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Gonçalves JM, Bastos ARN, Ribeiro SJL, Carlos LD, Longo RL, Caiut JMA, Ferreira RAS. Thermal properties of nanofluids using hydrophilic and hydrophobic LiYF 4:Yb/Er upconverting nanoparticles. Nanoscale Adv 2024; 6:1486-1496. [PMID: 38419868 PMCID: PMC10898443 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01114c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Luminescent nanoparticles have shown great potential for thermal sensing in bio-applications. Nonetheless, these materials lack water dispersibility that can be overcome by modifying their surface properties with water dispersible molecules such as cysteine. Herein, we employ LiYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) capped with oleate or modified with cysteine dispersed in cyclohexane or in water, respectively, as thermal probes. Upconversion emission was used to sense temperature with a relative thermal sensitivity of ∼1.24% K-1 (at 300 K) and a temperature uncertainty of 0.8 K for the oleate capped and of 0.5 K for cysteine modified NPs. To study the effect of the cysteine modification in the heat transfer processes, the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids was determined, yielding 0.123(6) W m-1 K-1 for the oleate capped UCNPs dispersed in cyclohexane and 0.50(7) W m-1 K-1 for the cysteine modified UCNPs dispersed in water. Moreover, through the heating curves, the nanofluids' thermal resistances were estimated, showing that the cysteine modification partially prevents heat transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M Gonçalves
- Department of Physics, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto 14040-900 Brazil
| | - Ana R N Bastos
- Department of Physics, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal
| | - Sidney J L Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista «Júlio de Mesquisa Filho» Araraquara 14800-060 Brazil
| | - L D Carlos
- Department of Physics, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal
| | - Ricardo L Longo
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife PE 50740-540 Brazil
| | - José Maurício A Caiut
- Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto 14040-900 Brazil
| | - Rute A S Ferreira
- Department of Physics, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal
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Zhao X, Guo Y, Lu S, Hui Y, Yin L, Yang Z, Li B, Guo X, Wang X. Design of Refined Quaternary Electrolyte LiF-LiCl-LiBr-LiI Used for the Liquid Metal Battery. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300546. [PMID: 38009821 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The advanced electrolyte of liquid metal battery should have low melting point, low ionic solubility, low viscosity, high electric and thermal conductivities, and a suitable density between anode and cathode for declining the operating temperature and realizing the goal of saving-energy. In this study, an excellent quaternary LiF-LiCl-LiBr-LiI (9.1 : 30.0 : 21.7 : 39.2) electrolyte is refined by using thermodynamic models to balance various properties of LiX (X=F, Cl, Br, I) and meet the requirement of advanced electrolyte of liquid metal battery. The refined properties of electrolyte correspond to 2.398 g/cm3 for density, 0.286 mol% for solubility, 4.486 Ohm-1 cm-1 for ionic conductivity, and 0.609 W m-1 for thermal conductivity. The measured melting point is 609.1 K, which is lower than the current operating temperature of 723 K for the lithium-based liquid metal battery. The refined electrolyte consisted by quaternary halide molten-salt provides important references for preparing the advanced liquid metal battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yongquan Guo
- School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shuo Lu
- Senior Engineer S Lu, YZ Hui, China United Test & Certification Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Yuzheng Hui
- School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
- Senior Engineer S Lu, YZ Hui, China United Test & Certification Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Linhan Yin
- School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Baorang Li
- School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xinpeng Guo
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinqiao Wang
- Institute of Advanced Structural Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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3
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Kempf I, Schneider U. Monte Carlo model for ion mobility and diffusion for characteristic electric fields in nanodosimetry. Z Med Phys 2024; 34:140-152. [PMID: 36803393 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of the effects of space radiation for manned spaceflight can be approximated by nanodosimetric measurements. For the development of nanodosimetric detectors, a Monte Carlo model for ion mobility and diffusion for characteristic electric fields is presented. This model can be used to describe the interactions of ions in their parent gas based solely on commonly known input parameters, such as the ionization potential, kinetic diameter, molar mass, and polarizability of the gas. A model for approximating the resonant charge exchange cross section has been proposed, requiring only the ionization energy and mass of the parent gas as input parameters. The method proposed in this work was tested against experimental drift velocity data for a wide range of gases (helium, neon, nitrogen, argon, krypton, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, propane). The transverse diffusion coefficients were compared to experimental values for helium, nitrogen, neon, argon, and propane gas. With the Monte Carlo code and resonant charge exchange cross section approximation model presented in this work, it is now possible to calculate an estimate of the drift velocities, transverse diffusion, and thus the ion mobility of ions in their parent gas. This is essential for further nanodosimetric detector development, as those parameters are often not well known for the gas mixtures used in nanodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kempf
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Uwe Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Radiotherapy Hirslanden, Witellikerstrasse 40, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Chaparro G, Müller EA. Simulation and Data-Driven Modeling of the Transport Properties of the Mie Fluid. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:551-566. [PMID: 38181201 PMCID: PMC10801693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the computation and modeling of the self-diffusivity (D*), shear viscosity (η*), and thermal conductivity (κ*) of the Mie fluid. The transport properties were computed using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations for the Mie fluid with repulsive exponents (λr) ranging from 7 to 34 and at a fixed attractive exponent (λa) of 6 over the whole fluid density (ρ*) range and over a wide temperature (T*) range. The computed database consists of 17,212, 14,288, and 13,099 data points for self-diffusivity, shear viscosity, and thermal conductivity, respectively. The database is successfully validated against published simulation data. The above-mentioned transport properties are correlated using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Two modeling approaches were tested: a semiempirical formulation based on entropy scaling and an empirical formulation based on density and temperature as input variables. For the former, it was found that a unique formulation based on entropy scaling does not yield satisfactory results over the entire density range due to a divergent and incorrect scaling of the transport properties at low densities. For the latter empirical modeling approach, it was found that regularizing the data, e.g., modeling ρ*D* instead of D*, ln η* instead of η*, and ln κ* instead of κ*, as well as using the inverse of the temperature as an input feature, helps to ease the interpolation efforts of the artificial neural networks. The trained ANNs can model seen and unseen data over a wide range of density and temperature. Ultimately, the ANNs can be used alongside equations of state to regress effective force field parameters from volumetric and transport data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Chaparro
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Erich A. Müller
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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Andrews T, Seravallic J, Powers R. The reversible low-temperature instability of human DJ-1 oxidative states. Biopolymers 2024; 115:e23534. [PMID: 36972340 PMCID: PMC10948107 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
DJ-1 is a homodimeric protein that is centrally involved in various human diseases including Parkinson disease (PD). DJ-1 protects against oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction through a homeostatic control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). DJ-1 pathology results from a loss of function, where ROS readily oxidizes a highly conserved and functionally essential cysteine (C106). The over-oxidation of DJ-1 C106 leads to a dynamically destabilized and biologically inactivated protein. An analysis of the structural stability of DJ-1 as a function of oxidative state and temperature may provide further insights into the role the protein plays in PD progression. NMR spectroscopy, circular dichroism, analytical ultracentrifugation sedimentation equilibrium, and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to investigate the structure and dynamics of the reduced, oxidized (C106-SO2 - ), and over-oxidized (C106-SO3 - ) forms of DJ-1 for temperatures ranging from 5°C to 37°C. The three oxidative states of DJ-1 exhibited distinct temperature-dependent structural changes. A cold-induced aggregation occurred for the three DJ-1 oxidative states by 5°C, where the over-oxidized state aggregated at significantly higher temperatures than both the oxidized and reduced forms. Only the oxidized and over-oxidized forms of DJ-1 exhibited a mix state containing both folded and partially denatured protein that likely preserved secondary structure content. The relative amount of this denatured form of DJ-1 increased as the temperature was lowered, consistent with a cold-denaturation. Notably, the cold-induced aggregation and denaturation for the DJ-1 oxidative states were completely reversible. The dramatic changes in the structural stability of DJ-1 as a function of oxidative state and temperature are relevant to its role in PD and its functional response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Javier Seravallic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0664, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304, USA
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664,USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304, USA
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Medina Restrepo M, Myers EG. Mass Difference of Tritium and Helium-3. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:243002. [PMID: 38181130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.243002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
From cyclotron frequency ratios of HD^{+}/^{3}He^{+}, HD^{+}/T^{+}, and T^{+}/^{3}He^{+} we measure the mass difference between atoms of T and ^{3}He to be 1.995 940 8 (23)×10^{-5} u, corresponding to a Q value for tritium β decay of 18 592.071(22) eV. This enables an improved check on systematics of β decay experiments that set limits on neutrino mass. Using the HD^{+} mass calculated from the atomic masses of the proton and deuteron as given by Rau et al. [Nature 585, 43 (2020)NATUAS0028-083610.1038/s41586-020-2628-7], we also obtain improved atomic masses for the triton and helion (considered to be fundamental constants), namely, 3.015 500 716 066 (39) and 3.014 932 246 957 (38) u.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmund G Myers
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA
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Anikin A, Danilov A, Glazov D, Kotov A, Solovyev D. Light antiproton one-electron quasi-molecular ions within the relativistic A-DKB method. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:214304. [PMID: 38051101 DOI: 10.1063/5.0181614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, two quasi-molecular compounds each involving one antiproton and one electron (p̄), He+-p̄ and H-p̄, are investigated. Using completely relativistic calculations within the finite-basis method adapted to systems with axial symmetry, the adiabatic potential curves are constructed by numerically solving the two-center Dirac equation. The binding energies of electron are obtained as a function of the inter-nuclear distance and compared with the corresponding nonrelativistic values and relativistic leading-order corrections calculated in the framework of other approaches. A semantic analysis of antiproton quasi-molecular ions with compounds containing a proton (p) instead of an antiproton is given. The advantages of the A-DKB method are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anikin
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvorets, Oulianovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- D. I. Mendeleev Institute for Metrology, St. Petersburg 190005, Russia
| | - A Danilov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvorets, Oulianovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Glazov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvorets, Oulianovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Kotov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvorets, Oulianovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Solovyev
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvorets, Oulianovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institut," St. Petersburg, Gatchina 188300, Russia
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Liu QH, Tan Y, Cheng CF, Hu SM. Precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27914-27925. [PMID: 37843424 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements on the hydrogen molecule are of fundamental importance in understanding molecular theory. Comparison of accurate experimental data and theoretical results are used to test the quantum electrodynamics theory and determine physical constants used in the calculation. We review recent advances and perspectives in the precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen, representing state-of-the-art molecular spectroscopy methods and cutting-edge high-precision calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hao Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Cun-Feng Cheng
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Shui-Ming Hu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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Lang J, Garberoglio G, Przybytek M, Jeziorska M, Jeziorski B. Three-body potential and third virial coefficients for helium including relativistic and nuclear-motion effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23395-23416. [PMID: 37548243 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01794j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The non-additive three-body interaction potential for helium was computed using the coupled-cluster theory and the full configuration interaction method. The obtained potential comprises an improved nonrelativistic Born-Oppenheimer energy and the leading relativistic and nuclear-motion corrections. The mean absolute uncertainty of our calculations due to the incompleteness of the orbital basis set was determined employing complete-basis-set extrapolation techniques and was found to be 1.2%. For three helium atoms forming an equilateral triangle with the side length of 5.6 bohr - a geometry close to the minimum of the total potential energy surface - our three-body potential amounts to -90.6 mK, with an estimated uncertainty of 0.5 mK. An analytic function, developed to accurately fit the computed three-body interaction energies, was chosen to correctly describe the asymptotic behavior of the three-body potential for trimer configurations corresponding to both the three-atomic and the atom-diatom fragmentation channels. For large triangles with sides r12, r23, and r31, the potential takes correctly into account all angular terms decaying as r-l12 r-m23 r-n21 with l + m + n ≤ 14 for the nonrelativistic Born-Oppenheimer energy and l + m + n ≤ 9 for the post-Born-Oppenheimer corrections. We also developed a short-range analytic function describing the local behavior of the total uncertainty of the computed three-body interaction energies. Using both fits we calculated the third pressure and acoustic virial coefficients for helium and their uncertainties for a wide range of temperatures. The results of these calculations were compared with available experimental data and with previous theoretical determinations. The estimated uncertainties of present calculations are 3-5 times smaller than those reported in the best previous works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Lang
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Giovanni Garberoglio
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (FBK-ECT*), Strada delle Tabarelle 286, I-38123, Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (INFN-TIFPA), via Sommarive 14, I-38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Michał Przybytek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Bogumił Jeziorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Thorpe JH, Feller D, Bross DH, Ruscic B, Stanton JF. Sub 20 cm -1 computational prediction of the CH bond energy - a case of systematic error in computational thermochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21162-21172. [PMID: 36200428 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03964h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bond dissociation energy of methylidyne, D0(CH), is studied using an improved version of the High-Accuracy Extrapolated ab initio Thermochemistry (HEAT) approach as well as the Feller-Peterson-Dixon (FPD) model chemistry. These calculations, which include basis sets up to nonuple (aug-cc-pCV9Z) quality, are expected to be capable of providing results substantially more accurate than the ca. 1 kJ mol-1 level that is characteristic of standard high-accuracy protocols for computational thermochemistry. The calculated 0 K CH bond energy (27 954 ± 15 cm-1 for HEAT and 27 956 ± 15 cm-1 for FPD), along with equivalent treatments of the CH ionization energy and the CH+ dissociation energy (85 829 ± 15 cm-1 and 32 946 ± 15 cm-1, respectively), were compared to the existing benchmarks from Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT), uncovering an unexpected difference for D0(CH). This has prompted a detailed reexamination of the provenance of the corresponding ATcT benchmark, allowing the discovery and subsequent correction of a systematic error present in several published high-level calculations, ultimately yielding an amended ATcT benchmark for D0(CH). Finally, the current theoretical results were added to the ATcT Thermochemical Network, producing refined ATcT estimates of 27 957.3 ± 6.0 cm-1 for D0(CH), 32 946.7 ± 0.6 cm-1 for D0(CH+), and 85 831.0 ± 6.0 cm-1 for IE(CH).
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Thorpe
- The Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
| | - David Feller
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
- University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, USA
| | - David H Bross
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - Branko Ruscic
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - John F Stanton
- The Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
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Miebach K, Finger M, Scherer AMK, Maaß CA, Büchs J. Hydrogen online monitoring based on thermal conductivity for anaerobic microorganisms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2199-2213. [PMID: 37462090 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
H2 -producing microorganisms are a promising source of sustainable biohydrogen. However, most H2 -producing microorganisms are anaerobes, which are difficult to cultivate and characterize. While several methods for measuring H2 exist, common H2 sensors often require oxygen, making them unsuitable for anaerobic processes. Other sensors can often not be operated at high gas humidity. Thus, we applied thermal conductivity (TC) sensors and developed a parallelized, online H2 monitoring for time-efficient characterization of H2 production by anaerobes. Since TC sensors are nonspecific for H2 , the cross-sensitivity of the sensors was evaluated regarding temperature, gas humidity, and CO2 concentrations. The systems' measurement range was validated with two anaerobes: a high H2 -producer (Clostridium pasteurianum) and a low H2 -producer (Phocaeicola vulgatus). Online monitoring of H2 production in shake flask cultivations was demonstrated, and H2 transfer rates were derived. Combined with online CO2 and pressure measurements, molar gas balances of the cultivations were closed, and an anaerobic respiration quotient was calculated. Thus, insight into the effect of medium components and inhibitory cultivation conditions on H2 production with the model anaerobes was gained. The presented online H2 monitoring method can accelerate the characterization of anaerobes for biohydrogen production and reveal metabolic changes without expensive equipment and offline analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Miebach
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maurice Finger
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jochen Büchs
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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12
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Schulthess I, Fratangelo A, Hautle P, Heil P, Markaj G, Persoz M, Pistillo C, Thorne J, Piegsa FM. A Ramsey apparatus for proton spins in flowing water. J Magn Reson 2023; 353:107496. [PMID: 37320959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present an apparatus that applies Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields to proton spins in water molecules. The setup consists of a water circuit, a spin polarizer, a magnetically shielded interaction region with various radio frequency elements, and a nuclear magnetic resonance system to measure the spin polarization. We show that this apparatus can be used for Rabi resonance measurements and to investigate magnetic and pseudomagnetic field effects in Ramsey-type precision measurements with a sensitivity below 100 pT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Schulthess
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Anastasio Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hautle
- Laboratory for Neutron and Muon Instrumentation (LIN), Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Heil
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gjon Markaj
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Persoz
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ciro Pistillo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Thorne
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian M Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Yao HT, Lorenz R, Hofacker IL, Stadler PF. Mono-valent salt corrections for RNA secondary structures in the ViennaRNA package. Algorithms Mol Biol 2023; 18:8. [PMID: 37516881 PMCID: PMC10386259 DOI: 10.1186/s13015-023-00236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA features a highly negatively charged phosphate backbone that attracts a cloud of counter-ions that reduce the electrostatic repulsion in a concentration dependent manner. Ion concentrations thus have a large influence on folding and stability of RNA structures. Despite their well-documented effects, salt effects are not handled consistently by currently available secondary structure prediction algorithms. Combining Debye-Hückel potentials for line charges and Manning's counter-ion condensation theory, Einert et al. (Biophys J 100: 2745-2753, 2011) modeled the energetic contributions of monovalent cations on loops and helices. RESULTS The model of Einert et al. is adapted to match the structure of the dynamic programming recursion of RNA secondary structure prediction algorithms. An empirical term describing the salt dependence of the duplex initiation energy is added to improve co-folding predictions for two or more RNA strands. The slightly modified model is implemented in the ViennaRNA package in such way that only the energy parameters but not the algorithmic structure is affected. A comparison with data from the literature show that predicted free energies and melting temperatures are in reasonable agreement with experiments. CONCLUSION The new feature in the ViennaRNA package makes it possible to study effects of salt concentrations on RNA folding in a systematic manner. Strictly speaking, the model pertains only to mono-valent cations, and thus covers the most important parameter, i.e., the NaCl concentration. It remains a question for future research to what extent unspecific effects of bi- and tri-valent cations can be approximated in a similar manner. AVAILABILITY Corrections for the concentration of monovalent cations are available in the ViennaRNA package starting from version 2.6.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Ting Yao
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ronny Lorenz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo L Hofacker
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Research Group Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 29, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
- Competence Center for Scalable Data Services and Solutions Dresden/Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), and Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Augustusplatz 12, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Inselstraße 22, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad National de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Ciudad Universitaria, 111321, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., NM87501, Santa Fe, USA.
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14
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Owusu JP, Karalis K, Prasianakis NI, Churakov SV. Diffusion and Gas Flow Dynamics in Partially Saturated Smectites. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2023; 127:14425-14438. [PMID: 37529667 PMCID: PMC10389780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Clays and clay rocks are considered good natural and engineered barriers for deep geological disposal of nuclear waste worldwide. Metal corrosion and organic waste degradation in underground repositories generate significant amounts of gas that should be able to migrate through the multibarrier system to avoid potential pressure buildup, which could be compromising the integrity of the barriers and host rocks. The gas is expected to accumulate in larger pores and eventually form an interconnected network. Under such conditions, the migration of gas molecules takes place both in pore water films and gas-filled macropores. Therefore, mass fluxes depend on the distribution of gas molecules between the water-rich and gas-rich phases and their mobility in both compartments. Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the mobilities of He, H2, CO2, Ar, and CH4 in a Na-montmorillonite mesopore as a function of the degree of saturation, as well as evaluate the hydrodynamic behavior of the pore fluid in partially saturated clays. The diffusivity of the gas molecules was determined by observing the asymptotic behavior of the mean square displacement in the gas-rich phase and at the gas-water interface. The partition coefficient and Gibbs free energy were analyzed to investigate the transfer of gas molecules between the gas-rich and water-rich phases by observing the molecular trajectories as they cross the vapor-liquid interface. The results revealed that the diffusion coefficient in the gas phase increased with increasing gas-filled pore width and converged asymptotically toward the diffusion coefficient in the bulk state. It could be shown that the diffusion coefficient of gas molecules dissolved in the water films remained constant as long as the interacting water surface was in the bulk-liquid-like phase. This behavior changes in very thin water films. It was observed that the partitioning coefficient of gas molecules at the solid-liquid interface is nearly the same as that in the bulk-liquid-like phase. Partitioning is observed to be strongly dependent on the temperature and gas molecular weights. In the second part of the study, nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations were performed to investigate the mobility of gases in pressure-driven decoupled gas-phase dynamics (DGPD) and coupled gas and water phase dynamics (CGWPD) in a partially saturated Na-montmorillonite slit mesopore. The dynamic viscosity of the gas phase was calculated from NEMD simulations and indicated that the viscosity of the gas phase was almost the same in both methods (DGPD and CGWPD). The average slip length for gas molecules at the gas-water interface was also calculated, revealing that the slip-free boundary condition assumed in continuum models is generally invalid for microfluidics and that a slip boundary condition exists at the microscale for specific surface interactions. Finally, a Bosanquet-type equation was developed to predict the diffusion coefficient and dynamic viscosity of gas as a function of the average pore width, gas mean-free path, geometric factor, and thickness of the adsorbed water film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry P. Owusu
- Laboratory
for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute
of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sergey V. Churakov
- Laboratory
for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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15
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Chen MS, Lee J, Ye HZ, Berkelbach TC, Reichman DR, Markland TE. Data-Efficient Machine Learning Potentials from Transfer Learning of Periodic Correlated Electronic Structure Methods: Liquid Water at AFQMC, CCSD, and CCSD(T) Accuracy. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:4510-4519. [PMID: 36730728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining the atomistic structure and dynamics of disordered condensed-phase systems from first-principles remains one of the forefront challenges of chemical theory. Here we exploit recent advances in periodic electronic structure and provide a data-efficient approach to obtain machine-learned condensed-phase potential energy surfaces using AFQMC, CCSD, and CCSD(T) from a very small number (≤200) of energies by leveraging a transfer learning scheme starting from lower-tier electronic structure methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for liquid water by performing both classical and path integral molecular dynamics simulations on these machine-learned potential energy surfaces. By doing this, we uncover the interplay of dynamical electron correlation and nuclear quantum effects across the entire liquid range of water while providing a general strategy for efficiently utilizing periodic correlated electronic structure methods to explore disordered condensed-phase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Hong-Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Timothy C Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York10010, United States
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Thomas E Markland
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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16
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Teurtrie A, Perraudin N, Holvoet T, Chen H, Alexander DTL, Obozinski G, Hébert C. espm: A Python library for the simulation of STEM-EDXS datasets. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 249:113719. [PMID: 37003127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
We present two open-source Python packages: "electron spectro-microscopy" (espm) and "electron microscopy tables" (emtables). The espm software enables the simulation of scanning transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy datacubes, based on user-defined chemical compositions and spatial abundance maps of constituent phases. The simulation process uses X-ray emission cross-sections generated via state-of-the-art calculations made with emtables. These tables are designed to be easily modifiable, either manually or using espm. The simulation framework is designed to test the application of decomposition algorithms for the analysis of STEM-EDX spectrum images with access to a known ground truth. We validate our approach using the case of a complex geology-related sample, comparing raw simulated and experimental datasets and the outputs of their non-negative matrix factorization. In addition to testing machine learning algorithms, our packages will also help experimental design, for instance, predicting dataset characteristics or establishing minimum counts needed to measure nanoscale features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Teurtrie
- Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics (IPHYS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; Unité Matériaux et Transformations, UMR-CNRS 8207, Université de Lille, Cité scientifique, Bâtiment C6, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Nathanaël Perraudin
- Swiss Data Science Center, EPFL & ETH Zürich, Turnerstrasse 1, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Holvoet
- Swiss Data Science Center, EPFL & ETH Zürich, Turnerstrasse 1, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hui Chen
- Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics (IPHYS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Duncan T L Alexander
- Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics (IPHYS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Obozinski
- Swiss Data Science Center, EPFL & ETH Zürich, Turnerstrasse 1, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Hébert
- Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics (IPHYS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Materials (IMX), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Krbec J, Vondráček P, Králík T, Konopík P, Junek P, Hromádka J, Hron M, Pánek R. Material selection for cryogenically cooled toroidal field coils of the COMPASS-U tokamak. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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18
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Philo JS. SEDNTERP: a calculation and database utility to aid interpretation of analytical ultracentrifugation and light scattering data. Eur Biophys J 2023; 52:233-266. [PMID: 36792822 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-023-01629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Proper interpretation of analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) data for purified proteins requires ancillary information and calculations to account for factors such as buoyancy, buffer viscosity, hydration, and temperature. The utility program SEDNTERP has been widely used by the AUC community for this purpose since its introduction in the mid-1990s. Recent extensions to this program (1) allow it to incorporate data from diffusion as well as AUC experiments; and (2) allow it to calculate the refractive index of buffer solutions (based on the solute composition of the buffer), as well as the specific refractive increment (dn/dc) of proteins based on their composition. These two extensions should be quite useful to the light scattering community as well as helpful for AUC users. The latest version also adds new terms to the partial specific volume calculations which should improve the accuracy, particularly for smaller proteins and peptides, and can calculate the viscosity of buffers containing heavy isotopes of water. It also uses newer, more accurate equations for the density of water and for the hydrodynamic properties of rods and disks. This article will summarize and review all the equations used in the current program version and the scientific background behind them. It will tabulate the values used to calculate the partial specific volume and dn/dc, as well as the polynomial coefficients used in calculating the buffer density and viscosity (most of which have not been previously published), as well as the new ones used in calculating the buffer refractive index.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Philo
- Alliance Protein Laboratories, San Diego, CA, USA.
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19
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Sonje J, Thakral S, Krueger S, Suryanarayanan R. Enabling Efficient Design of Biological Formulations Through Advanced Characterization. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1459-1477. [PMID: 36959413 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The present review summarizes the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scattering techniques in the context of protein formulation design and characterization. The scattering techniques include wide angle X-ray diffractometry (XRD), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). While DSC is valuable for understanding thermal behavior of the excipients, XRD provides critical information about physical state of solutes during freezing, annealing and in the final lyophile. However, as these techniques lack the sensitivity to detect biomolecule-related transitions, complementary characterization techniques such as small-angle scattering can provide valuable insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Sonje
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- BioTherapeutics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 1 Burtt Road, Andover, USA
| | - Seema Thakral
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Susan Krueger
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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20
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Więckowski M, Królikowski M, Żywólko M, Scheller Ł, Dzida M. Examination of eutectic phase change materials composed of diols and ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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21
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Mohebali H, Moussavi G, Karimi M, Giannakis S. Development of a magnetic Ce-Zr bimetallic MOF as an efficient catalytic ozonation mediator: Preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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22
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Duggal H, Singh G, Kapil A, Mehta D, Kumar S. Elemental and Chemical Phase Analyses of Ras-Family Ayurvedic Medicinal Products. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:3099-3116. [PMID: 35982259 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen Ayurvedic medicines of Ras-family (herbo-mineral-metallic preparations) from three reputed manufactures were analysed for elemental quantification and their chemical phase identification using the energy-dispersive (ED) and wavelength-dispersive (WD) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, respectively. The low-Z elements C, H, N, S and O constituting a major portion of these medicines were also determined by CHNSO analyser and further used as input for XRF analyses. The elements of concern, Hg, Pb and As, are identified in different medicine products with disquiet concentration values (maximum concentration values range ~ 4-10%) and that too with substantial variations in the products from different manufacturers. These elements are identified mainly in the cinnabar (α-HgS)/metacinnabar (β-HgS), litharge (PbO) and alacranite (As4S4) phases in different medicines. Keeping in view the high concentration of chemicals of the Hg, Pb and As elements in the Ras-family medicines, it is vitally required to investigate their bioaccessibility and surmise the associated toxicological aspects. It is suggested that the formation of the bioaccessible toxic chemical forms of the Hg, Pb and As elements be avoided during preparation of the mineral ingredients or these soluble chemical forms be removed at suitable stage of the preparation. In view of large variations observed for the Hg, Pb and As based ingredients in the Ras family Ayurvedic medicine products from different manufacturers, adequate quality control mechanisms and production regulations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Duggal
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gurjot Singh
- Department of Physics, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India
| | - Ashutosh Kapil
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - D Mehta
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Physics, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32 C, Chandigarh, India.
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23
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Xu J. Hydrodynamics and liquid–liquid mass transfer in gas–liquid–liquid three-phase flow in a cross microchannel. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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24
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Chen Y, Zeng B, Long L, Shao Q, Liu Z, Wu F, Xie P. A novel strategy using sulfite for bromate control during UV/persulfate oxidation of bromide-containing waters. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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25
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Fronduti M, Del Giacco T, Rossi E, Tiecco M, Germani R. Insights into the structural features of deep eutectic solvents: the eutectic point as an unicum in their physical properties and the surface tension as a method for its determination. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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26
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Cui D, Zhang A, Li X, Cai X, Chen J, Zou Y. An assessment of scenarios for transuranic burning and 233U production in a small molten chloride fast reactor. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2023; 185:109719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2023.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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27
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Guerra A, Mathews S, Su JT, Marić M, Servio P, Rey AD. Molecular dynamics predictions of transport properties for carbon dioxide hydrates under pre-nucleation conditions using TIP4P/Ice water and EPM2, TraPPE, and Zhang carbon dioxide potentials. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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28
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Ni Y, Yue W, Liu F, Bi W, Sun Z, Wu Y. Efficient electrochemical oxidation of cephalosporin antibiotics by a highly active cerium doped PbO2 anode: Parameters optimization, kinetics and degradation pathways. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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29
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Bullis RG, Rasor C, Tavis WL, Johnson SA, Weiss MR, Yost DC. Ramsey Spectroscopy of the 2S_{1/2} Hyperfine Interval in Atomic Hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:203001. [PMID: 37267576 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.203001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The 2S_{1/2} hyperfine interval in atomic hydrogen was measured using Ramsey spectroscopy with a thermal beam cooled to cryogenic temperatures. The measured value is 177 556 838.87(85) Hz, which represents the most precise determination of this interval to date. The 1S_{1/2} hyperfine interval f(1S_{1/2}) and the 2S_{1/2} hyperfine interval f(2S_{1/2}) can be combined to give the quantity D_{21}=8f(2S_{1/2})-f(1S_{1/2}), which mostly eliminates uncertainty due to nuclear structure effects and is well described by bound-state quantum electrodynamics. Using the value of f(2S_{1/2}) from this work gives a value of D_{21}^{expt}=48 959.2(6.8) Hz, which is in agreement with the theoretical value of D_{21}^{Theory}=48 954.1(2.3) Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Bullis
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - C Rasor
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - W L Tavis
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - S A Johnson
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - M R Weiss
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - D C Yost
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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30
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Obstbaum T, Sivan U. Charge regulation indicates water expulsion from silica surface by cesium cations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:825-833. [PMID: 36791480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Since the discovery of the Hofmeister effect in 1888, the varied propensity of ions to proteins, DNA and other surfaces has motivated research aimed at deciphering the underlying ion specific adsorption mechanism. Experimental and numerical studies have shown that in agreement with Collins' heuristic law of matching water affinity, weakly hydrated (chaotropic) ions adsorb preferentially to hydrophobic surfaces. Here, we show that this preference is driven by expulsion of bound water molecules from the surface by the adsorbing ions. EXPERIMENTS Using AFM spectroscopy of the force acting between two silica surfaces, we characterize surface charge regulation by adsorbed Na+ and Cs+ ions at different salt concentrations, pH values and temperatures. These data are analyzed in the framework of a recent theory of charge regulation, relating it to change in surface entropy. FINDINGS Upon binding to the silica, cesium cations expel water molecules from the surface to create additional adsorption sites for more ions. Cs+ adsorption is thus driven by the release of hydrating water molecules and the resulting increased surface entropy. The model indicates that on average, the binding of three cesium cations releases enough water molecules to make room for two additional bound cations. Na+ does not exhibit such behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Obstbaum
- Department of Physics and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Uri Sivan
- Department of Physics and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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31
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Shen K, Nguyen M, Sherck N, Yoo B, Köhler S, Speros J, Delaney KT, Shell MS, Fredrickson GH. Predicting surfactant phase behavior with a molecularly informed field theory. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:84-98. [PMID: 36736121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The computational study of surfactants and self-assembly is challenging because 1) models need to reflect chemistry-specific interactions, and 2) self-assembled structures are difficult to equilibrate with conventional molecular dynamics. We propose to overcome these challenges with a multiscale simulation approach where relative entropy minimization transfers chemically-detailed information from all-atom (AA) simulations to coarse-grained (CG) models that can be simulated using field-theoretic methods. Field-theoretic simulations are not limited by intrinsic physical time scales like diffusion and allow for rigorous equilibration via free energy minimization. This approach should enable the study of properties that are difficult to obtain by particle-based simulations. SIMULATION WORK We apply this workflow to sodium dodecylsulfate. To ensure chemical fidelity we present an AA force field calibrated against interfacial tension experiments. We generate CG models from AA simulation trajectories and show that particle-based and field-theoretic simulations of the CG model reproduce AA simulations and experimental measurements. FINDINGS The workflow captures the complex balance of interactions in a multicomponent system ultimately described by an atomistic model. The resulting CG models can study complex 3D phases like double or alternating gyroids, and reproduce salt effects on properties like aggregation number and shape transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara 93106, CA, United States; Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara 93106, CA, United States.
| | - My Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara 93106, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Sherck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara 93106, CA, United States
| | - Brian Yoo
- BASF Corporation, Tarrytown 10591, NY, United States
| | | | - Joshua Speros
- California Research Alliance (CARA) by BASF, Berkeley 94720, CA, United States
| | - Kris T Delaney
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara 93106, CA, United States
| | - M Scott Shell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara 93106, CA, United States.
| | - Glenn H Fredrickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara 93106, CA, United States; Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara 93106, CA, United States; Department of Materials Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara 93106, CA, United States.
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32
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Elliott A, McAllister J, Long DL, Song YF, Miras HN. Pore "Softening" and Emergence of Breathability Effects of New Keplerate Nano-Containers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218897. [PMID: 36812050 PMCID: PMC10946700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of porous molecular nanocapsules offer unique opportunities to investigate a range of interesting phenomena and applications. However, to design nanocapsules with pre-defined properties, thorough understanding of their structure-property relation is required. Here, we report the self-assembly of two elusive members of the Keplerate family, [Mo132 Se60 O312 (H2 O)72 (AcO)30 ]42- {Mo132 Se60 } 1 and [W72 Mo60 Se60 O312 (H2 O)72 (AcO)30 ]42- {W72 Mo60 Se60 } 2, that have been synthesised using pentagonal and dimeric ([Mo2 O2 Se2 ]2+ ) building blocks and their structures have been confirmed via single crystal X-ray diffractions. Our comparative study involving the uptake of organic ions and the related ligand exchange of various ligand sizes by the {Mo132 Se60 } and previously reported Keplerates {Mo132 O60 }, {Mo132 S60 } based on the ligand exchange rates, revealed the emergence of increased "breathability" that dominates over the pore size as we transition from the {Mo132 S60 } to the "softer" {Mo132 Se60 } molecular nano-container.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Elliott
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - James McAllister
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - De-Liang Long
- School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Yu-Fei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Fechter T, Villablanca R, Leontijevic V, Martin A, Jaeger P, Cocero MJ. Interfacial tension of water near to critical conditions by using the pendant drop method: New experimental data and a correlation based on the parachor method. J Supercrit Fluids 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2023.105899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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34
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Li S, Wang F, Xie Z, Ng D, Shen B. A novel core-shell structured Fe@CeO2-ZIF-8 catalyst for the reduction of NO by CO. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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35
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Deng Y, Guo Q, Fang D, Xiang Y, Ma W. A numerical study on the levitation system for droplet preparation in a fuel-coolant interaction experiment. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2023; 159:104639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2023.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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36
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Mohammadian E, Hadavimoghaddam F, Kheirollahi M, Jafari M, Chenlu X, Liu B. Probing Solubility and pH of CO2 in aqueous solutions: Implications for CO2 injection into oceans. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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37
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Ramos B, Ferreira LB, Palharim PH, Metolina P, Gusmão CDA, Teixeira ACSC. A continuous photo-Fenton-like process using persulfate salts for the degradation of acetaminophen under solar irradiation at circumneutral pH. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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38
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Yue W, Li X, Jing J, Qi J, Dai S, Lu H, Huang Z. The green CO2-controllable fatty acid-based deep eutectic solvents for sustainable oil separation. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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39
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Rath MC, Keny SJ, Upadhyaya HP, Adhikari S. Free radical induced degradation and computational studies of hydroxychloroquine in aqueous solution. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023; 206:110785. [PMID: 36685709 PMCID: PMC9840095 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a potential drug molecule for treating malaria. Recently it has also been tried as adjustment in Covid 19 therapy. Interaction of HCQ with free radicals is very important, which controls its stability in the environment where free radicals are generated unintentionally. In this report, we present detailed investigation on the reactions of hydrated electrons (eaq -) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) with HCQ in aqueous solution through electron pulse radiolysis technique and computational studies. The degradation of HCQ was found to be faster in the case of reaction with •OH radicals. However, the degradation could be substantially slowed down in the presence of antioxidants like ascorbic acid and gallic acid. This revealed that the stability of HCQ could be enhanced in an oxidative environment in the presence of these two compounds, which are easily available through food supplements. Various global and local reactivity parameters are also determined to understand the reactivity trend using Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) principle in the realm of the DFT methods. Computational studies were performed to elucidate the site-specific reactivity trend towards the electrophilic and nucleophilic attack by calculating the condensed Fukui index for various species of HCQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhab C. Rath
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Mumbai, 400 094, India,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 094, India,Corresponding author. Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | | | - Hari P. Upadhyaya
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Mumbai, 400 094, India,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - Soumyakanti Adhikari
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 094, India,Scientific Information Resource Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
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40
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Aimetta A, Moscheni M, Singh L, Marsden C, Scarabosio A, Sertoli M, Sladkomedova A, Subba F, Varje J, Wu H. Forward modelling of Dα camera view in ST40 informed by experimental data. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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41
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Poškas R, Račkaitis K, Poškas P, Jouhara H. The numerical analysis of the impact of CASTOR-1500 cask model simplifications on temperature distribution in the cask. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2023.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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42
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Traechtler J, Fuetterer M, Albannay MM, Hoh T, Kozerke S. Considerations for hyperpolarized 13 C MR at reduced field: Comparing 1.5T versus 3T. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1945-1960. [PMID: 36598063 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In contrast to conventional MR, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is not linearly dependent on field strength in hyperpolarized MR, as polarization is generated outside the MR system. Moreover, field inhomogeneity-induced artifacts and other practical limitations associated with field strengths ≥ $$ \ge $$ 3T are alleviated at lower fields. The potential of hyperpolarized 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C spectroscopy and imaging at 1.5T versus 3T is demonstrated in silico, in vitro, and in vivo for applications on clinical MR systems. THEORY AND METHODS Theoretical noise and SNR behavior at different field strengths are investigated based on simulations. A thorough field comparison between 1.5T and 3T is performed using thermal and hyperpolarized 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C spectroscopy and imaging. Cardiac in vivo data is obtained in pigs using hyperpolarized [1- 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C]pyruvate spectroscopy and imaging at 1.5T and 3T. RESULTS Based on theoretical considerations and simulations, the SNR of hyperpolarized MR at identical acquisition bandwidths is independent of the field strength for typical coil setups, while adaptively changing the acquisition bandwidth proportional to the static magnetic field allows for net SNR gains of up to 40% at 1.5T compared to 3T. In vitro 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C data verified these considerations with less than 7% deviation. In vivo feasibility of hyperpolarized [1- 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C]pyruvate dynamic metabolic spectroscopy and imaging at 1.5T is demonstrated in the pig heart with comparable SNR between 1.5T and 3T while B 0 $$ {}_0 $$ artifacts are noticeably reduced at 1.5T. CONCLUSION Hyperpolarized 13 $$ {}^{13} $$ C MR at lower field strengths is favorable in terms of SNR and off-resonance effects, which makes 1.5T a promising alternative to 3T, especially for clinical cardiac metabolic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Traechtler
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Fuetterer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed M Albannay
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Hoh
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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43
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Simić ZV, Radović IR, Stijepović MZ, Lj. Kijevčanin M. Liquid-liquid equilibria of the ternary systems water + C1 – C3 alcohols + dimethyl adipate at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure: Experimental data and modeling. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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44
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Garofalini SH, Lentz J. Subpicosecond Molecular Rearrangements Affect Local Electric Fields and Auto-Dissociation in Water. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3392-3401. [PMID: 37036747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular simulations of auto-dissociation of water molecules in an 81,000 atom bulk water system show that the electric field variations caused by local bond length and angle variations enhance proton transfer within ∼600 fs prior to auto-dissociation. In this paper, auto-dissociation relates to the initial separation of a proton from a water molecule to another, forming the H33O+ and OH- ions. Only transfers for which a proton's initial nearest covalently bonded oxygen remained the same for at least 1 ps prior to the transfer and for which that proton's new nearest acceptor oxygen remained the same for at least 1 ps after the transfer were evaluated. Electric fields from solvent atoms within 6 Å of a transferring proton (H*) are dominant, with little contribution from farther molecules. However, exclusion of the accepting oxygen in such electric field calculations shows that the field on H* from the other solvent atoms weakens as the time to transfer becomes less than 600 fs, indicating the primary importance of the accepting oxygen on enabling auto-dissociation. All resultant OH- and H3O+ ion pairs recombined at times greater than 1 ps after auto-dissociation. A concentration of 8.01 × 1017 cm-3 for these ion pairs was observed. The simulations indicate that transient auto-dissociation in water is more common than that inferred from dc-conductivity experiments (10-5 vs 10-7) and is consistent with the results of calculations that include nuclear quantum effects. The conductivity experiments require the rearrangement of farther water molecules to form hydrogen-bonded "water wires" that afford long-range and measurable proton transport away from the reaction site. Nonetheless, the relatively large number of picosecond-lived auto-dissociation products might be engineered within 2D layers and oriented external fields to offer new energy-related systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Garofalini
- Department of Matserials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, United States
| | - Jesse Lentz
- Department of Matserials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, United States
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45
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Zhu L, Huang J, Meng G, Wu T, Chen C, Tian H, Chen Y, Kong F, Chang Z, Cui X, Shi J. Active site recovery and N-N bond breakage during hydrazine oxidation boosting the electrochemical hydrogen production. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1997. [PMID: 37032360 PMCID: PMC10083172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Substituting hydrazine oxidation reaction for oxygen evolution reaction can result in greatly reduced energy consumption for hydrogen production, however, the mechanism and the electrochemical utilization rate of hydrazine oxidation reaction remain ambiguous. Herein, a bimetallic and hetero-structured phosphide catalyst has been fabricated to catalyze both hydrazine oxidation and hydrogen evolution reactions, and a new reaction path of nitrogen-nitrogen single bond breakage has been proposed and confirmed in hydrazine oxidation reaction. The high electro-catalytic performance is attributed to the instantaneous recovery of metal phosphide active site by hydrazine and the lowered energy barrier, which enable the constructed electrolyzer using bimetallic phosphide catalyst at both sides to reach 500 mA cm-2 for hydrogen production at 0.498 V, and offer an enhanced hydrazine electrochemical utilization rate of 93%. Such an electrolyzer can be powered by a bimetallic phosphide anode-equipped direct hydrazine fuel cell, achieving self-powered hydrogen production at a rate of 19.6 mol h-1 m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhu
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Ge Meng
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Han Tian
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yafeng Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Fantao Kong
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Chang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhi Cui
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China.
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
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46
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Zhang H, Wu B, Liu J, Liu Z, Boi FS, He D, Irifune T, Lei L. High-Pressure Coupling Reactions to Produce a Spherical Bulk Re xN/Fe 3N Composite. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6263-6273. [PMID: 37032490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel high-pressure coupling (HPC) reaction that couples the nitridation of Re with high-pressure solid-state metathesis (HPSSM) of Fe3N to produce a spherical bulk RexN/Fe3N composite. Compared with conventional methods, upon coupling of the HPSSM reactions, the synthetic pressure for Re nitridation was successfully reduced from 13 to 10 GPa (for Re3N) and from 20 to 15 GPa (for Re2N). The product RexN species would be surrounded by product Fe3N, resulting in a spherical bulk RexN/Fe3N composite (x = 2 or 3). The composite exhibits a soft magnetic behavior, and the content of nitrogen in RexN (x = 2 or 3) was controlled by adjusting the P-T conditions. The HPC reaction establishes a new approach for the bulk synthesis of 5d transition metal nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyuan Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Filippo S Boi
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Duanwei He
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tetsuo Irifune
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Li Lei
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Abstract
Combustion is a reactive oxidation process that releases energy bound in chemical compounds used as fuels─energy that is needed for power generation, transportation, heating, and industrial purposes. Because of greenhouse gas and local pollutant emissions associated with fossil fuels, combustion science and applications are challenged to abandon conventional pathways and to adapt toward the demand of future carbon neutrality. For the design of efficient, low-emission processes, understanding the details of the relevant chemical transformations is essential. Comprehensive knowledge gained from decades of fossil-fuel combustion research includes general principles for establishing and validating reaction mechanisms and process models, relying on both theory and experiments with a suite of analytic monitoring and sensing techniques. Such knowledge can be advantageously applied and extended to configure, analyze, and control new systems using different, nonfossil, potentially zero-carbon fuels. Understanding the impact of combustion and its links with chemistry needs some background. The introduction therefore combines information on exemplary cultural and technological achievements using combustion and on nature and effects of combustion emissions. Subsequently, the methodology of combustion chemistry research is described. A major part is devoted to fuels, followed by a discussion of selected combustion applications, illustrating the chemical information needed for the future.
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Silvestrelli PL. Transport properties in liquids from first-principles: The case of liquid water and liquid argon. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:134503. [PMID: 37031126 DOI: 10.1063/5.0144353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear and bulk viscosities of liquid water and argon are evaluated from first-principles in the density functional theory (DFT) framework, by performing molecular dynamics simulations in the NVE ensemble and using the Kubo–Greenwood equilibrium approach. The standard DFT functional is corrected in such a way to allow for a reasonable description of van der Waals effects. For liquid argon, the thermal conductivity has been also calculated. Concerning liquid water, to our knowledge, this is the first estimate of the bulk viscosity and of the shear-viscosity/bulk-viscosity ratio from first-principles. By analyzing our results, we can conclude that our first-principles simulations, performed at a nominal average temperature of 366 to guarantee that the systems are liquid-like, actually describe the basic dynamical properties of liquid water at about 330 K. In comparison with liquid water, the normal, monatomic liquid Ar is characterized by a much smaller bulk-viscosity/shear-viscosity ratio (close to unity) and this feature is well reproduced by our first-principles approach, which predicts a value of the ratio in better agreement with experimental reference data than that obtained using the empirical Lennard-Jones potential. The computed thermal conductivity of liquid argon is also in good agreement with the experimental value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Luigi Silvestrelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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49
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Schaefer D, Kohns M, Hasse H. Molecular modeling and simulation of aqueous solutions of alkali nitrates. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:134508. [PMID: 37031112 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of molecular models for the alkali nitrates (LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, and CsNO3) in aqueous solutions is presented and used for predicting the thermophysical properties of these solutions with molecular dynamics simulations. The set of models is obtained from a combination of a model for the nitrate anion from the literature with a set of models for the alkali cations developed in previous works of our group. The water model is SPC/E and the Lorentz–Berthelot combining rules are used for describing the unlike interactions. This combination is shown to yield fair predictions of thermophysical and structural properties of the studied aqueous solutions, namely the density, the water activity and the mean ionic activity coefficient, the self-diffusion coefficients of the ions, and radial distribution functions, which were studied at 298 K and 1 bar; except for the density of the solutions of all five nitrates and the activity properties of solutions of NaNO3, which were also studied at 333 K. For calculating the water the activity and the mean ionic activity coefficient, the OPAS ( osmotic pressure for the activity of selvents) method was applied. The new models extend an ion model family for the alkali halides developed in previous works of our group in a consistent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schaefer
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), RPTU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kohns
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), RPTU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans Hasse
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), RPTU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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50
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Ho PJ, Ray D, Lehmann CS, Fouda AEA, Dunford RW, Kanter EP, Doumy G, Young L, Walko DA, Zheng X, Cheng L, Southworth SH. X-ray induced electron and ion fragmentation dynamics in IBr. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:134304. [PMID: 37031139 DOI: 10.1063/5.0145215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the inner-shell decay processes in molecules containing heavy elements is key to understanding x-ray damage of molecules and materials and for medical applications with Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides. The 1s hole states of heavy atoms can be produced by absorption of tunable x rays and the resulting vacancy decays characterized by recording emitted photons, electrons, and ions. The 1s hole states in heavy elements have large x-ray fluorescence yields that transfer the hole to intermediate electron shells that then decay by sequential Auger-electron transitions that increase the ion’s charge state until the final state is reached. In molecules, the charge is spread across the atomic sites, resulting in dissociation to energetic atomic ions. We have used x-ray/ion coincidence spectroscopy to measure charge states and energies of I q+ and Br q′+ atomic ions following 1s ionization at the I and Br K-edges of IBr. We present the charge states and kinetic energies of the two correlated fragment ions associated with core-excited states produced during the various steps of the cascades. To understand the dynamics leading to the ion data, we develop a computational model that combines Monte-Carlo/Molecular-Dynamics (MC/MD) simulations with a classical over-the-barrier model to track inner-shell cascades and redistribution of electrons in valence orbitals and nuclear motion of fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phay J. Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Dipanwita Ray
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C. Stefan Lehmann
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Adam E. A. Fouda
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Robert W. Dunford
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Elliot P. Kanter
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Donald A. Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xuechen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Stephen H. Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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