99901
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Havnar C, Lau S, Hung J, Eastham-Anderson J, Espiritu C, Rangell L, Koeppen H, Ziai J, Foreman O. Characterization of Tumor-immune Microenvironment by High-throughput Image Analysis of CD8 Immunohistochemistry Combined With Modified Masson's Trichrome. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:611-615. [PMID: 34353148 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211034935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of checkpoint inhibitors, there is increasing need to study the dynamics of CD8+ T-cells in the tumor microenviroment. In this article, we describe a semi-automated method to quantify and interrogate spatial relationships between T-cells and collagenous stroma in human and mouse tissue samples. The assay combines CD8 immunohistochemistry with modified Masson's trichrome. Slides are scanned and digital images are analyzed using an adjustable MATLAB algorithm, allowing for high-throughput quantification of cytotoxic T-cells and collagen. This method provides a flexible tool for unbiased quantification of T-cells and their interactions with tumor cells and tumor microenvironment in tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Havnar
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Shari Lau
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffrey Hung
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Carmina Espiritu
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Linda Rangell
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Hartmut Koeppen
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - James Ziai
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Oded Foreman
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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99902
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Nofal H, AlAkad R, Nofal A, Rabie E, Chaikul T, Chiu FPC, Pramanik R, Alabdulkareem A, Onoufriadis A. H syndrome: A review of treatment options and a hypothesis of phenotypic variability. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e15082. [PMID: 34351669 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
H syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with clinical features comprising: hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hearing loss, heart anomalies, low height, hypogonadism and hepatosplenomegaly. H syndrome results from loss-of-function mutations in SLC29A3 which leads to abnormal proliferation and function of histiocytes. Herein, we discuss the considerable phenotypic heterogeneity detected in a consanguineous Egyptian family comprising of four affected siblings, two of which are monozygotic twin and the possible therapeutics. The phenotypic variability may be attributed to the role of histiocytes in the tissue response to injury. Such variable expressivity of H syndrome renders the diagnosis challenging and delays the management. The different treatment approaches used for this rare entity are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Nofal
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rania AlAkad
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Nofal
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman Rabie
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt.,Biotechnology Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thithiwat Chaikul
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frank Po-Chao Chiu
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rashida Pramanik
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmad Alabdulkareem
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandros Onoufriadis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
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99903
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Lai W, Feng X, Yue M, Cheung PWH, Choi VNT, Song YQ, Luk KDK, Cheung JPY, Gao B. Identification of Copy Number Variants in a Southern Chinese Cohort of Patients with Congenital Scoliosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1213. [PMID: 34440387 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a lateral curvature of the spine resulting from congenital vertebral malformations (CVMs) and affects 0.5–1/1000 live births. The copy number variant (CNV) at chromosome 16p11.2 has been implicated in CVMs and recent studies identified a compound heterozygosity of 16p11.2 microdeletion and TBX6 variant/haplotype causing CS in multiple cohorts, which explains about 5–10% of the affected cases. Here, we studied the genetic etiology of CS by analyzing CNVs in a cohort of 67 patients with congenital hemivertebrae and 125 family controls. We employed both candidate gene and family-based approaches to filter CNVs called from whole exome sequencing data. This identified 12 CNVs in four scoliosis-associated genes (TBX6, NOTCH2, DSCAM, and SNTG1) as well as eight recessive and 64 novel rare CNVs in 15 additional genes. Some candidates, such as DHX40, NBPF20, RASA2, and MYSM1, have been found to be associated with syndromes with scoliosis or implicated in bone/spine development. In particular, the MYSM1 mutant mouse showed spinal deformities. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the 16p11.2 microdeletion, other CNVs are potentially important in predisposing to CS.
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99904
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Lal JC, Townsend MG, Mehta AK, Oliwa M, Miller E, Sotayo A, Cheney E, Mittendorf EA, Letai A, Guerriero JL. Comparing syngeneic and autochthonous models of breast cancer to identify tumor immune components that correlate with response to immunotherapy in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:83. [PMID: 34353349 PMCID: PMC8340363 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) may contribute to the lack of durable responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB); however, mouse models to test this are currently lacking. Proper selection and use of preclinical models are necessary for rigorous, preclinical studies to rapidly move laboratory findings into the clinic. METHODS Three versions of a common syngeneic model derived from the MMTV-PyMT autochthonous model were generated by inoculating 1E6, 1E5, or 1E4 cells derived from the MMTV-PyMT mouse into wildtype recipient mice. To elucidate how tumor latency and TME heterogeneity contribute to ICB resistance, comprehensive characterization of the TME using quantitative flow-cytometry and RNA expression analysis (NanoString) was performed. Subsequently, response to ICB was tested. These procedures were repeated using the EMT6 breast cancer model. RESULTS The 3 syngeneic versions of the MMTV-PyMT model had vastly different TMEs that correlated to ICB response. The number of cells used to generate syngeneic tumors significantly influenced tumor latency, infiltrating leukocyte populations, and response to ICB. These results were confirmed using the EMT6 breast cancer model. Compared to the MMTV-PyMT autochthonous model, all 3 MMTV-PyMT syngeneic models had significantly more tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs; CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) and higher proportions of PD-L1-positive myeloid cells, whereas the MMTV-PyMT autochthonous model had the highest frequency of myeloid cells out of total leukocytes. Increased TILs correlated with response to anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy, but PD-L1expression on tumor cells or PD-1 expression of T cells did not. CONCLUSIONS These studies reveal that tumor cell number correlates with tumor latency, TME, and response to ICB. ICB-sensitive and resistant syngeneic breast cancer models were identified, in which the 1E4 syngeneic model was most resistant to ICB. Given the lack of benefit from ICB in breast cancer, identifying robust murine models presented here provides the opportunity to further interrogate the TME for breast cancer treatment and provide novel insights into therapeutic combinations to overcome ICB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Castrillon Lal
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Madeline G Townsend
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anita K Mehta
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Madisson Oliwa
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Alaba Sotayo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Emily Cheney
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Guerriero
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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99905
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Attia MM, Abdelsalam M, Korany RMS, Mahdy OA. Characterization of digenetic trematodes infecting African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) based on integrated morphological, molecular, histopathological, and immunological examination. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3149-3162. [PMID: 34351490 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infection may cause massive losses in Clarias gariepinus fries and fingerlings. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the digenetic trematodes species (two adults' flukes and one metacercariae) infecting African catfish Clarias gariepinus, as well as their histopathological impacts on infected fish. The intestinal flukes were identified as Orientocreadium batrachoides and Masenia bangweulensis based on their morphological and molecular characteristics. Sequencing of their 28S (LSU rRNA) and 18S rRNA (SSU rRNA) genes confirmed that these trematodes belong to the families Orientocreadiidae and Cephalogonimidae, respectively. The metacercariae trematode infecting skin and muscles were only morphologically identified as Cyanodiplostomum sp. The gene expression levels of MHC II increased in naturally infected fish either with O. batrachoides or Cyanodiplostomum sp. alone, compared with uninfected catfish. In addition, lysozyme levels in individual fish serum increased in catfish infected either with O. batrachoides or Cyanodiplostomum sp. alone. Histopathological examination of the skin revealed embedded parasitic cysts that displaced tissue in the dermis. Surrounding tissues were infiltrated with melanomacrophages and displayed dermal edema. Histopathological analysis showed O. batrachoides or M. bangweulensis between the gastric folds of the stomach of infected catfish, causing infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Attia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelsalam
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Reda M S Korany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Olfat A Mahdy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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99906
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Ring SS, Cupovic J, Onder L, Lütge M, Perez-Shibayama C, Gil-Cruz C, Scandella E, De Martin A, Mörbe U, Hartmann F, Wenger R, Spiegl M, Besse A, Bonilla WV, Stemeseder F, Schmidt S, Orlinger KK, Krebs P, Ludewig B, Flatz L. Viral vector-mediated reprogramming of the fibroblastic tumor stroma sustains curative melanoma treatment. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4734. [PMID: 34354077 PMCID: PMC8342618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex amalgam of tumor cells, immune cells, endothelial cells and fibroblastic stromal cells (FSC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts are generally seen as tumor-promoting entity. However, it is conceivable that particular FSC populations within the TME contribute to immune-mediated tumor control. Here, we show that intratumoral treatment of mice with a recombinant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-based vaccine vector expressing a melanocyte differentiation antigen resulted in T cell-dependent long-term control of melanomas. Using single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we demonstrate that viral vector-mediated transduction reprogrammed and activated a Cxcl13-expressing FSC subset that show a pronounced immunostimulatory signature and increased expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-33. Ablation of Il33 gene expression in Cxcl13-Cre-positive FSCs reduces the functionality of intratumoral T cells and unleashes tumor growth. Thus, reprogramming of FSCs by a self-antigen-expressing viral vector in the TME is critical for curative melanoma treatment by locally sustaining the activity of tumor-specific T cells. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-based viral vectors have been shown to induce potent antitumor immune responses. Here the authors show that a LCMV-based vaccine vector remodels the tumor-associated fibroblastic stroma, sustaining CD8+ T cell activation and reducing tumor growth in a preclinical model of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Ring
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.,Max Planck Institute of Immunology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elke Scandella
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Angelina De Martin
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Mörbe
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Robert Wenger
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Spiegl
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Besse
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Weldy V Bonilla
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland. .,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland. .,Department of Dermatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland. .,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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99907
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Mazuqueli Pereira EDSB, Basting RT, Abdalla HB, Garcez AS, Napimoga MH, Clemente-Napimoga JT. Photobiomodulation inhibits inflammation in the temporomandibular joint of rats. J Photochem Photobiol B 2021; 222:112281. [PMID: 34388640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been applied as a non-invasive technique for treating temporomandibular joint symptoms, especially on painful condition's relief, however the anti-inflammatory mechanism underlying the effect of PBM remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the mechanisms of action of PBM (808 nm) in a carrageenan-induced inflammation on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rats. In this study male Wistar rats were pre-treated with irradiation of a low-power diode laser for 15 s on TMJ (infra-red 808 nm, 100 mW, 50 J/cm2 and 1.5 J) 15 min prior an injection in the temporomandibular joint of carrageenan (100 μg/TMJ). 1 h after the TMJ treatments, the rats were terminally anesthetized for joint cavity wash and periarticular tissues collect. Samples analysis demonstrated that PBM inhibit leukocytes chemotaxis in the TMJ and significantly reduces amounts of TNF-α, IL-1β and CINC-1. In addition, Western blotting analysis demonstrated that PBM significantly decreased the protein levels of P2X3 and P2X7 receptors in the periarticular tissues. On the other hand, PBM was able to increase protein level of IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine). In summary, it is possible to suggest that PBM inhibit inflammatory chemotaxis, modulation the balance of the pro- and anti-inflammatory characteristics of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosanna Tarkany Basting
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research - Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ballassini Abdalla
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research - Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo Silva Garcez
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research - Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research - Campinas, SP, Brazil
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99908
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Guo L, Shen S, Rowley JW, Tolley ND, Jia W, Manne BK, McComas KN, Bolingbroke B, Kosaka Y, Krauel K, Denorme F, Jacob SP, Eustes AS, Campbell RA, Middleton EA, He X, Brown SM, Morrell CN, Weyrich AS, Rondina MT. Platelet MHC class I mediates CD8+ T-cell suppression during sepsis. Blood 2021; 138:401-416. [PMID: 33895821 PMCID: PMC8343546 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating platelets interact with leukocytes to modulate host immune and thrombotic responses. In sepsis, platelet-leukocyte interactions are increased and have been associated with adverse clinical events, including increased platelet-T-cell interactions. Sepsis is associated with reduced CD8+ T-cell numbers and functional responses, but whether platelets regulate CD8+ T-cell responses during sepsis remains unknown. In our current study, we systemically evaluated platelet antigen internalization and presentation through major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and their effects on antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in sepsis in vivo and ex vivo. We discovered that both human and murine platelets internalize and proteolyze exogenous antigens, generating peptides that are loaded onto MHC-I. The expression of platelet MHC-I, but not platelet MHC-II, is significantly increased in human and murine platelets during sepsis and in human megakaryocytes stimulated with agonists generated systemically during sepsis (eg, interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide). Upregulation of platelet MHC-I during sepsis increases antigen cross-presentation and interactions with CD8+ T cells in an antigen-specific manner. Using a platelet lineage-specific MHC-I-deficient mouse strain (B2Mf/f-Pf4Cre), we demonstrate that platelet MHC-I regulates antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation in vitro, as well as the number and functional responses of CD8+ T cells in vivo, during sepsis. Loss of platelet MHC-I reduces sepsis-associated mortality in mice in an antigen-specific setting. These data identify a new mechanism by which platelets, through MHC-I, process and cross-present antigens, engage antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and regulate CD8+ T-cell numbers, functional responses, and outcomes during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sikui Shen
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Neal D Tolley
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Kyra N McComas
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ben Bolingbroke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yasuhiro Kosaka
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Krystin Krauel
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Denorme
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Shancy P Jacob
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Alicia S Eustes
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Elizabeth A Middleton
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Samuel M Brown
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Center for Humanizing Critical Care, Intermountain Healthcare, Murray, UT
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT
| | - Craig N Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; and
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center and Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Salt Lake City, UT
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99909
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Hou TT, Han YD, Cong L, Liu CC, Liang XY, Xue FZ, Du YF. Apolipoprotein E Facilitates Amyloid-β Oligomer-Induced Tau Phosphorylation. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:521-534. [PMID: 32065788 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylated tau is one of the key characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and tau pathology correlates with cognitive impairment in AD better than amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Thus, a complete understanding of the relevant factors involved in tau phosphorylation is important for AD treatment. APOEɛ4, the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, was found to be involved in tau pathology in frontotemporal dementia. This result indicated that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) may also participate in tau phosphorylation in AD. In the present study, we injected Aβ oligomer (AβO) into the lateral ventricles of wild-type (WT) mice and apoE-/- mice to test the process of tau phosphorylation in the acute phase. We found that the phosphorylated tau and phosphokinase levels were higher in WT mice than in apoE-/- mice. These phenomena were also confirmed in vitro. ApoE ɛ4-treated apoE-/- neurons exhibited more phosphorylated tau than ApoE ɛ2- and ApoE ɛ3-treated neurons. We also found that AβO induced more serious inflammation in WT mice and in ApoE-positive cultured neurons. Anti-inflammatory treatment reduced the phosphorylated tau level induced by AβOs in ApoE-positive neurons. These results suggest that ApoE may facilitate the phosphorylation of tau induced by AβO via inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Dan Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Police Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cui-Cui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fu-Zhong Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-Feng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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99910
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Ponvilawan B, Vittayawacharin P, Tunsing P, Owattanapanich W. Efficacy of Targeted Immunotherapy as Induction or Salvage Therapy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211037434. [PMID: 34350787 PMCID: PMC8358501 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211037434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Monoclonal antibodies targeting cluster of differentiation (CD) proteins have been incorporated into standard treatments for multiple types of hematologic malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of using CD-targeted antibodies for ALL. Materials and Methods: The EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched for research papers using immunotherapy- and ALL-related terms from inception to July 2021. Eligible studies were randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies in which ALL patients received CD-targeted immunotherapy or conventional chemotherapy as the induction or salvage therapy. The reports had to report our primary outcomes of interest: overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), or complete remission (CR), with the patient number for each outcome. The effect estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) from each study were combined to calculate the pooled-effect estimate, using the Hantel-Maenszel method. Results: Five RCTs and 9 retrospective cohort studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. ALL patients given CD-targeted immunotherapy in the induction or salvage therapy had significantly higher OS and RFS rates than those administered conventional chemotherapy only, with pooled odds ratios (OR) of 2.11 (95% CI, 1.76-2.53; I2, 0%) and 2.25 (95% CI, 1.62-3.14; I2, 61%), respectively. The rates of achieving CR and minimal residual disease negativity were also higher for the immunotherapy group, with pooled ORs of 1.70 (95% CI, 1.07-2.69; I2, 79%) and 2.98 (95% CI, 1.17-7.58; I2, 90%), while developing less risk for febrile neutropenia (pooled OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08-0.58; I2, 84%). Subgroup analyses revealed that all antibody types yielded dramatically better OS rates than those for patients administered chemotherapy alone. Conclusions: The ALL patients receiving CD-targeted immunotherapy as induction or salvage therapy had significantly higher response rates and survival outcomes, as well as lower odds of acquiring febrile neutropenia, than the patients given conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ponvilawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 65106Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pongthep Vittayawacharin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 65106Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Tunsing
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 65106Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerapat Owattanapanich
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 65106Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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99911
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Li M, Li L, Li B, Hambly C, Wang G, Wu Y, Jin Z, Wang A, Niu C, Wolfrum C, Speakman JR. Brown adipose tissue is the key depot for glucose clearance in microbiota depleted mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4725. [PMID: 34354051 PMCID: PMC8342435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota deficient mice demonstrate accelerated glucose clearance. However, which tissues are responsible for the upregulated glucose uptake remains unresolved, with different studies suggesting that browning of white adipose tissue, or modulated hepatic gluconeogenesis, may be related to enhanced glucose clearance when the gut microbiota is absent. Here, we investigate glucose uptake in 22 different tissues in 3 different mouse models. We find that gut microbiota depletion via treatment with antibiotic cocktails (ABX) promotes glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and cecum. Nevertheless, the adaptive thermogenesis and the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) are dispensable for the increased glucose uptake and clearance. Deletion of Ucp1 expressing cells blunts the improvement of glucose clearance in ABX-treated mice. Our results indicate that BAT and cecum, but not white adipose tissue (WAT) or liver, contribute to the glucose uptake in the gut microbiota depleted mouse model and this response is dissociated from adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK
| | - Li Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Hypothalamic Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Baoguo Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Catherine Hambly
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK
| | - Yingga Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK
| | - Zengguang Jin
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Anyongqi Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health and Department of Health Sciences and Technology (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - John R. Speakman
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics (CCEAEG), Beijing, PR China ,grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
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99912
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Kobayashi J. Lifestyle-mediated nitric oxide boost to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection: A perspective. Nitric Oxide 2021; 115:55-61. [PMID: 34364972 PMCID: PMC8340570 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide and has seriously threatened public health by causing significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with preexisting endothelial dysfunction caused by aging, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity are at high risk for life-threatening thromboembolic complications. This suggests a possibility that reduced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and NO bioavailability could be a common underlying pathology for the progression of COVID-19. Increasingly, evidence from experimental and clinical studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection shows that NO inhibits the pathogenesis of COVID-19, including virus entry into host cells, viral replication, host immune response, and subsequent thromboembolic complications. Restoring NO bioavailability may have the potential to be a preventive or early-treatment option for COVID-19. This review aims to provide in-depth discussion of NO bioavailability to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly by focusing on lifestyle factors such as nitrate-rich diets, physical exercise, and nasal breathing, which could be easily performed on a daily basis to boost NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
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99913
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Kankeu Fonkoua LA, Yoon HH. Rapidly Evolving Treatment Landscape for Metastatic Esophagogastric Carcinoma: Review of Recent Data. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4361-4381. [PMID: 34385820 PMCID: PMC8352646 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s216047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophagogastric cancer (EGC) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies that collectively represent the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. While surgery in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy represents the primary curative treatment for early stage disease, survival outcomes for the majority of patients with later-stage disease remain poor. Cytotoxic chemotherapy with platinum doublets such as 5-FU/leucovorin/oxaliplatin is the mainstay of treatment with incremental benefits provided by targeted therapy (trastuzumab, trastuzumab deruxtecan, ramucirumab) and immunotherapy (pembrolizumab, nivolumab). In this article, we provide an updated review and perspectives on the management of advanced EGC. We examine the distinct epidemiological, etiological and molecular features of each disease entity comprising EGC. After reviewing the critical studies that established conventional systemic cytotoxic and targeted therapeutics, we elaborate on recent promising and complex data with immune checkpoint inhibition focusing on implications of tumor histology and PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment. We also highlight novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to build on these recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Aurelien Kankeu Fonkoua
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Harry H Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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99914
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Passeri L, Marta F, Bassi V, Gregori S. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell-Based Approaches in Auto immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8415. [PMID: 34445143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) dictate the outcomes of tissue-specific immune responses. In the context of autoimmune diseases, DCs instruct T cells to respond to antigens (Ags), including self-Ags, leading to organ damage, or to becoming regulatory T cells (Tregs) promoting and perpetuating immune tolerance. DCs can acquire tolerogenic properties in vitro and in vivo in response to several stimuli, a feature that opens the possibility to generate or to target DCs to restore tolerance in autoimmune settings. We present an overview of the different subsets of human DCs and of the regulatory mechanisms associated with tolerogenic (tol)DC functions. We review the role of DCs in the induction of tissue-specific autoimmunity and the current approaches exploiting tolDC-based therapies or targeting DCs in vivo for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Finally, we discuss limitations and propose future investigations for improving the knowledge on tolDCs for future clinical assessment to revert and prevent autoimmunity. The continuous expansion of tolDC research areas will lead to improving the understanding of the role that DCs play in the development and treatment of autoimmunity.
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99915
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Brooks JF, Behrendt CL, Ruhn KA, Lee S, Raj P, Takahashi JS, Hooper LV. The microbiota coordinates diurnal rhythms in innate immunity with the circadian clock. Cell 2021; 184:4154-4167.e12. [PMID: 34324837 PMCID: PMC8967342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental light cycles entrain circadian feeding behaviors in animals that produce rhythms in exposure to foodborne bacteria. Here, we show that the intestinal microbiota generates diurnal rhythms in innate immunity that synchronize with feeding rhythms to anticipate microbial exposure. Rhythmic expression of antimicrobial proteins was driven by daily rhythms in epithelial attachment by segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), members of the mouse intestinal microbiota. Rhythmic SFB attachment was driven by the circadian clock through control of feeding rhythms. Mechanistically, rhythmic SFB attachment activated an immunological circuit involving group 3 innate lymphoid cells. This circuit triggered oscillations in epithelial STAT3 expression and activation that produced rhythmic antimicrobial protein expression and caused resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium infection to vary across the day-night cycle. Thus, host feeding rhythms synchronize with the microbiota to promote rhythms in intestinal innate immunity that anticipate exogenous microbial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Brooks
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cassie L Behrendt
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kelly A Ruhn
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Syann Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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99916
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Behranvand N, Nasri F, Zolfaghari Emameh R, Khani P, Hosseini A, Garssen J, Falak R. Chemotherapy: a double-edged sword in cancer treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021. [PMID: 34355266 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a well-known and effective treatment for different cancers; unfortunately, it has not been as efficient in the eradication of all cancer cells as been expected. The mechanism of this failure was not fully clarified, yet. Meanwhile, alterations in the physiologic conditions of the tumor microenvironment (TME) were suggested as one of the underlying possibilities. Chemotherapy drugs can activate multiple signaling pathways and augment the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation may show two opposite roles in the TME. On the one hand, inflammation, as an innate immune response, tries to suppress tumor growth but on the other hand, it might be not powerful enough to eradicate the cancer cells and even it can provide appropriate conditions for cancer promotion and relapse as well. Therefore, the administration of mild anti-inflammatory drugs during chemotherapy might result in more successful clinical results. Here, we will review and discuss this hypothesis. Most chemotherapy agents are triggers of inflammation in the tumor microenvironment through inducing the production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) molecules. Some chemotherapy agents can induce systematic inflammation by provoking TLR4 signaling or triggering IL-1B secretion through the inflammasome pathway. NF-kB and MAPK are key signaling pathways of inflammation and could be activated by several chemotherapy drugs. Furthermore, inflammation can play a key role in cancer development, metastasis and exacerbation.
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99917
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Wilm TP, Tanton H, Mutter F, Foisor V, Middlehurst B, Ward K, Benameur T, Hastie N, Wilm B. Restricted differentiative capacity of Wt1-expressing peritoneal mesothelium in postnatal and adult mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15940. [PMID: 34354169 PMCID: PMC8342433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, genetic lineage tracing based on the mesothelial marker Wt1, appeared to show that peritoneal mesothelial cells have a range of differentiative capacities and are the direct progenitors of vascular smooth muscle in the intestine. However, it was not clear whether this was a temporally limited process or continued throughout postnatal life. Here, using a conditional Wt1-based genetic lineage tracing approach, we demonstrate that the postnatal and adult peritoneum covering intestine, mesentery and body wall only maintained itself and failed to contribute to other visceral tissues. Pulse-chase experiments of up to 6 months revealed that Wt1-expressing cells remained confined to the peritoneum and failed to differentiate into cellular components of blood vessels or other tissues underlying the peritoneum. Our data confirmed that the Wt1-lineage system also labelled submesothelial cells. Ablation of Wt1 in adult mice did not result in changes to the intestinal wall architecture. In the heart, we observed that Wt1-expressing cells maintained the epicardium and contributed to coronary vessels in newborn and adult mice. Our results demonstrate that Wt1-expressing cells in the peritoneum have limited differentiation capacities, and that contribution of Wt1-expressing cells to cardiac vasculature is based on organ-specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Wilm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Tanton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Fiona Mutter
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,ZIK Plasmatis "Plasma Redox Effects", Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Veronica Foisor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ben Middlehurst
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kelly Ward
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tarek Benameur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicholas Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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99918
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Abreu RB, Kirchenbaum GA, Sautto GA, Clutter EF, Ross TM. Impaired memory B-cell recall responses in the elderly following recurrent influenza vaccination. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254421. [PMID: 34351920 PMCID: PMC8341655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a highly contagious viral respiratory disease that affects million of people worldwide each year. Annual vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization with the goal of reducing influenza severity and limiting transmission through elicitation of antibodies targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein. The antibody response elicited by current seasonal influenza virus vaccines is predominantly strain-specific, but pre-existing influenza virus immunity can greatly impact the serological antibody response to vaccination. However, it remains unclear how B cell memory is shaped by recurrent annual vaccination over the course of multiple seasons, especially in high-risk elderly populations. Here, we systematically profiled the B cell response in young adult (18-34 year old) and elderly (65+ year old) vaccine recipients that received annual split inactivated influenza virus vaccination for 3 consecutive seasons. Specifically, the antibody serological and memory B-cell compartments were profiled for reactivity against current and historical influenza A virus strains. Moreover, multiparametric analysis and antibody landscape profiling revealed a transient increase in strain-specific antibodies in the elderly, but with an impaired recall response of pre-existing memory B-cells, plasmablast (PB) differentiation and long-lasting serological changes. This study thoroughly profiles and compares the immune response to recurrent influenza virus vaccination in young and elderly participants unveiling the pitfalls of current influenza virus vaccines in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B. Abreu
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Greg A. Kirchenbaum
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Giuseppe A. Sautto
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Emily F. Clutter
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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99919
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Sabbadini F, Bertolini M, De Matteis S, Mangiameli D, Contarelli S, Pietrobono S, Melisi D. The Multifaceted Role of TGF-β in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163960. [PMID: 34439114 PMCID: PMC8391793 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The transforming growth factor β signaling pathway elicits a broad range of physiological re-sponses, and its misregulation has been related to cancer. The secreted cytokine TGFβ exerts a tumor-suppressive effect that counteracts malignant transformation. However, once tumor has developed, TGFβ can support tumor progression regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis, stimulating fibrosis, angiogenesis and immune suppression. Here we review the dichotomous role of TGF-β in the progression of gastrointestinal tumors, as well as its intricate crosstalk with other signaling pathways. We also discuss about the therapeutic strate-gies that are currently explored in clinical trials to counteract TGF-β functions. Abstract Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a secreted cytokine that signals via serine/threonine kinase receptors and SMAD effectors. Although TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor during the early stages of tumorigenesis, it supports tumor progression in advanced stages. Indeed, TGF-β can modulate the tumor microenvironment by modifying the extracellular matrix and by sustaining a paracrine interaction between neighboring cells. Due to its critical role in cancer development and progression, a wide range of molecules targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway are currently under active clinical development in different diseases. Here, we focused on the role of TGF-β in modulating different pathological processes with a particular emphasis on gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sabbadini
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Monica Bertolini
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Serena De Matteis
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, AlmaMater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Mangiameli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Serena Contarelli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Pietrobono
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Davide Melisi
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
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99920
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Winkley K, Banerjee D, Bradley T, Koseva B, Cheung WA, Selvarangan R, Pastinen T, Grundberg E. Immune cell residency in the nasal mucosa may partially explain respiratory disease severity across the age range. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15927. [PMID: 34354210 PMCID: PMC8342554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies focusing on the age disparity in COVID-19 severity have suggested that younger individuals mount a more robust innate immune response in the nasal mucosa after infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, it is unclear if this reflects increased immune activation or increased immune residence in the nasal mucosa. We hypothesized that immune residency in the nasal mucosa of healthy individuals may differ across the age range. We applied single-cell RNA-sequencing and measured the cellular composition and transcriptional profile of the nasal mucosa in 35 SARS-CoV-2 negative children and adults, ranging in age from 4 months to 65 years. We analyzed in total of ~ 30,000 immune and epithelial cells and found that age and immune cell proportion in the nasal mucosa are inversely correlated, with little evidence for structural changes in the transcriptional state of a given cell type across the age range. Orthogonal validation by epigenome sequencing indicate that it is especially cells of the innate immune system that underlie the age-association. Additionally, we characterize the predominate immune cell type in the nasal mucosa: a resident T cell like population with potent antiviral properties. These results demonstrate fundamental changes in the immune cell makeup of the uninfected nasal mucosa over the lifespan. The resource we generate here is an asset for future studies focusing on respiratory infection and immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konner Winkley
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Dithi Banerjee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Todd Bradley
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Boryana Koseva
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Warren A Cheung
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Rangaraj Selvarangan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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99921
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Bughda R, Dimou P, D'Souza RR, Klampatsa A. Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP)-Targeted CAR-T Cells: Launching an Attack on Tumor Stroma. Immunotargets Ther 2021; 10:313-323. [PMID: 34386436 PMCID: PMC8354246 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s291767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a membrane protease that is highly expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). FAP can modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) by remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM), and its overexpression on CAFs is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. The TME is in part accountable for the limited efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in treatment of solid tumors. Targeting FAP with CAR-T cells is one of the strategies being researched to overcome the challenges in the TME. This review describes the role of FAP in the TME and its potential as a target in CAR-T cell immunotherapy, summarizes the preclinical studies and clinical trials of anti-FAP-CAR-T cells to date, and reviews possible optimizations to augment their cytotoxic efficiency in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyisa Bughda
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paraskevi Dimou
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Reena R D'Souza
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Astero Klampatsa
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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99922
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Abdollahi A, Salarvand S, Mehrtash V, Jafarzadeh B, Salehi M, Ghalehtaki R, Nateghi S. The Performance of SARS-CoV-2 Serology Testing in the Diagnosis of COVID-19. Iran J Pathol 2021; 17:65-70. [PMID: 35096090 PMCID: PMC8794569 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2021.526032.25971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been a reference test for diagnosing a disease since the very beginning of the pandemic. COVID-19 serology tests have also been developed and used to estimate the prevalence of individuals who have already been infected. We aimed to evaluate the performance of serology tests for the diagnosis of patients who had been referred to medical centers with acute symptoms. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 80 individuals suspected of COVID-19 who had been referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran, were examined. Upper respiratory tract specimens for RT-PCR and blood samples for COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibody level tests were collected and the results were compared. RESULTS The overall proportion in agreement, the agreement between positive results, and the agreement between negative results when comparing RT-PCR and IgM serology test were 40% (kappa = -0.006, P = 0.9), 32%, and 66.6%, respectively, and when comparing RT-PCR and IgG serology test were 46% (kappa = -0.006, P = 0.94), 43.5%, and 55.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION The absence of a gold standard method for the diagnosis of COVID-19 makes it very challenging to determine the true sensitivity and specificity of different methods. The study results revealed no agreement between the two methods; so the RT-PCR test for upper respiratory tract specimen cannot be replaced with COVID-19 serology test for the diagnosis of patients with acute symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Salarvand
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mehrtash
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Jafarzadeh
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Salehi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghalehtaki
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nateghi
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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99923
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Klugar M, Riad A, Mekhemar M, Conrad J, Buchbender M, Howaldt HP, Attia S. Side Effects of mRNA-Based and Viral Vector-Based COVID-19 Vaccines among German Healthcare Workers. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:752. [PMID: 34439984 PMCID: PMC8389568 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the increasing number of COVID-19 vaccines available to the public may trigger hesitancy or selectivity towards vaccination. This study aimed to evaluate the post-vaccination side effects of the different vaccines approved in Germany; Methods: a cross-sectional survey-based study was carried out using an online questionnaire validated and tested for a priori reliability. The questionnaire inquired about demographic data, medical and COVID-19-related anamneses, and local, systemic, oral, and skin-related side effects following COVID-19 vaccination; Results: out of the 599 participating healthcare workers, 72.3% were females, and 79.1% received mRNA-based vaccines, while 20.9% received a viral vector-based vaccine. 88.1% of the participants reported at least one side effect. Injection site pain (75.6%) was the most common local side effect, and headache/fatigue (53.6%), muscle pain (33.2%), malaise (25%), chills (23%), and joint pain (21.2%) were the most common systemic side effects. The vast majority (84.9%) of side effects resolved within 1-3 days post-vaccination; Conclusions: the mRNA-based vaccines were associated with a higher prevalence of local side effects (78.3% vs. 70.4%; Sig. = 0.064), while the viral vector-based vaccine was associated with a higher prevalence of systemic side effects (87.2% vs. 61%; Sig. < 0.001). Females and the younger age group were associated with an increased risk of side effects either after mRNA-based or viral vector-based vaccines. The gender- and age-based differences warrant further rigorous investigation and standardized methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (A.R.)
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Palackého náměstí 4, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Abanoub Riad
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Kiel University, Arnold Heller Str. 3, Haus B, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Jonas Conrad
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Kiel University, Arnold Heller Str. 3, Haus B, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Mayte Buchbender
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Hans-Peter Howaldt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Sameh Attia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
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99924
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Perišić Nanut M, Pawelec G, Kos J. Human CD4+ T-Cell Clone Expansion Leads to the Expression of the Cysteine Peptidase Inhibitor Cystatin F. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8408. [PMID: 34445118 PMCID: PMC8395124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) at relatively high levels under different pathological conditions in vivo suggests their role in protective and/or pathogenic immune functions. CD4+ CTLs utilize the fundamental cytotoxic effector mechanisms also utilized by CD8+ CTLs and natural killer cells. During long-term cultivation, CD4+ T cells were also shown to acquire cytotoxic functions. In this study, CD4+ human T-cell clones derived from activated peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy young adults were examined for the expression of cytotoxic machinery components. Cystatin F is a protein inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins, synthesized by CD8+ CTLs and natural killer cells. Cystatin F affects the cytotoxic efficacy of these cells by inhibiting the major progranzyme convertases cathepsins C and H as well as cathepsin L, which is involved in perforin activation. Here, we show that human CD4+ T-cell clones express the cysteine cathepsins that are involved in the activation of granzymes and perforin. CD4+ T-cell clones contained both the inactive, dimeric form as well as the active, monomeric form of cystatin F. As in CD8+ CTLs, cysteine cathepsins C and H were the major targets of cystatin F in CD4+ T-cell clones. Furthermore, CD4+ T-cell clones expressed the active forms of perforin and granzymes A and B. The levels of the cystatin F decreased with time in culture concomitantly with an increase in the activities of granzymes A and B. Therefore, our results suggest that cystatin F plays a role in regulating CD4+ T cell cytotoxicity. Since cystatin F can be secreted and taken up by bystander cells, our results suggest that CD4+ CTLs may also be involved in regulating immune responses through cystatin F secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Perišić Nanut
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15/3.008, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Rd, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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99925
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Ranjan K, Hedl M, Abraham C. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF186 and RNF186 risk variants regulate innate receptor-induced outcomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2013500118. [PMID: 34353900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013500118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Balancing microbial-induced cytokines and microbial clearance is critical at mucosal sites such as the intestine. How the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated gene RNF186 regulates this balance is unclear. We found that macrophages from IBD-risk rs6426833 carriers in the RNF186 region showed reduced cytokines to stimulation through multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Upon stimulation of PRRs, the E3-ubiquitin ligase RNF186 promoted ubiquitination of signaling complex molecules shared across PRRs and those unique to select PRRs. Furthermore, RNF186 was required for PRR-initiated signaling complex assembly and downstream signaling. RNF186, along with its intact E3-ubiquitin ligase activity, was required for optimal PRR-induced antimicrobial reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and autophagy pathways and intracellular bacterial clearance in human macrophages and for bacterial clearance in intestinal myeloid cells. Cells transfected with the rare RNF186-A64T IBD-risk variant and macrophages from common rs6426833 RNF186 IBD-risk carriers demonstrated a reduction in these RNF186-dependent outcomes. These studies identify mechanisms through which RNF186 regulates innate immunity and show that RNF186 IBD-risk variants demonstrate a loss of function in PRR-initiated outcomes.
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99926
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Ko YA, Yu YH, Wu YF, Tseng YC, Chen CL, Goh KS, Liao HY, Chen TH, Cheng TR, Yang AS, Wong CH, Ma C, Lin KI. A non-neutralizing antibody broadly protects against influenza virus infection by engaging effector cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009724. [PMID: 34352041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemagglutinin (HA) is the immunodominant protein of the influenza virus. We previously showed that mice injected with a monoglycosylated influenza A HA (HAmg) produced cross-strain-reactive antibodies and were better protected than mice injected with a fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) during lethal dose challenge. We employed a single B-cell screening platform to isolate the cross-protective monoclonal antibody (mAb) 651 from mice immunized with the HAmg of A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) influenza virus (Bris/07). The mAb 651 recognized the head domain of a broad spectrum of HAs from groups 1 and 2 influenza A viruses and offered prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) (Cal/09) and Bris/07 infections in mice. The antibody did not possess neutralizing activity; however, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis mediated by natural killer cells and alveolar macrophages were important in the protective efficacy of mAb 651. Together, this study highlighted the significance of effector functions for non-neutralizing antibodies to exhibit protection against influenza virus infection. The protective efficacy of antibodies is generally related to their neutralization potency. Here, we isolated a monoclonal antibody from mice injected with monoglycosylated hemagglutinin protein-based universal influenza vaccine, and demonstrated a head-domain recognizing, but non-neutralizing, monoclonal antibody carried prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against a broad spectrum of influenza virus infections in vivo via effector functions.
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99927
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Uher O, Huynh TT, Zhu B, Horn LA, Caisova V, Hadrava Vanova K, Medina R, Wang H, Palena C, Chmelar J, Zhuang Z, Zenka J, Pacak K. Identification of Immune Cell Infiltration in Murine Pheochromocytoma during Combined Mannan-BAM, TLR Ligand, and Anti-CD40 Antibody-Based Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3942. [PMID: 34439097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become an essential component in cancer treatment. However, the majority of solid metastatic cancers, such as pheochromocytoma, are resistant to this approach. Therefore, understanding immune cell composition in primary and distant metastatic tumors is important for therapeutic intervention and diagnostics. Combined mannan-BAM, TLR ligand, and anti-CD40 antibody-based intratumoral immunotherapy (MBTA therapy) previously resulted in the complete eradication of murine subcutaneous pheochromocytoma and demonstrated a systemic antitumor immune response in a metastatic model. Here, we further evaluated this systemic effect using a bilateral pheochromocytoma model, performing MBTA therapy through injection into the primary tumor and using distant (non-injected) tumors to monitor size changes and detailed immune cell infiltration. MBTA therapy suppressed the growth of not only injected but also distal tumors and prolonged MBTA-treated mice survival. Our flow cytometry analysis showed that MBTA therapy led to increased recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells in both tumors and the spleen. Moreover, adoptive CD4+ T cell transfer from successfully MBTA-treated mice (i.e., subcutaneous pheochromocytoma) demonstrates the importance of these cells in long-term immunological memory. In summary, this study unravels further details on the systemic effect of MBTA therapy and its use for tumor and metastasis reduction or even elimination.
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99928
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Melo MBG, Cunha LCS, Barreto CSP, de Oliveira Mendonça FA, Santos MLB, Sacramento D, de Jesus AR, Almeida RP, Dos Santos PL. Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) parasites affect the release of soluble CD14 by infected macrophages. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3325-3330. [PMID: 34351491 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functionally, cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) is a co-receptor of the complex formed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein expressed on the membrane of a variety of cells. However, CD14 can be shed from the cell membrane into the circulation as soluble CD14 (sCD14) upon cell activation. Previously, our group reported that elevated sCD14 serum levels were associated with the clinical and laboratory findings in the context of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), but not in the context of LPS stimulation or bacterial infection. In the present study, we investigated the secretion dynamics of sCD14 in the context of Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) in vitro infection. Macrophages from treated VL patients and delayed-type hypersensitivity positive (DTH+) subjects were infected with L. infantum (syn. L. chagasi) promastigotes, and the infection index was evaluated (number of amastigotes per 100 infected macrophages). Additionally, the levels of sCD14, Inteleukin (IL)10, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured in the culture supernatants using the Luminex assay. Interestingly, the release of sCD14 was inversely correlated with the L. infantum (syn. L. chagasi) infection index. Of note, the release of sCD14 was upregulated and downregulated in the context of infected macrophages from DTH+ subjects and treated VL patients, respectively. Additionally, we also observed that the levels of sCD14 in the culture supernatants were positively correlated with the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. Therefore, our data suggest that macrophages from treated VL patients and DTH+ subjects respond differently to L. infantum (syn. L. chagasi) infection in the context of the release of sCD14; therefore, the release of sCD14 may be associated with the outcome of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Barreto Gomes Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49060-100, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Luana Celina Seraphim Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49060-100, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Cárcia Santana Passos Barreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49060-100, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | | | - Micheli Luize Barbosa Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49060-100, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Danielle Sacramento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49060-100, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49060-100, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil.,Instituto de Investigação Em Imunologia, 05403-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Roque Pacheco Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49060-100, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil.,Instituto de Investigação Em Imunologia, 05403-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Priscila Lima Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49060-100, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil.
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99929
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug delivery to solid tumors remains a significant therapeutic challenge. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) home to tumor tissues and can be employed as tumor targeted drug/gene delivery vehicles. Reportedly, therapeutic gene- or anti-cancer drug-loaded MSCs have shown remarkable anti-tumor effects in preclinical studies, and some clinical trials for assessing therapeutic MSCs in patients with cancer have been registered. AREAS COVERED In the present review, we first discuss the source and interdonor heterogeneity of MSCs, their tumor-homing mechanism, and the route of MSC administration in MSC-based cancer therapy. We then summarize the therapeutic applications of MSCs as a drug delivery vehicle for therapeutic genes or anti-cancer drugs and the drug delivery mechanism from drug-loaded MSCs to cancer cells. EXPERT OPINION Although numerous preclinical studies have revealed significant anti-tumor effects, several clinical trials assessing MSC-based cancer gene therapy have failed to demonstrate corroborative results, documenting limited therapeutic effects. Notably, a successful clinical outcome with MSC-based cancer therapy would require the interdonor heterogeneity of administered MSCs to be resolved, along with improved tumor-homing efficiency and optimized drug delivery efficiency from MSCs to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiya Takayama
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
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99930
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Reyes-Farias M, Fos-Domenech J, Serra D, Herrero L, Sánchez-Infantes D. White adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and aging. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114723. [PMID: 34364887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both obesity and aging are associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is one of the mechanisms implicated in the progression of these diseases. Obesity and aging trigger adipose tissue alterations that ultimately lead to a pro-inflammatory phenotype of the adipose tissue-resident immune cells. Obesity and aging also share other features such as a higher visceral vs. subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio and a decreased lifespan. Here, we review the common characteristics of obesity and aging and the alterations in white adipose tissue and resident immune cells. We focus on the adipose tissue metabolic derangements in obesity and aging such as inflammation and adipose tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Reyes-Farias
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Fos-Domenech
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Sánchez-Infantes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), E-28922 Madrid, Spain.
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99931
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Zahra KF, Lefter R, Ali A, Abdellah EC, Trus C, Ciobica A, Timofte D. The Involvement of the Oxidative Stress Status in Cancer Pathology: A Double View on the Role of the Antioxidants. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:9965916. [PMID: 34394838 PMCID: PMC8360750 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9965916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are known by their "double-sided" nature in biological systems. The beneficial effects of ROS involve physiological roles as weapons in the arsenal of the immune system (destroying bacteria within phagocytic cells) and role in programmed cell death (apoptosis). On the other hand, the redox imbalance in favor of the prooxidants results in an overproduction of the ROS/RNS leading to oxidative stress. This imbalance can, therefore, be related to oncogenic stimulation. High levels of ROS disrupt cellular processes by nonspecifically attacking proteins, lipids, and DNA. It appears that DNA damage is the key player in cancer initiation and the formation of 8-OH-G, a potential biomarker for carcinogenesis. The harmful effect of ROS is neutralized by an antioxidant protection treatment as they convert ROS into less reactive species. However, contradictory epidemiological results show that supplementation above physiological doses recommended for antioxidants and taken over a long period can lead to harmful effects and even increase the risk of cancer. Thus, we are describing here some of the latest updates on the involvement of oxidative stress in cancer pathology and a double view on the role of the antioxidants in this context and how this could be relevant in the management and pathology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Fatima Zahra
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials/Agri-Food and Health, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Radu Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, 8th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Ech-Chahad Abdellah
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Constantin Trus
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dunarea de Jos University, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Timofte
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Universitatii 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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99932
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Littera R, Chessa L, Deidda S, Angioni G, Campagna M, Lai S, Melis M, Cipri S, Firinu D, Santus S, Lai A, Porcella R, Rassu S, Meloni F, Schirru D, Cordeddu W, Kowalik MA, Ragatzu P, Vacca M, Cannas F, Alba F, Carta MG, Del Giacco S, Restivo A, Deidda S, Palimodde A, Congera P, Perra R, Orrù G, Pes F, Loi M, Murru C, Urru E, Onali S, Coghe F, Giglio S, Perra A. Natural killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors trigger differences in immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255608. [PMID: 34352002 PMCID: PMC8341547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diversity in the clinical course of COVID-19 has been related to differences in innate and adaptative immune response mechanisms. Natural killer (NK) lymphocytes are critical protagonists of human host defense against viral infections. It would seem that reduced circulating levels of these cells have an impact on COVID-19 progression and severity. Their activity is strongly regulated by killer-cell immuno-globulin-like receptors (KIRs) expressed on the NK cell surface. The present study’s focus was to investigate the impact of KIRs and their HLA Class I ligands on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods KIR gene frequencies, KIR haplotypes, KIR ligands and combinations of KIRs and their HLA Class I ligands were investigated in 396 Sardinian patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comparisons were made between 2 groups of patients divided according to disease severity: 240 patients were symptomatic or paucisymptomatic (Group A), 156 hospitalized patients had severe disease (Group S). The immunogenetic characteristics of patients were also compared to a population group of 400 individuals from the same geographical areas. Results Substantial differences were obtained for KIR genes, KIR haplotypes and KIR-HLA ligand combinations when comparing patients of Group S to those of Group A. Patients in Group S had a statistically significant higher frequency of the KIR A/A haplotype compared to patients in Group A [34.6% vs 23.8%, OR = 1.7 (95% CI 1.1–2.6); P = 0.02, Pc = 0.04]. Moreover, the KIR2DS2/HLA C1 combination was poorly represented in the group of patients with severe symptoms compared to those of the asymptomatic-paucisymptomatic group [33.3% vs 50.0%, OR = 0.5 (95% CI 0.3–0.8), P = 0.001, Pc = 0.002]. Multivariate analysis confirmed that, regardless of the sex and age of the patients, the latter genetic variable correlated with a less severe disease course [ORM = 0.4 (95% CI 0.3–0.7), PM = 0.0005, PMC = 0.005]. Conclusions The KIR2DS2/HLA C1 functional unit resulted to have a strong protective effect against the adverse outcomes of COVID-19. Combined to other well known factors such as advanced age, male sex and concomitant autoimmune diseases, this marker could prove to be highly informative of the disease course and thus enable the timely intervention needed to reduce the mortality associated with the severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, larger studies in other populations as well as experimental functional studies will be needed to confirm our findings and further pursue the effect of KIR receptors on NK cell immune-mediated response to SARS-Cov-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Littera
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Sardinian Regional Company for the Protection of Health (ATS Sardegna), Cagliari, Italy
- Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation O.d.V., Non Profit Organisation, Cagliari, Italy
- * E-mail: (RL); (LC); (SG); (AP)
| | - Luchino Chessa
- Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation O.d.V., Non Profit Organisation, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- * E-mail: (RL); (LC); (SG); (AP)
| | - Silvia Deidda
- Complex Structure of Pneumology, SS Trinità Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Goffredo Angioni
- Complex Structure of Infectious Diseases, SS Trinità Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Lai
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Sardinian Regional Company for the Protection of Health (ATS Sardegna), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Melis
- Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation O.d.V., Non Profit Organisation, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Selene Cipri
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Sardinian Regional Company for the Protection of Health (ATS Sardegna), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Lai
- Local Crisis Unit (UCL), ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rita Porcella
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Sardinian Regional Company for the Protection of Health (ATS Sardegna), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefania Rassu
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Sardinian Regional Company for the Protection of Health (ATS Sardegna), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniele Schirru
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - William Cordeddu
- Complex Structure of Infectious Diseases, SS Trinità Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Kowalik
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Ragatzu
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Sardinian Regional Company for the Protection of Health (ATS Sardegna), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monica Vacca
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Cannas
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Alba
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Sardinian Regional Company for the Protection of Health (ATS Sardegna), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelo Restivo
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Deidda
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Palimodde
- Complex Structure of Pneumology, SS Trinità Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Congera
- Complex Structure of Pneumology, SS Trinità Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Perra
- Complex Structure of Pneumology, SS Trinità Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Molecular Biology Service Laboratory, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pes
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Martina Loi
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Murru
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Urru
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Onali
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Coghe
- Clinical Chemical and Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Giglio
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Local Public Health and Social Care Unit (ASSL) of Cagliari, Sardinian Regional Company for the Protection of Health (ATS Sardegna), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- * E-mail: (RL); (LC); (SG); (AP)
| | - Andrea Perra
- Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation O.d.V., Non Profit Organisation, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- * E-mail: (RL); (LC); (SG); (AP)
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99933
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Ordonez AA, Abhishek S, Singh AK, Klunk MH, Azad BB, Aboagye EO, Carroll L, Jain SK. Caspase-Based PET for Evaluating Pro-Apoptotic Treatments in a Tuberculosis Mouse Model. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1489-1494. [PMID: 32232626 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite recent advances in antimicrobial treatments, tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health threat. Mycobacterium tuberculosis proliferates in macrophages, preventing apoptosis by inducing anti-apoptotic proteins leading to necrosis of the infected cells. Necrosis then leads to increased tissue destruction, reducing the penetration of antimicrobials and immune cells to the areas where they are needed most. Pro-apoptotic drugs could be used as host-directed therapies in TB to improve antimicrobial treatments and patient outcomes. PROCEDURE We evaluated [18F]-ICMT-11, a caspase-3/7-specific positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, in macrophage cell cultures and in an animal model of pulmonary TB that closely resembles human disease. RESULTS Cells infected with M. tuberculosis and treated with cisplatin accumulated [18F]-ICMT-11 at significantly higher levels compared with that of controls, which correlated with levels of caspase-3/7 activity. Infected mice treated with cisplatin with increased caspase-3/7 activity also had a higher [18F]-ICMT-11 PET signal compared with that of untreated infected animals. CONCLUSIONS [18F]-ICMT-11 PET could be used as a noninvasive approach to measure intralesional pro-apoptotic responses in situ in pulmonary TB models and support the development of pro-apoptotic host-directed therapies for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Abhishek
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alok K Singh
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mariah H Klunk
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Babak Benham Azad
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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99934
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Gao S, Wang Z, Wang L, Wang H, Yuan H, Liu X, Chen S, Chen Z, de Thé H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Zhou J. Irf2bp2a regulates terminal granulopoiesis through proteasomal degradation of Gfi1aa in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009693. [PMID: 34351909 PMCID: PMC8370619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays important roles in various biological processes as it degrades the majority of cellular proteins. Adequate proteasomal degradation of crucial transcription regulators ensures the proper development of neutrophils. The ubiquitin E3 ligase of Growth factor independent 1 (GFI1), a key transcription repressor governing terminal granulopoiesis, remains obscure. Here we report that the deficiency of the ring finger protein Interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2a (Irf2bp2a) leads to an impairment of neutrophils differentiation in zebrafish. Mechanistically, Irf2bp2a functions as a ubiquitin E3 ligase targeting Gfi1aa for proteasomal degradation. Moreover, irf2bp2a gene is repressed by Gfi1aa, thus forming a negative feedback loop between Irf2bp2a and Gfi1aa during neutrophils maturation. Different levels of GFI1 may turn it into a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in malignant myelopoiesis. Therefore, discovery of certain drug targets GFI1 for proteasomal degradation by IRF2BP2 might be an effective anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Luxiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of hematology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JZ); (JZ)
| | - Jun Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JZ); (JZ)
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JZ); (JZ)
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99935
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Markmann C, Bhoj VG. On the road to eliminating long-lived plasma cells-"are we there yet?". Immunol Rev 2021; 303:154-167. [PMID: 34351644 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Central to protective humoral immunity is the activation of B cells and their terminal differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) may survive for years to decades. Such long-lived plasma cells are also responsible for producing pathogenic antibodies that cause a variety of challenges such as autoimmunity, allograft rejection, and drug neutralization. Up to now, various therapeutic strategies aimed at durably eliminating pathogenic antibodies have failed, in large part due to their inability to efficiently target LLPCs. Several antibody-based therapies have recently gained regulatory approval or are in clinical phases of development for the treatment of multiple myeloma, a malignancy of plasma cells. We discuss the exciting potential of using these emerging cancer immunotherapies to solve the antibody problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Markmann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Vijay G Bhoj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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99936
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Stoltzfus CR, Sivakumar R, Kunz L, Olin Pope BE, Menietti E, Speziale D, Adelfio R, Bacac M, Colombetti S, Perro M, Gerner MY. Multi-Parameter Quantitative Imaging of Tumor Microenvironments Reveals Perivascular Immune Niches Associated With Anti-Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:726492. [PMID: 34421928 PMCID: PMC8375665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are populated by a multitude of immune cell types with varied phenotypic and functional properties, which can either promote or inhibit anti-tumor responses. Appropriate localization and function of these cells within tumors is critical for protective immunity, with CD8 T cell infiltration being a biomarker of disease outcome and therapeutic efficacy. Recent multiplexed imaging approaches have revealed highly complex patterns of localization for these immune cell subsets and the generation of distinct tumor microenvironments (TMEs), which can vary among cancer types, individuals, and within individual tumors. While it is recognized that TMEs play a pivotal role in disease progression, a better understanding of their composition, organization, and heterogeneity, as well as how distinct TMEs are reshaped with immunotherapy, is necessary. Here, we performed spatial analysis using multi-parameter confocal imaging, histocytometry, and CytoMAP to study the microanatomical organization of immune cells in two widely used preclinical cancer models, the MC38 colorectal and KPC pancreatic murine tumors engineered to express human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Immune responses were examined in either unperturbed tumors or after immunotherapy with a CEA T cell bispecific (CEA-TCB) surrogate antibody and anti-PD-L1 treatment. CEA-TCB mono and combination immunotherapy markedly enhanced intra-tumoral cellularity of CD8 T cells, dominantly driven by the expansion of TCF1-PD1+ effector T cells and with more minor increases in TCF1+PD1+ resource CD8 T cells. The majority of infiltrating T cells, particularly resource CD8 T cells, were colocalized with dendritic cells (DCs) or activated MHCII+ macrophages, but largely avoided the deeper tumor nest regions composed of cancer cells and non-activated macrophages. These myeloid cell - T cell aggregates were found in close proximity to tumor blood vessels, generating perivascular immune niches. This perivascular TME was present in untreated samples and markedly increased after CEA-TCB therapy, with its relative abundance positively associated with response to therapy. Together, these studies demonstrate the utility of advanced spatial analysis in cancer research by revealing that blood vessels are key organizational hubs of innate and adaptive immune cells within tumors, and suggesting the likely relevance of the perivascular immune TME in disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb R. Stoltzfus
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ramya Sivakumar
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Leo Kunz
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Brandy E. Olin Pope
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elena Menietti
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Dario Speziale
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Adelfio
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sara Colombetti
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Mario Perro
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Michael Y. Gerner
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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99937
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Krenn V, Bosone C, Burkard TR, Spanier J, Kalinke U, Calistri A, Salata C, Rilo Christoff R, Pestana Garcez P, Mirazimi A, Knoblich JA. Organoid modeling of Zika and herpes simplex virus 1 infections reveals virus-specific responses leading to microcephaly. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1362-1379.e7. [PMID: 33838105 PMCID: PMC7611471 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection in early pregnancy is a major cause of microcephaly. However, how distinct viruses impair human brain development remains poorly understood. Here we use human brain organoids to study the mechanisms underlying microcephaly caused by Zika virus (ZIKV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). We find that both viruses efficiently replicate in brain organoids and attenuate their growth by causing cell death. However, transcriptional profiling reveals that ZIKV and HSV-1 elicit distinct cellular responses and that HSV-1 uniquely impairs neuroepithelial identity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, although both viruses fail to potently induce the type I interferon system, the organoid defects caused by their infection can be rescued by distinct type I interferons. These phenotypes are not seen in 2D cultures, highlighting the superiority of brain organoids in modeling viral infections. These results uncover virus-specific mechanisms and complex cellular immune defenses associated with virus-induced microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Krenn
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Camilla Bosone
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Julia Spanier
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hanover Medical School, Hanover 30625, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hanover Medical School, Hanover 30625, Germany; Cluster of Excellence - Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hanover Medical School, Hanover 30625, Germany
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Raissa Rilo Christoff
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pestana Garcez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden; National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala 75189, Sweden
| | - Jürgen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria.
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99938
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Kučić N, Rački V, Šverko R, Vidović T, Grahovac I, Mršić-Pelčić J. Immunometabolic Modulatory Role of Naltrexone in BV-2 Microglia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168429. [PMID: 34445130 PMCID: PMC8395119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist commonly used to treat opioid and alcohol dependence. The use of low dose naltrexone (LDN) was found to have anti-inflammatory properties for treatment of diseases such as fibromyalgia, Crohn’s disease, multiple sclerosis and regional pain syndromes. Related to its anti-neuroinflammatory properties, the mechanism of action is possibly mediated via Toll-like receptor 4 antagonism, which is widely expressed on microglial cells. The aim of the present study was to assess the immunometabolic effects of naltrexone on microglia cells in in vitro conditions. Methods: All experiments were performed in the BV-2 microglial cell line. The cells were treated with naltrexone at 100 μM concentrations corresponding to low dose for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed for every drug dose. To induce additional activation, the cells were pretreated with LPS and IFN-γ. Immunofluorescence was used to analyse the classical microglial activation markers iNOS and CD206, while Seahorse was used for real-time cellular metabolic assessments. mTOR activity measured over the expression of a major direct downstream target S6K was assessed using western blot. Results: LDN induced a shift from highly activated pro-inflammatory phenotype (iNOShighCD206low) to quiescent anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype (iNOSlowCD206high) in BV-2 microglia cells. Changes in the inflammatory profile were accompanied by cellular metabolic switching based on the transition from high glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). LDN-treated cells were able to maintain a metabolically suppressive phenotype by supporting OXPHOS with high oxygen consumption, and also maintain a lower energetic state due to lower lactate production. The metabolic shift induced by transition from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism was more prominent in cells pretreated with immunometabolic modulators such as LPS and IFN-γ. In a dose-dependent manner, naltrexone also modulated mTOR/S6K expression, which underlies the cell metabolic phenotype regulating microglia immune properties and adaptation. Conclusion: By modulating the phenotypic features by metabolic switching of activated microglia, naltrexone was found to be an effective and powerful tool for immunometabolic reprogramming and could be a promising novel treatment for various neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kučić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-51-651-192; Fax: +385-51-675-699
| | - Valentino Rački
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Roberta Šverko
- Emergency Department, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (R.Š.); (T.V.)
| | - Toni Vidović
- Emergency Department, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (R.Š.); (T.V.)
| | - Irena Grahovac
- Pharmacy Irena Grahovac, Trg I. Istarske brigade 5, 52100 Pula, Croatia;
| | - Jasenka Mršić-Pelčić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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99939
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Ealy AD, Speckhart SL, Wooldridge LK. Cytokines That Serve as Embryokines in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082313. [PMID: 34438770 PMCID: PMC8388520 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review will explore how some cytokines also influence early embryonic development. We term these types of molecules as embryokines. Understanding how cytokines serve as embryokines could offer new opportunities to improve embryo development and the overall health of the embryo so that pregnancies will be retained after embryo transfer and so that viable offspring are produced. At least two cytokines may offer these benefits to bovine embryos produced in vitro. Additional cytokines also are identified in this review that may contain beneficial activities on bovine embryos. Abstract The term “embryokine” has been used to denote molecules produced by the endometrium, oviduct, or by embryo itself that will influence embryo development. Several cytokines have been identified as embryokines in cattle and other mammals. This review will describe how these cytokines function as embryokines, with special emphasis being placed on their actions on in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos. Embryokines are being explored for their ability to overcome the poor development rates of IVP embryos and to limit post-transfer pregnancy retention efficiencies that exist in IVP embryos. This review will focus on describing two of the best-characterized cytokines, colony-stimulating factor 2 and interleukin 6, for their ability to modify bovine embryo quality and confirmation, promote normal fetal development, and generate healthy calves. Additional cytokines will also be discussed for their potential to serve as embryokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D. Ealy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Savannah L. Speckhart
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
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99940
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Zhang X, Sun Z, Guo S, Zhang J, Gu W, Chen Z, Huang L. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase March1 Facilitates OX40L Expression in Allergen-Stimulated Dendritic Cells Through Mediating the Ubiquitination of HDAC11. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:955-966. [PMID: 34385821 PMCID: PMC8352640 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s318104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It was demonstrated that membrane-associated RING-CH 1 (March 1) might play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Methods The levels of mRNA and protein were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Immunofluorescence assay was used to determine whether March1 co-locates with HDAC11. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to examine the combination of proteins. Moreover, luciferase assay was used to measure the promoter activity of genes. Results The mRNA and protein levels of both March1 and OX40 ligand (OX40L) were increased in the dendritic cells (DCs) from asthmatic children and asthmatic animals. Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) protein was decreased in the DCs from asthmatic children and asthmatic model. Increasing of March1 or decreasing of March1 only affect the expression of HDAC11 in protein level. Besides, increasing of HDAC11 could inhibit OX40L expression, and decreasing of HDAC11 promoted OX40L expression in house dust mites (HDMs)-treated DCs. Increasing of HDAC11 notably reversed the promotion of March1 to OX40L expression. Our data further proved that March1 reduced the protein level of HDAC11 through inducing ubiquitination and degradation. HDAC11 combined with krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) to decrease the activity of OX40L gene promoter, thus to downregulate the level of OX40L. Conclusion Overall, our data showed that HDAC11 promoted KLF4-dependent OX40L decreasing. However, March1 promoted OX40L expression through enhancing the ubiquitination and degradation of HDAC11 and subsequent blocking the inhibition of HDAC11 to OX40L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Sun
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215003, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyu Guo
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Gu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215003, People's Republic of China
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99941
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Djekidel MN, Rosikiewicz W, Peng JC, Kanneganti TD, Hui Y, Jin H, Hedges D, Schreiner P, Fan Y, Wu G, Xu B. CovidExpress: an interactive portal for intuitive investigation on SARS-CoV-2 related transcriptomes. bioRxiv 2021:2021.05.14.444026. [PMID: 34075382 PMCID: PMC8168395 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.14.444026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in humans could cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since its first discovery in Dec 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic and caused 3.3 million direct/indirect deaths (2021 May). Amongst the scientific community's response to COVID-19, data sharing has emerged as an essential aspect of the combat against SARS-CoV-2. Despite the ever-growing studies about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, to date, only a few databases were curated to enable access to gene expression data. Furthermore, these databases curated only a small set of data and do not provide easy access for investigators without computational skills to perform analyses. To fill this gap and advance open-access to the growing gene expression data on this deadly virus, we collected about 1,500 human bulk RNA-seq datasets from publicly available resources, developed a database and visualization tool, named CovidExpress (https://stjudecab.github.io/covidexpress). This open access database will allow research investigators to examine the gene expression in various tissues, cell lines, and their response to SARS-CoV-2 under different experimental conditions, accelerating the understanding of the etiology of this disease to inform the drug and vaccine development. Our integrative analysis of this big dataset highlights a set of commonly regulated genes in SARS-CoV-2 infected lung and Rhinovirus infected nasal tissues, including OASL that were under-studied in COVID-19 related reports. Our results also suggested a potential FURIN positive feedback loop that might explain the evolutional advantage of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nadhir Djekidel
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Jamy C. Peng
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | | | - Yawei Hui
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Hongjian Jin
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Dale Hedges
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Patrick Schreiner
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
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99942
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Wei YH, He YZ, Guo XY, Lin XY, Zhu HB, Guo XJ. Investigation and Analysis of Iron-Deficiency Anemia Complicated by Splenomegaly. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:4155-4159. [PMID: 34385835 PMCID: PMC8352643 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s324164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the incidence of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) complicated by splenomegaly in our hospital over the past 6 years and to analyze the possible causes of this result. Methods This is a retrospective study. In total, 668 patients with IDA who were hospitalized in the hematology department of our hospital from 2013 to 2019 were selected as the research subjects and included in the IDA group, and 3201 patients who underwent outpatient physical examinations in our hospital during the same period were included in the control group. The incidences of splenomegaly in the IDA and control groups were calculated, and the difference was analyzed by means of statistical methods. Results Among the 668 IDA patients, 46 (6.9%) had splenomegaly, and among the 3201 patients in the control group, 21 had splenomegaly (0.7%). The incidence of splenomegaly was significantly higher in the IDA group than in the control group, and the severity of anemia in the IDA group was associated with the occurrence of splenomegaly. Specifically, the incidence of splenomegaly was 12.4% among patients with severe anemia and as high as 50% among patients with extremely severe anemia. Conclusion IDA is correlated with the incidence of splenomegaly, and the incidence of splenomegaly significantly increases as the severity of IDA increases. This is considered to be caused by extramedullary hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Wei
- Department of Graduate School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhuo He
- Department of Hematology, Puyang Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang, Henan Province, 457000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Guo
- Department of Graduate School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lin
- Department of Hematology, Puyang Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang, Henan Province, 457000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Puyang Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang, Henan Province, 457000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jun Guo
- Department of Hematology, Puyang Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang, Henan Province, 457000, People's Republic of China
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99943
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Wang L, Cheng B, Ju Q, Sun BK. AhR Regulates Peptidoglycan-Induced Inflammatory Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:124-134. [PMID: 34352786 DOI: 10.1159/000517627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) stimulates toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on the surface of keratinocytes (KCs), triggering signaling pathways that promote an innate immune response. However, excessive TLR2 activation can lead to inappropriate inflammation, which contributes to skin conditions such as rosacea. To better treat these conditions, there is a need to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate the cellular response to TLR2 activation in the skin. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that modulates the immune response in KCs and is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory skin diseases. Here, we investigated the role of the AhR in regulating the transcriptional response of human KCs to PGN. We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing in wild-type and AhR-depleted KCs after PGN stimulation. AhR depletion altered the expression of 72 genes in response to PGN, leading to increased expression of 48 genes and repression of 24 genes, including interleukin (IL)-1β. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that PGN stimulation resulted in AhR binding the promoters of IL-1β and IL-6 to activate them. More broadly, AhR promoted inflammatory gene expression by increasing JNK/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and FosB expression. Finally, we observed that AhR depletion increased TLR2 expression itself, raising the hypothesis that AhR may serve to restrain TLR2-mediated inflammation in KCs through negative feedback. Viewed together, our findings demonstrate a significant and complex role for AhR in modulating the expression of inflammatory genes in KCs in response to PGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Binbin Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Qiang Ju
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bryan K Sun
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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99944
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Dumas AA, Borst K, Prinz M. Current tools to interrogate microglial biology. Neuron 2021:S0896-6273(21)00503-1. [PMID: 34390649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells perform a plethora of functions in the central nervous system (CNS), involving them in brain development, maintenance of homeostasis in adulthood, and CNS diseases. Significant technical advancements have prompted the development of novel systems adapted to analyze microglia with increasing specificity and intricacy. The advent of single-cell technologies combined with targeted mouse models has been decisive in deciphering microglia heterogeneity and dissecting microglial functions. However sophisticated these tools have become, clear limitations remain. Understanding their pitfalls and advantages ensures their correct application. Therefore, we provide a guide to the cutting-edge methods currently available to dissect microglial biology.
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99945
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Domerecka W, Kowalska-Kępczyńska A, Michalak A, Homa-Mlak I, Mlak R, Cichoż-Lach H, Małecka-Massalska T. Etiopathogenesis and Diagnostic Strategies in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081418. [PMID: 34441353 PMCID: PMC8393562 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease with the incidence of 10 to 17 per 100,000 people in Europe. It affects people of any age, but most often occurs in the 40-60 age group. The clinical picture is varied, from asymptomatic to severe acute hepatitis or liver failure. The disease onset is probably associated with the impaired function of T lymphocytes, the development of molecular mimicry, intestinal dysbiosis, or infiltration with low density neutrophils, which, alongside autoantibodies (i.e., ANA, ASMA), implicate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), as a component of the disease process, and mediate the inappropriate immune response. AIH is characterized with an increased activity of aminotransferases, elevated concentration of serum immunoglobulin G, the presence of circulating autoantibodies and liver inflammation. The result of the histological examination of the liver and the presence of autoantibodies, although not pathognomonic, still remain a distinguishing feature. The diagnosis of AIH determines lifelong treatment in most patients. The treatment is implemented to prevent the development of cirrhosis and end-stage liver failure. This work focuses mainly on the etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Domerecka
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Kowalska-Kępczyńska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Chair of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Michalak
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Homa-Mlak
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radosław Mlak
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Halina Cichoż-Lach
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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99946
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Kumar S, Koenig J, Schneider A, Wermeling F, Boddul S, Theobald SJ, Vollmer M, Kloos D, Lachmann N, Klawonn F, Lienenklaus S, Talbot SR, Bleich A, Wenzel N, von Kaisenberg C, Keck J, Stripecke R. In Vivo Lentiviral Gene Delivery of HLA-DR and Vaccination of Humanized Mice for Improving the Human T and B Cell Immune Reconstitution. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080961. [PMID: 34440166 PMCID: PMC8393476 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized mouse models generated with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and reconstituting the human immune system (HIS-mice) are invigorating preclinical testing of vaccines and immunotherapies. We have recently shown that human engineered dendritic cells boosted bonafide human T and B cell maturation and antigen-specific responses in HIS-mice. Here, we evaluated a cell-free system based on in vivo co-delivery of lentiviral vectors (LVs) for expression of a human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DRA*01/ HLA-DRB1*0401 functional complex, “DR4”), and a LV vaccine expressing human cytokines (GM-CSF and IFN-α) and a human cytomegalovirus gB antigen (HCMV-gB). Humanized NOD/Rag1null/IL2Rγnull (NRG) mice injected by i.v. with LV-DR4/fLuc showed long-lasting (up to 20 weeks) vector distribution and expression in the spleen and liver. In vivo administration of the LV vaccine after LV-DR4/fLuc delivery boosted the cellularity of lymph nodes, promoted maturation of terminal effector CD4+ T cells, and promoted significantly higher development of IgG+ and IgA+ B cells. This modular lentigenic system opens several perspectives for basic human immunology research and preclinical utilization of LVs to deliver HLAs into HIS-mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.K.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Koenig
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.K.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), DZIF Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneider
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.K.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, 17177 Solna, Sweden; (F.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Sanjaykumar Boddul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, 17177 Solna, Sweden; (F.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Sebastian J. Theobald
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50924 Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Vollmer
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.K.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Doreen Kloos
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Biostatistics Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Institute for Information Engineering, Ostfalia University, D-38302 Wolfenbuettel, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.L.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Steven R. Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.L.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.L.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Nadine Wenzel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Constantin von Kaisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - James Keck
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA 95838, USA;
| | - Renata Stripecke
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.K.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), DZIF Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-6999
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99947
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Zhou C, Zhang Y, Hu X, Fang M, Xiao S. The effect of marital and insurance status on the survival of elderly patients with stage M1b colon cancer: a SEER-based study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:891. [PMID: 34353300 PMCID: PMC8340368 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is largely implicated in elderly patients (age ≥ 60 years). The prognosis of patients diagnosed with the M1b stage is vastly poor. Marital and insurance status has been considered important prognostic factors in various cancer types. However, how these factors influence elderly patients with stage M1b colon cancer remains to be explored. This study aims to uncover the role of marital and insurance status in the survival of elderly patients with stage M1b colon cancer. METHODS We retrieved data for patients diagnosed with stage M1b colon cancer between 2010 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Our analysis of the clinicopathological features, overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was based on the marital and insurance status, respectively. RESULTS In sum, 5709 stage M1b colon cancer patients with complete information from SEER were enrolled for analysis. The OS and CSS of the Non-married group were poorer compared to that of the Married group. The OS and CSS of the Uninsured group were poorer than both of the Insured group and Medicaid group. However, OS was comparable between Uninsured group and Medicaid groups. The findings allude that marital and insurance status potentially impact the long-term survival of elderly patients with M1b colon cancer. The subgroup survival analyses revealed the lowest risk for death among the Insured Married group based on the comparison of the OS and CSS across all other groups. Moreover, Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed race, marital status, surgery, and chemotherapy as independent predictors for OS, whereas insurance status, surgery,and chemotherapy were independent predictors for CSS in elderly patients with M1b colon cancer. CONCLUSION The marital and insurance status greatly impact the survival of elderly patients with M1b colon cancer. Therefore, it is imperative to provide more support to this vulnerable patient group who are lonely and uninsured, particularly in the psychological and health insurance aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhou
- Department of general surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Institute of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South, Hengyang, China
| | - Xi Hu
- Department of general surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Shuai Xiao
- Institute of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South, Hengyang, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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99948
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Sasanfar B, Toorang F, Mozafari Nia M, Salehi-Abargouei A, Zendehdel K. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Breast Cancer: report from a Large-Scale Case-Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1692-1700. [PMID: 34352190 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1957489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between diet, including its inflammatory potential, and breast cancer has led to inconsistent results. We investigated the association between a dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the odds of breast cancer in a large case-control study among women. METHODS This case-control study was carried out on 412 women with pathologically confirmed breast cancer and 456 apparently healthy controls. DII scores were calculated from dietary intake data. Multi-variable adjusted logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios for breast cancer across quartiles of DII. RESULTS A total participants aged 45 ± 10.8 years were included in the present study. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals in the highest quartile of DII scores had 1.5 times higher odds of breast cancer than those with the lowest (OR= 1.56; 95%CI: 1.04-2.35, Ptrend=0.02). Premenopausal women with the greatest DII had higher odds for breast cancer, compared with those with the lowest DII (OR= 1.92; 95% CI: 1.14-3.25, Ptrend=0.01). No significant association was seen between DII and odds of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION Dietary inflammatory index might be directly associated with odds of breast cancer particularly in premenopausal women. Prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Sasanfar
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Toorang
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Mozafari Nia
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Breast Diseases Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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99949
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Wu JW, Jung Y, Yeh SCA, Seo Y, Runnels JM, Burns CS, Mizoguchi T, Ito K, Spencer JA, Lin CP. Intravital fluorescence microscopy with negative contrast. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255204. [PMID: 34351959 PMCID: PMC8341626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in intravital microscopy (IVM) have enabled the studies of cellular organization and dynamics in the native microenvironment of intact organisms with minimal perturbation. The abilities to track specific cell populations and monitor their interactions have opened up new horizons for visualizing cell biology in vivo, yet the success of standard fluorescence cell labeling approaches for IVM comes with a "dark side" in that unlabeled cells are invisible, leaving labeled cells or structures to appear isolated in space, devoid of their surroundings and lacking proper biological context. Here we describe a novel method for "filling in the void" by harnessing the ubiquity of extracellular (interstitial) fluid and its ease of fluorescence labelling by commonly used vascular and lymphatic tracers. We show that during routine labeling of the vasculature and lymphatics for IVM, commonly used fluorescent tracers readily perfuse the interstitial spaces of the bone marrow (BM) and the lymph node (LN), outlining the unlabeled cells and forming negative contrast images that complement standard (positive) cell labeling approaches. The method is simple yet powerful, offering a comprehensive view of the cellular landscape such as cell density and spatial distribution, as well as dynamic processes such as cell motility and transmigration across the vascular endothelium. The extracellular localization of the dye and the interstitial flow provide favorable conditions for prolonged Intravital time lapse imaging with minimal toxicity and photobleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwell W. Wu
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yookyung Jung
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shu-Chi A. Yeh
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yongwan Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Judith M. Runnels
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christian S. Burns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- NSF-CREST Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Machines and the Health Science Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Joel A. Spencer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- NSF-CREST Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Machines and the Health Science Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Charles P. Lin
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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99950
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Ben Nasr M, Usuelli V, Seelam AJ, D'Addio F, Abdi R, Markmann JF, Fiorina P. Regulatory B Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes. J Immunol 2021; 206:1117-1125. [PMID: 33685919 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since they were discovered almost three decades ago, a subset of B cells denoted as regulatory B cells (Bregs) have elicited interest throughout the immunology community. Many investigators have sought to characterize their phenotype and to understand their function and immunosuppressive mechanisms. Indeed, studies in murine models have demonstrated that Bregs possess varied phenotypic markers and could be classified into different subsets whose action and pivotal role depend on the pathological condition or stimuli. Similar conclusions were drawn in clinical settings delineating an analogous Breg population phenotypically resembling the murine Bregs that ultimately may be associated with a state of tolerance. Recent studies suggested that Bregs may play a role in the onset of autoimmune diabetes. This review will focus on deciphering the different subclasses of Bregs, their emerging role in autoimmune diabetes, and their potential use as a cell-based therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moufida Ben Nasr
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.,Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Vera Usuelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Andy Joe Seelam
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - James F Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; .,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.,Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
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