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Singh L, Tan A, Quinn PC. Infants recognize words spoken through opaque masks but not through clear masks. Dev Sci 2021; 24:e13117. [PMID: 33942441 PMCID: PMC8236912 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has modified numerous aspects of children's social environments. Many children are now spoken to through a mask. There is little empirical evidence attesting to the effects of masked language input on language processing. In addition, not much is known about the effects of clear masks (i.e., transparent face shields) versus opaque masks on language comprehension in children. In the current study, 2-year-old infants were tested on their ability to recognize familiar spoken words in three conditions: words presented with no mask, words presented through a clear mask, and words presented through an opaque mask. Infants were able to recognize familiar words presented without a mask and when hearing words through opaque masks, but not when hearing words through clear masks. Findings suggest that the ability of infants to recover spoken language input through masks varies depending on the surface properties of the mask.
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Singh L. Evidence for an Early Novelty Orientation in Bilingual Learners. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jha J, Singh MK, Singh L, Pushker N, Lomi N, Meel R, Chosdol K, Sen S, Bakhshi S, Kashyap S. Association of TYRP1 with hypoxia and its correlation with patient outcome in uveal melanoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1874-1884. [PMID: 33811629 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular mechanisms of uveal melanoma development in association with high pigmentation are unclear. Tyrosinase Related Protein (TYRP1) is not only one of the important melanogenesis marker that contributes to melanin synthesis, but can also prevents the melanocyte death. The induction of melanogenesis leads to induction of HIF-1α which can affect the behavior of melanoma cells and its surrounding environment. The aim of our study was to determine the expression of TYRP1 and HIF-1α at the protein and RNA level and determine its prognostic significance. METHODS In the present study, the expression of TYRP1 and HIF-1α was investigated on 61 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded choroidal melanoma samples by immunohistochemistry. Fresh 50 samples were validated by real-time PCR. Results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and Kaplan-Meier was performed to determine the prognostic significance. RESULTS High immunoexpression of TYRP1 and HIF-1α was present in 61 and 54% of patients, respectively. Both TYRP1 and HIF-1α correlated well with high pigmentation and BAP1 (BRCA1 Associated Protein-1) loss (p < 0.05) at IHC level as well as transcriptional level. There was reduced metastatic free survival in patients with necrosis and this was statistically significant (p = 0.010). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that TYRP1 can be used as a potential biomarker in the development of targeted therapy in UM. Further studies on melanogenesis markers associated with TYRP1 could provide us a better understanding in this field.
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Singh L, Moh Y, Ding X, Lee K, Quinn PC. Cognitive flexibility and parental education differentially predict implicit and explicit racial biases in bilingual children. J Exp Child Psychol 2021; 204:105059. [PMID: 33387897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has suggested that bilingual children demonstrate reduced social bias relative to their monolingual peers. In particular, they exhibit less implicit bias against racial outgroups. However, the cognitive determinants of racial bias in bilingual children remain unclear. In the current study, relationships between racial bias and three cognitive factors (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and perspective-taking ability), along with language proficiency and parental education, were investigated in a sample of bilingual preschoolers (N = 55). Children were bilingual learners of English and Mandarin. Results demonstrated that implicit bias was predicted by cognitive flexibility, independent of variation in inhibitory control, second language vocabulary, perspective taking, and parental education. In contrast, explicit bias was predicted by parental education alone and not by cognitive or linguistic factors. Findings suggest that increased cognitive flexibility, often thought to be an outgrowth of bilingual experience, may also be associated with a reduction in implicit bias. Findings are discussed in terms of specific mechanisms that may link cognitive factors, bilingualism, and racial bias.
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Byers-Heinlein K, Tsui ASM, Bergmann C, Black AK, Brown A, Carbajal MJ, Durrant S, Fennell CT, Fiévet AC, Frank MC, Gampe A, Gervain J, Gonzalez-Gomez N, Hamlin JK, Havron N, Hernik M, Kerr S, Killam H, Klassen K, Kosie JE, Kovács ÁM, Lew-Williams C, Liu L, Mani N, Marino C, Mastroberardino M, Mateu V, Noble C, Orena AJ, Polka L, Potter CE, Schreiner M, Singh L, Soderstrom M, Sundara M, Waddell C, Werker JF, Wermelinger S. A multi-lab study of bilingual infants: Exploring the preference for infant-directed speech. ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 4:10.1177/2515245920974622. [PMID: 35821764 PMCID: PMC9273003 DOI: 10.1177/2515245920974622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
From the earliest months of life, infants prefer listening to and learn better from infant-directed speech (IDS) than adult-directed speech (ADS). Yet, IDS differs within communities, across languages, and across cultures, both in form and in prevalence. This large-scale, multi-site study used the diversity of bilingual infant experiences to explore the impact of different types of linguistic experience on infants' IDS preference. As part of the multi-lab ManyBabies 1 project, we compared lab-matched samples of 333 bilingual and 385 monolingual infants' preference for North-American English IDS (cf. ManyBabies Consortium, 2020: ManyBabies 1), tested in 17 labs in 7 countries. Those infants were tested in two age groups: 6-9 months (the younger sample) and 12-15 months (the older sample). We found that bilingual and monolingual infants both preferred IDS to ADS, and did not differ in terms of the overall magnitude of this preference. However, amongst bilingual infants who were acquiring North-American English (NAE) as a native language, greater exposure to NAE was associated with a stronger IDS preference, extending the previous finding from ManyBabies 1 that monolinguals learning NAE as a native language showed a stronger preference than infants unexposed to NAE. Together, our findings indicate that IDS preference likely makes a similar contribution to monolingual and bilingual development, and that infants are exquisitely sensitive to the nature and frequency of different types of language input in their early environments.
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Byers-Heinlein K, Tsui RKY, van Renswoude D, Black AK, Barr R, Brown A, Colomer M, Durrant S, Gampe A, Gonzalez-Gomez N, Hay JF, Hernik M, Jartó M, Kovács ÁM, Laoun-Rubenstein A, Lew-Williams C, Liszkowski U, Liu L, Noble C, Potter CE, Rocha-Hidalgo J, Sebastian-Galles N, Soderstrom M, Visser I, Waddell C, Wermelinger S, Singh L. The development of gaze following in monolingual and bilingual infants: A multi-laboratory study. INFANCY 2021; 26:4-38. [PMID: 33306867 PMCID: PMC8763331 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Determining the meanings of words requires language learners to attend to what other people say. However, it behooves a young language learner to simultaneously encode relevant non-verbal cues, for example, by following the direction of their eye gaze. Sensitivity to cues such as eye gaze might be particularly important for bilingual infants, as they encounter less consistency between words and objects than monolingual infants, and do not always have access to the same word-learning heuristics (e.g., mutual exclusivity). In a preregistered study, we tested the hypothesis that bilingual experience would lead to a more pronounced ability to follow another's gaze. We used a gaze-following paradigm developed by Senju and Csibra (Current Biology, 18, 2008, 668) to test a total of 93 6- to 9-month-old and 229 12- to 15-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants, in 11 laboratories located in 8 countries. Monolingual and bilingual infants showed similar gaze-following abilities, and both groups showed age-related improvements in speed, accuracy, frequency, and duration of fixations to congruent objects. Unexpectedly, bilinguals tended to make more frequent fixations to on-screen objects, whether or not they were cued by the actor. These results suggest that gaze sensitivity is a fundamental aspect of development that is robust to variation in language exposure.
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Singh L, Tan ARY. Beyond perceptual narrowing: Monolingual and bilingual infants discriminate Hindi contrasts when learning words in the second year of life. Dev Psychol 2020; 57:19-32. [PMID: 33271031 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A significant body of literature has demonstrated that infants demonstrate a decline in sensitivity to nonnative sound contrasts by their first birthday, a transition often thought to be adaptive for later word learning. The present study investigated infants' sensitivity to these contrasts in a habituation-based discrimination and word learning task (total N = 168, 78 males and 90 females). All infants were native to Singapore and were of Chinese origin. Family socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by parental education. The mean number of years of parental education was 4.02 years after high school. Using a habituation-based discrimination paradigm, monolingual, and bilingual infants' sensitivity to the Hindi dental/retroflex voiceless stop was investigated at 14 months (Experiment 1). Neither group discriminated the contrast. Using the Switch paradigm, we assessed sensitivity to the same contrast in a word learning task. Monolingual and bilingual infants were tested at 14- and 19 months (Experiment 2a) and subsequently, an older group of bilingual infants was tested at 24 months (Experiment 2b). Results demonstrated an overall sensitivity to the Hindi contrast in Experiment 2a. Bilingual infants tested in Experiment 2b were not sensitive to the Hindi contrast. Findings are discussed with reference to discontinuities in the growth of a phonological lexicon as well as possible mechanisms elicit nonnative sensitivity in word learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Singh L, Singh M, Rizvi M, Kashyap S. 16P PD-1/PD-L1 expression in uveal melanoma: Prognostic significance with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and clinicopathological parameters. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Byers-Heinlein K, Bergmann C, Davies C, Frank MC, Hamlin JK, Kline M, Kominsky JF, Kosie JE, Lew-Williams C, Liu L, Mastroberardino M, Singh L, Waddell CPG, Zettersten M, Soderstrom M. Building a collaborative Psychological Science: Lessons learned from ManyBabies 1. CANADIAN PSYCHOLOGY-PSYCHOLOGIE CANADIENNE 2020; 61:349-363. [PMID: 34219905 PMCID: PMC8244655 DOI: 10.1037/cap0000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The field of infancy research faces a difficult challenge: some questions require samples that are simply too large for any one lab to recruit and test. ManyBabies aims to address this problem by forming large-scale collaborations on key theoretical questions in developmental science, while promoting the uptake of Open Science practices. Here, we look back on the first project completed under the ManyBabies umbrella - ManyBabies 1 - which tested the development of infant-directed speech preference. Our goal is to share the lessons learned over the course of the project and to articulate our vision for the role of large-scale collaborations in the field. First, we consider the decisions made in scaling up experimental research for a collaboration involving 100+ researchers and 70+ labs. Next, we discuss successes and challenges over the course of the project, including: protocol design and implementation, data analysis, organizational structures and collaborative workflows, securing funding, and encouraging broad participation in the project. Finally, we discuss the benefits we see both in ongoing ManyBabies projects and in future large-scale collaborations in general, with a particular eye towards developing best practices and increasing growth and diversity in infancy research and psychological science in general. Throughout the paper, we include first-hand narrative experiences, in order to illustrate the perspectives of researchers playing different roles within the project. While this project focused on the unique challenges of infant research, many of the insights we gained can be applied to large-scale collaborations across the broader field of psychology.
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Singh L. Bilingual Infants are More Sensitive to Morally Relevant Social Behavior than Monolingual Infants. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2020.1807987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Singh L, Wewalaarachchi TD. Effects of age and bilingualism on sensitivity to native and nonnative tone variation: Evidence from spoken word recognition in Mandarin Chinese learners. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:1642-1656. [PMID: 32551720 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most children learn a language such as Mandarin Chinese that uses lexical tone to communicate meaning. This study aimed to examine the phonological specificity of tone representations in monolingual and bilingual learners of Mandarin. Two age-groups were tested: toddlers (2.5 to 3.5 years) and preschoolers (4 to 5 years; N = 80). Using a preferential looking paradigm, children were presented with correct and mispronounced (Cantonese or Mandarin tone substitutions) forms of familiar words. In the aggregate, participants demonstrated preferential fixation to visual targets (naming effects) for correctly pronounced words, words mispronounced with native (Mandarin) tone substitutions, and for words mispronounced with nonnative (Cantonese) tone substitutions. However, naming effects were greater for correct pronunciations and for Cantonese tone mispronunciations relative to Mandarin tone mispronunciations. There were no interactions of responses to each trial type with age or with language exposure. Results are discussed in terms of possible determinants of tone sensitivity in early childhood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Singh L, Tan ARY, Lee K, Quinn PC. Sensitivity to race in language comprehension in monolingual and bilingual infants. J Exp Child Psychol 2020; 199:104933. [PMID: 32731045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Past studies suggest that monolingual and bilingual infants respond differently to race information in face discrimination and social learning tasks. In particular, bilingual infants have been shown to respond more similarly to own- and other-race individuals, in contrast to monolingual infants, who respond preferentially to own-race individuals. In the current study, we investigated monolingual and bilingual sensitivity to speaker race in spoken word recognition. Two-year-old infants were presented with spoken words in association with visual targets. Words were presented in association with own- or other-race actors and were either correctly pronounced or mispronounced. Measuring speech-responsive eye movements to visual targets, we analyzed fixation to visual targets for correct and mispronounced words in relation to speaker race for each group. When presented with own-race speakers, both monolingual and bilingual infants associated correctly pronounced labels, but not mispronounced labels, with visual targets. When presented with other-race speakers, bilingual infants responded similarly. In contrast, monolingual infants did not fixate visual targets regardless of whether words were correctly pronounced or mispronounced by an other-race speaker. Results are discussed in terms of the sensitivities of bilingual and monolingual infants to novelty, learned associations between race and language, and prior social experiences.
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Singh MK, Singh L, Pushker N, Chosdol K, Bakhshi S, Meel R, Sen S, Kashyap S. Constitutive expression of c-REL in uveal melanoma patients: correlation with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1193-1204. [PMID: 31768922 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular cancer with a high mortality rate that requires new research in the field of prevention and treatment. c-REL is a member of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor family and an emerging regulator of tumorigenesis. Therefore, the objective of the study is to evaluate the constitutive expression of c-REL in uveal melanoma patients and its prognostic significance. METHODS Detection of c-REL expression was carried out by immunohistochemistry in all 75 patients, and qRT-PCR performed on 58 fresh cases of uveal melanoma along with IL-6 status. Immunoblot was performed to validate immunohistochemistry results. Expression of c-REL protein correlated with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival of patients. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry results revealed nuclear expression of the c-REL protein (56%) in our cases. Out of 75 cases, 31 cases showed nuclear expression, and 11 cases had cytoplasmic expression. qRT-PCR showed upregulation of the REL gene in 56.89% cases at the transcriptional level. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall survival of patients with c-REL nuclear immunopositivity (p = 0.0048). On multivariate analysis, scleral invasion and c-REL nuclear expression found to be an independent prognostic factor (p < 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study reporting the expression of the c-REL protein in uveal melanoma. Strong nuclear immunoexpression of c-Rel suggests NFκB pathway activation which might be involved in the progression of the disease. Differential expression of c-REL protein may be used as an attractive target for the development of anticancer strategies.
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Singh L, Quinn PC, Qian M, Lee K. Bilingualism is associated with less racial bias in preschool children. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:888-896. [DOI: 10.1037/dev0000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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She Z, Jia LP, Yue Q, Ma H, Kang KJ, Li YJ, Agartioglu M, An HP, Chang JP, Chen JH, Chen YH, Cheng JP, Dai WH, Deng Z, Geng XP, Gong H, Gu P, Guo QJ, Guo XY, He L, He SM, He HT, Hu JW, Huang TC, Huang HX, Li HB, Li H, Li JM, Li J, Li MX, Li X, Li XQ, Li YL, Liao B, Lin FK, Lin ST, Liu SK, Liu YD, Liu YY, Liu ZZ, Mao YC, Nie QY, Ning JH, Pan H, Qi NC, Qiao CK, Ren J, Ruan XC, Sevda B, Shang CS, Sharma V, Singh L, Singh MK, Sun TX, Tang CJ, Tang WY, Tian Y, Wang GF, Wang L, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang YX, Wang Z, Wong HT, Wu SY, Xing HY, Xu Y, Xue T, Yan YL, Yang LT, Yi N, Yu CX, Yu HJ, Yue JF, Zeng M, Zeng Z, Zhang BT, Zhang L, Zhang FS, Zhang ZY, Zhao MG, Zhou JF, Zhou ZY, Zhu JJ. Direct Detection Constraints on Dark Photons with the CDEX-10 Experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:111301. [PMID: 32242731 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report constraints on the dark photon effective kinetic mixing parameter (κ) with data taken from two p-type point-contact germanium detectors of the CDEX-10 experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The 90% confidence level upper limits on κ of solar dark photon from 205.4 kg-day exposure are derived, probing new parameter space with masses (m_{V}) from 10 to 300 eV/c^{2} in direct detection experiments. Considering dark photon as the cosmological dark matter, limits at 90% confidence level with m_{V} from 0.1 to 4.0 keV/c^{2} are set from 449.6 kg-day data, with a minimum of κ=1.3×10^{-15} at m_{V}=200 eV/c^{2}.
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Frank MC, Alcock KJ, Arias-Trejo N, Aschersleben G, Baldwin D, Barbu S, Bergelson E, Bergmann C, Black AK, Blything R, Böhland MP, Bolitho P, Borovsky A, Brady SM, Braun B, Brown A, Byers-Heinlein K, Campbell LE, Cashon C, Choi M, Christodoulou J, Cirelli LK, Conte S, Cordes S, Cox C, Cristia A, Cusack R, Davies C, de Klerk M, Delle Luche C, Ruiter LD, Dinakar D, Dixon KC, Durier V, Durrant S, Fennell C, Ferguson B, Ferry A, Fikkert P, Flanagan T, Floccia C, Foley M, Fritzsche T, Frost RLA, Gampe A, Gervain J, Gonzalez-Gomez N, Gupta A, Hahn LE, Kiley Hamlin J, Hannon EE, Havron N, Hay J, Hernik M, Höhle B, Houston DM, Howard LH, Ishikawa M, Itakura S, Jackson I, Jakobsen KV, Jarto M, Johnson SP, Junge C, Karadag D, Kartushina N, Kellier DJ, Keren-Portnoy T, Klassen K, Kline M, Ko ES, Kominsky JF, Kosie JE, Kragness HE, Krieger AAR, Krieger F, Lany J, Lazo RJ, Lee M, Leservoisier C, Levelt C, Lew-Williams C, Lippold M, Liszkowski U, Liu L, Luke SG, Lundwall RA, Macchi Cassia V, Mani N, Marino C, Martin A, Mastroberardino M, Mateu V, Mayor J, Menn K, Michel C, Moriguchi Y, Morris B, Nave KM, Nazzi T, Noble C, Novack MA, Olesen NM, John Orena A, Ota M, Panneton R, Esfahani SP, Paulus M, Pletti C, Polka L, Potter C, Rabagliati H, Ramachandran S, Rennels JL, Reynolds GD, Roth KC, Rothwell C, Rubez D, Ryjova Y, Saffran J, Sato A, Savelkouls S, Schachner A, Schafer G, Schreiner MS, Seidl A, Shukla M, Simpson EA, Singh L, Skarabela B, Soley G, Sundara M, Theakston A, Thompson A, Trainor LJ, Trehub SE, Trøan AS, Tsui ASM, Twomey K, Von Holzen K, Wang Y, Waxman S, Werker JF, Wermelinger S, Woolard A, Yurovsky D, Zahner K, Zettersten M, Soderstrom M. Quantifying Sources of Variability in Infancy Research Using the Infant-Directed-Speech Preference. ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2515245919900809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology and replicability, and infancy researchers in particular face specific challenges related to replicability: For example, high-powered studies are difficult to conduct, testing conditions vary across labs, and different labs have access to different infant populations. Addressing these concerns, we report on a large-scale, multisite study aimed at (a) assessing the overall replicability of a single theoretically important phenomenon and (b) examining methodological, cultural, and developmental moderators. We focus on infants’ preference for infant-directed speech (IDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS). Stimuli of mothers speaking to their infants and to an adult in North American English were created using seminaturalistic laboratory-based audio recordings. Infants’ relative preference for IDS and ADS was assessed across 67 laboratories in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia using the three common methods for measuring infants’ discrimination (head-turn preference, central fixation, and eye tracking). The overall meta-analytic effect size (Cohen’s d) was 0.35, 95% confidence interval = [0.29, 0.42], which was reliably above zero but smaller than the meta-analytic mean computed from previous literature (0.67). The IDS preference was significantly stronger in older children, in those children for whom the stimuli matched their native language and dialect, and in data from labs using the head-turn preference procedure. Together, these findings replicate the IDS preference but suggest that its magnitude is modulated by development, native-language experience, and testing procedure.
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Wewalaarachchi TD, Singh L. Vowel, consonant, and tone variation exert asymmetrical effects on spoken word recognition: Evidence from 6-year-old monolingual and bilingual learners of Mandarin. J Exp Child Psychol 2020; 189:104698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Singh M, Kashyap S, Singh L, Pushker N, Bakhshi S, Sen S. Loss of BAP-1 influences the activation of p52 and RelB proteins in the Inflammatory microenvironment of uveal melanoma. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz452.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Singh L, Singh M, Rizvi M, Pushker N, Sen S, Kashyap S. Differential expression patterns of immune checkpoint markers in tumour-stromal microenvironment of primary and chemoreduced retinoblastoma. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz447.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Yang LT, Li HB, Yue Q, Ma H, Kang KJ, Li YJ, Wong HT, Agartioglu M, An HP, Chang JP, Chen JH, Chen YH, Cheng JP, Deng Z, Du Q, Gong H, Guo QJ, He L, Hu JW, Hu QD, Huang HX, Jia LP, Jiang H, Li H, Li JM, Li J, Li X, Li XQ, Li YL, Liao B, Lin FK, Lin ST, Liu SK, Liu YD, Liu YY, Liu ZZ, Ma JL, Mao YC, Pan H, Ren J, Ruan XC, Sharma V, She Z, Shen MB, Singh L, Singh MK, Sun TX, Tang CJ, Tang WY, Tian Y, Wang GF, Wang JM, Wang L, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang YX, Wu SY, Wu YC, Xing HY, Xu Y, Xue T, Yi N, Yu CX, Yu HJ, Yue JF, Zeng XH, Zeng M, Zeng Z, Zhang FS, Zhang YH, Zhao MG, Zhou JF, Zhou ZY, Zhu JJ, Zhu ZH. Search for Light Weakly-Interacting-Massive-Particle Dark Matter by Annual Modulation Analysis with a Point-Contact Germanium Detector at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:221301. [PMID: 31868422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.221301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present results on light weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) searches with annual modulation (AM) analysis on data from a 1-kg mass p-type point-contact germanium detector of the CDEX-1B experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Datasets with a total live time of 3.2 yr within a 4.2-yr span are analyzed with analysis threshold of 250 eVee. Limits on WIMP-nucleus (χ-N) spin-independent cross sections as function of WIMP mass (m_{χ}) at 90% confidence level (C.L.) are derived using the dark matter halo model. Within the context of the standard halo model, the 90% C.L. allowed regions implied by the DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT AM-based analysis are excluded at >99.99% and 98% C.L., respectively. These results correspond to the best sensitivity at m_{χ}<6 GeV/c^{2} among WIMP AM measurements to date.
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Jha J, Pushker N, Singh M, Singh L, Sen S, Kaur J, Kashyap S. Association of BAP1 with ATR protein and their clinical significance with patient outcome in uveal melanoma. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz429.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Liu ZZ, Yue Q, Yang LT, Kang KJ, Li YJ, Wong HT, Agartioglu M, An HP, Chang JP, Chen JH, Chen YH, Cheng JP, Deng Z, Du Q, Gong H, Guo XY, Guo QJ, He L, He SM, Hu JW, Hu QD, Huang HX, Jia LP, Jiang H, Li HB, Li H, Li JM, Li J, Li X, Li XQ, Li YL, Liao B, Lin FK, Lin ST, Liu SK, Liu YD, Liu YY, Ma H, Ma JL, Mao YC, Ning JH, Pan H, Qi NC, Ren J, Ruan XC, Sharma V, She Z, Singh L, Singh MK, Sun TX, Tang CJ, Tang WY, Tian Y, Wang GF, Wang L, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang YX, Wu SY, Wu YC, Xing HY, Xu Y, Xue T, Yi N, Yu CX, Yu HJ, Yue JF, Zeng M, Zeng Z, Zhang FS, Zhao MG, Zhou JF, Zhou ZY, Zhu JJ. Constraints on Spin-Independent Nucleus Scattering with sub-GeV Weakly Interacting Massive Particle Dark Matter from the CDEX-1B Experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:161301. [PMID: 31702340 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.161301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report results on the searches of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with sub-GeV masses (m_{χ}) via WIMP-nucleus spin-independent scattering with Migdal effect incorporated. Analysis on time-integrated (TI) and annual modulation (AM) effects on CDEX-1B data are performed, with 737.1 kg day exposure and 160 eVee threshold for TI analysis, and 1107.5 kg day exposure and 250 eVee threshold for AM analysis. The sensitive windows in m_{χ} are expanded by an order of magnitude to lower DM masses with Migdal effect incorporated. New limits on σ_{χN}^{SI} at 90% confidence level are derived as 2×10^{-32}∼7×10^{-35} cm^{2} for TI analysis at m_{χ}∼50-180 MeV/c^{2}, and 3×10^{-32}∼9×10^{-38} cm^{2} for AM analysis at m_{χ}∼75 MeV/c^{2}-3.0 GeV/c^{2}.
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Jha J, Singh M, Singh L, Pushker N, Sen S, Kashyap S. Synergistic role of BAP1 and DNA damage response pathway in uveal melanoma and its prognostic significance. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz269.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nayak M, Khan A, Singh L. Polysomnographic parameters and their brain morphology correlates in depression: A comparative study. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kashyap S, Singh M, Singh L, Pushker N, Sen S, Meel R, Bakhshi S, Chawla B, Kaur J. Prognostic significance of c-Rel/p50 heterodimer in the tumor microenvironment of uveal melanoma. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz269.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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