11901
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Gidener T, Ahmed OT, Larson JJ, Mara KC, Therneau TM, Venkatesh SK, Ehman RL, Yin M, Allen AM. Liver Stiffness by Magnetic Resonance Elastography Predicts Future Cirrhosis, Decompensation, and Death in NAFLD. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:1915-1924.e6. [PMID: 33010409 PMCID: PMC9096913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is the most accurate method of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the role of MRE in the prediction of hard outcomes in NAFLD. METHODS AND RESULTS Adults with NAFLD who underwent MRE between 2007 and 2019 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester were identified. Cox regression analyses were used to explore the predictive role of baseline LSM for 1) development of cirrhosis in noncirrhotic NAFLD and 2) development of liver decompensation or death in those with compensated cirrhosis. A total of 829 NAFLD subjects (54% women, median age 58 years) were identified. Of 639 subjects without cirrhosis, 20 developed cirrhosis after a median follow-up of 4 years. Baseline LSM was predictive of future cirrhosis development: age-adjusted HR = 2.93 (95% CI, 1.86-4.62, p <.0001) per 1 kPa increment (C-statistic = 0.86). Baseline LSM by MRE can be used to guide timing of longitudinal noninvasive monitoring: 5, 3 and 1 years for LSM of 2, 3 and 4-5 kPa, respectively. Of 194 subjects with compensated cirrhosis, 81 developed decompensation or death after a median follow-up of 5 years. Baseline LSM was predictive of future decompensation or death: HR = 1.32 (95% CI, 1.13-1.56, p = .0007) per 1 kPa increment after adjusting for age, sex and MELD-Na. The 1-year probability of future decompensation or death in cirrhosis with baseline LSM of 5 kPa vs 8 kPa is 9% vs 20%, respectively. CONCLUSION In NAFLD, LSM by MRE is a significant predictor of future development of cirrhosis. These data expand the role of MRE in clinical practice beyond the estimation of liver fibrosis and provide important evidence that improves individualized disease monitoring and patient counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Gidener
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Omar T Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph J. Larson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kristin C. Mara
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Terry M. Therneau
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Meng Yin
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alina M. Allen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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11902
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Newberry EP, Hall Z, Xie Y, Molitor EA, Bayguinov PO, Strout GW, Fitzpatrick JA, Brunt EM, Griffin JL, Davidson NO. Liver-Specific Deletion of Mouse Tm6sf2 Promotes Steatosis, Fibrosis, and Hepatocellular Cancer. Hepatology 2021; 74:1203-1219. [PMID: 33638902 PMCID: PMC8390580 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Human transmembrane 6 superfamily 2 (TM6SF2) variant rs58542926 is associated with NAFLD and HCC. However, conflicting reports in germline Tm6sf2 knockout mice suggest no change or decreased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion and either unchanged or increased hepatic steatosis, with no increased fibrosis. We generated liver-specific Tm6Sf2 knockout mice (Tm6 LKO) to study VLDL secretion and the impact on development and progression of NAFLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS Two independent lines of Tm6 LKO mice exhibited spontaneous hepatic steatosis. Targeted lipidomic analyses showed increased triglyceride species whose distribution and abundance phenocopied findings in mice with liver-specific deletion of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. The VLDL triglyceride secretion was reduced with small, underlipidated particles and unchanged or increased apolipoprotein B. Liver-specific adeno-associated viral, serotype 8 (AAV8) rescue using either wild-type or mutant E167K-Tm6 reduced hepatic steatosis and improved VLDL secretion. The Tm6 LKO mice fed a high milk-fat diet for 3 weeks exhibited increased steatosis and fibrosis, and those phenotypes were further exacerbated when mice were fed fibrogenic, high fat/fructose diets for 20 weeks. In two models of HCC, either neonatal mice injected with streptozotocin (NASH/STAM) and high-fat fed or with diethylnitrosamine injection plus fibrogenic diet feeding, Tm6 LKO mice exhibited increased steatosis, greater tumor burden, and increased tumor area versus Tm6 flox controls. Additionally, diethylnitrosamine-injected and fibrogenic diet-fed Tm6 LKO mice administered wild-type Tm6 or E167K-mutant Tm6 AAV8 revealed significant tumor attenuation, with tumor burden inversely correlated with Tm6 protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Liver-specific Tm6sf2 deletion impairs VLDL secretion, promoting hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and accelerated development of HCC, which was mitigated with AAV8- mediated rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. Newberry
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Zoe Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Elizabeth A. Molitor
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Peter O. Bayguinov
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Gregory W. Strout
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - James A.J. Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130;,Departments of Cell Biology & Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130;,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Elizabeth M. Brunt
- Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas O. Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Nicholas O. Davidson, MD, DSc, Gastroenterology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110.
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11903
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Haber PK, Puigvehí M, Castet F, Lourdusamy V, Montal R, Tabrizian P, Buckstein M, Kim E, Villanueva A, Schwartz M, Llovet JM. Evidence-Based Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2002-2020). Gastroenterology 2021; 161:879-898. [PMID: 34126063 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with a rapidly changing landscape of treatments. In the past 20 years, numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have aimed at improving outcomes across disease stages. We aimed to analyze the current evidence and identify potential factors influencing response to therapies. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of phase III RCTs (2002-2020) across disease stages. A meta-analysis was designed to examine the relationship between etiology and outcome after systemic therapies with either tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI)/antiangiogenic or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. RESULTS Out of 10,100 studies identified, 76 were phase III RCTs. Among them, a rigorous screening algorithm identified 49 with high quality including a total of 22,113 patients undergoing adjuvant (n = 7) and primary treatment for early (n = 2), intermediate (n = 7), and advanced (first-line, n = 21; second-line, n = 12) stages of disease. Nine of these trials were positive, 6 treatments have been adopted in guidelines (sorafenib [2 RCTs], lenvatinib, atezolizumab+bevacizumab, regorafenib, cabozantinib and ramucirumab), but 2 were not (adjuvant CIK cells and sorafenib plus hepatic arterial infusion with FOLFOX). Meta-analysis of 8 trials including 3739 patients revealed ICI therapy to be significantly more effective in patients with viral hepatitis compared with nonviral-related HCC, whereas no differences related to etiology were observed in patients treated with TKI/anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSIONS Among 49 high-quality RCTs conducted in HCC during 2002-2020, 9 resulted in positive results. A meta-analysis of systemic therapies suggests that immunotherapies may be more effective in viral etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp K Haber
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marc Puigvehí
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Hepatology Section, Gastroenterology Department, Parc de Salut Mar, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florian Castet
- Translational Research in Hepatic Oncology, Liver Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vennis Lourdusamy
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Montal
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-IRBLleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Parissa Tabrizian
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Buckstein
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edward Kim
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Myron Schwartz
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Translational Research in Hepatic Oncology, Liver Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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11904
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Kumada T, Toyoda H, Yasuda S, Tada T, Ito T, Tanaka J. Long-term outcomes of viral eradication in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and mild hepatic fibrosis. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:1293-1303. [PMID: 34185932 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The impact of antiviral therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and mild liver fibrosis (FIB-4 score <1.45) is not well understood. We aimed to clarify the impact of viral eradication on hepatocarcinogenesis and mortality in patients with mild fibrosis.The subjects were 657 patients who achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) (Clearance group) and 586 patients who did not receive antiviral therapy or did not achieve SVR (No clearance group). We applied inverse probability weighting because the groups had different baseline characteristics. Multivariate proportional hazards models were used to analyse factors associated with hepatocarcinogenesis and mortality using a time-dependent covariate. In addition, we compared the mortality rate of the Clearance group stratified by age to the mortality rate of the general population.Clearance of HCV RNA was significantly associated with hepatocarcinogenesis and all-cause, liver-related and non-liver-related mortality (adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence interval], 0.2653 [0.1147-0.6136, p = 0.0019], 0.3416 [0.2157-0.5409, p < 0.0001], 0.2474 [0.0802-0.8917, p = 0.0381] and 0.4118 [0.2449-0.6925, p = 0.0008], respectively). The Clearance group had significantly higher mortality than the general population matched by age, sex and follow-up duration (p < 0.0001). However, there were no significant differences between patients who achieved SVR before age 50 and the general population matched by age, sex and follow-up duration (p = 0.1570). HCV eradication in patients with mild fibrosis reduces liver-related and non-liver-related mortality. If HCV is eradicated before age 50, prognosis is likely be similar to that of the age-matched and sex-matched general population. (249 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kumada
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Gifu Kyoritsu University, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tada
- Department of Internal medicine, Himeji Red Cross Hospital, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control, and Prevention, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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11905
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Arjmand A, Christou V, Tsoulos IG, Tsipouras MG, Tzallas AT, Gogos C, Glavas E, Giannakeas N. An evolutionary algorithm-based optimization method for the classification and quantification of steatosis prevalence in liver biopsy images. Array 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.array.2021.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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11906
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Shang R, Song X, Wang P, Zhou Y, Lu X, Wang J, Xu M, Chen X, Utpatel K, Che L, Liang B, Cigliano A, Evert M, Calvisi DF, Chen X. Cabozantinib-based combination therapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2021; 70:1746-1757. [PMID: 33144318 PMCID: PMC8089119 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer with limited treatment options. Cabozantinib, an orally bioavailable multikinase inhibitor is now approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for HCC patients. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of cabozantinib, either alone or in combination, in vitro and in vivo. DESIGN Human HCC cell lines and HCC mouse models were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy and targeted molecular pathways of cabozantinib, either alone or in combination with the pan-mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 or the checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-L1 antibody. RESULTS Cabozantinib treatment led to stable disease in c-Met/β-catenin and Akt/c-Met mouse HCC while possessing limited efficacy on Akt/Ras and c-Myc liver tumours. Importantly, cabozantinib effectively inhibited c-MET and ERK activity, leading to decreased PKM2 and increased p21 expression in HCC cells and in c-Met/β-catenin and Akt/c-Met HCC. However, cabozantinib was ineffective in inhibiting the Akt/mTOR cascade. Intriguingly, a strong inhibition of angiogenesis by cabozantinib occurred regardless of the oncogenic drivers. However, cabozantinib had limited impact on other tumour microenvironment parameters, including tumour infiltrating T cells, and did not induce programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Combining cabozantinib with MLN0128 led to tumour regression in c-Met/β-catenin mice. In contrast, combined treatment with cabozantinib and the checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-L1 antibody did not provide any additional therapeutic benefit in the four mouse HCC models tested. CONCLUSION c-MET/ERK/p21/PKM2 cascade and VEGFR2-induced angiogenesis are the primary targets of cabozantinib in HCC treatment. Combination therapies with cabozantinib and mTOR inhibitors may be effective against human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Xian, Shaanxi, China,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Department of General Surgery, The 910 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Collaborative Innovation Center for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition & Health, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjun Lu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Department of Hepatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,R&D Center, Legend Biotech USA Inc, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Binyong Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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11907
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Kusumanchi P, Liang T, Zhang T, Ross RA, Han S, Chandler K, Oshodi A, Jiang Y, Dent AL, Skill NJ, Huda N, Ma J, Yang Z, Liangpunsakul S. Stress-Responsive Gene FK506-Binding Protein 51 Mediates Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury Through the Hippo Pathway and Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 1 Signaling. Hepatology 2021; 74:1234-1250. [PMID: 33710653 PMCID: PMC8435051 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic alcohol drinking is a major risk factor for alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5), a cochaperone protein, is involved in many key regulatory pathways. It is known to be involved in stress-related disorders, but there are no reports regarding its role in ALD. This present study aimed to examine the molecular mechanism of FKBP5 in ALD. APPROACH AND RESULTS We found a significant increase in hepatic FKBP5 transcripts and protein expression in patients with ALD and mice fed with chronic-plus-single binge ethanol. Loss of Fkbp5 in mice protected against alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant reduction of Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-1 (TEA) domain transcription factor 1 (Tead1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl1) mRNA in ethanol-fed Fkbp5-/- mice. Ethanol-induced Fkbp5 expression was secondary to down-regulation of methylation level at its 5' untranslated promoter region. The increase in Fkbp5 expression led to induction in transcription factor TEAD1 through Hippo signaling pathway. Fkbp5 can interact with yes-associated protein (YAP) upstream kinase, mammalian Ste20-like kinase 1 (MST1), affecting its ability to phosphorylate YAP and the inhibitory effect of hepatic YAP phosphorylation by ethanol leading to YAP nuclear translocation and TEAD1 activation. Activation of TEAD1 led to increased expression of its target, CXCL1, a chemokine-mediated neutrophil recruitment, causing hepatic inflammation and neutrophil infiltration in our mouse model. CONCLUSIONS We identified an FKBP5-YAP-TEAD1-CXCL1 axis in the pathogenesis of ALD. Loss of FKBP5 ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury through the Hippo pathway and CXCL1 signaling, suggesting its potential role as a target for the treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kusumanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ruth Ann Ross
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sen Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kristina Chandler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Adepeju Oshodi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yanchao Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nicholas J Skill
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nazmul Huda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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11908
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Li Q, Zhang W, Xiao E. SOD2 overexpression in bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:671. [PMID: 34296303 PMCID: PMC8335722 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process that may develop after liver transplantation and resection surgery, as well as in uncontrolled clinical conditions. Bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‑MSCs) are potential targets for liver diseases. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) overexpression in BM‑MSCs on HIRI by constructing a HIRI rat model. The adenoviral vector containing SOD2 and the corresponding control vector were designed and constructed, and SOD2‑overexpressing BM‑MSCs were injected into the tail vein of the rats. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, as well as pathological changes and the remnant liver regeneration rate were determined. The activities of SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined with 2',7'‑-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and measured via fluorescence microscopy. Cell apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL staining. Moreover, the expression levels of Bax, Bcl‑2 and caspase‑3 were detected via western blotting. SOD2‑overexpressing BM‑MSCs significantly reduced the elevation of serum AST and ALT levels. Furthermore, SOD2‑overexpressing BM‑MSCs enhanced SOD and GSH‑Px activities, and suppressed the production of MDA and ROS. Histopathological findings revealed that SOD2‑overexpressing BM‑MSCs decreased the number of TUNEL‑positive cells in the liver. It was also found that SOD2‑overexpressing BM‑MSCs promoted Bcl‑2 expression, but inhibited Bax and caspase‑3 expression in HIRI. Collectively, these findings suggest that SOD2‑overexpressing BM‑MSCs may provide therapeutic support in HIRI by inhibiting oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Enhua Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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11909
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Chen Z, Jiang H, Wang Y, Liang R, Xu L, Lai J, Shen J, Li J, Li D, Li S, Lei K, Zhou Q, Peng B, Peng H, Peng S, Kuang M. Three-day postoperative antibiotics reduces post-hepatectomy infection rate in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2531-2539. [PMID: 33948991 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The evidences for use of postoperative antibiotics (POA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent hepatectomy are controversial. We aimed to explore the relationship between POA and hepatectomy-related infection in a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC population. METHODS We retrospectively collected 934 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy for curative intent from three tertiary hospitals in China. The incidences of postoperative infection including surgical site infection and remote site infection were recorded and calculated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore related factors of postoperative infection and POA. And the relationship between infection rates with different durations of POA was investigated. RESULTS The overall infection rate was 8.2% (77/934), including 6.5% (61/934) of surgical site infection and 2.0% (19/934) of remote site infection. Multivariable analysis revealed that the administration of POA was negatively related with the incidence of postoperative infection significantly (odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval = 0.30 to 0.83; P = 0.008). Albumin-bilirubin score, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage and extent of hepatectomy were independently related to the POA. And 3-day regimen seemed to be the shortest duration of POA to gain the lowest incidence of postoperative infection. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative antibiotic is necessary for HBV-related HCC patients to prevent postoperative infection, especially for those with higher albumin-bilirubin score, at BCLC stage B-C, or who underwent major hepatectomy. For HBV-related HCC patients, postoperative second-generation cephalosporins, or ceftriaxone for 3 days after surgery might be proper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Liang
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Lai
- Department of Pancreato-biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Lei
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baogang Peng
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Pancreato-biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Peng
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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11910
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Cao Y, Wei Z, Shao J, Chen A, Zhang F, Zheng S. Dihydroartemisinin alleviates hepatic fibrosis through inducing ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells. Biofactors 2021; 47:801-818. [PMID: 34129254 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and blocking excessive deposition of extracellular matrix are recognized as an effective strategy for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. As a newly discovered programmed cell death mode, the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis in the clearance of activated HSCs has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we reported that the induction of ferroptosis in activated HSCs was required for dihydroartemisinin (DHA) to alleviate hepatic fibrosis. Treatment with DHA could improve the damage of hepatic fibrosis in vivo and inhibit the activation of HSCs in vitro. Interestingly, DHA treatment could trigger ferroptosis to eliminate activated HSCs characterized by iron overload, lipid ROS accumulation, glutathione depletion, and lipid peroxidation. Specific ferroptosis inhibitors ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1 could impair DHA-induced ferroptosis and also damage DHA-mediated the inhibition of activated HSCs. Importantly, autophagy activation may be closely related to DHA-induced ferroptosis. ATG5 siRNA could prevent DHA-mediated autophagy activation and ferroptosis induction, whereas ATG5 plasmid could promote the effect of DHA on autophagy and ferroptosis. Of note, the upregulation of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) may play a critical role in the molecular mechanism. NCOA4 siRNA could impair DHA-induced ferroptosis, whereas NCOA4 plasmid could enhance the promoting effect of DHA on ferroptosis. Overall, our study revealed the potential mechanism of DHA against hepatic fibrosis and showed that ferroptosis could be a new way to eliminate activated HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yashi Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zonghui Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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11911
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Chen W, Desert R, Ge X, Han H, Song Z, Das S, Athavale D, You H, Nieto N. The Matrisome Genes From Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Unveiled. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1571-1585. [PMID: 34510837 PMCID: PMC8435279 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection changes the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and enables the onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The ensemble of ECM proteins and associated factors is a major component of the tumor microenvironment. Our aim was to unveil the matrisome genes from HBV-related HCC. Transcriptomic and clinical profiles from 444 patients with HBV-related HCC were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) repositories. Matrisome genes associated with HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis, matrisome gene modules, HCC subgroups, and liver-specific matrisome genes were systematically analyzed, followed by identification of their biological function and clinical relevance. Eighty matrisome genes, functionally enriched in immune response, ECM remodeling, or cancer-related pathways, were identified as associated with HBV-related HCC, which could robustly discriminate HBV-related HCC tumor from nontumor samples. Subsequently, four significant matrisome gene modules were identified as showing functional homogeneity linked to cell cycle activity. Two subgroups of patients with HBV-related HCC were classified based on the highly correlated matrisome genes. The high-expression subgroup (15.0% in the TCGA cohort and 17.9% in the GEO cohort) exhibited favorable clinical prognosis, activated metabolic activity, exhausted cell cycle, strong immune infiltration, and lower tumor purity. Four liver-specific matrisome genes (F9, HPX [hemopexin], IGFALS [insulin-like growth-factor-binding protein, acid labile subunit], and PLG [plasminogen]) were identified as involved in HBV-related HCC progression and prognosis. Conclusion: This study identified the expression and function of matrisome genes from HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis, providing major insight to understand HBV-related HCC and develop potential therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA.,Experimental and Translational Research CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Romain Desert
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Hui Han
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Sukanta Das
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Dipti Athavale
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Hong You
- Experimental and Translational Research CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA.,Department of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
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11912
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhumita Premkumar
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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11913
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Kumar S, Nair MS. Deciphering the interaction of flavones with calf thymus DNA and octamer DNA sequence (CCAATTGG) 2. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29354-29371. [PMID: 35479565 PMCID: PMC9040621 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04101k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the interaction of three flavone compounds, baicalein, chrysin and flavone with calf thymus DNA and octamer DNA sequence (CCAATTGG)2. The binding mechanisms of the flavone compounds with both DNA were unveiled using biophysical, thermodynamic and molecular modelling techniques. Absorption and fluorescence titrations confirm the formation of the DNA complexes along with the extent of interaction. Absorption data proposed an intercalation mode of binding. Fluorescence displacement assays using ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33258 data supports a partial intercalation. Potassium iodide quenching substantiated this finding. Circular dichroism data revealed major structural changes on binding with flavones which can arise from intercalation partially or in a tilted arrangement. Analysis of the effect of ionic strength on complex formation eliminated the role of electrostatic interaction in the binding. Differential scanning calorimetric data showed substantial changes in the melting temperatures of complexes and predicted the DNA–baicalein complex as the most stable one. Molecular modelling showcased that the complexes are located near the AT rich region. Docking analysis with different sequences showed that the flavone compounds intercalated with base pairs only with d(CGATCG)2. Binding of flavones induce conformational changes in double stranded DNA.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee Uttarakhand-247667 India +91-1332-273560 +91-1332-285790
| | - Maya S Nair
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee Uttarakhand-247667 India +91-1332-273560 +91-1332-285790
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11914
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Song Y, Jin X, Liu Y, Wang S, Bian F, Zhao Q, Shi H, Gao Z. Long noncoding RNA ZFPM2-AS1 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the miR-576-3p/HIF-1α axis. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:812-821. [PMID: 34102651 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) zinc finger protein multitype 2 antisense RNA 1 (ZFPM2-AS1) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and is involved in promoting the malignant biological behaviors of cancer cells. However, the mechanism of ZFPM2-AS1 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be explored. The ZFPM2-AS1 expression in HCC was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR); cell counting kit-8, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and transwell assays were used to confirm the biological functions of ZFPM2-AS1 in regulating the malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells; the luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to detect whether ZFPM2-AS1 could bind to microRNA (miR)-576-3p; the regulatory relationship between ZFPM2-AS1 and miR-576-3p was probed by qRT-PCR; the effects of ZFPM2-AS1 and miR-576-3p on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The expression of ZFPM2-AS1 in HCC tissues, compared with that in normal liver tissues, was significantly upregulated. Knockdown of ZFPM2-AS1 markedly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while the overexpression of ZFPM2-AS1 worked oppositely. miR-576-3p could reverse the effects of ZFPM2-AS1 on the biological behaviors of HCC cells. Besides, ZFPM2-AS1 could bind to miR-576-3p and positively regulate the expression of HIF-1α, a target gene of miR-576-3p, by adsorbing miR-576-3p. ZFPM2-AS1 is abnormally highly expressed in HCC and facilitates proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells by adsorbing miR-576-3p and upregulating HIF-1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Song
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Oncology, Ward II, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Ward II, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou
| | - Shuiying Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ward II, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou
| | - Fang Bian
- Department of Oncology, Ward II, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Ward II, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zefeng Gao
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan
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11915
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Patel AA, Woodrell C, Ufere NN, Hansen L, Tandon P, Verma M, Lai J, Pinotti R, Rakoski M. Developing Priorities for Palliative Care Research in Advanced Liver Disease: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1469-1480. [PMID: 34510839 PMCID: PMC8435283 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with advanced liver disease (AdvLD), such as decompensated cirrhosis (DC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), have significant palliative needs. However, little research is available to guide health care providers on how to improve key domains related to palliative care (PC). We sought to identify priority areas for future research in PC by performing a comprehensive literature review and conducting iterative expert panel discussions. We conducted a literature review using search terms related to AdvLD and key PC domains. Individual reviews of these domains were performed, followed by iterative discussions by a panel consisting of experts from multiple disciplines, including hepatology, specialty PC, and nursing. Based on these discussions, priority areas for research were identified. We identified critical gaps in the available research related to PC and AdvLD. We developed and shared five key priority questions incorporating domains related to PC. Conclusion: Future research endeavors focused on improving PC in AdvLD should consider addressing the five key priorities areas identified from literature reviews and expert panel discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan A. Patel
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Christopher Woodrell
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBronxNYUSA
| | - Nneka N. Ufere
- Gastrointestinal UnitDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Lissi Hansen
- School of NursingOregon Health Sciences UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Puneeta Tandon
- Department of MedicineCirrhosis Care ClinicEdmontonALCanada
- Liver Transplant UnitUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonALCanada
| | - Manisha Verma
- Department of Digestive Diseases and TransplantationEinstein Healthcare NetworkPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jennifer Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Rachel Pinotti
- Gustave L. and Janet W. Levy LibraryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Mina Rakoski
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyLoma Linda University HealthLoma LindaCAUSA
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11916
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Premkumar
- Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anil C Anand
- Department of Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
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11917
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Wu F, Lu R, Liu Y, Wang Y, Tian Y, Li Y, Li M, Wang W, Zhang X, Jia X, Dang S. Efficacy and safety of peginterferon alpha monotherapy in Chinese inactive chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. Liver Int 2021; 41:2032-2045. [PMID: 33896094 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The effectiveness and safety of peginterferon alpha (peg-IFN-α) monotherapy in inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers (IHCs) have not been fully evaluated. METHODS This observational study prospectively enrolled 298 IHCs in China from 2015 to 2019. Participants were given the right to choose to either receive peg-IFN-α monotherapy (treatment group, n = 142) or be monitored without treatment (control group, n = 156) according to their wishes. The scheduled treatment duration was 48 weeks. All participants were followed up to 72 weeks. The main efficacy endpoint was hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance at 72 weeks. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar between both groups. At 72 weeks, intention-to-treat analysis showed that the rates of HBsAg clearance and seroconversion of the treatment group were 47.9% (68/142) and 36.6% (52/142), respectively, which were significantly higher than the HBsAg clearance rate of 1.9% (3/156) and the seroconversion rate of 0.6% (1/156) in the control group (both P < .001). Baseline HBV DNA < 20 IU/mL, lower HBsAg levels at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks, alanine aminotransferase elevation at 12 weeks, and greater HBsAg reduction from baseline to 12 and 24 weeks were independent predictors of HBsAg clearance. Generally, the therapy was well tolerated. Only five participants discontinued therapy as a result of peg-IFNα-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Peg-IFN-α monotherapy results in high rates of HBsAg clearance and seroconversion and the treatment is safe for IHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yikai Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuangsuo Dang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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11918
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Abstract
The important role of lncRNAs and miRNAs in directing immune responses has become increasingly clear. Recent evidence conforms that miRNAs and lncRNAs are involved in NK cell biology and diseases through RNA-protein, RNA-RNA, or RNA-DNA interactions. In this view, we summarize the contribution of miRNAs and lncRNAs to NK cell lineage development, activation and function, highlight the biological significance of functional miRNAs or lncRNAs in NKTL and discuss the potential of these miRNAs and lncRNAs as innovative biomarkers/targets for NKTL early diagnosis, target treatment and prognostic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- FengXia Gao
- Department of Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Medical School Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - SiRong He
- Department of Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Medical School Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - AiShun Jin
- Department of Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Medical School Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
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11919
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Dourthe C, Julien C, Di Tommaso S, Dupuy JW, Dugot-Senant N, Brochard A, Le Bail B, Blanc JF, Chiche L, Balabaud C, Bioulac-Sage P, Saltel F, Raymond AA. Proteomic Profiling of Hepatocellular Adenomas Paves the Way to Diagnostic and Prognostic Approaches. Hepatology 2021; 74:1595-1610. [PMID: 33754354 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Through an exploratory proteomic approach based on typical hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs), we previously identified a diagnostic biomarker for a distinctive subtype of HCA with high risk of bleeding, already validated on a multicenter cohort. We hypothesized that the whole protein expression deregulation profile could deliver much more informative data for tumor characterization. Therefore, we pursued our analysis with the characterization of HCA proteomic profiles, evaluating their correspondence with the established genotype/phenotype classification and assessing whether they could provide added diagnosis and prognosis values. APPROACH AND RESULTS From a collection of 260 cases, we selected 52 typical cases of all different subgroups on which we built a reference HCA proteomics database. Combining laser microdissection and mass-spectrometry-based proteomic analysis, we compared the relative protein abundances between tumoral (T) and nontumoral (NT) liver tissues from each patient and we defined a specific proteomic profile of each of the HCA subgroups. Next, we built a matching algorithm comparing the proteomic profile extracted from a patient with our reference HCA database. Proteomic profiles allowed HCA classification and made diagnosis possible, even for complex cases with immunohistological or genomic analysis that did not lead to a formal conclusion. Despite a well-established pathomolecular classification, clinical practices have not substantially changed and the HCA management link to the assessment of the malignant transformation risk remains delicate for many surgeons. That is why we also identified and validated a proteomic profile that would directly evaluate malignant transformation risk regardless of HCA subtype. CONCLUSIONS This work proposes a proteomic-based machine learning tool, operational on fixed biopsies, that can improve diagnosis and prognosis and therefore patient management for HCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Dourthe
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Oncoprot Platform, TBM-Core US 005, Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Julien
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvaine Di Tommaso
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Oncoprot Platform, TBM-Core US 005, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Brigitte Le Bail
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Pathology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Blanc
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Hepatology and Oncology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Chiche
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Saltel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Oncoprot Platform, TBM-Core US 005, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Aurélie Raymond
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Oncoprot Platform, TBM-Core US 005, Bordeaux, France
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11920
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Lu L, Zhang J, Fan W, Li Y, Wang J, Li TWH, Barbier-Torres L, Mato JM, Liu T, Seki E, Matsuda M, Tomasi ML, Bhowmick NA, Yang H, Lu SC. Deregulated 14-3-3ζ and methionine adenosyltransferase α1 interplay promotes liver cancer tumorigenesis in mice and humans. Oncogene 2021; 40:5866-5879. [PMID: 34349244 PMCID: PMC9611740 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A) is a tumor suppressor downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, two of the fastest rising cancers worldwide. We compared MATα1 (protein encoded by MAT1A) interactome in normal versus cancerous livers by mass spectrometry to reveal interactions with 14-3-3ζ. The MATα1/14-3-3ζ complex was critical for the expression of 14-3-3ζ. Similarly, the knockdown and small molecule inhibitor for 14-3-3ζ (BV02), and ChIP analysis demonstrated the role of 14-3-3ζ in suppressing MAT1A expression. Interaction between MATα1 and 14-3-3ζ occurs directly and is enhanced by AKT2 phosphorylation of MATα1. Blocking their interaction enabled nuclear MATα1 translocation and inhibited tumorigenesis. In contrast, overexpressing 14-3-3ζ lowered nuclear MATα1 levels and promoted tumor progression. However, tumor-promoting effects of 14-3-3ζ were eliminated when liver cancer cells expressed mutant MATα1 unable to interact with 14-3-3ζ. Taken together, the reciprocal negative regulation that MATα1 and 14-3-3ζ exert is a key mechanism in liver tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Key Laboratory of Cancer proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,These authors contributed equally: Liqing Lu, Jing Zhang, Wei Fan
| | - Jing Zhang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,These authors contributed equally: Liqing Lu, Jing Zhang, Wei Fan
| | - Wei Fan
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Liqing Lu, Jing Zhang, Wei Fan
| | - Yuan Li
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaohong Wang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tony W. H. Li
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucia Barbier-Torres
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - José M. Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology, Park of Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michitaka Matsuda
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Lauda Tomasi
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil A. Bhowmick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heping Yang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shelly C. Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11921
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Mohamed Asik R, Suganthy N, Aarifa MA, Kumar A, Szigeti K, Mathe D, Gulyás B, Archunan G, Padmanabhan P. Alzheimer's Disease: A Molecular View of β-Amyloid Induced Morbific Events. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091126. [PMID: 34572312 PMCID: PMC8468668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a dynamic peptide of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which accelerates the disease progression. At the cell membrane and cell compartments, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes amyloidogenic cleavage by β- and γ-secretases and engenders the Aβ. In addition, externally produced Aβ gets inside the cells by receptors mediated internalization. An elevated amount of Aβ yields spontaneous aggregation which causes organelles impairment. Aβ stimulates the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein via acceleration by several kinases. Aβ travels to the mitochondria and interacts with its functional complexes, which impairs the mitochondrial function leading to the activation of apoptotic signaling cascade. Aβ disrupts the Ca2+ and protein homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi complex (GC) that promotes the organelle stress and inhibits its stress recovery machinery such as unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). At lysosome, Aβ precedes autophagy dysfunction upon interacting with autophagy molecules. Interestingly, Aβ act as a transcription regulator as well as inhibits telomerase activity. Both Aβ and p-tau interaction with neuronal and glial receptors elevate the inflammatory molecules and persuade inflammation. Here, we have expounded the Aβ mediated events in the cells and its cosmopolitan role on neurodegeneration, and the current clinical status of anti-amyloid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajmohamed Mohamed Asik
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Natarajan Suganthy
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mohamed Asik Aarifa
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (K.S.); (D.M.)
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Mathe
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (K.S.); (D.M.)
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Center of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Marudupandiyar College, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (P.P.)
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11922
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Uddin MS, Yu WS, Lim LW. Exploring ER stress response in cellular aging and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101417. [PMID: 34339860 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One evident hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the irregular accumulation of proteins due to changes in proteostasis involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To alleviate ER stress and reinstate proteostasis, cells undergo an integrated signaling cascade called the unfolded protein response (UPR) that reduces the number of misfolded proteins and inhibits abnormal protein accumulation. Aging is associated with changes in the expression of ER chaperones and folding enzymes, leading to the impairment of proteostasis, and accumulation of misfolded proteins. The disrupted initiation of UPR prevents the elimination of unfolded proteins, leading to ER stress. In AD, the accumulation of misfolded proteins caused by sustained cellular stress leads to neurodegeneration and neuronal death. Current research has revealed that ER stress can trigger an inflammatory response through diverse transducers of UPR. Although the involvement of a neuroinflammatory component in AD has been documented for decades, whether it is a contributing factor or part of the neurodegenerative events is so far unknown. Besides, a feedback loop occurs between neuroinflammation and ER stress, which is strongly associated with neurodegenerative processes in AD. In this review, we focus on the current research on ER stress and UPR in cellular aging and neuroinflammatory processes, leading to memory impairment and synapse dysfunction in AD.
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11923
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Koshiol J, Argirion I, Liu Z, Kim Lam T, O'Brien TR, Yu K, McGlynn KA, Petrick JL, Pinto L, Chen CJ, Hildesheim A, Pfeiffer RM, Lee MH, Yang HI. Immunologic markers and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus- and hepatitis C virus-infected individuals. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:833-842. [PMID: 34286851 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental studies suggest immunologic proteins contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. AIM To evaluate circulating immunologic markers and HCC risk. METHODS From a Taiwanese cohort of chronically hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals followed over time (REVEAL-HBV), we sampled 175 who developed HCC, 117 cirrhosis only, and 165 non-cirrhotic controls. From a similar Taiwanese cohort of chronically hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals (REVEAL-HCV), we included 94 individuals who developed HCC, 68 cirrhosis only and 100 non-cirrhotic controls. We compared pre-diagnostic plasma levels of 102 markers in HCC cases to non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic controls using polytomous logistic regression. A priori markers included insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). P-values for other markers were corrected for multiple testing (false discovery rate = 10%). RESULTS In both REVEAL-HBV and REVEAL-HCV, increasing levels of ICAM-1 were associated with increased risk of HCC compared to non-cirrhotic controls (P-trend 0.02 and 0.001, respectively). In both REVEAL-HBV and REVEAL-HCV, two novel markers [C-X-C motif chemokine 11 (CXCL11) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)] were positively associated [strongest odds ratioquartile 4 versus 1 (OR) 4.55 for HGF in HCV], while two [complement factor H related 5 (CFHR5) and stem cell factor (SCF)] were negatively associated (strongest ORQ4vQ1 0.14 for SCF in HCV) with development of HCC compared to non-cirrhotic controls. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the association for ICAM-1 and identified 4 additional proteins associated with HBV- and HCV-related HCC. These findings highlight the importance of immunologic processes in HBV- and HCV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilona Argirion
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tram Kim Lam
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas R O'Brien
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelly Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica L Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,School of Medicine, Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ligia Pinto
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos, Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mei-Hsuan Lee
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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11924
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Su T, Huang M, Liao J, Lin S, Yu P, Yang J, Cai Y, Zhu S, Xu L, Peng Z, Peng S, Chen S, Kuang M. Insufficient Radiofrequency Ablation Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Through N6-Methyladenosine mRNA Methylation-Dependent Mechanism. Hepatology 2021; 74:1339-1356. [PMID: 33638162 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The dynamic N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) mRNA modification is essential for acute stress response and cancer progression. Sublethal heat stress from insufficient radiofrequency ablation (IRFA) has been confirmed to promote HCC progression; however, whether m6 A machinery is involved in IRFA-induced HCC recurrence remains open for study. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using an IRFA HCC orthotopic mouse model, we detected a higher level of m6 A reader YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1-3 (YTHDF1) in the sublethal-heat-exposed transitional zone close to the ablation center than that in the farther area. In addition, we validated the increased m6 A modification and elevated YTHDF1 protein level in sublethal-heat-treated HCC cell lines, HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model, and patients' HCC tissues. Functionally, gain-of-function/loss-of-function assays showed that YTHDF1 promotes HCC cell viability and metastasis. Knockdown of YTHDF1 drastically restrains the tumor metastasis evoked by sublethal heat treatment in tail vein injection lung metastasis and orthotopic HCC mouse models. Mechanistically, we found that sublethal heat treatment increases epidermal factor growth receptor (EGFR) m6 A modification in the vicinity of the 5' untranslated region and promotes its binding with YTHDF1, which enhances the translation of EGFR mRNA. The sublethal-heat-induced up-regulation of EGFR level was further confirmed in the IRFA HCC PDX mouse model and patients' tissues. Combination of YTHDF1 silencing and EGFR inhibition suppressed the malignancies of HCC cells synergically. CONCLUSIONS The m6 A-YTHDF1-EGFR axis promotes HCC progression after IRFA, supporting the rationale for targeting m6 A machinery combined with EGFR inhibitors to suppress HCC metastasis after RFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Su
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manling Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbin Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuibin Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Cai
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenghua Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Peng
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuling Chen
- Division of Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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11925
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Kudo M, Finn RS, Morimoto M, Rau KM, Ikeda M, Yen CJ, Galle PR, Llovet JM, Daniele B, Lim HY, McIlwain DW, Yoshikawa R, Nakamura K, Liang K, Wang C, Abada P, Widau RC, Zhu AX. Ramucirumab for Patients with Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Elevated Alpha-Fetoprotein: Pooled Results from Two Phase 3 Studies (REACH and REACH-2). Liver Cancer 2021; 10:451-460. [PMID: 34721507 PMCID: PMC8527922 DOI: 10.1159/000516605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as defined by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B, is heterogeneous in terms of liver function and tumor burden. REACH and REACH-2 investigated ramucirumab in patients with HCC after prior sorafenib, with REACH-2 enrolling only patients with baseline α-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥400 ng/mL. An exploratory analysis of outcomes by BCLC stage was performed. METHODS A pooled meta-analysis of independent patient data (stratified by study) from REACH (AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL) and REACH-2 was performed. All patients had Child-Pugh A, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1, prior sorafenib treatment, and either HCC BCLC stage B (refractory/not amenable to locoregional therapy) or BCLC stage C. Patients were randomized to ramucirumab 8 mg/kg or placebo every 2 weeks. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Treatment effects in BCLC stage B and C were evaluated by Cox proportional-hazards model; prognosis of BCLC staging for OS was evaluated by multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model. Tumor responses were evaluated according to Response Evaluation in Solid Tumors v1.1. Liver function was assessed with albumin-bilirubin score. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were generally balanced between treatment arms in each BCLC stage. BCLC staging trended as an independent prognostic factor for OS (B vs. C; hazard ratio [HR] 0.756 [95% CI 0.546-1.046]). Consistent treatment benefit was observed for ramucirumab versus placebo across BCLC stages. Median OS for ramucirumab versus placebo was 13.7 versus 8.2 months; HR (95%): 0.43 (0.23-0.83) and 7.7 versus 4.8 months; HR (95%): 0.72 (0.59-0.89) for BCLC stage B and C, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) were consistent with observations from both studies; hypertension was the most frequent grade ≥3 AE. Liver function was preserved throughout the study and similar between treatment arms in both BCLC stages. CONCLUSIONS Ramucirumab provided a better survival benefit irrespective of BCLC stage and was well tolerated without compromising liver function during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kudo
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Richard S. Finn
- Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Kun-Ming Rau
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital − Kaohsiung Branch, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Hematology-Oncology Department, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Masafumi Ikeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Peter R. Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Josep M. Llovet
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Department of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Kun Liang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Paolo Abada
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Andrew X. Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Jiahui International Cancer Center, Jiahui Health, Shanghai, China
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11926
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Kim J, Randhawa H, Sands D, Lambe S, Puglia M, Serrano PE, Pinthus JH. Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Review of Pertinent Considerations. Bladder Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/blc-211536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of liver cirrhosis is increasing worldwide. Patients with cirrhosis are generally at a higher risk of harbouring hepatic and non-hepatic malignancies, including bladder cancer, likely due to the presence of related risk factors such as smoking. Cirrhosis can complicate both the operative and non-surgical management of bladder cancer. For example, cirrhotic patients undergoing abdominal surgery generally demonstrate worse postoperative outcomes, and chemotherapy in patients with cirrhosis often requires dose reduction due to its direct hepatotoxic effects and reduced hepatic clearance. Multiple other considerations in the peri-operative management for cirrhosis patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer must be taken into account to optimize outcomes in these patients. Unfortunately, the current literature specifically related to the treatment of cirrhotic bladder cancer patients remains sparse. We aim to review the literature on treatment considerations for this patient population with respect to perioperative, surgical, and adjuvant management.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kim
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - David Sands
- Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shahid Lambe
- Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Institute of Urology, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marco Puglia
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jehonathan H. Pinthus
- Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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11927
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Zhang C, Ou S, Zhou Y, Liu P, Zhang P, Li Z, Xu R, Li Y. m 6A Methyltransferase METTL14-Mediated Upregulation of Cytidine Deaminase Promoting Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:696371. [PMID: 34458141 PMCID: PMC8385558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.696371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal human malignancies. Gemcitabine is widely used to treat pancreatic cancer, and the resistance to chemotherapy is the major difficulty in treating the disease. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, which regulates RNA splicing, stability, translocation, and translation, plays critical roles in cancer physiological and pathological processes. METTL14, an m6A Lmethyltransferase, was found deregulated in multiple cancer types. However, its role in gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer remains elusive. Methods The mRNA and protein level of m6A modification associated genes were assessed by QRT-PCR and western blotting. Then, gemcitabine‐resistant pancreatic cancer cells were established. The growth of pancreatic cancer cells were analyzed using CCK8 assay and colony formation assay. METTL14 was depleted by using shRNA. The binding of p65 on METTL14 promoter was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Protein level of deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) and cytidine deaminase (CDA) was evaluated by western blotting. In vivo experiments were conducted to further confirm the critical role of METTL14 in gemcitabine resistance. Results We found that gemcitabine treatment significantly increased the expression of m6A methyltransferase METTL14, and METTL14 was up-regulated in gemcitabine-resistance human pancreatic cancer cells. Suppression of METTL14 obviously increased the sensitivity of gemcitabine in resistant cells. Moreover, we identified that transcriptional factor p65 targeted the promoter region of METTL14 and up-regulated its expression, which then increased the expression of cytidine deaminase (CDA), an enzyme inactivates gemcitabine. Furthermore, in vivo experiment showed that depletion of METTL14 rescue the response of resistance cell to gemcitabine in a xenograft model. Conclusion Our study suggested that METTL14 is a potential target for chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangyan Ou
- Department of Digestion and Urology, Hunan Tumor Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Tumor Center, Hunan Chest Hospital, Changsha, China
| | | | - Ziqian Li
- Tumor Center, Hunan Chest Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ruocai Xu
- Tumor Center, Hunan Chest Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11928
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Huang X, Glessner JT, Huang J, Zhou D, March ME, Wang H, Xia Q, Hakonarson H, Li J. Discovery of Novel Host Molecular Factors Underlying HBV/HCV Infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:690882. [PMID: 34458256 PMCID: PMC8397444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.690882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver, which is frequently caused by the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis can lead to the development of chronic complications including cancer, making it a major public health burden. Co-infection of HBV and HCV can result in faster disease progression. Therefore, it is important to identify shared genetic susceptibility loci for HBV and HCV infection to further understand the underlying mechanism. Through a meta-analysis based on genome-wide association summary statistics of HBV and HCV infection, we found one novel locus in the Asian population and two novel loci in the European population. By functional annotation based on multi-omics data, we identified the likely target genes at each novel locus, such as HMGB1 and ATF3, which play a critical role in autophagy and immune response to virus. By re-analyzing a microarray dataset from Hmgb1–/– mice and RNA-seq data from mouse liver tissue overexpressing ATF3, we found that differential expression of autophagy and immune and metabolic gene pathways underlie these conditions. Our study reveals novel common susceptibility loci to HBV and HCV infection, supporting their role in linking autophagy signaling and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jinxia Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael E March
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hongna Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianghua Xia
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Human Genetics and Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11929
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Saleh EM, Gouda AE, Medhat AM, Ahmed HO, Shemis MA. Expression of HCV genotype-4 core antigen in prokaryotic E. coli system for diagnosis of HCV infection in Egypt. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 188:105965. [PMID: 34461217 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egypt has a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with 92.5% of genotype-4. AIM This study aimed to clone and express the core gene of HCV genotype-4 for using it to develop a highly sensitive, specific, and cost-effective diagnostic assay for detecting HCV infection. METHODS Using synthetic HCV genotype-4 core gene, pET15b as E. coli expression vector, and 1 mM lactose as inducer, the HCV core protein (MW 17 kDa) was expressed in the form of inclusion bodies (IBs) that was purified and solubilized using 8 M guanidinium HCl. The recombinant core protein was in vitro refolded by a rapid dilution method for further purification using weak cation exchange liquid chromatography. The immunogenicity of the purified protein was tested by ELISA using 129 serum samples. RESULTS The recombinant core protein was successfully expressed and purified. The results also showed that the in-house anti-HCV core assay is accurate, specific (~96.6%), and highly sensitive (~100%) in accordance with the commercial ELISA kit. CONCLUSION The sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the developed assay were high and promising to be used as a screening assay for detecting HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah E Gouda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amina M Medhat
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend O Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shemis
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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11930
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Sunami Y, Rebelo A, Kleeff J. Lipid Droplet-Associated Factors, PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and HSD17B Proteins in Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174391. [PMID: 34503201 PMCID: PMC8431307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aberrant lipid synthesis and reprogrammed lipid metabolism are both associated with the development and progression of pancreatic and liver cancer. Most cells store fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerols in lipid droplets. Lipid droplets are intracellular organelles that not only store neutral lipids, but also play roles as molecular messengers and signaling factors. Some cancer cells accumulate massive amount of lipid droplets. Lipid droplets and lipid droplet-associated factors are further implicated to mediate proliferation, invasion, metastasis, as well as chemotherapy resistance in several types of cancer. This review dissected recent findings on the role of several lipid droplet-associated factors, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B) 11 and 13 as well as their genetic variations in hepatopancreatobiliary diseases, especially cancer. Abstract Pancreatic and liver cancer are leading causes of cancer deaths, and by 2030, they are projected to become the second and the third deadliest cancer respectively. Cancer metabolism, especially lipid metabolism, plays an important role in progression and metastasis of many types of cancer, including pancreatic and liver cancer. Lipid droplets are intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids, but also act as molecular messengers, and signaling factors. It is becoming increasingly evident that alterations in the regulation of lipid droplets and their associated factors influence the risk of developing not only metabolic disease but also fibrosis and cancer. In the current review article, we summarized recent findings concerning the roles of lipid droplet-associated factors, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3, Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 11 and 13 as well as genetic variants in pancreatic and hepatic diseases. A better understanding of cancer type- and cell type-specific roles of lipid droplet-associated factors is important for establishing new therapeutic options in the future.
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11931
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Gungor MZ, Uysal M, Ozturk M, Senturk S. Systematic Analysis of Cytostatic TGF-Beta Response in Mesenchymal-Like Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021. [PMID: 34463913 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most challenging malignancies, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway plays a dual role in HCC, acting as both tumor suppressor and promoter. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying its opposing functions is important. The growth suppressive effects of TGF-β remain largely unknown for mesenchymal HCC cells. Using a systematic approach, here we assess the cytostatic TGF-β responses and intracellular transduction of the canonical TGF-β/Smad signaling cascade in mesenchymal-like HCC cell lines. METHODS Nine mesenchymal-like HCC cell lines, including SNU182, SNU387, SNU398, SNU423, SNU449, SNU475, Mahlavu, Focus, and Sk-Hep1, were used in this study. The cytostatic effects of TGF-β were evaluated by cell cycle analysis, BrdU labeling, and SA-β-Gal assay. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were utilized to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β signaling components and cytostatic genes. Immunoperoxidase staining and luciferase reporter assays were performed to comprehend the transduction of the canonical TGF-β pathway. RESULTS We report that mesenchymal-like HCC cell lines are resistant to TGF-β-induced growth suppression. The vast majority of cell lines have an active canonical signaling from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Three cell lines had lost the expression of cytostatic effector genes. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that cytostatic TGF-β responses have been selectively lost in mesenchymal-like HCC cell lines. Notably, their lack of responsiveness was not associated with a widespread impairment of TGF-β signaling cascade. These cell lines may serve as valuable models for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the loss of TGF-β-mediated cytostasis during hepatocarcinogenesis.
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11932
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Joshi K, Chandrakar S, Patil S. Baseline Values of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Scores and Its Risk Assessment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Dubai Diabetes Endocrinol J 2021. [DOI: 10.1159/000518155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing and is fueled by a twin-epidemic of obesity and diabetes mellitus in India. The objective of the study was to estimate various noninvasive NAFLD scores (NINS) for the baseline risk-assessment of NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An observational, cross-sectional, open label, study of investigator-rated NINS was conducted ensuring adherence to relevant ethical standards. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In a 3-month period, 29 patients with T2DM were enrolled (age [mean ± SD]: 55.8 ± 9.72 years; men [<i>n</i>, %]: 18, 62%). One patient (3.45%) by fibrosis-4 index (cutoff for advanced fibrosis ≥2.67) and by AST to platelet ratio index (cutoff ≥0.98); 2 (6.90%) by NAFLD fibrosis score (cutoff ≥0.676); 20 (69%) by body mass index (BMI), AST to ALT ratio, and DM score (BARD; cuff-off ≥2); and 27 (93.10%) by BMI, age, ALT, triglyceride score (cutoff ≥1) indicated high risk for advanced hepatic fibrosis. Only the BARD score (median [min-max]: 3 [1–4]) was elevated above the cutoff values while other scores were below cutoff values. The study failed to demonstrate any correlation between age, gender, anthropometric and metabolic parameters, and NINS. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> While this study did not demonstrate significant elevation of NINS, scores were found be elevated in some T2DM patients and they may be at high risk of advanced liver fibrosis. Further well-designed studies in this domain are required for early detection, management, and reducing the burden of liver disease in Indian patients with diabetes.
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11933
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Gao L, Decker M, Chen H, Ding L. Thrombopoietin from hepatocytes promotes hematopoietic stem cell regeneration after myeloablation. eLife 2021; 10:e69894. [PMID: 34463253 PMCID: PMC8457823 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow niche plays critical roles in hematopoietic recovery and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration after myeloablative stress. However, it is not clear whether systemic factors beyond the local niche are required for these essential processes in vivo. Thrombopoietin (THPO) is a key cytokine promoting hematopoietic rebound after myeloablation and its transcripts are expressed by multiple cellular sources. The upregulation of bone marrow-derived THPO has been proposed to be crucial for hematopoietic recovery and HSC regeneration after stress. Nonetheless, the cellular source of THPO in myeloablative stress has never been investigated genetically. We assessed the functional sources of THPO following two common myeloablative perturbations: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration and irradiation. Using a Thpo translational reporter, we found that the liver but not the bone marrow is the major source of THPO protein after myeloablation. Mice with conditional Thpo deletion from osteoblasts and/or bone marrow stromal cells showed normal recovery of HSCs and hematopoiesis after myeloablation. In contrast, mice with conditional Thpo deletion from hepatocytes showed significant defects in HSC regeneration and hematopoietic rebound after myeloablation. Thus, systemic THPO from the liver is necessary for HSC regeneration and hematopoietic recovery in myeloablative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Gao
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United StatesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Matthew Decker
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United StatesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Haidee Chen
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United StatesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lei Ding
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United StatesNew YorkUnited States
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11934
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Toniutto P, Fumolo E, Fornasiere E, Bitetto D. Liver Transplantation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma beyond the Milan Criteria: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3932. [PMID: 34501381 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Milan criteria (MC) were developed more than 20 years ago and are still considered the benchmark for liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the strict application of MC might exclude some patients who may receive a clinical benefit of LT. Several expanded criteria have been proposed. Some of these consider pretransplant morphological and biological variables of the tumor, others consider post-LT variables such as the histology of the tumor, and others combine pre- and post-LT variables. More recently, the HCC response to locoregional treatments before transplantation emerged as a surrogate marker of the biological aggressiveness of the tumor to be used as a better selection criterion for LT in patients beyond the MC at presentation. This essential review aims to present the current data on the pretransplant selection criteria for LT in patients with HCC exceeding the MC at presentation based on morphological and histological characteristics of the tumor and to critically discuss those that have been validated in clinical practice. Moreover, the role of HCC biological markers and the tumor response to downstaging procedures as new tools for selecting patients with a tumor burden outside of the MC for LT is evaluated.
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11935
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Zhao F, Xie X, Tan X, Yu H, Tian M, Lv H, Qin C, Qi J, Zhu Q. The Functions of Hepatitis B Virus Encoding Proteins: Viral Persistence and Liver Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691766. [PMID: 34456908 PMCID: PMC8387624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
About 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), contributing to a large burden on public health. Despite the existence of vaccines and antiviral drugs to prevent infection and suppress viral replication respectively, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cure remains a remote treatment goal. The viral persistence caused by HBV is account for the chronic infection which increases the risk for developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV virion utilizes various strategies to escape surveillance of host immune system therefore enhancing its replication, while the precise mechanisms involved remain elusive. Accumulating evidence suggests that the proteins encoded by HBV (hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core antigen, hepatitis B envelope antigen, HBx and polymerase) play an important role in viral persistence and liver pathogenesis. This review summarizes the major findings in functions of HBV encoding proteins, illustrating how these proteins affect hepatocytes and the immune system, which may open new venues for CHB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongli Yu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Huanran Lv
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengyong Qin
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianni Qi
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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11936
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Shan S, Jia J. Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus in the Western Pacific Region. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2021; 18:18-21. [PMID: 34484699 PMCID: PMC8405051 DOI: 10.1002/cld.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan
- Liver Research CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,The Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver CirrhosisBeijingChina,The National Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,The Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver CirrhosisBeijingChina,The National Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseasesBeijingChina
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11937
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Yao L, Nisar MF, Yan T, Wan C(, Cai S. Potential Effects of Dietary Isoflavones on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. J FOOD QUALITY 2021; 2021:1-10. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/2870969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous prescribed drugs and herbal and dietary supplements have been reported to cause drug-induced acute liver injury, which is a frequent cause of acute liver failure (ALF). It is a tremendous challenge with ever-increasing drug application in the medication system for huge populations. Drug-induced acute liver injury can lead to diverse pathologies similar to acute and chronic hepatitis, acute liver failure, biliary obstruction, fatty liver disease, and so on. Recently, extensive work demonstrated that isoflavones play an essential and protecting role in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The isoflavones mediated hepatoprotection by modulating specific genes linked with control of cellular redox homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Isoflavones upregulate oxidative stress-responsive nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2), downregulate inflammatory nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, and modulate a balance between cell survival and death. Moreover, isoflavones actively inhibit the expression of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) enzyme during drug metabolism. Moreover, isoflavones are also linked with farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in hepatoprotection DILI. In vivo and in vitro studies clearly stated that isoflavones bear strong antioxidant potential and promising agents for hepatotoxicity prevention and stressed their potential role as therapeutic supplements in DILI. The current review will elaborate on isoflavones’ preventive and therapeutic potential concisely and highlight various molecular targets to exert a protective effect on DILI.
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11938
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Flieger J, Dolar-Szczasny J, Rejdak R, Majerek D, Tatarczak-Michalewska M, Proch J, Blicharska E, Flieger W, Baj J, Niedzielski P. The Multi-Elemental Composition of the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery, Suffering from Coexisting Diabetes, Hypertension, or Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179413. [PMID: 34502323 PMCID: PMC8430749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was the multi-elemental analysis of aqueous humor (AH) collected from patients undergoing cataract surgery. The study included: 16 patients with age-related macular degeneration AMD (99 controls), 10 patients with retinopathy (105 controls), 61 patients with hypertension (54 controls), and 33 patients with coexisting diabetes (82 controls). The control groups were recruited from patients with a lack of co-existing disease characterizing the specified studied group. The measurements were performed by the use of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The statistical analysis was carried out using non-parametric testing (Mann–Whitney U). The level of significance was set at p = 0.05. The data obtained revealed substantial variations in elemental composition between the test groups in comparison to the controls. However, the significant variations concerned only a few elements. The phosphorous (P) level and the ratio of P/Ca were significant in retinopathy and diabetes, whereas cobalt (0.091 ± 0.107 mg/L vs. 0.031 ± 0.075 mg/L; p = 0.004) was significant in AMD. In co-existing hypertension, the levels of tin (0.293 ± 0.409 mg/L vs. 0.152 ± 0.3 mg/L; p = 0.031), titanium (0.096 ± 0.059 mg/L vs. 0.152 ± 0.192 mg/L; p = 0.045), and ruthenium (0.035 ± 0.109 mg/L vs. 0.002 ± 0.007 mg/L; p = 0.006) varied in comparison to the controls. The study revealed inter-elemental interactions. The correlation matrices demonstrated the domination of the positive correlations, whereas negative correlations mainly concerned sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.T.-M.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81448-7182
| | - Joanna Dolar-Szczasny
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (J.D.-S.); (R.R.)
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (J.D.-S.); (R.R.)
| | - Dariusz Majerek
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Jędrzej Proch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89B Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.T.-M.); (E.B.)
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.)
| | - Przemysław Niedzielski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89B Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.); (P.N.)
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11939
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Ghosh S, Chakraborty A, Banerjee S. Persistence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Multi-Faceted Player for Hepatocarcinogenesis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:678537. [PMID: 34526974 PMCID: PMC8435854 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.678537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a multi-dimensional effect on the host, which not only alters the dynamics of immune response but also persists in the hepatocytes to predispose oncogenic factors. The virus exists in multiple forms of which the nuclear localized covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the most stable and the primary reason for viral persistence even after clearance of surface antigen and viral DNA. The second reason is the existence of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) containing virion particles. On the other hand, the integration of the viral genome in the host chromosome also leads to persistent production of viral proteins along with the chromosomal instabilities. The interferon treatment or administration of nucleot(s)ide analogs leads to reduction in the viral DNA load, but the pgRNA and surface antigen clearance are a slow process and complete loss of serological HBsAg is rare. The prolonged exposure of immune cells to the viral antigens, particularly HBs antigen, in the blood circulation results in T-cell exhaustion, which disrupts immune clearance of the virus and virus-infected cells. In addition, it predisposes immune-tolerant microenvironment, which facilitates the tumor progression. Thus cccDNA, pgRNA, and HBsAg along with the viral DNA could be the therapeutic targets in the early disease stages that may improve the quality of life of chronic hepatitis B patients by impeding the progression of the disease toward hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soma Banerjee
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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11940
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Xia X, Zhang H, Xia P, Zhu Y, Liu J, Xu K, Yuan Y. Identification of Glycolysis-Related lncRNAs and the Novel lncRNA WAC-AS1 Promotes Glycolysis and Tumor Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:733595. [PMID: 34527595 PMCID: PMC8437343 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.733595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High glycolysis efficiency in tumor cells can promote tumor growth. lncRNAs play an important role in the proliferation, metabolism and migration of cancer cells, but their regulation of tumor glycolysis is currently not well researched. METHODS We analyzed the co-expression of glycolysis-related genes and lncRNAs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to screen glycolysis-related lncRNAs. Further prognostic analysis and differential expression analysis were performed. We further analyzed the relationship between lncRNAs and tumor immune infiltration. Since WAC antisense RNA 1 (WAC-AS1) had the greatest effect on the prognosis among all screened lncRNAs and had a larger coefficient in the prognostic model, we chose WAC-AS1 for further verification experiments and investigated the function and mechanism of action of WAC-AS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS We screened 502 lncRNAs that have co-expression relationships with glycolytic genes based on co-expression analysis. Among them, 112 lncRNAs were abnormally expressed in liver cancer, and 40 lncRNAs were related to the prognosis of patients. Eight lncRNAs (WAC-AS1, SNHG3, SNHG12, MSC-AS1, MIR210HG, PTOV1-AS1, AC145207.5 and AL031985.3) were used to established a prognostic model. Independent prognostic analysis (P<0.001), survival analysis (P<0.001), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (AUC=0.779) and clinical correlation analysis (P<0.001) all indicated that the prognostic model has good predictive power and that the risk score can be used as an independent prognostic factor (P<0.001). The risk score and lncRNAs in the model were found to be related to a variety of immune cell infiltration and immune functions. WAC-AS1 was found to affect glycolysis and promote tumor proliferation (P<0.01). WAC-AS1 affected the expression of several glycolysis-related genes (cAMP regulated phosphoprotein 19 (ARPP19), CHST12, MED24 and KIF2A) (P<0.01). Under hypoxic conditions, WAC-AS1 regulated ARPP19 by sponging miR-320d to promote glucose uptake and lactate production (P<0.01). CONCLUSION We constructed a model based on glycolysis-related lncRNAs to evaluate the prognostic risk of patients. The risk score and lncRNAs in the model were related to immune cell infiltration. WAC-AS1 can regulate ARPP19 to promote glycolysis and proliferation by sponging miR-320d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xigang Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Kequan Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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11941
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Jha NK, Sharma C, Meeran MFN, Jha SK, Dwivedi VD, Gupta PK, Dey A, Kesari KK, Ojha S. Cannabinoid Type-2 Receptor Agonist, JWH133 May Be a Possible Candidate for Targeting Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity in COVID-19. Immuno 2021; 1:285-304. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a deadly disease affecting millions due to the non-availability of drugs and vaccines. The majority of COVID-19 drugs have been repurposed based on antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antibiotic potential. The pathogenesis and advanced complications with infection involve the immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy could reduce infectivity, inflammation, and immune modulation. In recent years, modulating the endocannabinoid system, particularly activation of the cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor is a promising therapeutic target for modulation of immune-inflammatory responses. JWH133, a selective, full functional agonist of the CB2 receptor, has been extensively studied for its potent anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. JWH133 modulates numerous signaling pathways and inhibits inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, prostanoids, and eicosanoids. In this study, we propose that JWH133 could be a promising candidate for targeting infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19, due to its pharmacological and molecular mechanisms in numerous preclinical efficacy and safety studies, along with its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, organoprotective, and antiviral properties. Thus, JWH133 should be investigated in preclinical and clinical studies for its potential as an agent or adjuvant with other agents for its effect on viremia, infectivity, immune modulation, resolution of inflammation, reduction in severity, and progression of complications in COVID-19. JWH133 is devoid of psychotropic effects due to CB2 receptor selectivity, has negligible toxicity, good bioavailability and druggable properties, including pharmacokinetic and physicochemical effects. We believe that JWH133 could be a promising drug and may inspire further studies for an evidence-based approach against COVID-19.
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11942
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Seibold T, Waldenmaier M, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Small Extracellular Vesicles and Metastasis-Blame the Messenger. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174380. [PMID: 34503190 PMCID: PMC8431296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to their systemic nature, metastatic lesions are a major problem for curative cancer treatment. According to a common model for metastasis, tumor cells disseminate by local invasion, survival in the blood stream and extravasation into suitable tissue environments. At secondary sites, metastatic cells adapt, proliferate and foster vascularization to satisfy nutrient and oxygen demand. In recent years, tumors were shown to extensively communicate with cells in the local microenvironment and future metastatic sites by secreting small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes). sEVs deliver bioactive cargos, e.g., proteins, and in particular, several nucleic acid classes to reprogram target cells, which in turn facilitate tumor growth, cell motility, angiogenesis, immune evasion and establishment of pre-metastatic niches. sEV-cargos also act as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. This review discusses how tumor cells utilize sEVs with nucleic acid cargos to progress through metastasis, and how sEVs may be employed for prognosis and treatment. Abstract Cancer is a complex disease, driven by genetic defects and environmental cues. Systemic dissemination of cancer cells by metastasis is generally associated with poor prognosis and is responsible for more than 90% of cancer deaths. Metastasis is thought to follow a sequence of events, starting with loss of epithelial features, detachment of tumor cells, basement membrane breakdown, migration, intravasation and survival in the circulation. At suitable distant niches, tumor cells reattach, extravasate and establish themselves by proliferating and attracting vascularization to fuel metastatic growth. These processes are facilitated by extensive cross-communication of tumor cells with cells in the primary tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as at distant pre-metastatic niches. A vital part of this communication network are small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes) with a size of 30–150 nm. Tumor-derived sEVs educate recipient cells with bioactive cargos, such as proteins, and in particular, major nucleic acid classes, to drive tumor growth, cell motility, angiogenesis, immune evasion and formation of pre-metastatic niches. Circulating sEVs are also utilized as biomarker platforms for diagnosis and prognosis. This review discusses how tumor cells facilitate progression through the metastatic cascade by employing sEV-based communication and evaluates their role as biomarkers and vehicles for drug delivery.
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11943
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Gao H, Tuyishime P, Zhang X, Yang T, Xu M, Rao Z. Engineering of microbial cells for L-valine production: challenges and opportunities. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:172. [PMID: 34461907 PMCID: PMC8406616 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
L-valine is an essential amino acid that has wide and expanding applications with a suspected growing market demand. Its applicability ranges from animal feed additive, ingredient in cosmetic and special nutrients in pharmaceutical and agriculture fields. Currently, fermentation with the aid of model organisms, is a major method for the production of L-valine. However, achieving the optimal production has often been limited because of the metabolic imbalance in recombinant strains. In this review, the constrains in L-valine biosynthesis are discussed first. Then, we summarize the current advances in engineering of microbial cell factories that have been developed to address and overcome major challenges in the L-valine production process. Future prospects for enhancing the current L-valine production strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Philibert Tuyishime
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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11944
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Rizzo A, Ricci AD. PD-L1, TMB, and other potential predictors of response to immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: how can they assist drug clinical trials? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 31:415-423. [PMID: 34429006 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1972969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the sixth most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide, accounting for millions of deaths annually. Despite immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) reported important results, only a minority of HCC patients benefit from these treatments, and the identification of predictive biomarkers of response still remains a highly unmet need. AREAS COVERED Herein, we provide a timely overview of available evidence on biochemical predictors of response to immunotherapy in advanced HCC patients; we speculate on how PD-L1, TMB, and other emerging biomarkers could assist drug clinical trials in the near future. A literature search was conducted in June 2021 using Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane library, and Scopus databases. EXPERT OPINION Reliable predictors of response to ICIs are of pivotal importance to allow a proper stratification and selection of HCC patients that could derive more benefit from immunotherapy. Well-designed, multicenter clinical trials specifically focused on predictive biomarkers are warranted in this setting, where most of evidence currently derives from retrospective, single-center studies with small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, Irccs Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology, Irccs Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
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11945
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Ma SH, Tai YH, Dai YX, Chang YT, Chen TJ, Chen MH. Association between hepatitis C virus infection and subsequent chronic inflammatory skin disease. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1884-1891. [PMID: 34460962 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with several cutaneous manifestations, including lichen planus and psoriasis. However, its association with other chronic inflammatory skin diseases (CISD) remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between HCV infection and CISD. Participants were recruited from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Altogether 23 509 patients with HCV infection and 94 036 matched controls were included to assess the risk of CISD. A Cox regression model was used for the analyses. Compared with controls, patients with HCV infection had an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 6.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.30-7.58) for CISD after adjustment for potential confounders. Regarding individual CISD, patients with HCV infection had a significantly increased risk of developing lichen planus, psoriasis, vitiligo, alopecia areata, and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Interferon-based antiviral therapy (IFN-based AVT) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of CISD (aHR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.28-0.64). Patients with HCV infection had a significantly increased risk of CISD, while IFN-based AVT was associated with a decreased risk. These findings suggest monitoring of CISD in patients with HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hsiang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Tai
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Xiu Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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11946
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Abstract
Dysregulation in lipid metabolism is among the most prominent metabolic alterations in cancer. Cancer cells harness lipid metabolism to obtain energy, components for biological membranes, and signaling molecules needed for proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, and response to the tumor microenvironment impact and cancer therapy. Here, we summarize and discuss current knowledge about the advances made in understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells and introduce different approaches that have been clinically used to disrupt lipid metabolism in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Bian
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Daqian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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11947
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Abstract
Cancer is an unpleasant, painful disease. It is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide diminishing many lives. Many genetic and epigenetic changes occur before cancer develops. Mutation in SETD2 gene is one such example. RNA splicing, DNA damage repair, DNA methylation and histone methylation are some of the biological processes mediated by SETD2. SETD2 (histone H3 lysine 36 methyltransferase) is a frequently mutated gene in different types of cancer. Loss of SETD2 is associated with worse prognosis and aggressive phenotypes. Histone modification is one of the epigenetic regulation having a significant effect on gene regulation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification is a well-known posttranscriptional modification playing a pivotal role in many normal and pathological processes affecting RNA metabolism. SETD2 catalyses H3K36 trimethylation and in turn H3K36me3 guides the deposition of m6A on nascent RNA transcripts. Finally, this review summarizes the deep understanding of the role of SETD2 in RNA methylation/modification and how SETD2 mutation contributes to tumour development.
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11948
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Saeki C, Tsubota A. Influencing Factors and Molecular Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia and Osteosarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090899. [PMID: 34575048 PMCID: PMC8468289 DOI: 10.3390/life11090899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a pivotal role in nutrient/energy metabolism and storage, anabolic hormone regulation, ammonia detoxification, and cytokine production. Impaired liver function can cause malnutrition, hyperammonemia, and chronic inflammation, leading to an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and proteolysis. Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) have a high prevalence of sarcopenia, characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and function, affecting health-related quality of life and prognosis. Recent reports have revealed that osteosarcopenia, defined as the concomitant occurrence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, is also highly prevalent in patients with CLD. Since the differentiation and growth of muscles and bones are closely interrelated through mechanical and biochemical communication, sarcopenia and osteoporosis often progress concurrently and affect each other. Osteosarcopenia further exacerbates unfavorable health outcomes, such as vertebral fracture and frailty. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteosarcopenia, and an understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involving the liver, bones, and muscles, are important for prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia elucidated to data in hopes of promoting advances in treating these musculoskeletal disorders in patients with CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Saeki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
| | - Akihito Tsubota
- Core Research Facilities, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3433-1111
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11949
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Leão TK, Ribeiro DL, Machado ART, Costa TR, Sampaio SV, Antunes LMG. Synephrine and caffeine combination promotes cytotoxicity, DNA damage and transcriptional modulation of apoptosis-related genes in human HepG2 cells. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2021; 868-869:503375. [PMID: 34454690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The abusive consumption of thermogenic supplements occurs worldwide and deserves special attention due to their use to stimulate weight loss and prevent obesity. Thermogenic formulations usually contain Synephrine (SN) and Caffeine (CAF), stimulating compounds extracted from natural sources, but no genetic toxicology studies have predicted this hazardous combination potential. This study examined the toxicogenomic responses induced by SN and CAF, either alone or in combination, in the human hepatic cell line HepG2 in vitro. SN (0.03-30 μM) and CAF (0.6-600 μM) alone did neither decrease cell viability nor induce DNA damage, as assessed using the MTT and comet assays, respectively. SN (3 μM) and CAF (30-600 μM) were combined at concentrations similar to those found in commercial dietary supplements. SN/CAF at 3:90 and 3:600 μM ratios significantly decreased cell viability and increased DNA damage levels in HepG2 cells. CAF (600 μM) and the SN/CAF association at 3:60, 3:90, and 3:600 μM ratios promoted cell death by apoptosis, as demonstrated by flow cytometry. Similar results were observed in gene expression (RT-qPCR): SN/CAF up-regulated the expression of apoptosis- (BCL-2 and CASP9) and DNA repair-related (XPC) genes. SN/CAF at 3:90 μM also downregulated the expression of cell cycle control (CDKN1A) genes. In conclusion, the SN/CAF combination reduces cell viability by inducing apoptosis, damages DNA, and modulates the transcriptional expression of apoptosis-, cell cycle-, and DNA repair-related genes in human hepatic (HepG2) cells in vitro. These effects can be worrisome to consumers of thermogenic supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Keiller Leão
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n°, CEP: 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Luís Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Thomazela Machado
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n°, CEP: 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tássia Rafaela Costa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n°, CEP: 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n°, CEP: 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n°, CEP: 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11950
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Borgia M, Dal Bo M, Toffoli G. Role of Virus-Related Chronic Inflammation and Mechanisms of Cancer Immune-Suppression in Pathogenesis and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174387. [PMID: 34503196 PMCID: PMC8431318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis is dependent on a chronic inflammation caused by several factors, including hepatotropic viruses, such as HCV and HBV. This chronic inflammation is established in the context of the immunotolerogenic environment peculiar of the liver, in which the immune system can be stimulated by HCV and HBV viral antigens. This complex interaction can be influenced by direct-acting antiviral drug treatments, capable of (almost totally) rapidly eradicating HCV infection. The influence of anti-viral treatments on HCC pathogenesis and progression remains to be fully clarified. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be classified as a prototypical inflammation-driven cancer that generally arises from a background of liver cirrhosis, but that in the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), could develop in the absence of fibrosis or cirrhosis. Tumor-promoting inflammation characterizes HCC pathogenesis, with an epidemiology of the chronic liver disease frequently encompassing hepatitis virus B (HBV) or C (HCV). HCC tumor onset and progression is a serial and heterogeneous process in which intrinsic factors, such as genetic mutations and chromosomal instability, are closely associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which may have features associated with the etiopathogenesis and expression of the viral antigens, which favor the evasion of tumor neoantigens to immune surveillance. With the introduction of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies for HCV infection, sustained virological response (SVR) has become very high, although occurrence of HCC and reactivation of HBV in patients with co-infection, who achieved SVR in short term, have been observed in a significant proportion of treated cases. In this review, we discuss the main molecular and TME features that are responsible for HCC pathogenesis and progression. Peculiar functional aspects that could be related to the presence and treatment of HCV/HBV viral infections are also dealt with.
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