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Sun Y, Zhu C, Huang L, Luo C, Ju P, Chen J. Identification of key modules in metabolic syndrome induced by second-generation antipsychotics based on co-expression network analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:723-731. [PMID: 38292473 PMCID: PMC10826125 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) frequently cause metabolic syndrome (MetS), which raises the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, morbid obesity, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. MetS also impairs cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. However, the fundamental reasons of MetS caused by SGAs are not yet fully understood. Thus, we aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets for MetS induced by SGAs. Methods The serum biochemical parameters and the RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured in three groups (healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia with and without MetS taking SGAs). The study of the weighted gene co-expression network was utilized to pinpoint modules that were significantly connected to clinical markers. Results Statistical analysis showed significant differences in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein among the three groups. The TNF signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were the pathways that were primarily enriched in the two unique co-expression network modules that were found. Finally, five specific genes (TNF, CXCL8, IL1B, TIMP1, and ESR1) associated with metabolism and immunity pathways were identified. Conclusions This study indicated that SGAs differentially induced MetS of patients with schizophrenia through metabolic and inflammation-related pathways. Therefore, the potential side effects of drugs on inflammatory processes need to be considered when using SGAs for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuizhen Zhu
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lixuan Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Devi S, Gedda DUK, Chawla S, Doucette J, Yadav N, Mirshahi S, de Moura LP, Velloso LA, Mekary RA. The effect of weight loss on hypothalamus structure and function in obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:75-87. [PMID: 35659180 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2086127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity presents with structural and functional hypothalamic dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether weight loss can lead to hypothalamic changes. We therefore aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of body mass reduction in obese individuals on hypothalamic structure and function. METHODS PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for studies that reported the change in hypothalamic structure and function after weight loss. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on magnetic resonance imaging techniques, medio-basal hypothalamus T2-relaxation time, blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and biomarkers including glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin and inflammatory markers of interleukins. Mean differences between pre- and post-weight loss and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. RESULTS Thirteen pre-post studies were included, of which six accounted for the meta-analysis. Studies showed a favorable decrease in T2-relaxation time (n = 1), favorable change in hypothalamic activity after weight loss on BOLD contrast (n = 4), with higher peak activities after surgical weight loss (n = 2). No differences were found in the gray matter density of the hypothalamus on VBM (n = 1). Pooled mean differences between pre- and post-surgical weight loss revealed a decrease of 8.53 mg/dl (95% CI: 5.17, 11.9) in glucose, 7.73 pmol/l (95% CI: 5.07, 10.4) in insulin, 15.5 ng/ml (95% CI: 9.40, 21.6) in leptin, 142.9 pg/ml (95% CI: 79.0, 206.8) in ghrelin and 9.43 pg/ml (95% CI: -6.89, 25.7) in IL-6 level. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed weight reduction in obesity led to limited structural change and significant functional changes in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Devi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College of London (KCL), London, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Computational Neurosurgical Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Durga Udaya Keerthi Gedda
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shreya Chawla
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College of London (KCL), London, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Computational Neurosurgical Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne Doucette
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nishi Yadav
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shervin Mirshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Computational Neurosurgical Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- CEPECE - Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Lício A Velloso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Computational Neurosurgical Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) University, Boston, MA, USA
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de Melo DG, da Cruz Rodrigues VC, de Sá Pereira GJ, de Campos TDP, Dos Santos Canciglieri R, Pauli JR, da Silva ASR, da Costa Fernandes CJ, de Moura LP. Effects of aerobic exercise on the regulation of mitochondrial carrier homolog-2 and its influence on the catabolic and anabolic activity of lipids in the mesenteric adipose tissue of obese mice. Life Sci 2024; 345:122567. [PMID: 38492919 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The aim was to understand the direct impact of aerobic short-term exercise on lipid metabolism, specifically in regulating the mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) and how it interferes with lipid metabolism in mesenteric adipose tissue. Swiss mice were divided into three groups: control, sedentary obese, and exercised obese. The obese groups were induced into obesity for fourteen weeks of a high-fat diet, and the trained submitted to seven aerobic exercise sessions. The exercise proved the significant increase of the pPerilipin-1, a hormone-sensitive lipase gene, and modulates lipid metabolism by increasing the expression of Mtch2 and acetyl Co-A carboxylase, perhaps occurring as feedback to regulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. In conclusion, we demonstrate, for the first time, how aerobic physical exercise increases Mtch2 transcription in mesenteric adipose tissue. This increase was due to changes in energy demand caused by exercise, confirmed by observing the significant reduction in mesenteric adipose tissue mass in the exercised group. Also, we showed that physical exercise increased the phosphorylative capacity of PLIN1, a protein responsible for the degradation of fatty acids in the lipid droplet, providing acyl and glycerol for cellular metabolism. Although our findings demonstrate evidence of MTCH2 as a protein that regulates lipid homeostasis, scant knowledge exists concerning the signaling of the MTCH2 pathway in regulatingfatty acid metabolism. Therefore, unveiling the means of molecular signaling of MTCH2 demonstrates excellent potential for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomes de Melo
- Exercise Cellular Biology Laboratory, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célio Junior da Costa Fernandes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Exercise Cellular Biology Laboratory, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bi S, Jiang Y, Guan G, Sun X, Wang X, Zhang L, Jing X. Prognostic Value of Myosteatosis and Creatinine-to-Cystatin C Ratio in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Who Underwent Radical Surgery. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2913-2924. [PMID: 38319516 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-14969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myosteatosis is correlated with poor prognosis in some malignancies. The creatinine-to-cystatin ratio (CCR) is revealed to predict gastric cancer prognosis. However, the prognostic abilities of CCR and the combination of CCR and myosteatosis in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) who underwent radical surgery remains unclear. METHODS The retrospective cohort study included 215 patients with PC who underwent radical surgery (January 2016-October 2021). Clinicopathological and serological data were collected on admission. Myosteatosis and other body composition indices were assessed by using computed tomography. The cutoff value of CCR was determined by using the Youden index. Risk factors responsible for poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were determined by the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The myosteatosis group included 104 patients (average age, 61.3 ± 9.1 years). The best cutoff value for CCR was 1.09. CCR ≤ 1.09 was an independent predictive biomarker inversely corelated with OS (P = 0.036). Myosteatosis was an independent risk factor associated with OS and DFS (P = 0.032 and P = 0.004, respectively). Patients with concomitant myosteatosis and CCR ≤ 1.09 had the worst OS (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Myosteatosis and CCR are prognostic biomarkers for survival in PC patients who underwent radical surgery. Patients with the coexistence of myosteatosis and CCR ≤ 1.09 deserve more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Bi
- Gastroenterology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ge Guan
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xueguo Sun
- Gastroenterology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Jing
- Gastroenterology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Wan Y, Su Z. The Impact of Resistance Exercise Training on Glycemic Control Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biol Res Nurs 2024:10998004241246272. [PMID: 38623887 DOI: 10.1177/10998004241246272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents a challenge for health organizations because of its high likelihood of morbidity and mortality. There is an increasing body of evidence exploring the efficacy of resistance training (RT) alone on glycemic control. Objective: To update the effectiveness of RT on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose in adults diagnosed with T2DM. Methods: CINAHL (EBSDCO), PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), and EMBASE (Ovid) databases were searched from inception to 30 January 2024. Published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adult humans with T2DM assessing the impact of RT on HbA1c and fasting glucose compared with control condition were included. Data were pooled by the inverse-variance method and reported as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Forty-six RCTs totaling 2130 participants met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis demonstrated RT significantly reduced HbA1c (MD -0.50% [95% CI, -0.67, -0.34 %], p < .00,001) and fasting glucose (MD -12.03 mg/dl [95% CI, -19.36, -4.69 mg/dl], p = .001). Subgroup analyses found that exercise training durations, gender, and risk of bias had statistically significant effects on HbA1c levels and fasting glucose concentrations after resistance training. However, meta-regression analyses revealed that variables including year of publication, number of sessions per week, mean sample age, sample size, and study quality scores did not significantly affect the change in either HbA1c or glucose. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis with meta-regression delivers further evidence that RT programs are effective approach in attenuation of HbA1c and fasting glucose in individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wan
- Faculty of physical education, Jiangxi Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhanguo Su
- Faculty of physical education, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
- International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Moura KF, Silva DGD, Vidigal CB, Silva GSSE, Pinto IC, Simão ANC, Marques BVD, Andrade FGD, Casagrande R, Gerardin DCC, Akamine EH, Franco MDCP, Ceravolo GS. Vascular dysfunction programmed in male rats by topiramate during peripubertal period. Life Sci 2024; 343:122488. [PMID: 38428573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM The present study evaluated whether topiramate (TPM) treatment during the peripubertal period affects vascular parameters of male rats and whether oxidative stress plays a role in these changes. MAIN METHODS Rats were treated with TPM (41 mg/kg/day, gavage) or vehicle (CTR group) from the postnatal day (PND) 28 to 50. At PND 51 and 120 the rats were evaluated for: thoracic aorta reactivity to phenylephrine, in the presence (Endo+) or absence of endothelium (Endo-), to acetylcholine and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), aortic thickness and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. In serum were analyzed: the antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay; endogenous antioxidant reduced glutathione, and superoxide anion. Results were expressed as mean ± s.e.m., differences when p < 0.05. STATISTICS Two-way ANOVA (and Tukey's) or Student t-test. KEY FINDINGS At PND 51, the contraction induced by phenylephrine in Endo+ ring was higher in TPM when compared to CTR. At PND 120, the aortic sensitivity to acetylcholine in TPM rats was reduced in comparison with CTR. The aortic eNOs expression and the aortic thickness were similar between the groups. At PND 51 and 120, TPM group presented a decrease in antioxidants when compared to CTR groups and at PND 120, in TPM group the superoxide anion was increased. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, the treatment of rats with TPM during peripubertal period promoted permanent impairment of endothelial function probably mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawane F Moura
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Deborah Gomes da Silva
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila Borecki Vidigal
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Smolak Sobieski E Silva
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil; Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno V D Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Goulart de Andrade
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil; Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rúbia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina State University, Brazil
| | - Daniela C C Gerardin
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Eliana H Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Graziela S Ceravolo
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil.
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Rajalekshmy GP, Ramesan RM, Geetha CS, Pratheesh KV, Shenoy SJ, Anilkumar TV. In Vivo Wound-Healing Efficacy of Insulin-Loaded Strontium-Cross-Linked Alginate-Based Hydrogels in Diabetic Rats. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2552-2566. [PMID: 38450650 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The wound-healing effect of insulin is well studied and reported. However, prolonged topical application of insulin without compromising its biological activity is still a challenge. In this study, the effect of topically delivered insulin on promoting wound healing in diabetic animals was evaluated. Alginate diamine PEG-g-poly(PEGMA) (ADPM2S2) was the material used for the topical delivery of insulin. ADPM2S2 hydrogels release insulin and strontium ions, and they synergistically act to regulate different phases of wound healing. Insulin was released from the ADPM2S2 hydrogel for a period of 48 h, maintaining its structural stability and biological activity. In vitro studies were performed under high-glucose conditions to evaluate the wound-healing potential of insulin. Insulin-loaded ADPM2S2 hydrogels showed significant improvement in cell migration, proliferation, and collagen deposition, compared to control cells under high-glucose conditions. Immunostaining studies in L929 cells showed a reduction in phospho Akt expression under high-glucose conditions, and in the presence of insulin, the expression increased. The gene expression studies revealed that insulin plays an important role in regulating the inflammatory phase and macrophage polarization, which favors accelerated wound closure. In vivo experiments in diabetic rat excision wounds treated with insulin-loaded ADPM2S2 showed 95% wound closure within 14 days compared with 82% in control groups. Thus, both the in vitro and in vivo results signify the therapeutic potential of topically delivered insulin in wound management under high-glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Rajalekshmy
- Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Rekha M Ramesan
- Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - C Surendran Geetha
- Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Kanakarajan V Pratheesh
- Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Sachin J Shenoy
- Division of In Vivo Models and Testing, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Thapasimuthu V Anilkumar
- Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
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Galal MA, Al-Rimawi M, Hajeer A, Dahman H, Alouch S, Aljada A. Metformin: A Dual-Role Player in Cancer Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4083. [PMID: 38612893 PMCID: PMC11012626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, as evidenced by the increasing incidence rates and high mortality rates, despite the advancements made in chemotherapy. The emergence of chemoresistance further complicates the effectiveness of treatment. However, there is growing interest in the potential of metformin, a commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as an adjuvant chemotherapy agent in cancer treatment. Although the precise mechanism of action of metformin in cancer therapy is not fully understood, it has been found to have pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of metabolic pathways, reduction in inflammation, and the regulation of cellular proliferation. This comprehensive review examines the anticancer properties of metformin, drawing insights from various studies conducted in vitro and in vivo, as well as from clinical trials and observational research. This review discusses the mechanisms of action involving both insulin-dependent and independent pathways, shedding light on the potential of metformin as a therapeutic agent for different types of cancer. Despite promising findings, there are challenges that need to be addressed, such as conflicting outcomes in clinical trials, considerations regarding dosing, and the development of resistance. These challenges highlight the importance of further research to fully harness the therapeutic potential of metformin in cancer treatment. The aims of this review are to provide a contemporary understanding of the role of metformin in cancer therapy and identify areas for future exploration in the pursuit of effective anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Mohammed Al-Rimawi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Samhar Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
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9
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Genin EC, di Borgo PP, Lorivel T, Hugues S, Farinelli M, Mauri-Crouzet A, Lespinasse F, Godin L, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Petit-Paitel A. CHCHD10 S59L/+ mouse model: Behavioral and neuropathological features of frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106498. [PMID: 38583639 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
CHCHD10-related disease causes a spectrum of clinical presentations including mitochondrial myopathy, cardiomyopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We generated a knock-in mouse model bearing the p.Ser59Leu (S59L) CHCHD10 variant. Chchd10S59L/+ mice have been shown to phenotypically replicate the disorders observed in patients: myopathy with mtDNA instability, cardiomyopathy and typical ALS features (protein aggregation, neuromuscular junction degeneration and spinal motor neuron loss). Here, we conducted a comprehensive behavioral, electrophysiological and neuropathological assessment of Chchd10S59L/+ mice. These animals show impaired learning and memory capacities with reduced long-term potentiation (LTP) measured at the Perforant Pathway-Dentate Gyrus (PP-DG) synapses. In the hippocampus of Chchd10S59L/+ mice, neuropathological studies show the involvement of protein aggregates, activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) and neuroinflammation in the degenerative process. These findings contribute to decipher mechanisms associated with CHCHD10 variants linking mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death. They also validate the Chchd10S59L/+ mice as a relevant model for FTD, which can be used for preclinical studies to test new therapeutic strategies for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle C Genin
- Université Côte d'Azur (UniCa), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Pauline Pozzo di Borgo
- Université Côte d'Azur (UniCa), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, Inserm, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Thomas Lorivel
- Université Côte d'Azur (UniCa), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, Inserm, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Sandrine Hugues
- E-Phy-Science, Bioparc, 2400 Route des Colles, Sophia Antipolis 06410, Biot, France
| | - Mélissa Farinelli
- E-Phy-Science, Bioparc, 2400 Route des Colles, Sophia Antipolis 06410, Biot, France
| | - Alessandra Mauri-Crouzet
- Université Côte d'Azur (UniCa), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Françoise Lespinasse
- Université Côte d'Azur (UniCa), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Lucas Godin
- Université Côte d'Azur (UniCa), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, Inserm, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Véronique Paquis-Flucklinger
- Université Côte d'Azur (UniCa), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nice, Nice, France.
| | - Agnès Petit-Paitel
- Université Côte d'Azur (UniCa), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, Inserm, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France.
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Asthana P, Wong HLX. Preventing obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes by targeting MT1-MMP. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167081. [PMID: 38367902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the predominant risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Despite all the modern advances in medicine, an effective drug treatment for obesity without overt side effects has not yet been found. The discovery of growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), an appetite-regulating hormone, created hopes for the treatment of obesity. However, an insufficient understanding of the physiological regulation of GDF15 has been a major obstacle to mitigating GDF15-centric treatment of obesity. Our recent studies revealed how a series of proteolytic events predominantly mediated by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP14), a key cell-surface metalloproteinase involved in extracellular remodeling, contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. The MT1-MMP-mediated cleavage of the GDNF family receptor-α-like (GFRAL), a key neuronal receptor of GDF15, controls the satiety center in the hindbrain, thereby regulating non-homeostatic appetite and bodyweight changes. Furthermore, increased activation of MT1-MMP does not only lead to increased risk of obesity, but also causes age-associated insulin resistance by cleaving Insulin Receptor in major metabolic tissues. Importantly, inhibition of MT1-MMP effectively protects against obesity and diabetes, revealing the therapeutic potential of targeting MT1-MMP for the management of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Asthana
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
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Yu J, Li M, Liu X, Wu S, Li R, Jiang Y, Zheng J, Li Z, Xin K, Xu Z, Li S, Chen X. Implementation of antibody-drug conjugates in HER2-positive solid cancers: Recent advances and future directions. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116522. [PMID: 38565055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a surge in the approval of monoclonal antibodies for treating a wide range of hematological and solid malignancies. These antibodies exhibit exceptional precision in targeting the surface antigens of tumors, heralding a groundbreaking approach to cancer therapy. Nevertheless, monoclonal antibodies alone do not show sufficient lethality against cancerous cells compared to chemotherapy. Consequently, a new class of anti-tumor medications, known as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), has been developed to bridge the divide between monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxic drugs, enhancing their therapeutic potential. ADCs are chemically synthesized by binding tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies with cytotoxic payloads through linkers that are susceptible to cleavage by intracellular proteases. They combined the accurate targeting of monoclonal antibodies with the potent efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs while circumventing systemic toxicity and boasting superior lethality over standalone targeted drugs. The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family, which encompasses HER1 (also known as EGFR), HER2, HER3, and HER4, plays a key role in regulating cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, and migration. HER2 overexpression in various tumors is one of the most frequently targeted antigens for ADC therapy in HER2-positive cancers. HER2-directed ADCs have emerged as highly promising treatment modalities for patients with HER2-positive cancers. This review focuses on three approved anti-HER2 ADCs (T-DM1, DS-8201a, and RC48) and reviews ongoing clinical trials and failed trials based on anti-HER2 ADCs. Finally, we address the notable challenges linked to ADC development and underscore potential future avenues for tackling these hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Yu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiandong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerong Xin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqun Xu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Sechovcová H, Mahayri TM, Mrázek J, Jarošíková R, Husáková J, Wosková V, Fejfarová V. Gut microbiota in relationship to diabetes mellitus and its late complications with a focus on diabetic foot syndrome: A review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:259-282. [PMID: 38095802 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting glucose metabolism. The pathophysiological reactions underpinning the disease can lead to the development of late diabetes complications. The gut microbiota plays important roles in weight regulation and the maintenance of a healthy digestive system. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy are all associated with a microbial imbalance in the gut. Modern technical equipment and advanced diagnostic procedures, including xmolecular methods, are commonly used to detect both quantitative and qualitative changes in the gut microbiota. This review summarises collective knowledge on the role of the gut microbiota in both types of diabetes mellitus and their late complications, with a particular focus on diabetic foot syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sechovcová
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Vídeňská, 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tiziana Maria Mahayri
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Vídeňská, 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Jakub Mrázek
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Vídeňská, 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Jarošíková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Husáková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Wosková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Fejfarová
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Xiao H, Yin D, Du L, Li G, Lin J, Fang C, Shen S, Xiao G, Fang R. Effects of pork sausage on intestinal microecology and metabolism in mice. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3413-3427. [PMID: 38111159 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processed meat, as an important part of the human diet, has been recognized as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Although numerous epidemiological reports supported the IARC's view, the relevant evidence of a direct association between processed meat and carcinogenicity has been insufficient and the mechanism has been unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of pork sausage (as a representative example of processed meat) intake on gut microbial communities and metabolites of mice. Microbial communities and metabolites from all groups were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), respectively. RESULTS The levels of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, Lactobacillus, Prevotella_9, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Alistipes, Blautia, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Allobaculum, Helicobacter, Desulfovibrio, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 and Streptococcus (P < 0.05) were obviously altered in the mice fed a pork sausage diet. Twenty-seven metabolites from intestinal content samples and fourteen matabolites from whole blood samples were identified as potential biomarkers from multivariate analysis, including Phosphatidic acid (PA), Sphingomyelin (SM), Lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), Diglyceride (DG), D-maltose, N-acylamides and so forth. The significant changes in these biomarkers demonstrate metabonomic variations in pork sausage treated rats, especially carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSION The present study provided evidence that a processed meat diet can increase the risk of colorectal cancer and other diseases significantly by altering the microbial community structure and disrupting the body's metabolic pathways. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Chemical and Biological Processing Technology, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danhan Yin
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lidan Du
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaotian Li
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Fang
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaolin Shen
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Institute of Measurement for Quality and Technique Supervision, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gongnian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Chemical and Biological Processing Technology, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruosi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Chemical and Biological Processing Technology, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Reis SK, Socca EAR, de Souza BR, Genaro SC, Durán N, Fávaro WJ. Effects of probiotic supplementation on chronic inflammatory process modulation in colorectal carcinogenesis. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102293. [PMID: 38244400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The current study investigated the potential effects of probiotic supplementation on colorectal carcinogenesis chemically induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and treated with 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based chemotherapy in mice. Animals were randomly allocated in five different groups: Control: which not receive any treatment throughout the experimental course; Colitis model group (DMH): treated with DMH; DMH+ 5FU: animals received I.P. (intraperitoneal) dose of chemotherapy on a weekly basis; DMH+PROB: animals received daily administrations (via gavage) of probiotics (Lactobacillus: acidophilus and paracasei, Bifidobacterium lactis and bifidum); and DMH+ PROB+ 5FU: animals received the same treatment as the previous groups. After ten-week treatment, mice's large intestine was collected and subjected to colon length, histopathological, periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemistry (TLR2, MyD88, NF-κB, IL-6, TLR4, TRIF, IRF-3, IFN-γ, Ki-67, KRAS, p53, IL-10, and TGF-β) analyzes. Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis, at significance level p 0.05. Probiotics' supplementation has increased the production of Ki-67 cell-proliferation marker, reduced body weight, and colon shortening, as well as modulated the chronic inflammatory process in colorectal carcinogenesis by inhibiting NF-κB expression and mitigating mucin depletion. Thus, these findings lay a basis for guide future studies focused on probiotics' action mechanisms in tumor microenvironment which might have implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Karen Reis
- Faculty Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Augusto Rabelo Socca
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Ribeiro de Souza
- British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research (OVCARE) Program and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Faculty Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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15
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Carneiro L, Bernasconi R, Bernini A, Repond C, Pellerin L. Elevation of hypothalamic ketone bodies induces a decrease in energy expenditures and an increase risk of metabolic disorder. Mol Metab 2024; 83:101926. [PMID: 38553002 PMCID: PMC10999683 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ketone bodies (such as β-hydroxybutyrate or BHB) have been recently proposed as signals involved in brain regulation of energy homeostasis and obesity development. However, the precise role of ketone bodies sensing by the brain, and its impact on metabolic disorder development remains unclear. Nevertheless, partial deletion of the ubiquitous ketone bodies transporter MCT1 in mice (HE mice) results in diet-induced obesity resistance, while there is no alteration under normal chow diet. These results suggest that ketone bodies produced during the high fat diet would be important signals involved in obesity onset. METHODS In the present study we used a specific BHB infusion of the hypothalamus and analyzed the energy homeostasis of WT or HE mice fed a normal chow diet. RESULTS Our results indicate that high BHB levels sensed by the hypothalamus disrupt the brain regulation of energy homeostasis. This brain control dysregulation leads to peripheral alterations of energy expenditure mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, the changes induced by high ketone bodies levels sensed by the brain increase the risk of obesity onset in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Carneiro
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Rocco Bernasconi
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Bernini
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cendrine Repond
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; University and CHU of Poitiers, INSERM U1313, Poitiers, France.
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Goglia U, Hasballa I, Teti C, Boschetti M, Ferone D, Albertelli M. Ianus Bifrons: The Two Faces of Metformin. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1287. [PMID: 38610965 PMCID: PMC11011026 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The ancient Roman god Ianus was a mysterious divinity with two opposite faces, one looking at the past and the other looking to the future. Likewise, metformin is an "old" drug, with one side looking at the metabolic role and the other looking at the anti-proliferative mechanism; therefore, it represents a typical and ideal bridge between diabetes and cancer. Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanidine hydrochloride) is a drug that has long been in use for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but recently evidence is growing about its potential use in other metabolic conditions and in proliferative-associated diseases. The aim of this paper is to retrace, from a historical perspective, the knowledge of this molecule, shedding light on the subcellular mechanisms of action involved in metabolism as well as cellular and tissue growth. The intra-tumoral pharmacodynamic effects of metformin and its possible role in the management of different neoplasms are evaluated and debated. The etymology of the name Ianus is probably from the Latin term ianua, which means door. How many new doors will this old drug be able to open?
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Goglia
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Local Health Authority CN1, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Iderina Hasballa
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy (M.B.); (D.F.); (M.A.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Teti
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Local Health Autorithy Imperia 1, 18100 Imperia, Italy;
| | - Mara Boschetti
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy (M.B.); (D.F.); (M.A.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Diego Ferone
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy (M.B.); (D.F.); (M.A.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Albertelli
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy (M.B.); (D.F.); (M.A.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Joukar S, Rajizadeh MA, Bejeshk MA, Alavi SS, Bagheri F, Rami M, Khoramipour K. ATP releasing channels and the ameliorative effects of high intensity interval training on diabetic heart: a multifaceted analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7113. [PMID: 38532054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) can cause severe cardiac complications at functional, histologic and molecular levels. These pathological complications could be mediated by ATP-releasing channels such as Panx1 and ATP receptors, in particular P2X7. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on T2D-induced cardiac complications at the functional, histopathological and molecular levels, with a particular focus on ATP-releasing channels. 48 male Wistar rats at the age of 8 weeks were randomly allocated into four groups: control (Con), Diabetes (T2D), Training (TR), and Diabetes + Training (T2D + TR). T2D was induced by a high-fat diet plus a low dose (35 mg/kg) of STZ administration. Rats in the TR and T2D + TR groups underwent an 8-weeks training program involving intervals ranging from 80 to 100% of their maximum running speed (Vmax), with 4-10 intervals per session. Protein expression of Interleukin 1β (IL1β), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), Pannexin 1 (Panx1), P2X7R (purinergic P2X receptor 7), NLRP1 (NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 1), BAX, and Bcl2 were measured in the heart tissue. Additionally, we assessed heart function, histopathological changes, as well as insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In contrast to the T2D group, HIIT led to increased protein expression of Bcl2 and IL-10 in the heart. It also resulted in improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, ± dp/dt (maximum and minimum changes in left ventricular pressure), while reducing protein expression of IL-1β, Panx1, P2X7R, NLRP1, and BAX levels in the heart. Furthermore, left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP) was reduced (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, heart lesion scores increased with T2D but decreased with HIIT, along with a reduction in fibrosis percentage (P ≤ 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the cardioprotective effects of HIIT on the diabetic heart may be mediated by the modulation of ATP-releasing channels. This modulation may lead to a reduction in inflammation and apoptosis, improve cardiac function, and attenuate cardiac injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyavash Joukar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Kerman, Iran
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rami
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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García-Zoghby L, Amo-Salas M, Soriano Castrejón ÁM, García Vicente AM. Whole-body tumour burden on [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT in biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer: association with tumour biology and PSA kinetics. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06685-y. [PMID: 38520513 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective was to assess the association between molecular imaging (mi) variables on [18F]DCFPyL-PET/CT with clinical and disease characteristics and prostate specific antigen (PSA) related variables in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (BRPC). MATERIAL AND METHODS We analysed patients with BRPC after radical treatment. We obtained clinical and PSA variables: International Society of Urology Pathology (ISUP) grade group, European Association of Urology (EAU) risk classification, PSA (PSA≤1ng/ml, 1 2), PSA doubling time (PSAdt) and PSA velocity (PSAvel). All PET/CT scans were reviewed with the assistance of automated Prostate Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation (aPROMISE) software and lesions' segmentation in positive scans was performed using this platform. Standardized uptake value (SUV) derived variables; tumour burden variables [whole-body tumour volume (wbTV), whole-body tumour lesion activity (wbTLA) and whole-body mi PSMA (wbPSMA)] and miTNM staging were obtained. Cut-off of PSA and kinetics able to predict PET/CT results were obtained. Associations between disease and mi variables were analysed using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman's correlation tests. Multivariate analysis was also performed. RESULTS Two hundred and seventy-five patients were studied. [18F]DCFPyL-PET/CT were positive in 165/275 patients. In multivariate analysis, moment of biochemical recurrence, ISUP group, PSA level and PSAvel showed significant association with the detection rate. miTNM showed significant association with PSA level (p<0.001) and kinetics (p<0.001), being higher in patients with metastatic disease. Both PSA and PSAvel showed moderate correlation with wbTV, wbTLA and wbPSMA (p<0.001). A weak correlation with SUVs was found. Mean wbTV, wbTLA and wbPSMA values were significantly higher in PSA > 2ng/ml, PSAdt ≤ 6 months and PSAvel ≥ 0.2ng/ml/month groups. Also, wbTV (p=0.039) and wbPSMA (p=0.020) were significantly higher in patients with ISUP grade group 5. PSA and PSAvel cut-offs (1.15 ng/ml and 0.065 ng/ml/month) were significantly associated with a positive PET/CT. CONCLUSION Higher PSA values, unfavourable PSA kinetics and ISUP grade group 5 were robust predictive variables of larger tumour burden variables on [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT assessed by aPROMISE platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Zoghby
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Toledo, Av. del Río Guadiana, s/n, 45007, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Mariano Amo-Salas
- Department of Mathematics, Castilla-La Mancha University, Cam. Moledores, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Ana María García Vicente
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Toledo, Av. del Río Guadiana, s/n, 45007, Toledo, Spain
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19
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Cid-Bertomeu P, Vilaltella M, Martínez M, Mir M, Huerva V. Topical Insulin for Ocular Surface Disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 38527183 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2024.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 receptors are present in ocular tissues such as corneal epithelium, keratocytes, and conjunctival cells. Insulin plays a crucial role in the growth, differentiation, and proliferation of corneal epithelial cells, as well as in wound healing processes in various tissues. Purpose: This review explores the potential role of topical insulin in the treatment of ocular surface diseases. Specifically, it examines its impact on corneal nerve regeneration, sub-basal plexus corneal nerves, and its application in conditions like corneal epithelial defects, dry eye disease, and diabetic keratopathy. Methods: The review analyzes studies conducted over the past decade that have investigated the use of topical insulin in ocular surface diseases. It focuses on indications, drug preparation methods, side effects, efficacy outcomes, and variations in insulin concentrations and dosages used. Results: While off-label use of topical insulin has shown promising results in refractory corneal epithelial defects, its efficacy in dry eye disease is yet to be demonstrated. Variations in concentrations, dilutions, and dosing guidelines have been reported. However, limited data on ocular penetration, ocular toxicity, and systemic side effects pose challenges to its widespread utility. Conclusion: This review synthesizes findings from ocular investigations on topical insulin to assess its potential applicability in treating ocular surface and corneal diseases. By highlighting indications, preparation methods, side effects, and efficacy outcomes, it aims to provide insights into the current status and future prospects of using topical insulin in ophthalmic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Cid-Bertomeu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Magí Vilaltella
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mireia Martínez
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Mir
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Valentín Huerva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Łukaszuk B, Supruniuk E, Chabowski A, Mikłosz A. Adipose tissue place of origin and obesity influence sphingolipid signaling pathway in the adipocytes differentiated from ADMSCs isolated from morbidly obese women. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116158. [PMID: 38521475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a component of adipose tissue that in recent years has gained on importance. The progenitor cells serve as an essentially unlimited source of new adipocytes and therefore are considered to be an important determinant of the tissue's physiology. In this paper we investigated mature adipocytes differentiated from ADMSCs obtained from subcutaneous/visceral fat of patients with different metabolic status (lean, obese without and with metabolic syndrome). We focused our interests on the sphingolipid signaling pathway, i.e.a signal transduction system indispensable for cells functioning, but also implicated in the development of medical conditions associated with obesity. We observed that the cells derived from visceral tissue had significantly greater levels of almost all the examined sphingolipids (especially Cer, dhCer, SM). Moreover, obesity and metabolic syndrome present in donor patients was associated with an increased level of sphingosine kinase (SPHK) and the product of its reaction sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Moreover, the condition appeared to display a tissue specific pattern. Namely, the adipocytes of subcutaneous provenance had an increased activation of ceramide de novo synthesis pathway when the donors of ADMSCs had metabolic syndrome. The above translated into greater accumulation of ceramide in the cells. To our knowledge this is the first study that demonstrated altered sphingolipid profile in the mature adipocytes differentiated from ADMSCs with respect to the stem cells tissue of origin and the donor patient metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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21
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Aleixo GFP, Hess DL, Fowler ME, Giri S, Williams GR. Racial differences in body composition and survival among older adults with gastrointestinal malignancies. J Geriatr Oncol 2024; 15:101747. [PMID: 38513310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2024.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Muscle and adipose tissue measures can be quantified from routinely obtained computed tomography (CT) images and are predictors of chemotherapy-related toxicities and survival among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Most studies to date have consisted of predominantly White patients, and the role of body composition among minoritized racial groups is unknown. We examined racial differences in body composition and survival among patients with GI malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of patients with GI malignancies. Single slices of axial CT images from L3 segments were analyzed using Slice-O-Matic software. The skeletal muscle area (cm2) was divided by height to obtain the skeletal muscle index (SMI, cm2/m2). Skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) in Hounsfield units (HU) was used for muscle composition. We compared body composition parameters between non-Hispanic (NH)-White and NH-Black participants. Cox models were used to examine the impact of body composition on survival. We proposed new race-specific cutoffs for body composition using optimal stratification. RESULTS Five hundred forty patients were included, of which 24% were NH-Black. In Cox models stratified by race, each 5 cm2/m2 decrease in SMI was associated with increase in risk of all-cause mortality in NH-Black patients (hazard ratio [HR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.49 p = 0.02). With the existing cut points, neither sarcopenia nor myosteatosis was associated with worse survival. Using a new cutoff for sarcopenia in NH-Black patients, NH-Black patients with sarcopenia (HR 2.31 95%CI 1.10-4.88 p = 0.03) and myosteatosis (HR 2.63 95% CI 1.25-5.53 p = 0.01) had worse survival. DISCUSSION NH-Black older patients with GI cancers and sarcopenia or myosteatosis have worse overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F P Aleixo
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - Daniel L Hess
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie E Fowler
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Epidemiology, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Smith Giri
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Grant R Williams
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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22
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Huang Y, Wang A, Zhou W, Li B, Zhang L, Rudolf AM, Jin Z, Hambly C, Wang G, Speakman JR. Maternal dietary fat during lactation shapes single nucleus transcriptomic profile of postnatal offspring hypothalamus in a sexually dimorphic manner in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2382. [PMID: 38493217 PMCID: PMC10944494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition during lactation predisposes offspring to develop metabolic diseases and exacerbates the relevant syndromes in males more than females in later life. The hypothalamus is a heterogenous brain region that regulates energy balance. Here we combined metabolic trait quantification of mother and offspring mice under low and high fat diet (HFD) feeding during lactation, with single nucleus transcriptomic profiling of their offspring hypothalamus at peak lacation to understand the cellular and molecular alterations in response to maternal dietary pertubation. We found significant expansion in neuronal subpopulations including histaminergic (Hdc), arginine vasopressin/retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor β (Avp/Rorb) and agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide Y (AgRP/Npy) in male offspring when their mothers were fed HFD, and increased Npy-astrocyte interactions in offspring responding to maternal overnutrition. Our study provides a comprehensive offspring hypothalamus map at the peak lactation and reveals how the cellular subpopulations respond to maternal dietary fat in a sex-specific manner during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Metabolism Program, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Anyongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Wenjiang Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Centre for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Linshan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Centre for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Agata M Rudolf
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zengguang Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Catherine Hambly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Centre for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK.
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China.
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23
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Liu S, Maira A, Ressa G, Ferreira GC, Quintar A, Jayakumar S, Almonte V, Parikh D, Valenta T, Basler K, Hla T, Riascos-Bernal DF, Sibinga NES. The β-catenin C terminus links Wnt and sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathways to promote vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadg9278. [PMID: 38478616 PMCID: PMC10936954 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathways are highly conserved systems that contribute to normal vertebrate development, with key consequences for immune, nervous, and cardiovascular system function; despite these functional overlaps, little is known about Wnt/β-catenin-S1P cross-talk. In the vascular system, both Wnt/β-catenin and S1P signals affect vessel maturation, stability, and barrier function, but information regarding their potential coordination is scant. We report an instance of functional interaction between the two pathways, including evidence that S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) is a transcriptional target of β-catenin. By studying vascular smooth muscle cells and arterial injury response, we find a specific requirement for the β-catenin carboxyl terminus, which acts to induce S1PR1, and show that this interaction is essential for vascular remodeling. We also report that pharmacological inhibition of the β-catenin carboxyl terminus reduces S1PR1 expression, neointima formation, and atherosclerosis. These findings provide mechanistic understanding of how Wnt/β-catenin and S1P systems collaborate during vascular remodeling and inform strategies for therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Liu
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alishba Maira
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gaia Ressa
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Graziele C. Ferreira
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amado Quintar
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Smitha Jayakumar
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Almonte
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dippal Parikh
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario F. Riascos-Bernal
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas E. S. Sibinga
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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24
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Corporeau C, Le Foll C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Le Stunff H, Mithieux G, Magnan C, Delarue J. Fish oil minimises feed intake and improves insulin sensitivity in Zucker fa/fa rats. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:749-761. [PMID: 37877265 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) prevent, in rodents, insulin resistance (IR) induced by a high-fat and/or fructose diet but not IR induced by glucocorticoids. In humans, contrasting effects have also been reported. We investigated their effects on insulin sensitivity, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain in genetically insulin resistant male obese (fa/fa) Zucker (ZO) rats during the development of obesity. ZO rats were fed a diet supplemented with 7 % fish oil (FO) + 1 % corn oil (CO) (wt/wt) (ZOFO), while the control group was fed a diet containing 8 % fat from CO (wt/wt) (ZOCO). Male lean Zucker (ZL) rats fed either FO (ZLFO) or CO (ZLCO) diet were used as controls. FO was a marine-derived TAG oil containing EPA 90 mg/g + DHA 430 mg/g. During an oral glucose tolerance test, glucose tolerance remained unaltered by FO while insulin response was reduced in ZOFO only. Liver insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp + 2 deoxyglucose) was improved in ZOFO rats, linked to changes in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression, activity and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. FI in response to intra-carotid insulin/glucose infusion was decreased similarly in ZOFO and ZOCO. Hypothalamic ceramides levels were lower in ZOFO than in ZOCO. Our study demonstrates that LC n-3 PUFA can minimise weight gain, possibly by alleviating hypothalamic lipotoxicity, and liver IR in genetically obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Corporeau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, Plouzané, France
- Present address: Ifremer, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, Plouzané, France
- Present address: Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
- Present address: Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Saclay-CNRS UMR 9197, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Inserm, U855, Lyon, F-69008, France
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, ER7479 SPURBO, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine University of Brest, Plouzane, France
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25
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Flodin J, Reitzner SM, Emanuelsson EB, Sundberg CJ, Ackermann P. The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the human skeletal muscle transcriptome. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024:e14129. [PMID: 38459757 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM The influence on acute skeletal muscle transcriptomics of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), as compared to established exercises, is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the effects on global mRNA-expression in the quadriceps muscle early after a single NMES-session, compared to the effects of voluntary knee extension exercise (EX), and to explore the discomfort level. METHODS Global vastus lateralis muscle gene expression was assessed (RNA-sequencing) in 30 healthy participants, before and 3 h after a 30-min session of NMES and/or EX. The NMES-treatment was applied using textile electrodes integrated in pants and set to 20% of each participant's pre-tested MVC mean (±SD) 200 (±80) Nm. Discomfort was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0-10). The EX-protocol was performed at 80% of 1-repetition-maximum. RESULTS NMES at 20% of MVC resulted in VAS below 4 and induced 4448 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 80%-overlap of the 2571 DEGs of EX. Genes well-known to be up-regulated following exercise, for example, PPARGC1A, ABRA, VEGFA, and GDNF, were also up-regulated by NMES. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated many common pathways after EX and NMES. Also, some pathways were exclusive to either EX, for example, muscle tissue proliferation, or to NMES, for example, neurite outgrowth and connective tissue proliferation. CONCLUSION A 30-min NMES-session at 20% of MVC with NMES-pants, which can be applied with an acceptable level of discomfort, induces over 4000 DEGs, of which 80%-overlap with DEGs of EX. NMES can induce exercise-like molecular effects, that potentially can lead to health and performance benefits in individuals who are unable to perform resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Flodin
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Trauma, Acute Surgery and Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan M Reitzner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric B Emanuelsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Paul Ackermann
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Trauma, Acute Surgery and Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Kawakita E, Kanasaki K. Cancer biology in diabetes update: Focusing on antidiabetic drugs. J Diabetes Investig 2024. [PMID: 38456597 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The association of type 2 diabetes with certain cancer risk has been of great interest for years. However, the effect of diabetic medications on cancer development is not fully understood. Prospective clinical trials have not elucidated the long-term influence of hypoglycemic drugs on cancer incidence and the safety for cancer-bearing patients with diabetes, whereas numerous preclinical studies have shown that antidiabetic drugs could have an impact on carcinogenesis processes beyond the glycemic control effect. Because there is no evidence of the safety profile of antidiabetic agents on cancer biology, careful consideration would be required when prescribing any medicines to patients with diabetes and existing tumor. In this review, we discuss the potential influence of each diabetes therapy in cancer 'initiation', 'promotion' and 'progression'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kawakita
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
- The Center for Integrated Kidney Research and Advance, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
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27
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Zhu M, Cheng Y, Tang Y, Li S, Rao P, Zhang G, Xiao L, Liu J. Nanoparticles alleviate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via ER stress sensor-mediated intestinal barrier damage and gut dysbiosis. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1271835. [PMID: 38516345 PMCID: PMC10956414 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1271835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. It has been found that the transcription factor XBP1s plays an important role in regulating inflammation and lipid metabolism and maintaining the integrity of intestinal barrier. However, whether XBP1s modulates the development of NASH by regulating the integrity of the intestinal barrier and altering the composition of the gut microbiota remains unknown. Methods Mice fed with a fat-, fructose-, cholesterol-rich (FFC) diet for 24 weeks successfully established the NASH model, as demonstrated by significant hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte injury and fibrosis. The profile of gut microbiota dynamically changed with the different stages of NAFLD via 16S rDNA sequencing the feces from mice fed with FFC diet for 0, 12, or 24 weeks or NASH mice treated with siRNA-loaded folic acid-modified TPGS (hereafter named FT@XBP1). Results NASH mice had significantly higher abundance of Firmicutes, Blautia and Bacteroides, and lower abundance of Bifidobacterium and GCA-900066575. FT@XBP1 supplementation had a significantly attenuated effect on FFC diet-induced weight gain, hepatic fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, inflammatory cytokines, ER stress and fibrosis. In particularly, FT@XBP1 modulates the composition of the intestinal flora; for example, NASH mice demonstrated higher abundance of Blautia and Bacteroides, and lower abundance of Actinobacteriota, Muribaculaceae and Bifidobacterium, which were partially restored by FT@XBP1 treatment. Mechanistically, FT@XBP1 increased the expression of ZO-1 in the intestine and had the potential to restore intestinal barrier integrity and improve antimicrobial defense to alleviate enterogenic endotoxemia and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. Discussion Regulation of the key transcription factor XBP1s can partially restore the intestinal microbiota structure, maintain the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier, and prevent the progression of NASH, providing new evidence for treating NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuojiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guiyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiatao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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28
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Elisia I, Yeung M, Kowalski S, Shyp T, Tee J, Hollman S, Wong A, King J, Dyer R, Sorensen PH, Krystal G. A ketogenic diet rich in fish oil is superior to other fats in preventing NNK-induced lung cancer in A/J mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5610. [PMID: 38453966 PMCID: PMC10920871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Given that ketogenic diets (KDs) are extremely high in dietary fat, we compared different fats in KDs to determine which was the best for cancer prevention. Specifically, we compared a Western and a 15% carbohydrate diet to seven different KDs, containing either Western fats or fats enriched in medium chain fatty acids (MCTs), milk fat (MF), palm oil (PO), olive oil (OO), corn oil (CO) or fish oil (FO) for their ability to reduce nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-induced lung cancer in mice. While all the KDs tested were more effective at reducing lung nodules than the Western or 15% carbohydrate diet, the FO-KD was most effective at reducing lung nodules. Correlating with this, mice on the FO-KD had low blood glucose and the highest β-hydroxybutyrate level, lowest liver fatty acid synthase/carnitine palmitoyl-1a ratio and a dramatic increase in fecal Akkermansia. We found no liver damage induced by the FO-KD, while the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL was unchanged on the different diets. We conclude that a FO-KD is superior to KDs enriched in other fats in reducing NNK-induced lung cancer, perhaps by being the most effective at skewing whole-body metabolism from a dependence on glucose to fats as an energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Elisia
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Michelle Yeung
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Sara Kowalski
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Taras Shyp
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jason Tee
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Serena Hollman
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Amy Wong
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Janette King
- Analytical Core for Metabolomics and Nutrition, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Roger Dyer
- Analytical Core for Metabolomics and Nutrition, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gerald Krystal
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
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Al Mamun A, Shao C, Geng P, Wang S, Xiao J. The Mechanism of Pyroptosis and Its Application Prospect in Diabetic Wound Healing. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1481-1501. [PMID: 38463193 PMCID: PMC10924950 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s448693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis defines a form of pro-inflammatory-dependent programmed cell death triggered by gasdermin proteins, which creates cytoplasmic pores and promotes the activation and accumulation of immune cells by releasing several pro-inflammatory mediators and immunogenic substances upon cell rupture. Pyroptosis comprises canonical (mediated by Caspase-1) and non-canonical (mediated by Caspase-4/5/11) molecular signaling pathways. Numerous studies have explored the contributory roles of inflammasome and pyroptosis in the progression of multiple pathological conditions such as tumors, nerve injury, inflammatory diseases and metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome results in the activation of pyroptosis and inflammation. Current evidence suggests that pyroptosis-dependent cell death plays a progressive role in the development of diabetic complications including diabetic wound healing (DWH) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). This review presents a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying pyroptosis and addresses the current research on pyroptosis-dependent signaling pathways in the context of DWH. In this review, we also present some prospective therapeutic compounds/agents that can target pyroptotic signaling pathways, which may serve as new strategies for the effective treatment and management of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Wound Healing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
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Falckenhayn C, Bienkowska A, Söhle J, Wegner K, Raddatz G, Kristof B, Kuck D, Siegner R, Kaufmann R, Korn J, Baumann S, Lange D, Schepky A, Völzke H, Kaderali L, Winnefeld M, Lyko F, Grönniger E. Identification of dihydromyricetin as a natural DNA methylation inhibitor with rejuvenating activity in human skin. Front Aging 2024; 4:1258184. [PMID: 38500495 PMCID: PMC10944877 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1258184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Changes in DNA methylation patterning have been reported to be a key hallmark of aged human skin. The altered DNA methylation patterns are correlated with deregulated gene expression and impaired tissue functionality, leading to the well-known skin aging phenotype. Searching for small molecules, which correct the aged methylation pattern therefore represents a novel and attractive strategy for the identification of anti-aging compounds. DNMT1 maintains epigenetic information by copying methylation patterns from the parental (methylated) strand to the newly synthesized strand after DNA replication. We hypothesized that a modest inhibition of this process promotes the restoration of the ground-state epigenetic pattern, thereby inducing rejuvenating effects. In this study, we screened a library of 1800 natural substances and 640 FDA-approved drugs and identified the well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule dihydromyricetin (DHM) as an inhibitor of the DNA methyltransferase DNMT1. DHM is the active ingredient of several plants with medicinal use and showed robust inhibition of DNMT1 in biochemical assays. We also analyzed the effect of DHM in cultivated keratinocytes by array-based methylation profiling and observed a moderate, but significant global hypomethylation effect upon treatment. To further characterize DHM-induced methylation changes, we used published DNA methylation clocks and newly established age predictors to demonstrate that the DHM-induced methylation change is associated with a reduction in the biological age of the cells. Further studies also revealed re-activation of age-dependently hypermethylated and silenced genes in vivo and a reduction in age-dependent epidermal thinning in a 3-dimensional skin model. Our findings thus establish DHM as an epigenetic inhibitor with rejuvenating effects for aged human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Bienkowska
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörn Söhle
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Wegner
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guenter Raddatz
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Boris Kristof
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Kuck
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Siegner
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronny Kaufmann
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Korn
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Baumann
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Lange
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute for Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marc Winnefeld
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Grönniger
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
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Volloch V, Rits-Volloch S. On the Inadequacy of the Current Transgenic Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: The Path Forward. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2981. [PMID: 38474228 PMCID: PMC10932000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
For at least two reasons, the current transgenic animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) appear to be patently inadequate. They may be useful in many respects, the AD models; however, they are not. First, they are incapable of developing the full spectrum of the AD pathology. Second, they respond spectacularly well to drugs that are completely ineffective in the treatment of symptomatic AD. These observations indicate that both the transgenic animal models and the drugs faithfully reflect the theory that guided the design and development of both, the amyloid cascade hypothesis (ACH), and that both are inadequate because their underlying theory is. This conclusion necessitated the formulation of a new, all-encompassing theory of conventional AD-the ACH2.0. The two principal attributes of the ACH2.0 are the following. One, in conventional AD, the agent that causes the disease and drives its pathology is the intraneuronal amyloid-β (iAβ) produced in two distinctly different pathways. Two, following the commencement of AD, the bulk of Aβ is generated independently of Aβ protein precursor (AβPP) and is retained inside the neuron as iAβ. Within the framework of the ACH2.0, AβPP-derived iAβ accumulates physiologically in a lifelong process. It cannot reach levels required to support the progression of AD; it does, however, cause the disease. Indeed, conventional AD occurs if and when the levels of AβPP-derived iAβ cross the critical threshold, elicit the neuronal integrated stress response (ISR), and trigger the activation of the AβPP-independent iAβ generation pathway; the disease commences only when this pathway is operational. The iAβ produced in this pathway reaches levels sufficient to drive the AD pathology; it also propagates its own production and thus sustains the activity of the pathway and perpetuates its operation. The present study analyzes the reason underlying the evident inadequacy of the current transgenic animal models of AD. It concludes that they model, in fact, not Alzheimer's disease but rather the effects of the neuronal ISR sustained by AβPP-derived iAβ, that this is due to the lack of the operational AβPP-independent iAβ production pathway, and that this mechanism must be incorporated into any successful AD model faithfully emulating the disease. The study dissects the plausible molecular mechanisms of the AβPP-independent iAβ production and the pathways leading to their activation, and introduces the concept of conventional versus unconventional Alzheimer's disease. It also proposes the path forward, posits the principles of design of productive transgenic animal models of the disease, and describes the molecular details of their construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Volloch
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sophia Rits-Volloch
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Papadakos SP, Argyrou A, Lekakis V, Arvanitakis K, Kalisperati P, Stergiou IE, Konstantinidis I, Schizas D, Koufakis T, Germanidis G, Theocharis S. Metformin in Esophageal Carcinoma: Exploring Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2978. [PMID: 38474224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a formidable malignancy with limited treatment options and high mortality rates, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic avenues. Through a systematic analysis of a multitude of studies, we synthesize the diverse findings related to metformin's influence on EC. This review comprehensively elucidates the intricate metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms through which metformin may exert its anti-cancer effects. Key focus areas include its impact on insulin signaling, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and the mTOR pathway, which collectively contribute to its role in mitigating esophageal cancer progression. This review critically examines the body of clinical and preclinical evidence surrounding the potential role of metformin, a widely prescribed anti-diabetic medication, in EC management. Our examination extends to the modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress and angiogenesis, revealing metformin's potential as a metabolic intervention in esophageal cancer pathogenesis. By consolidating epidemiological and clinical data, we assess the evidence that supports metformin's candidacy as an adjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer. By summarizing clinical and preclinical findings, our review aims to enhance our understanding of metformin's role in EC management, potentially improving patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Argyrou
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Lekakis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Kalisperati
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna E Stergiou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital "Hippokration", Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Chen P, Vilorio NC, Dhatariya K, Jeffcoate W, Lobmann R, McIntosh C, Piaggesi A, Steinberg J, Vas P, Viswanathan V, Wu S, Game F. Effectiveness of interventions to enhance healing of chronic foot ulcers in diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3786. [PMID: 38507616 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is critical that interventions used to enhance the healing of chronic foot ulcers in diabetes are backed by high-quality evidence and cost-effectiveness. In previous years, the systematic review accompanying guidelines published by the International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot performed 4-yearly updates of previous searches, including trials of prospective, cross-sectional and case-control design. AIMS Due to a need to re-evaluate older studies against newer standards of reporting and assessment of risk of bias, we performed a whole new search from conception, but limiting studies to randomised control trials only. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this systematic review, we searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for published studies on randomised control trials of interventions to enhance healing of diabetes-related foot ulcers. We only included trials comparing interventions to standard of care. Two independent reviewers selected articles for inclusion and assessed relevant outcomes as well as methodological quality. RESULTS The literature search identified 22,250 articles, of which 262 were selected for full text review across 10 categories of interventions. Overall, the certainty of evidence for a majority of wound healing interventions was low or very low, with moderate evidence existing for two interventions (sucrose-octasulfate and leucocyte, platelet and fibrin patch) and low quality evidence for a further four (hyperbaric oxygen, topical oxygen, placental derived products and negative pressure wound therapy). The majority of interventions had insufficient evidence. CONCLUSION Overall, the evidence to support any other intervention to enhance wound healing is lacking and further high-quality randomised control trials are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam Chen
- Joondalup Health Campus, Ramsay Healthcare Australia, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nalini Campillo Vilorio
- Department of Diabetology, Diabetic Foot Unit, Plaza de la Salud General Hospital, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ketan Dhatariya
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Ralf Lobmann
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Geriatrics, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Alberto Piaggesi
- Diabetic Foot Section, Department of Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - John Steinberg
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Prash Vas
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vijay Viswanathan
- MV Hospital for Diabetes and Prof M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Center, Chennai, India
| | - Stephanie Wu
- Dr. William M. Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fran Game
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
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Moral R, Kapravelou G, Cubedo M, Solanas M, Escrich E. Body weight gain and control: beneficial effect of extra virgin olive oil versus corn oil in an experimental model of mammary cancer. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109549. [PMID: 38104866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for breast cancer, the most common malignancy among women worldwide. We have previously described different effects of high-fat diets on mammary experimental carcinogenesis. In this work, we analyzed the animal growth data obtained in six experimental assays, in healthy and carcinogen-induced rats undergoing different dietary interventions. The animals were fed with three experimental diets administered at different periods of development: a control low-fat diet, and two isocaloric high-fat diets (rich in corn oil or in extravirgin olive oil -EVOO-). Weekly weight throughout the development of 818 animals have been compiled and reanalyzed using adjusted mathematical models. Molecular mechanisms have been investigated: ethanolamides in small intestine, neuropeptides controlling satiety in hypothalamus, and proteins controlling lipid metabolism in adipose and mammary tissues. The results indicated that the effect of diets depended on type of lipid, timing of intervention and health status. The high corn oil diet, but not the high EVOO diet, increased body weight and mass, especially if administered from weaning, in healthy animals and in those that received a moderate dose of carcinogen. The potential protective effect of EVOO on weight maintenance may be related to anorexigenic neuropeptides such as oxytocin and lipolysis/deposition balance in adipose tissue (increasing phospho-PKA, HSL, MGL and decreasing FAS). In animals with cancer, body weight gain was related to the severity of the disease. Taken together, our results suggest that EVOO has a beneficial effect on body weight maintenance in both health and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Moral
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Garyfallia Kapravelou
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cubedo
- Department of Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Solanas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Escrich
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ye X, Chen W, Huang XF, Yan FJ, Deng SG, Zheng XD, Shan PF. Anti-diabetic effect of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside: data from insulin resistant hepatocyte and diabetic mouse. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:7. [PMID: 38429305 PMCID: PMC10907696 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins are a group of natural products widely found in plants. They have been found to alleviate the disorders of glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS HepG2 and L02 cells were incubated with 0.2 mM PA and 30 mM glucose for 24 h to induce IR, and cells treated with 5 mM glucose were used as the control. C57BL/6 J male mice and db/db male mice were fed with a chow diet and gavaged with pure water or cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) solution (150 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. RESULTS In this study, the anthocyanin C3G, extracted from red bayberry, was found to alleviate disorders of glucose metabolism, which resulted in increased insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes, and achieved by enhancing the glucose consumption as well as glycogen synthesis in insulin resistance (IR) hepatpcytes. Subsequently, the expression of key proteins involved in IR was detected by western blotting analysis. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signaling, could reduce cellular sensitivity to insulin by inhibiting the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2). Results of this study showed that C3G inhibited the increase in PTP1B after high glucose and palmitic acid treatment. And this inhibition was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of IRS proteins. Furthermore, the effect of C3G on improving IR in vivo was validated by using a diabetic db/db mouse model. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that C3G could alleviate IR in vitro and in vivo to increase insulin sensitivity, which may offer a new insight for regulating glucose metabolism during T2DM by using the natural dietary bioactive components. C3G promotes the phosphorylation of IRS-2 proteins by suppressing the expression of PTP1B, and then enhances the sensitivity of hepatocyte to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Fan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Jie Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Guang Deng
- Advanced Computing and System Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Centre for Information, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Innovation Centre for Information, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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Ungurianu A, Zanfirescu A, Margină D. Exploring the therapeutic potential of quercetin: A focus on its sirtuin-mediated benefits. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38429891 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
As the global population ages, preventing lifestyle- and aging-related diseases is increasing, necessitating the search for safe and affordable therapeutic interventions. Among nutraceuticals, quercetin, a flavonoid ubiquitously present in various plants, has garnered considerable interest. This review aimed to collate and analyze existing literature on the therapeutic potentials of quercetin, especially its interactions with SIRTs and its clinical applicability based on its bioavailability and safety. This narrative review was based on a literature survey spanning from 2015 to 2023 using PUBMED. The keywords and MeSH terms used were: "quercetin" AND "bioavailability" OR "metabolism" OR "metabolites" as well as "quercetin" AND "SIRTuin" OR "SIRT*" AND "cellular effects" OR "pathway" OR "signaling" OR "neuroprotective" OR "cardioprotective" OR "nephroprotective" OR "antiatherosclerosis" OR "diabetes" OR "antidiabetic" OR "dyslipidemia" AND "mice" OR "rats". Quercetin demonstrates multiple therapeutic activities, including neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties are well-established. At a molecular level, it majorly interacts with SIRTs, particularly SIRT1 and SIRT6, and modulates numerous signaling pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects. These pathways play roles in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy regulation, mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose utilization, fatty acid oxidation, and genome stability. However, clinical trials on quercetin's effectiveness in humans are scarce. Quercetin exhibits a wide range of SIRT-mediated therapeutic effects. Despite the compelling preclinical data, more standardized clinical trials are needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential. Future research should focus on addressing its bioavailability and safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Ungurianu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Zanfirescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Margină
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Bucharest, Romania
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Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Spyrou N, Kounatidis D, Christodoulatos GS, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. Obesity and Leukemia: Biological Mechanisms, Perspectives, and Challenges. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:1-34. [PMID: 38159164 PMCID: PMC10933194 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the epidemiological data on obesity and leukemia; evaluate the effect of obesity on leukemia outcomes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors; assess the potential mechanisms through which obesity may increase the risk of leukemia; and provide the effects of obesity management on leukemia. Preventive (diet, physical exercise, obesity pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery) measures, repurposing drugs, candidate therapeutic agents targeting oncogenic pathways of obesity and insulin resistance in leukemia as well as challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity has been implicated in the development of 13 cancers, such as breast, endometrial, colon, renal, esophageal cancers, and multiple myeloma. Leukemia is estimated to account for approximately 2.5% and 3.1% of all new cancer incidence and mortality, respectively, while it represents the most frequent cancer in children younger than 5 years. Current evidence indicates that obesity may have an impact on the risk of leukemia. Increased birthweight may be associated with the development of childhood leukemia. Obesity is also associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality in leukemic patients. However, there are several limitations and challenges in meta-analyses and epidemiological studies. In addition, weight gain may occur in a substantial number of childhood ALL survivors while the majority of studies have documented an increased risk of relapse and mortality among patients with childhood ALL and obesity. The main pathophysiological pathways linking obesity to leukemia include bone marrow adipose tissue; hormones such as insulin and the insulin-like growth factor system as well as sex hormones; pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α; adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin; dyslipidemia and lipid signaling; chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress; and other emerging mechanisms. Obesity represents a risk factor for leukemia, being among the only known risk factors that could be prevented or modified through weight loss, healthy diet, and physical exercise. Pharmacological interventions, repurposing drugs used for cardiometabolic comorbidities, and bariatric surgery may be recommended for leukemia and obesity-related cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Natalia G Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1190 One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dimitris Kounatidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Irene Karampela
- 2nd Department of Critical Care, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon General University Hospital, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Machado MAD, Moraes TF, Anjos BHL, Alencar NRG, Chang TMC, Santana BCRF, Menezes VO, Vieira LO, Brandão SCS, Salvino MA, Netto EM. Association between increased Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Radiodensity and cancer mortality: Automated computation, comparison of cancer types, gender, and scanner bias. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 205:111181. [PMID: 38244325 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Body composition analysis using computed tomography (CT) is proposed as a predictor of cancer mortality. An association between subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity (SATr) and cancer-specific mortality was established, while gender effects and equipment bias were estimated. METHODS 7,475 CT studies were selected from 17 cohorts containing CT images of untreated cancer patients who underwent follow-up for a period of 2.1-118.8 months. SATr measures were collected from published data (n = 6,718) or calculated according to CT images using a deep-learning network (n = 757). The association between SATr and mortality was ascertained for each cohort and gender using the p-value from either logistic regression or ROC analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze differences between gender distributions, and automatic segmentation was evaluated using the Dice score and five-point Likert quality scale. Gender effect, scanner bias and changes in the Hounsfield unit (HU) to detect hazards were also estimated. RESULTS Higher SATr was associated with mortality in eight cancer types (p < 0.05). Automatic segmentation produced a score of 0.949 while the quality scale measurement was good to excellent. The extent of gender effect was 5.2 HU while the scanner bias was 10.3 HU. The minimum proposed HU change to detect a patient at risk of death was between 5.6 and 8.3 HU. CONCLUSIONS CT imaging provides valuable assessments of body composition as part of the staging process for several cancer types, saving both time and cost. Gender specific scales and scanner bias adjustments should be carried out to successfully implement SATr measures in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A D Machado
- Department of Radiology, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos/ Ebserh, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Zip code: 40.110-040, Brazil; Nuclear Medicine Department, São Rafael Hospital/ Rededor, Salvador, Bahia, Zip code: 41.253-190, Brazil; Nuclearis Corporation, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip code: 50.030-200, Brazil.
| | - Thauan F Moraes
- Northeast Center for Strategic Technologies, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip code: 50.740-545, Brazil
| | - Bruno H L Anjos
- Nuclearis Corporation, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip code: 50.030-200, Brazil
| | - Nadja R G Alencar
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip code: 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Tien-Man C Chang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Instituto de Medicina Integrada Fernandes Figueira, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip code: 50.070-902, Brazil
| | - Bruno C R F Santana
- Nuclear Medicine Department, São Rafael Hospital/ Rededor, Salvador, Bahia, Zip code: 41.253-190, Brazil
| | - Vinicius O Menezes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, São Rafael Hospital/ Rededor, Salvador, Bahia, Zip code: 41.253-190, Brazil; Nuclearis Corporation, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip code: 50.030-200, Brazil; Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco/ Ebserh, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip code: 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Lucas O Vieira
- Nuclear Medicine Department, São Rafael Hospital/ Rededor, Salvador, Bahia, Zip code: 41.253-190, Brazil
| | - Simone C S Brandão
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip code: 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Marco A Salvino
- Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos/ Ebserh, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Zip code: 40.110-040, Brazil; Hemathology Department, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Bahia, Zip code: 41.253-190, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Netto
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos/ Ebserh, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Zip code: 40.110-040, Brazil
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Jiang M, Ma H, Cai Y. HMOX1 as a therapeutic target associated with diabetic foot ulcers based on single-cell analysis and machine learning. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14815. [PMID: 38468410 PMCID: PMC10928352 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious chronic complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of disability and death in diabetic patients. However, current treatments remain unsatisfactory. Although macrophages are associated with DFU, their exact role in this disease remains uncertain. This study sought to detect macrophage-related genes in DFU and identify possible therapeutic targets. Single-cell datasets (GSE223964) and RNA-seq datasets (GSM68183, GSE80178, GSE134431 and GSE147890) associated with DFU were retrieved from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database for this study. Analysis of the provided single-cell data revealed the distribution of macrophage subpopulations in the DFU. Four independent RNA-seq datasets were merged into a single DFU cohort and further analysed using bioinformatics. This included differential expression (DEG) analysis, multiple machine learning algorithms to identify biomarkers and enrichment analysis. Finally, key results were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western bolt. Finally, the findings were validated using RT-qPCR and western blot. We obtained 802 macrophage-related genes in single-cell analysis. Differential expression analysis yielded 743 DEGs. Thirty-seven macrophage-associated DEGs were identified by cross-analysis of marker genes with macrophage-associated DEGs. Thirty-seven intersections were screened and cross-analysed using four machine learning algorithms. Finally, HMOX1 was identified as a potentially valuable biomarker. HMOX1 was significantly associated with biological pathways such as the insulin signalling pathway. The results showed that HMOX1 was significantly overexpressed in DFU samples. In conclusion, the analytical results of this study identified HMOX1 as a potentially valuable biomarker associated with macrophages in DFU. The results of our analysis improve our understanding of the mechanism of macrophage action in this disease and may be useful in developing targeted therapies for DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of Breast SurgeryYantai City Yantai Hill hospitalYantaiChina
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of BurnHanzhong Central HospitalHanZhongChina
| | - Yuhui Cai
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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Wuopio A, Baker BM, Koethe B, Goodman MD, Shin R, Bugaev N, Nepomnayshy D, Kim WC, Schnelldorfer T. Can Surgeons Reliably Identify Non-cirrhotic Liver Disease During Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery? Obes Surg 2024; 34:769-777. [PMID: 38280161 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identification of liver disease during bariatric operations is an important task given the patients risk for occult fatty liver disease. Surgeon's accuracy of assessing for liver disease during an operation is poorly understood. The objective was to measure surgeons' performance on intra-operative visual assessment of the liver in a simulated environment. METHODS Liver images from 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery and pre-operative ultrasound elastography between July 2020 and July 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The perception of 15 surgeons regarding the degree of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis was collected in a simulated clinical environment by survey and compared to results determined by ultrasonographic exam. RESULTS The surgeons' ability to correctly identify the class of steatosis and fibrosis was poor (accuracy 61% and 59%, respectively) with a very weak correlation between the surgeon's predicted class and its true class (r = 0.17 and r = 0.12, respectively). When liver disease was present, surgeons completely missed its presence in 26% and 51% of steatosis and fibrosis, respectively. Digital image processing demonstrated that surgeons subjectively classified steatosis based on the "yellowness" of the liver and fibrosis based on texture of the liver, despite neither correlating with the true degree of liver disease. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic visual assessment of the liver surface for identification of non-cirrhotic liver disease was found to be an inaccurate method during laparoscopic bariatric surgery. While validation studies are needed, the results suggest the clinical need for alternative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wuopio
- Department of Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, 01805, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Koethe
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, and Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Martin D Goodman
- Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Reuben Shin
- Department of Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, 01805, USA
| | - Nikolay Bugaev
- Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Dmitry Nepomnayshy
- Department of Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, 01805, USA
| | - Woon Cho Kim
- Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Thomas Schnelldorfer
- Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, 01805, USA.
- Surgical Imaging Lab, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Okada LM, Marques ES, Levy RB, Peres MFT, Azeredo CM. Association Between Dietary Patterns and Bullying Among Adolescents in Sao Paulo-Brazil. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2024; 68:299-316. [PMID: 35535611 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x221095017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have assessed the association between food consumption and bullying perpetration, but most of them have not broadly assessed food consumption, neither the distinction between forms of bullying. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns with bullying roles and its different types of bullying perpetration among adolescents. Data on a representative sample of ninth-grade students (N = 2,163; mean age = 14.8 years) taken from Sao Paulo Project for the social development of children and adolescents (SP-PROSO) were used. The independent variables were healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns obtained by exploratory factor analysis. The dependent variables were bullying role (victim-only, bully-only, bully-victim) and bullying perpetration (any type, social exclusion, psychological/verbal aggression, physical aggression, property destruction, sexual harassment). Multinomial and logistic regression models were performed for the total sample and stratified by sex (only for association with sexual harassment), adjusting for covariates. Adolescents who engaged in a healthy dietary pattern were less likely to be bullies (RR 0.67 [0.49, 0.92]), while adolescents with an unhealthy dietary pattern were more likely to be bully-victims (RR 1.29 [1.12, 1.48]). Unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with any type of bullying perpetration (OR 1.24 [1.12, 1.38]), mainly with sexual harassment and physical aggression. Boys who had an unhealthy dietary pattern were more likely to sexually harass another adolescent (OR 2.10 [1.20, 3.66]). In conclusion, adolescents who had a healthy dietary pattern were less likely to perpetrate bullying. Unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with bullying perpetration, especially with sexual harassment by boys.
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Wang K, Xu Q, Xia L, Sun J, Shen K, Liu H, Xu L, Li R. Diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder polypoid lesions: Current practices and future prospects. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-00979. [PMID: 38420780 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gallbladder polypoid lesions (GPLs) refer to any elevated lesion of the mucosal surface of the gallbladder wall, and the prevalence is estimated to be between 0.9% and 12.1%. GPLs include benign polyps and malignant polyps. Benign polyps are further classified as non-neoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps. Cholesterol polyps are the most common benign polyps and adenocarcinoma is the main type of malignant polyp. Hepatitis B virus infection, liver function abnormalities, dyslipidemia, and obesity are the main risk factors for GPLs. Studies of biological mechanisms have focused on malignant gallbladder polyps, the development of which is regulated by hormone levels in vivo , gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, Salmonella typhimurium , and related molecules. Diagnostic modalities include chemical examination and imaging examination, with imaging examination currently being the mainstay. Treatment of patients with GPLs is based on the presence or absence of symptoms, age, size of the polyps, tendency of the polyp to increase, and risk factors for symptomatic malignancy to determine whether surgery should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215026, China
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Oliveira MM, Mohamed M, Elder MK, Banegas-Morales K, Mamcarz M, Lu EH, Golhan EAN, Navrange N, Chatterjee S, Abel T, Klann E. The integrated stress response effector GADD34 is repurposed by neurons to promote stimulus-induced translation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113670. [PMID: 38219147 PMCID: PMC10964249 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal protein synthesis is required for long-lasting plasticity and long-term memory consolidation. Dephosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α is one of the key translational control events that is required to increase de novo protein synthesis that underlies long-lasting plasticity and memory consolidation. Here, we interrogate the molecular pathways of translational control that are triggered by neuronal stimulation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which results in eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) dephosphorylation and increases in de novo protein synthesis. Primary rodent neurons exposed to BDNF display elevated translation of GADD34, which facilitates eIF2α dephosphorylation and subsequent de novo protein synthesis. Furthermore, GADD34 requires G-actin generated by cofilin to dephosphorylate eIF2α and enhance protein synthesis. Finally, GADD34 is required for BDNF-induced translation of synaptic plasticity-related proteins. Overall, we provide evidence that neurons repurpose GADD34, an effector of the integrated stress response, as an orchestrator of rapid increases in eIF2-dependent translation in response to plasticity-inducing stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhaned Mohamed
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan K Elder
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Maggie Mamcarz
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily H Lu
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ela A N Golhan
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nishika Navrange
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Snehajyoti Chatterjee
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Sharma D, Anand G, Meena S, Bhardwaj V. Compare the Combined Diagnostic Accuracy of Transient Elastography and Visual Liver Score in Assessing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Compare it with Liver Biopsy in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: An Observational Study. Obes Surg 2024:10.1007/s11695-024-07106-7. [PMID: 38411879 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, we combine preoperative transient elastography (TE) and intraoperative standardized visual liver score (VLS) which is compared with intraoperative liver biopsy for prediction of NAFLD and NASH in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. AIM Evaluate the combined diagnostic accuracy of TE and VLS in assessing NAFLD or NASH and compare it with liver biopsy in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS In a prospective cohort of 70 morbidly obese undergoing bariatric surgery, preoperative TE and intraoperative VLS were calculated. Findings of TE and VLS were compared with histology from intraoperative liver biopsy. RESULTS Histologically, 44 (62.85%) had NAFLD (≥ S1). Significant steatosis was seen in 20 (28.57%) while significant fibrosis was visible in 18 (25.71%). Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) TE for diagnosis of NAFLD was excellent (0.844, p = 0.001). At the optimal cutoff of 8.1, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 92.9%, and diagnostic accuracy was 90.6%. VLS had a sensitivity of 90.9% for NAFLD. The combined sensitivity of TE + VLS was 95.5% for ruling out NAFLD. Fourteen (20%) had NASH. VLS had a diagnostic accuracy of 97% in identifying NASH in comparison to TE. AUROC-VLS was 0.987, p ≤ 0.001, and a sensitivity of 100%. The overall sensitivity of combined TE and VLS was 100% with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. CONCLUSION TE when combined with intraoperative VLS is comparable to liver biopsy and can be used for the diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborshi Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India.
| | - Gautam Anand
- Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Sanjay Meena
- Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Vaishali Bhardwaj
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
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Woronkowicz M, Roberts H, Skopiński P. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) System in the Corneal Epithelium Homeostasis-From Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells to Therapeutic Applications. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:144. [PMID: 38534414 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium, comprising three layers of cells, represents the outermost portion of the eye and functions as a vital protective barrier while concurrently serving as a critical refractive structure. Maintaining its homeostasis involves a complex regenerative process facilitated by the functions of the lacrimal gland, tear film, and corneal nerves. Crucially, limbal epithelial stem cells located in the limbus (transitional zone between the cornea and the conjunctiva) are instrumental for the corneal epithelium integrity by replenishing and renewing cells. Re-epithelialization failure results in persistent defects, often associated with various ocular conditions including diabetic keratopathy. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a sophisticated network of insulin and other proteins essential for numerous physiological processes. This review examines its role in maintaining the corneal epithelium homeostasis, with a special focus on the interplay with corneal limbal stem cells and the potential therapeutic applications of the system components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Woronkowicz
- NDDH, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Barnstaple EX31 4JB, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Harry Roberts
- West of England Eye Unit, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2HZ, UK
| | - Piotr Skopiński
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-576 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Dos Santos BL, Dos Santos CC, da Silva KC, Nonaka CKV, Souza BSDF, David JM, de Oliveira JVR, Costa MDFD, Butt AM, da Silva VDA, Costa SL. The Phytochemical Agathisflavone Modulates miR146a and miR155 in Activated Microglia Involving STAT3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2547. [PMID: 38473794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) act as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in glial cells and have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the effects of agathisflavone, a biflavonoid purified from the leaves of Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.), on modulating the expression of miRs and inflammatory mediators in activated microglia. C20 human microglia were exposed to oligomers of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ, 500 nM) for 4 h or to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µg/mL) for 24 h and then treated or not with agathisflavone (1 µM) for 24 h. We observed that β-amyloid and LPS activated microglia to an inflammatory state, with increased expression of miR-146a, miR-155, IL1-β, IL-6, and NOS2. Treatment with agathisflavone resulted in a significant reduction in miR146a and miR-155 induced by LPS or Aβ, as well as inflammatory cytokines IL1-β, IL-6, and NOS2. In cells stimulated with Aβ, there was an increase in p-STAT3 expression that was reduced by agathisflavone treatment. These data identify a role for miRs in the anti-inflammatory effect of agathisflavone on microglia in models of neuroinflammation and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbino Lino Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
- College of Nursing, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Creusa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Karina Costa da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, D'Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, D'Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Juciele Valéria Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur Morgan Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N Vale do Canela, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
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47
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Song H, Liu J, Wang L, Hu X, Li J, Zhu L, Pang R, Zhang A. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid: a bile acid that may be used for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1348844. [PMID: 38440398 PMCID: PMC10909943 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1348844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease that has become one of the main factors affecting human health. It has serious impacts on individuals, families, and society. With the development of population aging, the incidence of AD will further increase worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that many physiological metabolic processes, such as lipid metabolism, are implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Bile acids, as the main undertakers of lipid metabolism, play an important role in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, an endogenous bile acid, has been proven to possess therapeutic effects in different neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. This review tries to find the relationship between bile acid metabolism and AD, as well as explore the therapeutic potential of bile acid taurocursodeoxycholic acid for this disease. The potential mechanisms of taurocursodeoxycholic acid may include reducing the deposition of Amyloid-β protein, regulating apoptotic pathways, preventing tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation, protecting neuronal synapses, exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, and improving metabolic disorders. The objective of this study is to shed light on the use of tauroursodeoxycholic acid preparations in the prevention and treatment of AD, with the aim of identifying effective treatment targets and clarifying various treatment mechanisms involved in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Song
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiancheng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Rizhao Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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48
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Thornton P, Reader V, Digby Z, Smolak P, Lindsay N, Harrison D, Clarke N, Watt AP. Reversal of High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity, Systemic Inflammation, and Astrogliosis by the NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors NT-0249 and NT-0796. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:813-826. [PMID: 38336379 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic and cerebral inflammatory responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and associated metabolic impairment. While the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been linked to obesity-associated inflammation, whether it contributes to the development or maintenance of obesity is unknown. We provide support for a direct role of saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, as NLRP3 activating stimuli in obese states. To investigate whether NLRP3 activation contributes to the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice, we tested two different clinical-stage NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. We demonstrate a contributory role of this key inflammasome to established obesity and associated systemic and cerebral inflammation. By comparing their effects to calorie restriction, we aimed to identify specific NLRP3-sensitive mechanisms contributing to obesity-induced inflammation (as opposed to be those regulated by weight loss per se). In addition, a direct comparison of an NLRP3 inhibitor to a glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide (Wegovy), in the DIO model allowed an appreciation of the relative efficacy of these two therapeutic strategies on obesity, its associated systemic inflammatory response, and cerebral gliosis. We show that two structurally distinct, NLRP3 inhibitors, NT-0249 and NT-0796, reverse obesity in the DIO mouse model and that brain exposure appears necessary for efficacy. In support of this, we show that DIO-driven hypothalamic glial fibrillary acidic protein expression is blocked by dosing with NT-0249/NT-0796. While matching weight loss driven by semaglutide or calorie restriction, remarkably, NLRP3 inhibition provided enhanced improvements in disease-relevant biomarkers of acute phase response, cardiovascular inflammation, and lipid metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Obesity is a global health concern that predisposes individuals to chronic disease such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease at least in part by promoting systemic inflammation. We report that in mice fed a high-fat, obesogenic diet, obesity is reversed by either of two inhibitors of the intracellular inflammatory mediator NLRP3. Furthermore, NLRP3 inhibition reduces both hypothalamic gliosis and circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk beyond what can be achieved by either the glucagon like peptide-1 agonist semaglutide or calorie restriction alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thornton
- NodThera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.T., V.R., Z.D., N.L., D.H., N.C., A.P.W.) and Seattle, Washington (P.S.)
| | - Valérie Reader
- NodThera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.T., V.R., Z.D., N.L., D.H., N.C., A.P.W.) and Seattle, Washington (P.S.)
| | - Zsofia Digby
- NodThera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.T., V.R., Z.D., N.L., D.H., N.C., A.P.W.) and Seattle, Washington (P.S.)
| | - Pamela Smolak
- NodThera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.T., V.R., Z.D., N.L., D.H., N.C., A.P.W.) and Seattle, Washington (P.S.)
| | - Nicola Lindsay
- NodThera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.T., V.R., Z.D., N.L., D.H., N.C., A.P.W.) and Seattle, Washington (P.S.)
| | - David Harrison
- NodThera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.T., V.R., Z.D., N.L., D.H., N.C., A.P.W.) and Seattle, Washington (P.S.)
| | - Nick Clarke
- NodThera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.T., V.R., Z.D., N.L., D.H., N.C., A.P.W.) and Seattle, Washington (P.S.)
| | - Alan P Watt
- NodThera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.T., V.R., Z.D., N.L., D.H., N.C., A.P.W.) and Seattle, Washington (P.S.)
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Girolamo DD, Benavente-Diaz M, Murolo M, Grimaldi A, Lopes PT, Evano B, Kuriki M, Gioftsidi S, Laville V, Tinevez JY, Letort G, Mella S, Tajbakhsh S, Comai G. Extraocular muscle stem cells exhibit distinct cellular properties associated with non-muscle molecular signatures. Development 2024; 151:dev202144. [PMID: 38240380 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are recognised as functionally heterogeneous. Cranial MuSCs are reported to have greater proliferative and regenerative capacity when compared with those in the limb. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying this functional heterogeneity is lacking. Here, we have used clonal analysis, live imaging and single cell transcriptomic analysis to identify crucial features that distinguish extraocular muscle (EOM) from limb muscle stem cell populations. A MyogeninntdTom reporter showed that the increased proliferation capacity of EOM MuSCs correlates with deferred differentiation and lower expression of the myogenic commitment gene Myod. Unexpectedly, EOM MuSCs activated in vitro expressed a large array of extracellular matrix components typical of mesenchymal non-muscle cells. Computational analysis underscored a distinct co-regulatory module, which is absent in limb MuSCs, as driver of these features. The EOM transcription factor network, with Foxc1 as key player, appears to be hardwired to EOM identity as it persists during growth, disease and in vitro after several passages. Our findings shed light on how high-performing MuSCs regulate myogenic commitment by remodelling their local environment and adopting properties not generally associated with myogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Girolamo
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maria Benavente-Diaz
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Complexité du Vivant, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Melania Murolo
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Grimaldi
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Complexité du Vivant, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Priscilla Thomas Lopes
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Brendan Evano
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mao Kuriki
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stamatia Gioftsidi
- Université Paris-Est, 77420 Champs-sur- Marne, France
- Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Laville
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Image Analysis Hub, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Letort
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Mella
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Glenda Comai
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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50
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Liu J, Zaidi A, Pike CJ. Microglia/macrophage-specific deletion of TLR-4 protects against neural effects of diet-induced obesity. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.13.580189. [PMID: 38405877 PMCID: PMC10888944 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with numerous adverse neural effects, including reduced neurogenesis, cognitive impairment, and increased risks for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia. Obesity is also characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation that is implicated in mediating negative consequences body-wide. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling from peripheral macrophages is implicated as an essential regulator of the systemic inflammatory effects of obesity. In the brain, obesity drives chronic neuroinflammation that involves microglial activation, however the contributions of microglia-derived TLR4 signaling to the consequences of obesity are poorly understood. To investigate this issue, we first generated mice that carry an inducible, microglia/macrophage-specific deletion of TLR4 that yields long-term TLR4 knockout only in brain indicating microglial specificity. Next, we analyzed the effects of microglial TLR4 deletion on systemic and neural effects of a 16-week of exposure to control versus obesogenic high-fat diets. In male mice, TLR4 deletion generally yielded limited effects on diet-induced systemic metabolic dysfunction but significantly reduced neuroinflammation and impairments in neurogenesis and cognitive performance. In female mice maintained on obesogenic diet, TLR4 deletion partially protected against weight gain, adiposity, and metabolic impairments. Compared to males, females showed milder diet-induced neural consequences, against which TLR4 deletion was protective. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a central role of microglial TLR4 signaling in mediating the neural effects of obesogenic diet and highlight sexual dimorphic responses to both diet and TLR4.
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