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M’baye CK. Fertility, employment, and the demographic dividend in sub-Saharan African countries with incipient demographic transition: evidence from Mali. J Pop Research 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12546-023-09299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Slosse W, Buysse J, D’Haese M, Schoors K, Emera WD. Formalized and spontaneous cooperation as substitutes: Crowding out in the cooperative coffee sector of Ngozi, Burundi. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcom.2023.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Wu Y, Ji Y. Identifying firm-specific technology opportunities from the perspective of competitors by using association rule mining. J Informetr 2023; 17:101398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2023.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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4
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Fusillo F. Green Technologies and diversity in the knowledge search and output phases: Evidence from European Patents. Research Policy 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2023.104727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Wongupparaj P, Wongupparaj R, Morris RG, Kumari V. Seventy years, 1000 samples, and 300,000 SPM scores: A new meta-analysis of Flynn effect patterns. Intelligence 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Yadav S, Upadhyayula RS. Geographic Cluster or Global Linkages? What Accelerates Emerging Market Firms Foreign Entry Speed. IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/22779752231156209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examines whether emerging market firms use global linkages as a substitute to the location in geographical clusters to promote the speed of foreign market entry. Drawing from economic geography, we find a slower speed of foreign market entry by firms located outside geographical clusters in the home country as compared to firms inside clusters. This relationship is further moderated by the firm’s cognitive proximity in the foreign markets (measured as a firm’s extent of informal global linkages). Cognitive proximity increases the transfer of tacit knowledge and weakens the negative impact of firm cluster absence on the speed of foreign entry. We test the proposed hypotheses using the cox proportional hazard model based on a longitudinal sample of 602 Indian firms in the information technology industry (IT) from 2000 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Yadav
- Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Gortfelder M, Jaadla H. Determinants of Fertility During the Fertility Transition in Estonia: A Spatial Analysis. Spat Demogr 2023; 11:1-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s40980-023-00116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Abstract
One of the critical items in the environmental agenda is managing and controlling regional haze and air pollution. These haze, emissions and air pollution are emitted into the environment, causing dangerous harm and imposing threats to public health, human wellbeing, and fertility issues, which sometimes lead to death. The researcher aims investigates broad effects of environmental pollution, socio-economic factors on total fertility rate in MENA, ECOWAS and ASEAN regions from 1970 to 2019. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions consist of 21 countries, and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) comprises 15 countries. While 10 viable countries constitute the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). A longitudinal/panel dataset covering the regions is sourced mainly from the 2019 World Development Indicators (WDI) to examine the study objectives. In the methodology, a panel fixed-effect (FE) model are employed in estimating the objective after ascertaining the FE suitability using the Hausman Test. The results show that (i) environmental pollution (as proxied by CO2 emissions) has a negative and statistically significant effect on total fertility rate in MENA and ECOWAS but has a significantly positive effect on TFR in ASEAN. Based on the findings, many robust policies are recommended to manage/control environmental pollution to drive down fertility and other public health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigozie Nelson Nkalu
- Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Department of Economics, Aberdeen Business School, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Seth Asare Okyere, Louis Kusi Frimpong, Matthew Abunyewah, Stephen Kofi Diko, Md. Nawrose Fatemi, Stephen Leonard Mensah, Seth Barnie Enning, Michihiro Kita. The moderating role of Covid-19-related support on urban livelihood capitals: Evidence from suburban Accra. Urban Governance 2023. [ DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In the Global South, the COVID-19 crisis has compelled varied efforts to quickly address the pandemic's impact on urban livelihoods. Families, friends as well as public, private, and civil society organizations have mobilized various resources to avert the pandemic's onslaught on the survival of the urban vulnerable. Indeed, there is a burgeoning ‘pandemic urban scholarship’ that shed insights on COVID-19 risks, local responses, and impacts on everyday urban life. Yet, it is unclear how many of these responses are affecting urban livelihoods. This paper thus investigates the impact of COVID-19 on urban livelihood capitals (financial, human, social, and physical) and analyses the moderating role of COVID-19-related support (from families, friends, government agencies, faith-based and non-governmental organizations) to address the pandemic's impact on these capitals. Drawing on a quantitative study in Adenta Municipality of the Greater Accra Region, Ghana, the study finds a negative association between COVID-19 impacts and all urban livelihood capitals. Crucially, COVID-19-related support only reduced the negative impact of the pandemic on financial capital, and not on the other forms of capital. The study suggests that building post-pandemic community resilience warrants the need to transition from the usual reactive, fragmented support to integrated, holistic, and contextually embedded long-term strategies that consider the multi-dimensionality of everyday urban life.
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Rusatira JC, Cardona C, Martinez-Baack M, Rimon JG, Ahmed S. Development of the Demographic Dividend Effort Index, a novel tool to measure existing efforts to create a favourable environment to harness a demographic dividend: results from an experts' survey from six sub-Saharan African countries. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e059937. [PMID: 36958778 PMCID: PMC10040031 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a tool to measure the extent of national efforts in policies, services, research and programmes implemented to cultivate and harness the benefits of a potential demographic dividend in six sub-Saharan African countries. DESIGN The survey was self-administered online using the SurveyMonkey platform. The survey questionnaire covered six key sectors: family planning, maternal and child health, education, women's empowerment, labour market, and governance and economic institution. Each sector-specific questionnaire was structured around five practice domains: policymaking, services and programmes, advocacy, research and civil society. Each item was scored from 1 to 10. Factor analysis was used to select the items to be retained for final score estimation. Simple averages were computed to estimate sectoral and domain scores and overall country scores were estimated using weighted country mean scores. Internal consistency, construct validity and reliability were examined using factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. SETTING Sub-Saharan Africa. PARTICIPANTS A total of 440 knowledgeable informants from six countries; namely, Ethiopia (73), Kenya (69), Nigeria (67), Rwanda (54), Senegal (81) and Tanzania (96). RESULTS Based on the results from factor analysis, 38 items were dropped from the analysis and Cronbach's alpha results ranged from 0.84 to 0.98 across domains. The overall demographic dividend effort index (DDEI) scores ranged between 5.4 (95% CI 5.1 to 5.8) in Ethiopia to 7.7 (95% CI 7.5 to 8.0) in Rwanda. In most countries, the disaggregated scores by sector revealed low scores in the labour market and women's empowerment. CONCLUSION The DDEI scores highlight important gaps in key health and development sectors. The DDEI proved to be a reliable and internally consistent tool for effort measurement in key demographic dividend sectors. The DDEI can serve as a self-evaluation tool for local actors and may complement existing quantitative tools such as the Global Gender Gap and the Human Capital Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Christophe Rusatira
- Population Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carolina Cardona
- Population Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Martinez-Baack
- Population Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jose G Rimon
- Population Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saifuddin Ahmed
- Population Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chakrabarty D, Bhatia B, Jayasinghe M, Low D. Relative deprivation, inequality and the Covid-19 pandemic. Soc Sci Med 2023; 324:115858. [PMID: 36989836 PMCID: PMC10027304 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern that inequalities are hindering health outcomes. This paper's primary objective is to investigate the role of relative deprivation and inequality in explaining the daily spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. For this purpose, we use secondary cross-sectional data across 119 (developed and developing) countries from January 2020 – to April 2021. For the empirical analysis, we use a recent dynamic panel data modelling approach that allows us to identify the role of time-invariant variables such as degree of globalisation, political freedom and income inequality on the dynamics of the pandemic and fatality rates across countries. We find that new cases per million and fatality rates are highly persistent processes. After controlling for time-varying mobility statistics from the Google mobility database and region-specific dummy variables, the two significant factors that explain the severity of Covid-19 spread in a country are per-capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Yitzhaki's relative income deprivation index. Lagged value of new cases per million significantly explains cross-country variations in the daily case fatality rates. A higher proportion of the older population and pollution increased fatality rates while better medical infrastructure reduced it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Chakrabarty
- Asia Pacific College of Business and Law, Charles Darwin University, 21 Kitchener Dr. Waterfront, Darwin City, Northern Territory, 0800, Australia.
| | - Bhanu Bhatia
- Asia Pacific College of Business and Law, Charles Darwin University, 21 Kitchener Dr. Waterfront, Darwin City, Northern Territory, 0800, Australia.
| | - Maneka Jayasinghe
- Asia Pacific College of Business and Law, Charles Darwin University, 21 Kitchener Dr. Waterfront, Darwin City, Northern Territory, 0800, Australia.
| | - David Low
- Asia Pacific College of Business and Law, Charles Darwin University, 21 Kitchener Dr. Waterfront, Darwin City, Northern Territory, 0800, Australia.
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Celik EU, Omay T, Tengilimoglu D. Convergence of economic growth and health expenditures in OECD countries: Evidence from non-linear unit root tests. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1125968. [PMID: 37006593 PMCID: PMC10065192 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe relationship between human capital, health spending, and economic growth is frequently neglected in the literature. However, one of the main determinants of human capital is health expenditures, where human capital is one of the driving forces of growth. Consequently, health expenditures affect growth through this link.MethodsIn the study, these findings have been attempted to be empirically tested. Along this axis, health expenditure per qualified worker was chosen as an indicator of health expenditure, and output per qualified worker was chosen as an indicator of economic growth. The variables were treated with the convergence hypothesis. Due to the non-linear nature of the variables, the convergence hypothesis was carried out with non-linear unit root tests.ResultsThe analysis of 22 OECD countries from 1976 to 2020 showed that health expenditure converged for all countries, and there was a significant degree of growth convergence (except for two countries). These findings show that health expenditure convergence has significantly contributed to growth convergence.DiscussionPolicymakers should consider the inclusiveness and effectiveness of health policies while making their economic policies, as health expenditure convergence can significantly impact growth convergence. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this relationship and identify specific health policies most effective in promoting economic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esref Ugur Celik
- Department of Economics, School of Business, Atilim University, Ankara, Türkiye
- *Correspondence: Esref Ugur Celik
| | - Tolga Omay
- Department of Economics, School of Business, Atilim University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Masuda AD, Sortheix FM, Holtschlag C, Morales C. When gender is more likely to predict pay via self‐enhancement values and working hours: The role of country's level of gender inequality. Applied Psychology 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florencia M. Sortheix
- EADA Business School Barcelona Spain
- Faculty of Educational Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Claudia Holtschlag
- CENTRUM Católica Graduate Business School Lima Perú
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Lima Perú
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Jiang H, Huang Y. How do urban public health services affect rural migrant women's fertility intentions? A study based on the Mobile Population Dynamics Monitoring Survey in China. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:219. [PMID: 36882781 PMCID: PMC9990249 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health service is an important guarantee by the government to safeguard the health rights of rural migrant women. This not only concerns the health status of rural migrant women and their willingness to stay in the urban area but can also affect their fertility intention. This study systematically examined the impact of public health services on the fertility intentions of rural migrant women as well as the mechanisms, underlying these intentions based on the data from the 2018 China Migration Dynamics Monitoring Survey. Urban public health services, including health records management and health education, could effectively enhance the fertility intentions of rural migrant women. Furthermore, their health status and willingness to stay in urban areas were important mechanisms, by which, the public health services could influence the fertility intentions of rural migrant women. Additionally, urban public health services have a better effect on improving the fertility desire of rural migrant women who have no pregnancy experience, a low income level, and a short residence time in the inflow area. This study contributed to the examination and clarification of the policy effects of public health services on the fertility intentions of rural migrant women. Additionally, it also provided important evidence to support the government policies related to the optimization of the public health service system, improvement of the health status, citizenship, and fertility intentions of the rural migrant women, as well as the development of the uniform public health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Jiang
- School of Public Adiministration and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yanshuo Huang
- Business School of Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
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Elliott S. Remaking Home: Creative Practice as Part of Domesticity’s Changing Significance. Australian Feminist Studies 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2023.2183488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susie Elliott
- Digital Ethnography Research Centre (DERC), RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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Khatatbeh IN, Moosa IA. Financialisation and income inequality: An investigation of the financial Kuznets curve hypothesis among developed and developing countries. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14947. [PMID: 37151674 PMCID: PMC10161372 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Financial Kuznets Curve (FKC) is a variant of the renowned Kuznets Curve and a counterpart to the Environmental Kuznets Curve. In this paper, we examine the financial Kuznets curve hypothesis-based on annual data for 20 developed and developing countries-using the Phillips and Hansen (1990) fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and the unobserved components model (UCM). The results correspond to the current divergence in the empirical literature and show support for the inverted U-shaped curve as well as the U-shaped curve, in more than half of the sample countries. The estimated turning points differ significantly across countries and depending on the measure of financialisation used. Overall, the findings of this research suggest that there is no uniform effect of financialisation on income inequality. The results vary according to the level of economic development, financial structure, and potentially other factors that have not been considered in the empirical analysis provided in this paper.
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Braunerhjelm P, Lappi E. Employees' entrepreneurial human capital and firm performance. Research Policy 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2022.104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Soko NN, Kaitibie S, Ratna NN. Does institutional quality affect the impact of public agricultural spending on food security in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia? Global Food Security 2023; 36:100668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2022.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Efforts to conceptualize risk factors for postoperative delirium in older adults have focused on the time proximate to the episode, but how early-life exposures influence delirium risk is poorly understood. METHODS An observational cohort of 547 patients aged 70+undergoing major non-cardiac surgery at two academic medical centers in Boston. Demographic characteristics, cognition, parental education, health, and participation in cognitively stimulating activities were assessed prior to surgery. Delirium incidence and severity were measured daily during hospitalization. RESULTS Higher paternal education was associated with significantly lower incidence of delirium (X2(1, N =547)=8.35, p <.001; odds ratio OR=.93, 95% CI, .87 to .98) and inversely associated with delirium severity (r(545)=-.13, p <.001). Higher maternal education was associated with lower delirium incidence but did not reach statistical significance. The effect of paternal education on delirium incidence was independent of the patient's education, estimated premorbid intelligence, medical comorbidities, neighborhood disadvantage, and participation in cognitively stimulating activities (X2(2, N =547)=31.22, p <.001). CONCLUSIONS Examining early-life exposures may yield unique insights into the risks and pathogenesis of delirium. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Evaluating long-term factors that increase vulnerability to delirium may improve our ability to calculate risk. It may guide clinical decision-making and inform pre- and post-operative recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franchesca Arias
- Aging Brain Center, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Fan Chen
- Aging Brain Center, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
- Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at the Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
| | - Haley Shiff
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Edward R. Marcantonio
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Richard N. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, USA
| | - Eva M. Schmitt
- Aging Brain Center, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
| | - Eran Metzger
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Tamara G. Fong
- Aging Brain Center, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Thomas G. Travison
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at the Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sharon K. Inouye
- Aging Brain Center, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
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van der Wouden F, Youn H. The impact of geographical distance on learning through collaboration. Research Policy 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2022.104698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Adjei SB, Mpiani A. Decolonising Mind and Being Associated with Marriage: Perspectives from Ghana. Psychology and Developing Societies 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09713336231152311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Colonialism was not only a political imposition but also a cultural one that both affected and infected institutions and ways of knowing and being of colonised societies. The vestiges of colonial power that originated during the colonial period of European global domination persistently influence minds and behaviour associated with the institution of marriage through the axes of meta-colonialism, and represent forms of epistemic violence against indigenous people. The depiction of modern/colonial mentalities about marriage (e.g., the so-called White wedding) as an optimal expression of human nature and love—and thus a key to personal happiness—have become part of the Ghanaian/African cultural experience. For example, Eurocentric practice of White wedding has been systematically naturalised and pushed down on Ghanaian/African people as the most enlightened, valid and standard form of marriage, supplanting the indigenous and ancestral forms of knowledge and being associated with marriage. Drawing insights from cultural psychology, we discuss the coloniality of mind and being associated with marriage, particularly the popular practice of White wedding, and examine how marriage practices in Ghana have become associated with Western social, cultural and economic interests propagated by colonial discourses of modernity, social change and development. We argue that the valorisation of European White wedding and the inferiorisation of African traditional marriage practices are corollary of colonial and meta-colonial narratives that promote(d) White normativity. We posit that psychological knowledge and practice, informed by Western ontologies and epistemologies, provided ideological support for colonisation and the perpetration and perpetuation of scientific racism. We thus contend that, given its complicity, the present discipline of scientific psychology cannot be an effective tool to dismantle the ill-effects of past and present unequal power relationships that result(ed) from colonisation. A decolonial psychological science that enables critical consciousness and serves as a necessary catalyst for liberating minds and being is thus required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Baffour Adjei
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Kumasi, Ghana
- Centre for Suicide and Violence Research, Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra
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Cheng X, Fang Y, Zeng Y. How long can Chinese women work after retirement based on health level: Evidence from the CHARLS. Front Public Health 2023; 11:987362. [PMID: 36923039 PMCID: PMC10009266 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.987362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To further enhance the understanding of factors impacting female participation in the workforce based on health levels and to measure the excess work capacity of middle-aged and older female groups by residence and educational level. Methods Data of women aged 45-74 were accessed from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011, 2013, 2015, to 2018. The health status of women was comprehensively evaluated by single health variables and frailty index. A Probit model was used to measure the excess working capacity of women by region (rural/urban) and educational level, taking all women aged 45-49, rural women aged 45-49, and rural (illiterate) women in all age groups as the benchmark, respectively. Results The excess capacity of all Chinese women aged 50-64 is 1.9 years, and that of women aged 50-74 is 5.1 years. The excess work capacity of women in urban and rural areas and with different educational levels is heterogeneous. The excess working capacity of urban women aged 50-64 is 6.1-7.8 years, and that of urban women aged 50-74 is 9.8-14.9 years. The excess working capacity of urban women aged 50-64 is about 6 times that of rural women. The excess work capacity of highly educated women was 3 times higher than that of illiterate women. Conclusion The potential work capacity of Chinese women remains to be exploited, especially for urban and highly educated middle-aged and older women with better conditions of health, whose potential is more significant. A rational retirement policy for women and the progressive implementation of an equal retirement age for men and women will contribute to further advancement of gender equality and healthy aging in the workplace in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanbing Zeng
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bergman ME, Gaskins VA, Allen T, Cheung HK, Hebl M, King EB, Sinclair RR, Siuta RL, Wolfe C, Zelin AI. The Dobbs Decision and the Future of Occupational Health in the US. Occup Health Sci 2023; 7:1-37. [PMID: 36843836 PMCID: PMC9940085 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-023-00143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Access to abortion care has a profound impact on women's ability to participate in the workforce. In the US, restrictions on abortion care have waxed and waned over the years, including periods when abortion was broadly permitted across the nation for most pregnant people for a substantial proportion of pregnancy and times when restrictions varied across states, including states where abortion is banned for nearly all reasons. Additionally, access to abortion care has always been a reproductive justice issue, with some people more able to access this care than others even when it is structurally available. In June 2022, the US Supreme Court handed down the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, returning to states the ability to determine restrictions on abortion, including near-total bans on abortion. In this anthology, ten experts share their perspectives on what the Dobbs decision means for the future, how it will exacerbate existing, well-researched issues, and likely also create new challenges needing investigation. Some contributions are focused on research directions, some focus on implications for organizations, and most include both. All contributions share relevant occupational health literature and describe the effects of the Dobbs decision in context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy E. Bergman
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | | | - Tammy Allen
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XUniversity of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Ho Kwan Cheung
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Mikki Hebl
- grid.21940.3e0000 0004 1936 8278Rice University, Houston, TX USA
| | - Eden B. King
- grid.21940.3e0000 0004 1936 8278Rice University, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - Rose L. Siuta
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
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Peters S. The prospective power of personality for childbearing: a longitudinal study based on data from Germany. Genus 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41118-023-00184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe link between personality and fertility is relatively underexplored. Moreover, there are only a few studies focusing on the prospective association between personality and childbearing. However, none of these studies considered the Five-Factor Model (FFM), which is the most widely accepted measurement of personality. The present study fills this gap by examining the prospective association between the FFM and the hazard ratio of the first and the second childbirth in Germany. Analyses are based on recent data (2005–2017) from the Socio-economic Panel Study. Cox proportional hazard models are applied. Findings demonstrate that personality traits are associated with fertility. Extraversion is positively linked with the first childbirth, but is negatively associated with the second childbirth. These findings are mainly driven by males. Agreeableness is positively linked with the first childbirth across the total sample. Again, this correlation is mainly based on the findings for men, among whom a positive association between agreeableness and the second childbirth is also found. Among women, personality does not seem to be linked with the first childbirth. However, the risk of having a second child is found to be negatively associated with conscientiousness. My study adds to the current understanding of the personality–fertility association by exploring the impact of personality trait scores from the FFM on subsequent fertility behavior. However, further research is needed on the association between personality and childbearing; on the mechanisms through which personality affects fertility; and on how these links differ across cultures, among higher parities, and for births after re-partnering.
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25
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Rassati G, Battisti C. Detecting changes induced by industrialization on bird communities: a before–after comparison using diversity/dominance curves. COMMUNITY ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-023-00135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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26
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Tung LT, Hoang LN. Impact of R&D expenditure on economic growth: evidence from emerging economies. JSTPM 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/jstpm-08-2022-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
Emerging economies have been highlighted as an important growth source of the global economy. However, this group of countries has not received enough academic attention yet. Therefore, this study aims to identify the impact of research and development (R&D) expenditure on economic growth in emerging economies.
Design/methodology/approach
The theoretical framework of the production function is applied to quantitatively analyse the impact of R&D expenditure on economic growth with a sample of 29 emerging economies in the period between 1996 and 2019.
Findings
The panel cointegration test confirms the existence of long-run cointegration relationships between economic growth and independent variables in these emerging economies. Besides, the estimated results show that the national R&D expenditure has positive effects on economic growth from both direct and interaction dimensions. This evidence has filled the empirical research gap in the R&D-growth nexus in the case of emerging economies. Finally, while gross capital and education have positive impacts on growth, corruption has a harmful effect on economic growth in these countries.
Practical implications
The results highlight that policymakers should enhance R&D expenditure and R&D activities as the key national development strategy. The investment in R&D not only helps emerging economies avoid the middle-income trap but also pushes these countries to successfully join the group of developed countries.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is among the first to examine the impact of R&D expenditure on economic growth with a homogeneous sample of emerging economies. The results are obviously helpful for policymakers to use R&D as the key development strategy for supporting economic growth in emerging economies in the future.
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Rahmani Z, Yaghoubi S. Adult stem cell donor supply chain network design: a robust optimization approach. Soft comput 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-023-07830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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28
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Ding Z, Li W, Zhou X. Is the establishment of city commercial banks more efficient in promoting green innovation? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023. [PMID: 36735121 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Green innovation is an important way to realize the "double carbon" target, but financial support is necessary and important. This paper uses the multi-period difference-in-difference method to estimate the impact of city commercial banks on city green innovation. The data sample is the panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2019. Based on the empirical results, it can be concluded that city commercial banks can significantly promote green innovation, but have no significant contribution to the unbiased technological progress expressed by total factor productivity, i.e., overall innovation, while indicating that they are more efficient in promoting green innovation than overall innovation. This finding is still valid after a series of robustness, placebo, and parallel trend tests. After considering the moderating effect of environmental regulations, we find that market-incentive environmental regulation has a significant moderating effect on green innovation promotion, whereas command-control environmental regulation does not. On this basis, we propose policy recommendations to promote the development of city commercial banks; strengthen green innovation in central and western China, be both rigid and flexible in their approach to environmental regulation; and improve legal regulations.
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Klackl J, Ochoa DP, Du H, Jonas E, Kashima ES, Ah Gang GC, Kashima Y. A WEIRD Theory? On the Prevalence of Western Folk Theory of Social Change in the West and Asia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
According to Western folk theory of social change, modernization of societies causes them to become less warm but more competent over time. Since WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) societies are often at the forefront of modernization (with some exceptions, most notably China), these societies may also be most prone to internalizing this folk theory. In this research, we test this idea by making a comparison across a sample group of Western and Asian societies, using a self-report measure of perceived societal warmth and competence: The Social Change Perception Scale (SCPS). We found the scale to be metrically invariant among university students from a set of Western and Asian countries (United States, Australia, New Zealand, Austria, The Philippines, China, and Malaysia). In all seven countries, people expected their society to become more competent over time. In most countries, people also expected their society to become colder over time, although this tendency was slight and insignificant among New Zealanders and Americans. The perceived social cooling tended to be more prevalent in Asian countries rather than in Western countries. The countries’ degrees of WEIRDness, as reflected in their country-level indicators of individualism, education, industrialization, wealth, and democracy, did not adequately account for the observed variation. Though there is still much work to be done in applying the SCPS to broader samples and contexts, this study provides a starting point for measuring and understanding how people experience the social implications of modernization around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongfei Du
- Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, China
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Trias-Llimós S, Permanyer I. Cause-of-Death Diversity From a Multiple-Cause Perspective in the United States. Demography 2023; 60:73-98. [PMID: 36688513 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10410415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cause-of-death diversity captures the variability of deaths across causes and is an important marker of heterogeneity in a population's health. We contribute to the debate of cause-of-death diversity dynamics by following a novel multiple causes of death (MCOD) approach and applying it to the U.S. context between 2003 and 2018 and across education groups. Results show that cause-of-death diversity increased over this period, especially up to 2012. These trends were mainly driven by increases in the groups aged 65 years or more. The inclusion of MCOD resulted in higher increases in cause-of-death diversity over time compared with merely using underlying causes of death, except for the 85 or more age group, where no difference was observed for males and a reverted gradient was observed for females. Results by educational attainment reveal lower diversity among the highest educated groups and widening differences across groups from around 2012 onward. The clear educational gradient observed at ages 30-64 diminished at older ages. The observed increases in cause-of-death diversity should be monitored to better understand mortality dynamics in aging populations. Our new MCOD diversity measures suggest that traditional approaches relying on single causes of death might be underestimating cause-of-death diversity dynamics, particularly for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Trias-Llimós
- Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Iñaki Permanyer
- Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Wang CC, Lin JT, Chen DZ, Lo SC. A New Look at National Diversity of Inventor Teams within Organizations. J Informetr 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2022.101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Mohamed Kamal AL, AboElsoud ME. Modeling economic growth factors in Egypt: A quantile regression approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13143. [PMID: 36814631 PMCID: PMC9939547 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the sources of Egypt's economic growth over the course of four generations of reforms from 1991 to 2019. To examine the contribution of input factors to economic growth, we used the augmented Solow model, which includes both human and physical capital accumulation. Variables employed in the analysis are Gross Domestic Product, capital, productivity, human capital, and employment. The study uses quantile regression econometric modeling to examine the sources of growth in the Egyptian economy at various stages of reform and the convergence of income segmentations. Quantile Regression (QR) estimates for quantiles 0.1 through 0.9 showed varied results. Productivity's coefficient increased from 0.27 in Q1 to 0.60 in Q8 which means that productivity has clearly had a large impact on the higher stages of economic growth. In addition, the higher income segmentations we go, the higher impact of productivity it gets. However, Capital and Human Capital go in the opposite direction where coefficients of capital deteriorated gradually from 0.3 in Q1 to 0.1 in Q9, and coefficients of human capital decreased from 0.15 for Q1 to reach 0.04 for Q9. Therefore, the main culprit behind this phenomenon is the deficiency in the savings rate and the increase in the population growth rate. For labor, its coefficient is negative all the time. It declined from -1.03 for Q1 to -1.46 for Q9. It indicates that the Egyptian economy is filled with disguised unemployment and exhausts all its potential for job creation. Moreover, this evidence indicates that productivity and human capital accumulation have become the most important sources of growth. The weak growth performance is attributed to the deficiency of investment in both physical and human capitals. Furthermore, the findings show that economic growth is closely linked to trends in human capital, productivity, and capital, all of which are heavily influenced by savings volatility and population growth rates. Therefore, the Egyptian economy's economic growth cycle is determined by savings and population growth rates. When these rates become in the trends enabling human capital, productivity, and capital to boom, strong capital accumulation appears and boosts economic growth and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmonem Lotfy Mohamed Kamal
- Department of Finance and Investment, Faculty of Business Administration, Economics, and Information System, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Egypt
| | - Mostafa E. AboElsoud
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Commerce, Suez Canal University, Egypt,Department of Economics, Faculty of Business Administration, Economics & Political Science, The British University in Egypt, Egypt,Corresponding author. Department of Economics, Faculty of Commerce, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
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33
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Albora G, Pietronero L, Tacchella A, Zaccaria A. Product progression: a machine learning approach to forecasting industrial upgrading. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1481. [PMID: 36707529 PMCID: PMC9880377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Economic complexity methods, and in particular relatedness measures, lack a systematic evaluation and comparison framework. We argue that out-of-sample forecast exercises should play this role, and we compare various machine learning models to set the prediction benchmark. We find that the key object to forecast is the activation of new products, and that tree-based algorithms clearly outperform both the quite strong auto-correlation benchmark and the other supervised algorithms. Interestingly, we find that the best results are obtained in a cross-validation setting, when data about the predicted country was excluded from the training set. Our approach has direct policy implications, providing a quantitative and scientifically tested measure of the feasibility of introducing a new product in a given country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giambattista Albora
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Zaccaria
- Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy.
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi-CNR, UOS Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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34
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Ud Din MA, Dar MH, Haseen S. Inter-state disparities in government health expenditure in India: a study of national rural health mission. IJHG 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/ijhg-12-2022-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThe study aims to compare India's public health expenditure at the international and state levels. The paper also empirically examines the regional disparities in NRHM spending across the 21 selected states of India.Design/methodology/approachThe tools of absolute β-and σ-convergence are used in the analysis to test the regional convergence. The average annual growth rate across the states is the dependent variable for β-convergence, and time is the second dependent variable but is used for s-convergence. In contrast, the initial value of NRHM expenditure and the coefficient of variation of NRHM expenditure are used as independent variables, respectively. Descriptive statistics are also used for the study. The data are annual and cover the panel from 2007 to 2020.FindingsThe study attests to the hypothesis of β-and σ-convergence for the selected states in the period mentioned. The observed convergence in NRHM expenditure is due to the shift in the government's attention from the non-high focus high focus states to high states through the national rural health mission policy. The coefficient of variation across the states also shows a declining trend and provides the robustness of the σ-convergence.Originality/valueAs far as the literature is concerned, none of the existing studies examines the convergence of a public health expenditure scheme like the National Rural Health Mission across the Indian states by applying the techniques of β-and σ-convergence. The novelty of the study is using the newly updated dataset and validating the convergence hypotheses in the National Rural Health Mission expenditure case.
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35
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Huang JT, Krupenkin M, Rothschild D, Lee Cunningham J. The cost of anti-Asian racism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nat Hum Behav 2023. [PMID: 36658211 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Chinese sentiment increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, presenting as a considerable spike in overt violence and hatred directed at Asian American individuals. However, it is less clear how subtle patterns of consumer discrimination, which are difficult to directly observe yet greatly impact Asian American livelihoods, changed through the pandemic. Here we examine this in the context of restaurants-ubiquitous small businesses that sell goods that are closely entwined with ethnicity. Using a series of surveys, online search trends and consumer traffic data, we find that Asian restaurants experienced an 18.4% decrease in traffic (estimated US$7.42 billion lost revenue in 2020) relative to comparable non-Asian restaurants, with greater decreases in areas with higher levels of support for Donald Trump. Our findings are consistent with the roles of collective blame, out-group homogeneity and ethnic misidentification in explaining how anti-China rhetoric can harm the Asian American community, underlining the importance of avoiding racism and stigmatization in political and public health communications.
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36
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Lal KK, Majumdar S. Language as Ethnicity: Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the MEIM-R in a Multi-ethnic Population in India. Psychol Stud 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-022-00702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Gu R, Li C, Yang Y, Zhang J, Liu K. Impact of digital economy development on carbon emission intensity in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: a mechanism analysis based on industrial structure optimization and green innovation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023. [PMID: 36637645 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Under the "Digital China" strategy and "Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality" goal, it is significant to explore the carbon reduction effect from the digital economy development in a multi-dimensional way. Based on the panel data of 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from 2011 to 2019, this study uses mechanism test model, threshold effect model, and spatial Durbin model which empirically test the influence mechanism and spatial spillover effect of digital economy development on regional CEI. The research found that (1) the digital economy development in the BTH region can reduce regional CEI, and it passes the endogenous test; (2) the digital economy indexes of 13 cities in the BTH region have significantly increased with time evolution, but there is obvious spatial unevenness; the CEI of each city except Tianjin decreases significantly with time evolution, and Tianjin shows a trend of decreasing and then increasing; (3) digital economy has a positive spatial correlation, showing the characteristics of "H-H" and "L-L" clustering. Furthermore, the digital economy has a spatial spillover effect on the CEI of neighboring cities; (4) the digital economy development can promote the industrial structure rationalization and upgrade, improves the urban green innovation quantity and quality, then reduces the regional CEI through them; and (5) the impact strength of digital economy on CEI varies at different threshold intervals of the mechanism variable.
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Bernstein SF, Sasson I. Black and white differences in subjective survival expectations: An evaluation of competing mechanisms. SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101339. [PMID: 36785548 PMCID: PMC9918793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While black-white inequality in longevity is well documented in the United States, little is known about how individuals from different race/ethnic groups form their own personal survival expectations. Prior research has found that despite having higher mortality, blacks on average report higher survival expectations relative to whites. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examined racial differences in subjective survival expectations across birth cohorts and provide explanatory mechanisms. We find that blacks-men in particular-were overly optimistic about their survival, but this effect had waned with successive birth cohorts. Furthermore, whereas subjective survival expectations and actual survival were correlated among white men, among black men the most optimistic fared worst. Blacks and whites differed not only in their response patterns, but also in how they weighed the different factors (socioeconomic, psychosocial, health, parental longevity) associated with expected survival. Importantly, those who estimated their survival probability with certainty had positive psychosocial characteristics, irrespective of race, but only whites had better health. These findings underscore the importance of group differences in subjective survival expectations as another potential form of inequality. Racial differences in how long individual expect to live may account for differences in social and economic behavior and outcomes, irrespective of actual longevity differentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna Fae Bernstein
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel,Corresponding author.
| | - Isaac Sasson
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel,Herczeg Institute on Aging, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Wen Y, Song P, Gao C, Yang D. Economic openness, innovation and economic growth: Nonlinear relationships based on policy support. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12825. [PMID: 36685397 PMCID: PMC9852656 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether economic openness (EO) is conducive to promoting economic growth has become a common concern of many scholars and policymakers in China. Based on the panel sample data of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2018, this paper adopts an empirical model to test the relationship between EO and regional economic growth. The study identifies that expanding EO increases regional economic growth. After dealing with endogeneity issues, the results remain robust. The results of the mediation effect model show that technological innovation is an important channel for EO to accelerate economic growth. With the improvement of regional economic development, the benefits of EO will increase. However, its positive effect has slowed down in regions with very high levels of economic development. The outbreak of the financial crisis has weakened the driving force of EO on economic growth, while the Belt and Road Initiative has strengthened the positive impact of EO. In addition, when introducing the threshold variable of policy support to examine the nonlinear relationship between variables, it is found that deepening the policy intensity will significantly improve economic growth due to the benefits of EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wen
- School of Economics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingting Song
- Accounting School, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Gao
- China Economics and Management Academy, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Deyong Yang
- School of Economics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Soltwisch BW, Dimitrov D, Hojnik J. How decision-styles and cultural orientation influence entrepreneurial and social entrepreneurial intentions: A cross-cultural comparison. Front Psychol 2023; 13:988815. [PMID: 36687957 PMCID: PMC9849695 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.988815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates how maximizing or satisficing decision styles and cultural orientation influence individuals' entrepreneurial intentions. With a growing interest in social entrepreneurship, it also measures if these factors encourage individuals to start ventures with a social mission. Two studies are conducted to compare students' entrepreneurial intentions in the U.S. and in Slovenia. By identifying that maximizing decision styles are associated with an individualistic cultural orientation in both the U.S. and Slovenia, the current study indicates that the maximizing - individualism connection spans national and cultural boundaries. In the U.S. sample, individualism mediated the relationship between decision styles and entrepreneurial intentions, suggesting that in individualistic cultures, such as the U.S., those who maximize their decision efforts and apply a more individualistic cultural perspective are especially inclined to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities. Similarly, individualism mediated the relationship between maximizing and social entrepreneurial intentions in the U.S. sample; suggesting that maximizers who are less individualistic may be more likely to start social enterprises over traditional ventures. Among the Slovenian sample, there was a marginally significant relationship between maximizing and entrepreneurial intentions and no relationship with social entrepreneurial intentions. These cross-cultural differences are discussed in relation to the economic and social conditions in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon William Soltwisch
- Monfort College of Business, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Brandon William Soltwisch, ✉
| | - Daniela Dimitrov
- Monfort College of Business, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States
| | - Jana Hojnik
- Department of Management, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
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41
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Fang Y, Ma T, Wu M, Tsuei SHT. Mitigating donor interests in the case of COVID-19 vaccine: the implication of COVAX and DAC membership. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-010188. [PMID: 36642442 PMCID: PMC9842600 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 vaccine donation process allegedly prioritised national interests over humanitarian needs. We thus examined how donors allocated vaccines by recipient country needs versus donor national interests and how such decisions varied across donation channels (bilateral vs COVAX with country earmarking) or exposure to foreign aid norms (membership status in the Development Assistance Committee-DAC). METHODS We used the two-part regression model to examine how the probability of becoming a recipient country and the volume of vaccines received were associated with recipient countries' needs (disease burden and GDP per capita), donor countries' interests (bilateral trade volume and voting distance in the United Nations General Assembly) and recipient countries' population size. The analysis further interacted the determinants with channel and DAC status. RESULTS Donors preferentially selected countries with higher disease burden, lower GDP per capita, closer trade relations, more different voting preferences, and smaller populations. Compared with bilateral arrangements, COVAX encouraged more needs-based considerations (lower GDP per capita), less interest-based calculus (more distant economic relations and voting preferences) and larger population size. Compared with the DAC counterparts, the non-DAC donors focused more on politically and economically aligned countries but also on less economically developed countries. As for the volume of vaccines donated, countries received more vaccines if they had tighter trade relations with donors, more different voting patterns than donors, and larger populations. COVAX was associated with raising the volumes of vaccines to politically distant countries, and non-DAC donors donated more to countries with stronger trade relations and political alignment. CONCLUSION Donors consider both recipient needs and national interests when allocating COVID-19 vaccines. COVAX and DAC partially mitigated donors' focus on domestic interests. Future global health aid can similarly draw on multilateral and normative arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Fang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyue Ma
- Centre for International Knowledge on Development, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Sian Hsiang-Te Tsuei
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA .,Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Wu Y. Do political incentives promote or inhibit corporate social responsibility? The role of local officials' tenure. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283183. [PMID: 36930614 PMCID: PMC10022816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The existing literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) drivers focuses on firm- and institution-level factors and rarely on the role of political incentives. Public officials control enormous resources in China, and their political incentives substantially shape certain firm behaviors. As CSR is one of the critical measures that the central government uses to evaluate the performance of local government, local officials have the incentive to channel firms into accomplishing their political goals. Correspondingly, local firms may strategically implement CSR to build a good relationship with local governments. This study investigates the impact of local officials' political incentives (measured by tenure) on firms' CSR. Using a panel of publicly listed Chinese firms covering 2009-2019, it documents a U-shaped effect of government officials' tenure on the CSR performance of firms within their jurisdiction. To wit, the firm's CSR decreases first and then increases with the growth of tenure. Moreover, this U-shaped effect will be strengthened in regions with a high priority of gross domestic product (GDP) growth and will be weakened in regions with good market development. In addition, there is no significant evidence that party officials' tenure affects firms' CSR. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the political determinants of CSR in emerging markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Wu
- Department of Business Management, School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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43
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Ofori PE, Asongu SA, Tchamyou VS, Salahodjaev R. The synergy between governance and trade openness in promoting female economic inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa. Women's Studies International Forum 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2022.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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44
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Meisenberg G, Lynn R. Ongoing trends of human intelligence. Intelligence 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2022.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Mwakalila E. Income inequality: a recipe for youth unemployment in Africa. SN Bus Econ 2023; 3:15. [PMCID: PMC9748399 DOI: 10.1007/s43546-022-00394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Youth unemployment is a problem in Africa such that young people face almost double the unemployment rate as adults. With the booming population on the rise, youth unemployment can turn into a major catastrophe in the continent if not addressed. This study presents empirical evidence on how income inequality accelerates the problem. The study uses panel data from 42 African countries spanning 29 years from 1991 to 2020. The dependent variable is youth unemployment, and the independent variable is income inequality. The control variables are gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, population growth, political stability, foreign direct investment, gross capital formation, and political stability. The study employs the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) model for estimations. The results imply that income inequality positively impacts African youth unemployment, which varies across different income levels. Therefore, measures must be formulated to combat income inequality, such as increasing productivity among small-scale farmers, robust social protection programs, minimum wages, and better access to financial services for young people on the continent.
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46
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Shi Z, Chen H, Chen K. Does the economic growth target overweight induce more polluting activities? Evidence from China. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282675. [PMID: 36881585 PMCID: PMC9990941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, official promotion evaluation based on economic performance motivates local governments to develop high economic growth targets, which has played an active role in boosting China's economic growth in the past decades, whereas its environmental consequences have not been fully exploited. This paper finds that the economic growth target overweight has a stronger positive impact on the output of high-polluting industries than on the output of low-polluting industries, thus inducing more polluting activities. To deal with the issues of reverse causality and omitted variables bias, we take an instrumental variable approach. Examining mechanisms, we show that economic growth target overweight promotes polluting activities through the deregulation of the polluting activities in high-polluting industries. We also find an increase in the impact of the economic growth target overweight after the 2008 global economic crisis. Our study provides new evidence for explaining the dual presence of rapid economic growth and heavy environmental pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongwen Chen
- School of Tourism, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kunxian Chen
- School of Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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47
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Masood SMU, Özcan R, Khan AUI. Till debt does us apart: Cross-country evidence on the relationship between microfinance prevalence and social distrust. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282072. [PMID: 36888582 PMCID: PMC9994719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Economic interventions have social consequences. In this paper, we explore one such relationship, between microfinance intensity and social distrust levels reported by the low-income people. We find a significant association between microfinance intensity in a country and distrust among the poor as well as ultra-poor in cross-section using World Values Survey & European Values Survey (WVS-EVS) Wave 7 (2017-2022). We supplement these findings using empirical Bayes on a panel extending back from 7th to the 4th WVS wave (1999-2004). To deal with potential endogeneity, we run 2SLS as well as weak instruments-robust conditional instrumental variable tests and find evidence showing microfinance prevalence intensity affects distrust levels among the poor and ultra-poor households. We find no association between microfinance and distrust levels in the rich in any of the tests, potentially because the rich are not exposed to microfinance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasim Özcan
- Department of Economics, Ibn Haldun University, Başakşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Asad ul Islam Khan
- Department of Economics, Ibn Haldun University, Başakşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
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Huyen NT, Nghi PH, Phuong ĐTL, Trang TTT, Huyen LT. Public Debt and Prosperity Nexus in Asian Countries: Nonlinearity and Threshold Analysis. J Organ Behav Res 2023. [DOI: 10.51847/tw5g65dco8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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49
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Aman A, Khan MA, Khan MA, Haider A, Oláh J, Fenyves V. Role of institutions in promoting finance in emerging markets: A panel data analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280849. [PMID: 36952556 PMCID: PMC10035861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in institutions have garnered much attention in recent years as one of the primary reasons for long-term economic performance, and a vast corpus of theoretical and empirical research demonstrates that financial development can have a substantial impact on economic and financial performance. In fast-growing emerging markets, the demand for financial services has considerably increased, which amplified the need for an efficient regulatory framework to deal with the sensitive nature of financial activities. Surprisingly, the existing literature on the impact of institutions and finance is focused on developed economies, while emerging markets are rarely focused on. Since emerging markets are becoming increasingly important as a result of the swift evolution of institutional and financial transformation, it is crucial to examine how the growth of financial markets reacts to institutional quality. This study investigates the role of institutions in promoting finance in emerging economies using the balanced panel dataset of 21 emerging market. Given the endogenous relationship between institutions and finance, the paper applies a two-stage least squares estimator to test the settler mortality hypothesis in this context. Aligned with theoretical intuition, the empirical result shows that settler mortality is a relevant instrument to institutions. Furthermore, the study performs robustness, using framework that deals with heterogeneity, and cross-section dependence. This empirical effort validates La Porta's Law and Finance Hypothesis in the context of emerging markets. The results of the study are found robust across the variety of alternative measures of institutions and finance, and standard error correction specifications. Therefore, the study offers useful insight into policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfia Aman
- Department of Finance, College of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Asif Khan
- Department of Commerce, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Kotli, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Arshad Khan
- College of Administration and Financial Science, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsanuddin Haider
- College of Administration and Financial Science, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Judit Oláh
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Veronika Fenyves
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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50
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Davis HE, Gurven M, Cashdan E. Navigational Experience and the Preservation of Spatial Abilities into Old Age Among a Tropical Forager-Farmer Population. Top Cogn Sci 2023; 15:187-212. [PMID: 35170860 PMCID: PMC10078734 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Navigational performance responds to navigational challenges, and both decline with age in Western populations as older people become less mobile. But mobility does not decline everywhere; Tsimané forager-farmers in Bolivia remain highly mobile throughout adulthood, traveling frequently by foot and dugout canoe for subsistence and social visitation. We, therefore, measured both natural mobility and navigational performance in 305 Tsimané adults, to assess differences with age and to test whether greater mobility was related to better navigational performance across the lifespan. Daily mobility was measured by GPS tracking, regional mobility through interview, navigational performance through pointing accuracy and perspective taking in environmental space, and mental rotation by a computerized task. Although mental rotation and spatial perspective taking declined with age, mobility and pointing accuracy remained high from mid-life through old age. Greater regional mobility was associated with greater accuracy at pointing and perspective taking, suggesting that spatial experience at environmental scales may help maintain navigational performance in later adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Davis
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara
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