Multivariate analysis of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic treatment

BACKGROUND

Orthodontic treatment can easily cause local soft tissue reactions in the oral cavity of patients under mechanical stress, leading to oral mucosal ulcers and affecting their quality of life. At present, only limited literature has explored the factors leading to oral ulcers in orthodontic treatment, and these research results are still controversial.

AIM

To investigate the current status and related factors of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic treatment, aiming to provide a valuable reference for preventing this disease in clinical practice.

METHODS

A total of 587 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment at the Peking University School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology between 2020 and 2022 were selected and allocated to an observation or control group according to the incidence of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic therapy. A questionnaire survey was constructed to collect patient data, including basic information, lifestyle and eating habits, treatment details, mental factors, and trace element levels, and a comparative analysis of this data was performed between the two groups.

RESULTS

A logistic regression model with oral ulcers as the dependent variable was established. The regression results showed that age (≥ 60 years: odds ratio [OR]: 6.820; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.226-20.893), smoking history (smoking: OR: 4.434; 95%CI: 2.527-7.782), toothbrush hardness (hard: OR: 2.804; 95%CI: 1.746-4.505), dietary temperature (hot diet: OR: 1.399; 95%CI: 1.220-1.722), treatment course (> 1 year: OR: 3.830; 95%CI: 2.203-6.659), and tooth brushing frequency (> 1 time per day: OR: 0.228; 95%CI: 0.138-0.377) were independent factors for oral mucosal ulcers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Zn level (OR: 0.945; 95%CI: 0.927-0.964) was a protective factor against oral ulcers, while the SAS (OR: 1.284; 95%CI: 1.197-1.378) and SDS (OR: 1.322; 95%CI: 1.231-1.419) scores were risk factors.

CONCLUSION

Age ≥ 60 years, smoking history, hard toothbrush, hot diet, treatment course for > 1 year, tooth brushing frequency of ≤ 1 time per day, and mental anxiety are independent risk factors for oral mucosal ulcers. Therefore, these factors should receive clinical attention and be incorporated into the development and optimization of preventive strategies for reducing oral ulcer incidence.

Study of the intensive care unit activity scale in the early rehabilitation of patients after direct cardiac surgery

BACKGROUND

Direct cardiac surgery often necessitates intensive post-operative care, and the intensive care unit (ICU) activity scale represents a crucial metric in assessing and guiding early rehabilitation efforts to enhance patient recovery.

AIM

To clarify the clinical application value of the ICU activity scale in the early recovery of patients after cardiac surgery.

METHODS

One hundred and twenty patients who underwent cardiac surgery between September 2020 and October 2021 were selected and divided into two groups using the random number table method. The observation group was rated using the ICU activity scale and the corresponding graded rehabilitation interventions were conducted based on the ICU activity scale. The control group was assessed in accordance with the routine rehabilitation activities, and the postoperative rehabilitation indexes of the patients in both groups were compared (time of tracheal intubation, time of ICU admission, occurrence of complications, and activity scores before ICU transfer). The two groups were compared according to postoperative rehabilitation indicators (time of tracheal intubation, length of ICU stay, and occurrence of complications) and activity scores before ICU transfer.

RESULTS

In the observation group, tracheal intubation time lasted for 18.30 ± 3.28 h and ICU admission time was 4.04 ± 0.83 d, which were significantly shorter than the control group (t-values: 2.97 and 2.038, respectively, P < 0.05). The observation group also had a significantly lower number of complications and adverse events compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Before ICU transfer, the observation group (6.7%) had few complications and adverse events than the control group (30.0 %), and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Additionally, the activity score was significantly higher in the observation (26.89 ± 0.97) compared to the control groups (22.63 ± 1.12 points) (t-value; -17.83, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Implementation of early goal-directed activities in patients who underwent cardiac surgery using the ICU activity scale can promote the recovery of cardiac function.

Fragile hearts: Unveiling the crucial layers of frailty in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions

Wang and Liu's systematic review of frailty among elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) revealed that patients with frailty have significantly higher risks of all-cause and in-hospital death, major undesirable cardiovascular events, and major haemorrhage. Frailty is associated with adverse events, prolonged hospital stays, increased complications, and elevated mortality risk due to diminished physiological reserves. Integrating frailty into risk assessment tools is crucial, and gait speed has emerged as a key predictor of frailty. Recognizing the impact of frailty leads to personalized and informed decision-making, and frailty assessments should be performed. This holistic approach can inform tailored interventions, thereby optimizing outcomes for this vulnerable population undergoing PCI.

Orthopedic manifestations of Li-Fraumeni syndrome: Prevention and treatment of a polymorphic spectrum of malignancies

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by a heightened risk of developing various malignancies at an early age. Emerging evidence suggests a correlation between LFS and orthopedic manifestations, underscoring the importance of orthopedic screening in individuals with this syndrome. Pediatric cancer is rare. It is estimated that more than 10%-15% of tumors are secondary to a pathogenic variant in a cancer predisposition gene. More than 100 cancer predisposition genes and their association with syndromes or isolated tumors have been identified. LFS is one of those who have been most widely described. Patients with this syndrome present a high risk of developing one or more tumors. Its knowledge enables the establishment of a follow-up protocol for the patient and affected family members, facilitating early detection of new tumors and reducing tumor and treatment-related morbidity and mortality. The primary objective of this invited editorial article is to provide a thorough review of the existing knowledge of LFS and its polymorphic spectrum of related malignancies, with a focus on aspects directly linked to orthopedic manifestations. Another objective is to offer an update on the most modern prevention, treatment and follow up guidelines that could be useful for the physicians dealing with this cohort of patients.

Proteomics for early prenatal screening of gestational diabetes mellitus

In this editorial, we comment on the article by Cao et al. Through applying isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification technology coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the researchers observed significant differential expression of 47 proteins when comparing serum samples from pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to the healthy ones. GDM symptoms may involve abnormalities in inflammatory response, complement system, coagulation cascade activation, and lipid metabolism. Retinol binding protein 4 and angiopoietin like 8 are potential early indicators of GDM. GDM stands out as one of the most prevalent metabolic complications during pregnancy and is linked to severe maternal and fetal outcomes like pre-eclampsia and stillbirth. Nevertheless, none of the biomarkers discovered so far have demonstrated effectiveness in predicting GDM. Our topic was designed to foster insights into advances in the application of proteomics for early prenatal screening of GDM.

Influence of perinatal factors on full-term low-birth-weight infants and construction of a predictive model

BACKGROUND

Being too light at birth can increase the risk of various diseases during infancy.

AIM

To explore the effect of perinatal factors on term low-birth-weight (LBW) infants and build a predictive model. This model aims to guide the clinical management of pregnant women's healthcare during pregnancy and support the healthy growth of newborns.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 1794 single full-term pregnant women who gave birth. Newborns were grouped based on birth weight: Those with birth weight < 2.5 kg were classified as the low-weight group, and those with birth weight between 2.5 kg and 4 kg were included in the normal group. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of full-term LBW. A risk prediction model was established based on the analysis results. The effectiveness of the model was analyzed using the Hosmer-Leme show test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to verify the accuracy of the predictions.

RESULTS

Among the 1794 pregnant women, there were 62 cases of neonatal weight < 2.5 kg, resulting in an LBW incidence rate of 3.46%. The factors influencing full-term LBW included low maternal education level [odds ratio (OR) = 1.416], fewer prenatal examinations (OR = 2.907), insufficient weight gain during pregnancy (OR = 3.695), irregular calcium supplementation during pregnancy (OR = 1.756), and pregnancy hypertension syndrome (OR = 2.192). The prediction model equation was obtained as follows: Logit (P) = 0.348 × maternal education level + 1.067 × number of prenatal examinations + 1.307 × insufficient weight gain during pregnancy + 0.563 × irregular calcium supplementation during pregnancy + 0.785 × pregnancy hypertension syndrome - 29.164. The area under the ROC curve for this model was 0.853, with a sensitivity of 0.852 and a specificity of 0.821. The Hosmer-Leme show test yielded χ 2 = 2.185, P = 0.449, indicating a good fit. The overall accuracy of the clinical validation model was 81.67%.

CONCLUSION

The occurrence of full-term LBW is related to maternal education, the number of prenatal examinations, weight gain during pregnancy, calcium supplementation during pregnancy, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. The constructed predictive model can effectively predict the risk of full-term LBW.

Concurrent occurrence of adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the prostate gland: A case report

BACKGROUND

Adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of prostate cancer. Prostatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) typically originates from the prostatic urethra. The concurrent occurrence of adenocarcinoma and UC of the prostate gland is uncommon.

CASE SUMMARY

We present the case of an 82-year-old male patient with simultaneous adenocarcinoma and UC of the prostate gland. The patient underwent a transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy, and the pathology test revealed UC. Subsequently, transurethral laser prostatectomy was performed, and the pathology test indicated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a Gleason score of 3 + 4 and high-grade UC. Therefore, the patient was treated with androgen deprivation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging performed during follow-up revealed a prostate tumor classified as cT2cN1M0, stage IVA. Therefore, the patient underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. The final pathology test of the prostate gland revealed acinar-type adenocarcinoma, Gleason pattern 4 + 3, pT2N0M0, and high-grade UC. The patient regularly presented to the clinic for postoperative follow-up evaluations. He did not experience any urinary discomfort.

CONCLUSION

According to our literature review, this is the first reported case of coexisting adenocarcinoma and UC of the prostate gland.

Rare giant intradural epidural hemolymphangioma: A case report

BACKGROUND

Hemolymphangioma is a rare, noninvasive benign tumor that originates from vascular and lymphatic malformations. It is usually congenital and can present with varying symptoms depending on its location and size. There are very few reports of hemolymphangiomas within the spinal canal, and giant lesions are exceptionally rare.

CASE SUMMARY

In July 2023, a 64-year-old male with a giant intravertebral epidural hemolymphangioma from thoracic 11 to lumbar 2 (T11-L2) was admitted to the Department of Spine Surgery at the People's Hospital of Binzhou City, China. The patient experienced progressive lumbar and left lower limb pain, numbness, weakness in both lower limbs, and difficulty with urination and defecation. Imaging studies revealed a large cystic mass in the spinal canal at T11-L2. Surgical decompression was performed, and the pathology confirmed hemolymphangioma.

CONCLUSION

Complete resection of hemolymphangiomas has the best prognosis, and final diagnosis relies on pathologic diagnosis. In this case, the mass was removed intact with a pedicle nail rod system, leading to adequate spinal decompression and restoration of spinal stability.

Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with hepatitis B: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has increased in recent clinical practice; however, the relationship between CHB and hepatic steatosis (HS) remains controversial.

AIM

To shed light on the potential association between NAFLD and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic literature search using multiple databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE, to identify relevant studies. Predefined inclusion criteria were used to determine the eligibility of the studies for further analysis.

RESULTS

Comprehensive meta-analysis software was used for statistical analysis, which covered 20 studies. The results indicated a lower NAFLD susceptibility in HBV-infected individuals (pooled OR = 0.87; 95%CI = 0.69-1.08; I 2 = 91.1%), with diabetes (P = 0.015), body mass index (BMI; P = 0.010), and possibly age (P = 0.061) as heterogeneity sources. Of note, in four studies (6197 HBV patients), HBV-infected individuals had a reduced NAFLD risk (OR = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.51-0.89, P = 0.006). A positive link between hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome emerged in hepatitis B patients, along with specific biochemical indicators, including BMI, creatinine, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.

CONCLUSION

HBV infection may provide protection against HS; however, the occurrence of HS in patients with HBV infection is associated with metabolic syndrome and specific biochemical parameters.

Acute macular neuroretinopathy following COVID-19 infection: Three case reports

BACKGROUND

During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a notable increase in acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) cases was observed. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between AMN and COVID-19 by examining 3 cases in China.

CASE SUMMARY

The first case involved a 30-year-old man who presented with progressive vision loss following a COVID-19 infection. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and near-infrared imaging identified hallmark AMN lesions, hyperreflective disruptions within the outer plexiform layer, and hyporeflective anomalies in the ellipsoid zone, leading to an AMN diagnosis. Despite partial visual recovery, OCT angiography (OCTA) revealed persistent microvascular changes, specifically a decreased vascular density in the deep capillary plexus. The second case was a 24-year-old woman who experienced blurred vision and exhibited bilateral cotton-wool spots on fundus examination post-COVID-19. Imaging confirmed the presence of AMN along with paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM). Follow-up OCTA found a progressive reduction in vascular density, indicating ongoing microvascular compromise. The third case was a 28-year-old woman who reported sensations of occlusion in her right eye following a COVID-19 infection. Imaging confirmed both AMN and PAMM, revealing similar decreases of microvascular density on OCTA despite a significant improvement in visual acuity. We noted that all 3 patients had received the COVID-19 vaccine prior to the appearance of symptoms.

CONCLUSION

The findings highlight the diagnostic utility of advanced ocular imaging in detecting AMN in COVID-19 patients and the importance of comprehensive eye examinations.

Analysis of long-term outcome of modified gastric bypass for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND

Bariatric and metabolic surgery have been routinely performed following the rapid increase in obesity and metabolic diseases worldwide. Of all evolving procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the gold standard for surgical treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. RYGB was introduced in China nearly 20 years ago, but the number of RYGB surgeries only accounts for 3.1% of the total number of weight loss and metabolic surgeries in China, it's effect on Chinese people still needs further study.

AIM

To investigate the effect and safety of a modified gastric bypass performed in Chinese patients with T2DM.

METHODS

Patients with obesity and T2DM who underwent modified gastric bypass, with > 5-year follow-up data, were analyzed.

RESULTS

All 37 patients underwent uneventful laparoscopic surgery, no patient was switched to laparotomy during the surgery, and no severe complications were reported. Average weight and body mass index of the patients reduced from 84.6 ± 17.3 (60.0-140.0) kg and 30.9 ± 5.0 (24.7-46.2) kg/m2 to 67.1 ± 12.2 (24.7-46.2) kg and 24.6 ± 3.9 (17.7-36.5) kg/m2, respectively, and fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin decreased from 7.4 ± 3.4 mmol/L and 8.2% ± 1.7% preoperatively to 6.5 ± 1.3 mmol/L and 6.5% ± 0.9% 5-years postoperatively, respectively. Only 29.7% (11/37) of the patients used hypoglycemic drugs 5-years postoperatively, and the complete remission rate of T2DM was 29.7% (11/37). Triglyceride level reduced significantly but high-density lipoprotein increased significantly (both P < 0.05) compared with those during the preoperative period. Liver and renal function improved significantly postoperatively, and binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the patients' preoperative history of T2DM and fasting C-peptide were significant prognostic factors influencing complete T2DM remission after RYGB (P = 0.006 and 0.012, respectively).

CONCLUSION

The modified gastric bypass is a safe and feasible procedure for Chinese patients with obesity and T2DM, exhibiting satisfactory amelioration of weight problems, hyperglycemia, and combination disease.

Severe acute pancreatitis complicated with intra-abdominal infection secondary to trauma: A case report

BACKGROUND

Pancreatic trauma (PT) is rare among traumatic injuries and has a low incidence, but it can still lead to severe infectious complications, resulting in a high mortality rate. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common complication after PT, and when combined with organ dysfunction and sepsis, it will result in a poorer prognosis.

CASE SUMMARY

We report a 25-year-old patient with multiple organ injuries, including the pancreas, due to abdominal trauma, who developed necrotising pancreatitis secondary to emergency caesarean section, combined with intra-abdominal infection (IAI). The patient underwent performed percutaneous drainage, pancreatic necrotic tissue debridement, and abdominal infection foci debridement on the patient.

CONCLUSION

We report a case of severe AP and IAI secondary to trauma. This patient was managed by a combination of conservative treatment such as antibiotic therapy and fluid support with surgery, and a better outcome was obtained.

Analyze interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in dry eye and the therapeutic effect of cyclosporine A

BACKGROUND

Dry eye is a common eye disease. Artificial tears supplements are widely used for the treatment of dry eyes. However, multiple adverse effects have been observed in patients receiving long-term treatment with artificial tears, which may affect the therapeutic effect.

AIM

To analyze the characteristics of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in patients with dry eye and the therapeutic effect of artificial tears combined with cyclosporine A.

METHODS

A total of 124 dry eye patients treated at The First People's Hospital of Xining from April 2020 to April 2022 were selected as the observation group, while 20 healthy individuals served as the control group during the same period. Levels of inflammatory markers, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, were analyzed. The observation group was further divided into a study group and a control group, each consisting of 62 patients. The control group received artificial tears, whereas the study group received a combination of artificial tears and cyclosporine A. Inflammatory markers, Schirmer's test (SIT), tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25) scores, and adverse events (AEs) were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

The observation group exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in comparison to the healthy group. Following treatment, the study group demonstrated substantial reductions in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels relative to the control group. Moreover, after treatment, the study group experienced a marked decrease in CFS scores and significant increases in both SIT and BUT levels when compared to the control group. Additionally, significant improvements were observed in the primary symptom of dry eye and secondary symptoms such as photophobia, foreign body sensation, fatigue, red eye, and burning sensation within the study group. Furthermore, post-treatment NEI-VFQ-25 scores across all dimensions exhibited significant enhancements in the study group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). It is noteworthy that significant AEs were reported in both groups throughout the treatment period.

CONCLUSION

Cyclosporine A combined with artificial tears is effective in treating dry eye, yielding enhanced outcomes by improving SIT and TBUT levels, reducing CFS scores, and ameliorating vision-related quality of life.

Omadacycline in the treatment of scrub typhus: Three case reports

BACKGROUND

Scrub typhus is a naturally occurring acute infectious disease that is primarily transmitted through the bites of chiggers or larval mites infected by Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi). Omadacycline, a novel tetracycline, exhibits potent antibacterial efficacy against both typical bacteria and atypical pathogens. However, omadacycline application in the treatment of scrub typhus remains limited.

CASE SUMMARY

In the present work, we report several cases of scrub typhus, with the main clinical symptoms being fever, the formation of eschars or ulcers, local or systemic lymphadenopathy, headache, myalgia and rash. Blood samples were collected before omadacycline was administered, and O. tsutsugamushi infection was confirmed through targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS). After two days of treatment, the patients' symptoms, including fever, were alleviated, with no adverse drug reactions.

CONCLUSION

tNGS is an effective method for diagnosing scrub typhus. Omadacycline can be considered an alternative option for antiinfective therapy in patients with O. tsutsugamushi infections.

Shedding light on pancreatic metastasis of clear cell sarcoma: An exceptional journey

This editorial comments on the study by Liu et al investigating pancreatic metastasis of clear cell sarcoma (CCS) published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases. CCS is a rare and aggressive melanocytic tumor, that typically arises from tendons and aponeuroses of the limbs, and metastasizes to the lungs, bones, and brain. However, pancreatic metastasis has rarely been reported, presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Elucidating the clinical characteristics, imaging features, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes of patients with pancreatic CCS metastasis is crucial. Surgery remains an effective management strategy for CCS. However, the high recurrence rate and low effectiveness of traditional adjuvant treatments necessitate a shift towards more personalized and targeted treatment plans. Research is needed to investigate and validate novel therapeutic approaches specifically tailored to the distinct genetic and molecular characteristics of rare malignancies like CCS. Additionally, the development of late metastases after a long disease-free interval is common in CCS patients. Therefore, routine postoperative surveillance for metastasis using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, bone scans, and positron emission tomography scans is crucial. Moving forward, enhanced collaboration, investigation, and creative thinking among scientists, medical professionals, and legislators are essential to gain a deeper understanding of these rare presentations.

Enigmatic thymus: Variations in anatomical localisation of thymic tissue as an easily misdiagnosed congenital anomaly in surgical practice

We point out the issue of differential diagnosis regarding the finding of ectopically localised thymic tissue (a thymic cyst) in the neck. Thymic tissue can be found anywhere along its developmental tract of descent, from the angle of the mandible to the upper mediastinum. Disruption of the thymic descent can result in ectopically/abnormally localised islets of accessory thymic tissue, which may undergo cystic changes, as described in a case report by Sun et al. This anatomical variation of the thymus may be clinically misinterpreted as a neoplasm or other congenital anomalies as a branchial cyst, lymphatic malformation or cystic hygroma. The present editorial focuses on the challenge of establishing a diagnosis of ectopically localised tissue of thymus often presented as a lateral cervical mass, especially in the case of cystic variation/degeneration of this thymic tissue. We summarise hypotheses on the origin of such congenital cervical thymic cysts from the point of view of evolutionary history and embryology. We also discuss lesser-known facts about the anatomy, histopathology and developmental biology of the thymus as one of the most enigmatic organs in the human body.

Analysis of causes for revision in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

The study by Zhao et al identifies the factors leading to the failure of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in their patients. These factors include substandard suturing of the wound, the presence of osteophytes and intra-articular loose bodies causing impingement, premature loosening of the tibial component, choosing unsuitable patients for the procedure, dislocation of the movable insert, and damage to the anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament. The findings suggest that employing the correct surgical techniques and indications is essential for successful outcomes in the UKA.

Laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopy in the treatment of Robert's uterus accompanied by adenomyosis: A case report

BACKGROUND

Gynaecologists should be aware of a rare obstructive Mullerian duct abnormality like Robert's uterus and perform further surgery when necessary.

CASE SUMMARY

We report a 41-year-old mother of two children with Robert's uterus who was examined and treated by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Unlike the existing cases reported in the literature, this patient had a late onset of Robert's uterus symptoms. Due to right tubal ectopic pregnancy 3 years previously, the patient was treated with right salpingectomy and left tubal ligation but suffered aggravated left lower abdominal pain. She was examined and treated by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, and is completely asymptomatic at 5-year follow-up.

CONCLUSION

The typical obstructive Mullerian abnormality requires further surgery. Combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy is an effective, minimally invasive technique with better recovery outcomes than traditional transabdominal procedures.

Prognostic significance of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 expression in glioma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system neoplasm. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas, patient prognosis remains dismal. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of glioma to effectively improve treatment outcomes.

AIM

To investigate the association between oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) expression and the outcomes of glioma patients.

METHODS

The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for studies (published up to October 2023) that investigated the relationship between Olig2 expression and prognosis of glioma patients. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Data analyses were performed using Stata Version 12.0 software.

RESULTS

A total of 1205 glioma patients from six studies were included in the meta-analysis. High Olig2 expression was associated with better outcomes in glioma patients [hazard ratio (HR): 0.81; 95% (confidence interval) CI: 0.51-1.27; P = 0.000]. Furthermore, the results of subgroup meta-analysis showed that high expression of Olig2 was associated with poor overall survival in European patients (HR: 1.34; 95%CI: 0.79-2.27) and better prognosis in Asian patients (HR: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.22-0.84). The sensitivity analysis showed that no single study had a significant effect on pooled HR, and there was also no indication of publication bias according to the Egger's and Begger's P value test or funnel plot test.

CONCLUSION

High Olig2 expression may have a positive impact on the prognosis of glioma patients, and should be investigated further as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.

Differential expression of plasma cytokines in sepsis patients and their clinical implications

BACKGROUND

Sepsis, which is characterized by acute systemic inflammation and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, presents a significant challenge in health care. Some scholars have found that the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and quick SOFA scores are not ideal for predicting severe sepsis and mortality. Microbial culture takes a long time (2-3 d) and provides no information for early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, new diagnostic methods for sepsis need to be explored.

AIM

To assess cytokine levels in the plasma of sepsis patients and identify potential biomarkers for diagnosing sepsis.

METHODS

Ten sepsis patients admitted to the emergency department within 24 h of onset were enrolled as the observation group, whereas ten noninfected patients served as the control group. Of the 10 noninfected patients, 9 hypertension combined with cerebral infarction, 1 patients with vertiginous syndrome. Plasma Cytokines were measured using the Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Chemokine Panel 40-plex. Differentially expressed cytokines in plasma of sepsis and nonsepsis patients were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses.

RESULTS

Interleukin (IL)-16, granulocyte-macrophage granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), CX3CL1, CXCL9, CXCL16, CCL25, and CCL23 plasma levels were significantly increased in sepsis patients. GO analysis revealed that these cytokines were mainly associated with cellular structures such as intermediates, nuclear plaques, adhesion plaques, lateral plasma membranes, and cell matrix junctions. These genes were involved in various molecular functions, such as cytokine activity, receptor ligand activity, and signal receptor activator activity, contributing to various biological functions, such as leukocyte chemotaxis, migration, and chemotaxis. KEGG analysis indicated involvement in cytokine cytokine receptor interactions, chemokine signaling pathways, virus-protein interactions with cytokines and cytokine receptors, and the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway.

CONCLUSION

Elevated serum levels of IL-16, GM-CSF, CX3CL1, CXCL9, CXCL16, CCL25, and CCL23 in sepsis patients suggest their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for sepsis.

Enhanced recovery after surgery: Progress in adapted pathways for implementation in standard and emerging surgical settings

The concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been practiced for decades and has been implemented in numerous surgical specialties. ERAS is a global surgical quality improvement initiative, and it is an element in the field of perioperative care. ERAS had shown significant clinical outcomes, patient-reported satisfaction, and improvements in medical service cost. ERAS has been developed for specific surgical procedures, but with the fast progress of newly introduced surgical procedures, the original ERAS have been developed and modified. Recently appearing Topics and future research trends encompass ERAS protocols for other types of surgery and the enhancement of perioperative status, including but not limited to pediatric surgery, laparoscopic and robotic assisted surgery, bariatric surgery, thoracic surgery, and renal transplantation. The elements and pathways of ERAS have been developed with the introduction of up-to-date methodologies in the pre-operative, operative, and post-operative pathways. ERAS costs are higher than traditional care, but the patient's clinical outcome and satisfaction are higher. ERAS is in progress in the fields of anesthetic tasks, pediatric surgery, and organ transplantation. Although ERAS has shown significant clinical outcomes, there are needs to modify the protocol for specific cases, hospital facilities, resources, and nurses training on elements of ERAS. Several challenges and limitations exist in the implementation of ERAS that deserve consideration, it includes: Frailty, maximizing nutrition, prehabilitation, treating preoperative anemia, and enhancing ERAS adoption globally are all included.

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma involving the nasal cavity, unilateral paranasal sinuses, and intracranial invasion: A case report

BACKGROUND

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a rare and highly invasive neoplasm originating from the nasal cavity and sinuses. Typically, it exhibits an invasive behavior towards adjacent structures; however, in exceptional instances, it may infiltrate the intracranial compartment. Due to the tumor's rarity and lack of distinctive features on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, SNTCS is often misdiagnosed.

CASE SUMMARY

In this study, we present a case of SNTCS in a 56-year-old patient who exhibited unexplained cognitive impairment before admission. CT and MRI scans revealed the presence of a mass in the right nasal cavity, with lesions extending to the right ethmoid sinus and right frontal region. Subsequently, the patient underwent pathological examination for confirmation and received surgical intervention to excise the tumor. The future advancement in our understanding of this disease will significantly contribute to the precise diagnosis and treatment of SNTCS.

CONCLUSION

SNTCS is an exceptionally rare malignant tumor that originates from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, presenting a diagnostic challenge due to its non-specific imaging findings. MRI accurately delineates the location, morphological characteristics, size, internal structure, extent of surrounding involvement, and metabolic information of the lesion. These aspects play a pivotal role in the precise localization and qualitative assessment of SNTCS. Nevertheless, a definitive diagnosis still requires a pathological biopsy.

Parathyroidectomy restored bone mineral density in a neglected femoral neck fracture with renal osteodystrophy: A case report

BACKGROUND

This case report contributes to the medical literature by highlighting the successful management of a neglected femoral neck fracture in a patient with renal osteodystrophy and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPTH) who was on dialysis due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It underscores the efficacy of parathyroidectomy (PTX) in restoring bone mineral density (BMD) and promoting fracture healing, addressing a significant complication in ESRD patients.

CASE SUMMARY

A 36-year-old female with renal osteodystrophy and on dialysis due to ESRD presented with a history of left patellar tendon rupture and later, a right achilles tendon avulsion fracture. Persistent right hip pain led to the discovery of a neglected right femoral neck fracture, which was initially overlooked due to the patient's complex medical history. Two months post-achilles tendon repair, the patient underwent PTX to manage the refractory SHPTH. The postoperative course included rehabilitation and weight-bearing exercises. Remarkably, 2 years after osteosynthesis, radiographic assessments indicated a solid union of the periprothesis fracture and significant improvement in BMD, showcasing the efficacy of the treatment approach.

CONCLUSION

PTX, combined with appropriate rehabilitation, is crucial for improving BMD and fracture healing in ESRD patients with SHPTH.

Ventricular system-unrelated cerebellar ependymoma: A case report

BACKGROUND

An ependymoma is a glial tumor that usually occurs in or near the ventricle, close to the ependyma. It rarely occurs exclusively in the brain parenchyma without being associated with the ventricle.

CASE SUMMARY

Here, we report a rare case of a cerebellar ependymoma completely located in the brain parenchyma. A previously healthy 32-year-old female with a 1-month history of dizziness was admitted to our hospital. During hospitalization, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a space-occupying lesion measuring 57 mm × 41 mm × 51 mm in the right cerebellar hemisphere and inferior cerebellar vermis. The patient underwent surgical resection for the right cerebellar mass. Postoperative pathological examination revealed an ependymoma. At 1 year follow-up, the patient was doing well and showed no recurrence.

CONCLUSION

We conducted a literature review and summarized three theories regarding ependymomas located exclusively in the brain parenchyma, which are key to the diagnosis of intraparenchymal cerebellar ependymomas. Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy are the primary treatment options for ependymomas.

Application of sensory and motor training in AIDET communication mode in patients after knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND

Patients with knee arthroplasty often have problems such as slow recovery of knee function, which may cause negative emotions and affect their postoperative rehabilitation. The application of sensory and motor training in the Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Evaluation, Thank You (AIDET) communication mode in patients after knee arthroplasty can provide reference for the selection of postoperative rehabilitation training measures.

AIM

To explore the sensory and motor training effects in AIDET communication mode on knee function recovery and resilience of patients after knee arthroplasty.

METHODS

One hundred patients who underwent knee arthroplasty at our hospital between January 2022 and January 2024 were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n = 50) received routine rehabilitation training. In the observation group (n = 50), the AIDET communication mode was used to perform sensory and motor training, in addition to routine rehabilitation training. The rehabilitation training was administered for 8 weeks. After surgery, knee function, balance ability, walking ability, proprioception, and resilience were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

The New York Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores of the observation group at the time of discharge and 8 weeks after intervention were (65.23 ± 6.84, 84.53 ± 5.27), which was higher than those of the control group (61.03 ± 7.15, 74.92 ± 6.52) (P < 0.05). The balance ability of the observation group at the time of discharge and 8 weeks after the intervention was higher than that of the control group, the time of time up to go test was shorter than that of the control group, and proprioceptive function was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The resilience level in the observation group after the intervention was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Sensory and motor training in AIDET communication mode promotes knee function recovery of patients after knee arthroplasty, improves their limb walking ability and balance function, and increases their resilience level.