12401
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Mangano FG, Colombo M, Veronesi G, Caprioglio A, Mangano C. Mesenchymal stem cells in maxillary sinus augmentation: A systematic review with meta-analysis. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:976-991. [PMID: 26240683 PMCID: PMC4515439 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i6.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA), with various scaffold materials.
METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE and SCOPUS were searched using keywords such as sinus graft, MSA, maxillary sinus lift, sinus floor elevation, MSC and cell-based, in different combinations. The searches included full text articles written in English, published over a 10-year period (2004-2014). Inclusion criteria were clinical/radiographic and histologic/ histomorphometric studies in humans and animals, on the use of MSCs in MSA. Meta-analysis was performed only for experimental studies (randomized controlled trials and controlled trials) involving MSA, with an outcome measurement of histologic evaluation with histomorphometric analysis reported. Mean and standard deviation values of newly formed bone from each study were used, and weighted mean values were assessed to account for the difference in the number of subjects among the different studies. To compare the results between the test and the control groups, the differences of regenerated bone in mean and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies (18 animal studies and 21 human studies) published over a 10-year period (between 2004 and 2014) were considered to be eligible for inclusion in the present literature review. These studies demonstrated considerable variation with respect to study type, study design, follow-up, and results. Meta-analysis was performed on 9 studies (7 animal studies and 2 human studies). The weighted mean difference estimate from a random-effect model was 9.5% (95%CI: 3.6%-15.4%), suggesting a positive effect of stem cells on bone regeneration. Heterogeneity was measured by the I2 index. The formal test confirmed the presence of substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 83%, P < 0.0001). In attempt to explain the substantial heterogeneity observed, we considered a meta-regression model with publication year, support type (animal vs humans) and follow-up length (8 or 12 wk) as covariates. After adding publication year, support type and follow-up length to the meta-regression model, heterogeneity was no longer significant (I2 = 33%, P = 0.25).
CONCLUSION: Several studies have demonstrated the potential for cell-based approaches in MSA; further clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.
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12402
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Abstract
Editing the genome using approaches like TALEN and siRNA are already well tested. The new kid on the block is CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR-Cas9 is rapidly evolving with impressive refinements for specificity, eliminating off-target effects, and versatility. One can adjust constructs and conditions to produce opposite effects on the genome and for a specific purpose. The nuances of the system, the means to significantly reduce off-targeting, and numerous applications are now emerging rapidly. This B&B commentary looks forward into how the CRISPR-Cas9 tool might serve the CCN field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Yeger
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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12403
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Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a hypothalamic decapeptide essential for fertility in vertebrates. Human male patients lacking GnRH and treated with hormone therapy can remain fertile after cessation of treatment suggesting that new GnRH neurons can be generated during adult life. We used zebrafish to investigate the neurogenic potential of the adult hypothalamus. Previously we have characterized the development of GnRH cells in the zebrafish linking genetic pathways to the differentiation of neuromodulatory and endocrine GnRH cells in specific regions of the brain. Here, we developed a new method to obtain neural progenitors from the adult hypothalamus in vitro. Using this system, we show that neurospheres derived from the adult hypothalamus can be maintained in culture and subsequently differentiate glia and neurons. Importantly, the adult derived progenitors differentiate into neurons containing GnRH and the number of cells is increased through exposure to either testosterone or GnRH, hormones used in therapeutic treatment in humans. Finally, we show in vivo that a neurogenic niche in the hypothalamus contains GnRH positive neurons. Thus, we demonstrated for the first time that neurospheres can be derived from the hypothalamus of the adult zebrafish and that these neural progenitors are capable of producing GnRH containing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cortés-Campos
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Pasaje Harrington 269, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (WIBR), 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joaquín Letelier
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Pasaje Harrington 269, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utera km 1, Sevilla 41013, España
| | - Ricardo Ceriani
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Pasaje Harrington 269, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Kathleen E Whitlock
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Pasaje Harrington 269, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
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12404
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Walberer M, Rueger MA. The macrosphere model-an embolic stroke model for studying the pathophysiology of focal cerebral ischemia in a translational approach. Ann Transl Med 2015. [PMID: 26207251 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.04.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The main challenge of stroke research is to translate promising experimental findings from the bench to the bedside. Many suggestions have been made how to achieve this goal, identifying the need for appropriate experimental animal models as one key issue. We here discuss the macrosphere model of focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, which closely resembles the pathophysiology of human stroke both in its acute and chronic phase. Key pathophysiological processes such as brain edema, cortical spreading depolarizations (CSD), neuroinflammation, and stem cell-mediated regeneration are observed in this stroke model, following characteristic temporo-spatial patterns. Non-invasive in vivo imaging allows studying the macrosphere model from the very onset of ischemia up to late remodeling processes in an intraindividual and longitudinal fashion. Such a design of pre-clinical stroke studies provides the basis for a successful translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Walberer
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ; 2 Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany ; 3 Animal Welfare Office, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ; 2 Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany ; 3 Animal Welfare Office, University of Cologne, Germany
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12405
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You HJ, Namgoong S, Han SK, Jeong SH, Dhong ES, Kim WK. Wound-healing potential of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro--a pilot study. Cytotherapy 2015. [PMID: 26212609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Our previous studies demonstrated that human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells have great potential for wound healing. However, it is difficult to clinically utilize cultured stem cells. Recently, human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCB-MSCs) have been commercialized for cartilage repair as a first cell therapy product that uses allogeneic stem cells. Should hUCB-MSCs have a superior effect on wound healing as compared with fibroblasts, which are the main cell source in current cell therapy products for wound healing, they may possibly replace fibroblasts. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the wound-healing activity of hUCB-MSCs with that of fibroblasts. METHODS This study was particularly designed to compare the effect of hUCB-MSCs on diabetic wound healing with those of allogeneic and autologous fibroblasts. Healthy (n = 5) and diabetic (n = 5) fibroblasts were used as the representatives of allogeneic and autologous fibroblasts for diabetic patients in the control group. Human UCB-MSCs (n = 5) were used in the experimental group. Cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and growth factor (basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β) production were compared among the three cell groups. RESULTS Human UCB-MSCs produced significantly higher amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor when compared with both fibroblast groups. Human UCB-MSCs were superior to diabetic fibroblasts but not to healthy fibroblasts in collagen synthesis. There were no significant differences in cell proliferation and transforming growth factor-β production. CONCLUSIONS Human UCB-MSCs may have greater capacity for diabetic wound healing than allogeneic or autologous fibroblasts, especially in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hi-Jin You
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sik Namgoong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Kyu Han
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seong-Ho Jeong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Dhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12406
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Shea TC, Walko C, Chung Y, Ivanova A, Sheets J, Rao K, Gabriel D, Comeau T, Wood W, Coghill J, Armistead P, Sarantopoulos S, Serody J. Phase I/II Trial of Dose-Escalated Busulfan Delivered by Prolonged Continuous Infusion in Allogeneic Transplant Patients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015. [PMID: 26210442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intensive chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus irradiation and allogeneic stem cell transplantation can be curative for patients with hematologic diseases. Reduced-intensity transplants can also achieve cure and result in less treatment-related mortality but higher relapse rates. Thus, optimizing the conditioning regimens used in allogeneic transplantation remains an important goal. We conducted a phase I/II trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of a continuous infusion of busulfan over 90 hours in conjunction with fludarabine followed by allogeneic related or unrelated donor transplant. Fifty-four patients with advanced hematologic malignancies were enrolled on this study. The MTD was identified as a 24-hour area under the curve (AUC) of approximately 7095 μM/min, which represents a 43% increase over the standard total daily AUC dose of 4800 μM/min given by intermittent schedules. DLTs at doses over 8000 μM/min were identified by a desquamative skin rash and mucositis. No dose-related increase in hepatic, pulmonary, or other organ toxicities were seen, whereas efficacy appeared to be improved at higher dose levels. Continuous-infusion busulfan with intermittent fludarabine provides an alternative treatment strategy that is generally well tolerated and permits an increase in total busulfan dose with encouraging efficacy. (NCI study no. NCT00448357.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Shea
- Program in Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Christine Walko
- DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Division of Population Science, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yunro Chung
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Julia Sheets
- Program in Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kamakshi Rao
- Program in Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Don Gabriel
- Program in Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Terry Comeau
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, St. John's Regional Hospital, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - William Wood
- Program in Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James Coghill
- Program in Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul Armistead
- Program in Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Jonathan Serody
- Program in Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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12407
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Abstract
Dissecting the crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment is quickly becoming the new frontier in cancer research. It is now widely accepted that cancer cells can exert a profound influence over their surroundings, by changing the microenvironment from a normal to a tumor-supportive state that allows for sustained tumor growth, invasion, and drug resistance. Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, are recognized as a new category of intercellular communicator, and they are emerging as of primary importance in controlling the interplay between the tumor and its environment. Exosomes derived from cancer cells or from cells of the tumor microenvironment allow for the horizontal transfer of information by virtue of their cargo, made of functional proteins and nucleic acids that are specifically sorted and loaded in exosomes during their biogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge regarding the role invested by microRNAs, a family of short non-coding RNAs frequently deregulated in malignancies and present in exosomes, in shaping the microenvironment in a cancer-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Neviani
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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12408
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Abstract
In this report, we present the results of a single patient with optic neuropathy treated within the Stem Cell Ophthalmology Treatment Study (SCOTS). SCOTS is an Institutional Review Board approved clinical trial and is the largest ophthalmology stem cell study registered at the National Institutes of Health to date- www.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT 01920867. SCOTS utilizes autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells in the treatment of optic nerve and retinal diseases. Pre- and post-treatment comprehensive eye exams were independently performed at the Wilmer Eye Institute at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, USA. A 27 year old female patient had lost vision approximately 5 years prior to enrollment in SCOTS. Pre-treatment best-corrected visual acuity at the Wilmer Eye Institute was 20/800 Right Eye (OD) and 20/4,000 Left Eye (OS). Four months following treatment in SCOTS, the central visual acuity had improved to 20/100 OD and 20/40 OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Weiss
- Retina Associates of South Florida, 5800 Colonial Drive, Suite 300, Margate, FL, USA
| | - Steven Levy
- MD Stem Cells, 412 Main Street, Suite I, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Alexis Malkin
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Wilmer 317, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12409
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Abstract
SummaryGap junctional intercellular communication is assumed to play an important role during pre- and peri-implantation development. In this study, we eliminated connexin43 (Cx43) and connexin45 (Cx45), major gap junctional proteins in the pre- and peri-implantation embryo. We generated Cx43−/−Cx45−/− embryos by Cx43+/−Cx45+/− intercrossing, because mice deficient in Cx43 (Cx43−/−) exhibit perinatal lethality and those deficient in Cx45 (Cx45−/−) exhibit early embryonic lethality. Wild-type, Cx43−/−, Cx45−/−, and Cx43−/−Cx45−/− blastocysts all showed similar outgrowths in in vitro culture. Moreover, Cx43−/−Cx45−/− embryos were obtained at the expected Mendelian ratio up to embryonic day 9.5, when the Cx45−/− mutation proved lethal. The Cx43−/−Cx45−/− embryos seemed to have no additional developmental abnormalities in comparison with the single knockout strains. Thus, pre- and peri-implantation development does not require Cx43 and Cx45. Other gap junctional proteins are expressed around these stages and these may compensate for the lack of Cx43 and Cx45.
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12410
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Cheng L, Pan GF, Zhang XD, Wang JL, Wang WD, Zhang JY, Wang H, Liang RX, Sun XB. Yindanxinnaotong, a Chinese compound medicine, synergistically attenuates atherosclerosis progress. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26196108 PMCID: PMC4508829 DOI: 10.1038/srep12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yindanxinnaotong (YD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been introduced to
clinical medicine for more than a decade, while its pharmacological properties are
still not to be well addressed. This report aimed to explore the
anti-atherosclerosis properties and underlying mechanisms of YD. We initially
performed a computational prediction based on a network pharmacology simulation,
which clued YD exerted synergistically anti-atherosclerosis properties by vascular
endothelium protection, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. These
outcomes were then validated in atherosclerosis rats. The experiments provided
evidences indicating YD’s contribution in this study included, (1)
significantly reduced the severity of atherosclerosis, inhibited reconstruction of
the artery wall and regulated the lipid profile; (2) enhanced antioxidant power,
strengthened the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased malondialdhyde
levels; (3) significantly increased the viability of umbilical vein endothelial
cells exposed to oxidative stress due to pretreatment with YD; (4) significantly
reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines; (5) significantly down-regulated
NF-kB/p65 and up-regulated IkB in the YD-treated groups. Overall, these results
demonstrated that YD intervention relieves atherosclerosis through regulating
lipids, reducing lipid particle deposition in the endothelial layer of artery,
enhancing antioxidant power, and repressing inflammation activity by inhibiting the
nuclear factor-kappa B signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guo-feng Pan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-dong Zhang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, 100038, P. R. China
| | - Jian-lu Wang
- Institute of Medicia Materia, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China
| | - Wan-dan Wang
- Institute of Medicia Materia, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China
| | - Jian-yong Zhang
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, P. R. China
| | - Ri-xin Liang
- Institute of Medicia Materia, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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12411
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Lazzarotto D, Candoni A, Nadali G, Pavan L, Lessi F, Mosna F, Simeone E, Ventura G, Gherlinzoni F, Semenzato G, Pizzolo G, Fanin R. Multicentre survey to explore current survival of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia who failed induction chemotherapy. Eur J Haematol 2015; 96:586-92. [PMID: 26186084 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukaemia not responsive to first induction chemotherapy (PIF-AML) still remains a challenge, and there are only few recent epidemiological data regarding the outcome of these patients. In this multicentre survey, we evaluate the prognosis and outcome of patients with PIF-AML, who were diagnosed and treated in the last 5 yrs in four Italian institutions. RESULTS One hundred PIF-AML were recorded, 57 males and 43 females, with a median age of 63 yrs (19-79), 42% were younger than 60 yrs; 42% had a secondary AML and 40% had an adverse karyotype. According to cytogenetic/molecular risk stratification at diagnosis, 33% of patients were classified as favourable/intermediate-1 risk and 56% as intermediate-2/adverse risk. After a median follow-up of 11 months (1-49), 77% of patients died, while 23% were alive (with 12/23 in cCR). Thirty-six patients underwent allogeneic SCT, and of these, 11 of 36 (31%) were alive at last follow-up. The 12- and 24-month OS probability of the whole population was 45% and 21%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the probability of OS of the whole population was significantly improved by Allo-SCT procedure (12-month OS probability 60% vs. 35%; P < 0.0001) and was better in patients with favourable/intermediate-1 risk at diagnosis (12-month OS probability 58% vs. 40%; P = 0.028). In transplanted cases, a pretransplant responsive disease was the only significant factor to predict a favourable outcome after Allo-SCT (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Treatment options of PIF-AML still are limited and the prognosis, even recently, remains extremely poor. This survey shows that PIF-AML is still rarely cured without Allo-SCT and confirms the importance of initiating an urgent unrelated donor search in cases without a matched sibling donor. Moreover, the outcome of Allo-SCT is better in patients who achieve a good AML debulking before transplant. To reach this goal, new predictive scores and new protocols of salvage therapy (with target drugs or combinations) need to be explored urgently in PIF-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Lazzarotto
- Division of Hematology and SCT, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Anna Candoni
- Division of Hematology and SCT, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Laura Pavan
- Division of Hematology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Lessi
- Division of Hematology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Mosna
- Division of Hematology, Hospital of Treviso, Treviso, Italy
| | - Erica Simeone
- Division of Hematology and SCT, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ventura
- Division of Hematology and SCT, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Renato Fanin
- Division of Hematology and SCT, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
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12412
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Abstract
Corneal wound healing is a complex process involving cell death, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Many similarities are observed in the healing processes of corneal epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells, as well as cell-specific differences. Corneal epithelial healing largely depends on limbal stem cells and remodeling of the basement membrane. During stromal healing, keratocytes get transformed to motile and contractile myofibroblasts largely due to activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) system. Endothelial cells heal mostly by migration and spreading, with cell proliferation playing a secondary role. In the last decade, many aspects of wound healing process in different parts of the cornea have been elucidated, and some new therapeutic approaches have emerged. The concept of limbal stem cells received rigorous experimental corroboration, with new markers uncovered and new treatment options including gene and microRNA therapy tested in experimental systems. Transplantation of limbal stem cell-enriched cultures for efficient re-epithelialization in stem cell deficiency and corneal injuries has become reality in clinical setting. Mediators and course of events during stromal healing have been detailed, and new treatment regimens including gene (decorin) and stem cell therapy for excessive healing have been designed. This is a very important advance given the popularity of various refractive surgeries entailing stromal wound healing. Successful surgical ways of replacing the diseased endothelium have been clinically tested, and new approaches to accelerate endothelial healing and suppress endothelial-mesenchymal transformation have been proposed including Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor eye drops and gene therapy to activate TGF-β inhibitor SMAD7. Promising new technologies with potential for corneal wound healing manipulation including microRNA, induced pluripotent stem cells to generate corneal epithelium, and nanocarriers for corneal drug delivery are discussed. Attention is also paid to problems in wound healing understanding and treatment, such as lack of specific epithelial stem cell markers, reliable identification of stem cells, efficient prevention of haze and stromal scar formation, lack of data on wound regulating microRNAs in keratocytes and endothelial cells, as well as virtual lack of targeted systems for drug and gene delivery to select corneal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ljubimov
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12413
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Human adipose stem cells (hASCs) have the potential to treat patients with a variety of clinical conditions. Recent advancements in translational research, regulatory policy, and industry have positioned hASCs on the threshold of clinical translation. We discuss the progress and challenges of bringing adipose stem cell therapy into mainstream clinical use. SIGNIFICANCE This article details the advances made in recent years that have helped move human adipose stem cell therapy toward mainstream clinical use from a translational research, regulatory policy, and industrial standpoint. Four recurrent themes in translational technology as they pertain to human adipose stem cells are discussed: automated closed-system operations, biosensors and real-time monitoring, biomimetics, and rapid manufacturing. In light of recent FDA guidance documents, regulatory concerns about adipose stem cell therapy are discussed. Finally, an update is provided on the current state of clinical trials and the emerging industry that uses human adipose stem cells. This article is expected to stimulate future studies in translational adipose stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Nordberg
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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12414
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Palumbo P, Miconi G, Cinque B, La Torre C, Lombardi F, Zoccali G, Orsini G, Leocata P, Giuliani M, Cifone MG. In vitro evaluation of different methods of handling human liposuction aspirate and their effect on adipocytes and adipose derived stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1974-81. [PMID: 25736190 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, fat tissue transplantation is widely used in regenerative and reconstructive surgery. However, a shared method of lipoaspirate handling for ensuring a good quality fat transplant has not yet been established. The study was to identify a method to recover from the lipoaspirate samples the highest number of human viable adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) included in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and of adipocytes suitable for transplantation, avoiding an extreme handling. We compared the lipoaspirate spontaneous stratification (10-20-30 min) with the centrifugation technique at different speeds (90-400-1500 × g). After each procedure, lipoaspirate was separated into top oily lipid layer, liquid fraction, "middle layer", and bottom layer. We assessed the number of both adipocytes in the middle layer and SVF cells in all layers. The histology of middle layer and the surface phenotype of SVF cells by stemness markers (CD105+, CD90+, CD45-) was analyzed as well. The results showed a normal architecture in all conditions except for samples centrifuged at 1500 × g. In both methods, the flow cytometry analysis showed that greater number of ADSCs was in middle layer; in the fluid portion and in bottom layer was not revealed significant expression levels of stemness markers. Our findings indicate that spontaneous stratification at 20 min and centrifugation at 400 × g are efficient approaches to obtain highly viable ADSCs cells and adipocytes, ensuring a good thickness of lipoaspirate for autologous fat transfer. Since an important aspect of surgery practice consists of gain time, the 400 × g centrifugation could be the recommended method when the necessary instrumentation is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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12415
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Nakamura T, Inatomi T, Sotozono C, Koizumi N, Kinoshita S. Ocular surface reconstruction using stem cell and tissue engineering. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 51:187-207. [PMID: 26187034 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most human sensory information is gained through eyesight, and integrity of the ocular surface, including cornea and conjunctiva, is known to be indispensable for good vision. It is believed that severe damage to corneal epithelial stem cells results in devastating ocular surface disease, and many researchers and scientists have tried to reconstruct the ocular surface using medical and surgical approaches. Ocular surface reconstruction via regenerative therapy is a newly developed medical field that promises to be the next generation of therapeutic modalities, based on the use of tissue-specific stem cells to generate biological substitutes and improve tissue functions. The accomplishment of these objectives depends on three key factors: stem cells, which have highly proliferative capacities and longevities; the substrates determining the environmental niche; and growth factors that support them appropriately. This manuscript describes the diligent development of ocular surface reconstruction using tissue engineering techniques, both past and present, and discusses and validates their future use for regenerative therapy in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakamura
- Department of Frontier Medical Sciences and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Inatomi
- Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Koizumi
- Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Sciences and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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12416
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Bertolini F, Orecchioni S, Petit JY, Kolonin MG. Obesity, proinflammatory mediators, adipose tissue progenitors, and breast cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2014; 26:545-50. [PMID: 25279961 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is emerging evidence that obesity is associated with an increase in the incidence, severity, and mortality from different types of cancer, including postmenopausal breast cancer. Here, we discuss the role of white adipose tissue (WAT) cells and of related soluble factors in the local and metastatic growth of this neoplastic disease. Moreover, we discuss the recent increase in the use of WAT-derived progenitor cells in breast cancer patients to enhance the quality of breast reconstruction and the related risks. RECENT FINDINGS In several murine models, WAT cells and progenitors were found to have cooperative roles in promoting local breast cancer. Moreover, they were found to contribute to adipocytes and pericytes supporting the cancer vasculature, and stimulated the metastatic progression of breast cancer. There are some clinically retrospective data showing a significant increase in the frequency of intraepithelial neoplasia in patients who received a lipofilling procedure for breast reconstruction compared with controls. SUMMARY Preclinical models and clinical studies are urgently needed to investigate how to inhibit the tumor-promoting activity of WAT cells and progenitors. The risks associated with the use of WAT cells for breast reconstructions should be better investigated retrospectively and prospectively.
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12417
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Ali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/Oncology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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12418
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Shelke NB, Lee P, Anderson M, Mistry N, Nagarale RK, Ma XM, Yu X, Kumbar SG. Neural tissue engineering: nanofiber-hydrogel based composite scaffolds. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Namdev B. Shelke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington; CT 06030 USA
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington; CT 06030 USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington; CT 06030 USA
| | - Paul Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering; Stevens Institute of Technology; Hoboken NJ 07030 USA
| | - Matthew Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington; CT 06030 USA
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington; CT 06030 USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington; CT 06030 USA
| | - Nikhil Mistry
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington; CT 06030 USA
| | - Rajaram K. Nagarale
- Reverse Osmosis Division; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; Bhavnagar Gujarat 364002 India
| | - Xin-Ming Ma
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering; Stevens Institute of Technology; Hoboken NJ 07030 USA
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington; CT 06030 USA
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington; CT 06030 USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington; CT 06030 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269 USA
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12419
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Marquez-Curtis LA, Janowska-Wieczorek A, McGann LE, Elliott JA. Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various tissues: Biological, clinical and cryopreservation aspects. Cryobiology. 2015;71:181-197. [PMID: 26186998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Originally isolated from bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have since been obtained from various fetal and post-natal tissues and are the focus of an increasing number of clinical trials. Because of their tremendous potential for cellular therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, it is desirable to cryopreserve and bank MSCs to increase their access and availability. A remarkable amount of research and resources have been expended towards optimizing the protocols, freezing media composition, cooling devices and storage containers, as well as developing good manufacturing practices in order to ensure that MSCs retain their therapeutic characteristics following cryopreservation and that they are safe for clinical use. Here, we first present an overview of the identification of MSCs, their tissue sources and the properties that render them suitable as a cellular therapeutic. Next, we discuss the responses of cells during freezing and focus on the traditional and novel approaches used to cryopreserve MSCs. We conclude that viable MSCs from diverse tissues can be recovered after cryopreservation using a variety of freezing protocols, cryoprotectants, storage periods and temperatures. However, alterations in certain functions of MSCs following cryopreservation warrant future investigations on the recovery of cells post-thaw followed by expansion of functional cells in order to achieve their full therapeutic potential.
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12420
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Goulart CO, Martinez AMB. Tubular conduits, cell-based therapy and exercise to improve peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:565-7. [PMID: 26170815 PMCID: PMC4424747 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.155424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oliveira Goulart
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, HUCFF -UFRJ - Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, HUCFF -UFRJ - Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
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12421
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Thurman-Newell JA, Petzing JN, Williams DJ. Quantification of biological variation in blood-based therapy--a summary of a meta-analysis to inform manufacturing in the clinic. Vox Sang 2015; 109:394-402. [PMID: 26174339 PMCID: PMC5016773 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Biological raw materials, the basis for cellular therapies such as stem cells, have a significantly greater degree of complexity than their traditional pharmaceutical counterparts. This can be attributed to the inherent variation of its source – human beings. Currently, cell therapies are made in small, ad hoc batches, but larger scale production is a prerequisite to meeting future demand and will require a quality‐by‐design approach to manufacturing that will be designed around, or be robust to this variation. Quantification of variation will require understanding of the current baseline and stratification of its sources. Materials and Methods Haematopoietic stem cell therapy was chosen as a case study to explore this variation, and a PRISMA‐guided (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) systematic meta‐analysis was carried out for a number of predetermined cell measurements. Results From this data set, it appears that the extent of variation in therapeutic dose (in terms of transplanted total nucleated cells and CD34+ cells per kilogram) for HSCT is between one and four orders of magnitude of the median. Conclusions This is tolerated under the practice of medicine but would be unmanageable from a biomanufacturing perspective and raises concerns about comparable levels of efficacy and treatment. A number of sources that will contribute towards this variation are also reported, as is the direction of travel for 4 greater clarity of the scale of this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Thurman-Newell
- Healthcare Engineering Group, Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - J N Petzing
- Healthcare Engineering Group, Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - D J Williams
- Healthcare Engineering Group, Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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12422
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Pike S, Zhang P, Wei Z, Wu N, Klinger A, Chang S, Jones R, Carpenter J, Brown SA, DiMuzio P, Tulenko T, Liu Y. In vitro effects of tamoxifen on adipose-derived stem cells. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:728-36. [PMID: 26043659 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In breast reconstructive procedures, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) that are present in clinical fat grafting isolates are considered to play the main role in improving wound healing. In patients following chemotherapy for breast cancer, poor soft tissue wound healing is a major problem. However, it is unclear if tamoxifen (TAM) as the most widely used hormonal therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment, affects the ASCs and ultimately wound healing. This study evaluated whether TAM exposure to in vitro human ASCs modulate cellular functions. Human ASCs were isolated and treated with TAM at various concentrations. The effects of TAM on cell cycle, cell viability and proliferation rates of ASCs were examined by growth curves, MTT assay and BrdU incorporation, respectively. Annexin V and JC-1 Mitochondrial Membrane Potential assays were used to analyze ASC apoptosis rates. ASCs were cultured in derivative-specific differentiation media with or without TAM (5 uM) for 3 weeks. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and histological staining. TAM has cytotoxic effects on human ASCs through apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners. TAM treatment significantly down-regulates the capacity of ASCs for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation (p<0.05 vs. control), and inhibit the ability of the ASCs to subsequently formed cords in Matrigel. This study is the first findings to our knowledge that demonstrated that TAM inhibited ASC proliferation and multi-lineage ASC differentiation rates. These results may provide insight into the role of TAM with associated poor soft tissue wound healing and decreased fat graft survival in cancer patients receiving TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pike
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Zhengyu Wei
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Aaron Klinger
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Shaohua Chang
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Robert Jones
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey Carpenter
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Spencer A Brown
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Paul DiMuzio
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Tulenko
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
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12423
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Gładysz D, Hozyasz KK. Stem cell regenerative therapy in alveolar cleft reconstruction. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1517-32. [PMID: 26263541 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Achieving a successful and well-functioning reconstruction of craniofacial deformities still remains a challenge. As for now, autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard for alveolar cleft reconstruction. However, its aesthetic and functional results often remain unsatisfactory, which carries a long-term psychosocial and medical sequelae. Therefore, searching for novel therapeutic approaches is strongly indicated. With the recent advances in stem cell research, cell-based tissue engineering strategies move from the bench to the patients' bedside. Successful stem cell engineering employs a carefully selected stem cell source, a biodegradable scaffold with osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, as well as an addition of growth factors or cytokines to enhance osteogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in mesenchymal stem cell tissue engineering, discusses animal models and case reports of stem cell enhanced bone regeneration, as well as ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Gładysz
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil K Hozyasz
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
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12424
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Florencio-Silva R, Sasso GR, Sasso-Cerri E, Simões MJ, Cerri PS. Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:421746. [PMID: 26247020 DOI: 10.1155/2015/421746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 843] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue is continuously remodeled through the concerted actions of bone cells, which include bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, whereas osteocytes act as mechanosensors and orchestrators of the bone remodeling process. This process is under the control of local (e.g., growth factors and cytokines) and systemic (e.g., calcitonin and estrogens) factors that all together contribute for bone homeostasis. An imbalance between bone resorption and formation can result in bone diseases including osteoporosis. Recently, it has been recognized that, during bone remodeling, there are an intricate communication among bone cells. For instance, the coupling from bone resorption to bone formation is achieved by interaction between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Moreover, osteocytes produce factors that influence osteoblast and osteoclast activities, whereas osteocyte apoptosis is followed by osteoclastic bone resorption. The increasing knowledge about the structure and functions of bone cells contributed to a better understanding of bone biology. It has been suggested that there is a complex communication between bone cells and other organs, indicating the dynamic nature of bone tissue. In this review, we discuss the current data about the structure and functions of bone cells and the factors that influence bone remodeling.
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12425
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Maslova O, Novak M, Kruzliak P. Umbilical Cord Tissue-Derived Cells as Therapeutic Agents. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:150609. [PMID: 26246808 DOI: 10.1155/2015/150609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the characteristics of SC, including UC-derived cells, are a dramatically discussed issue, this review will focus particularly on some controversial issues regarding clinical utility of cells isolated from UC tissue. UC-derived cells have several advantages compared to other types and sources of stem cells. The impact of UC topography on cell characteristics is briefly discussed. The necessity to adapt existing methods of cell isolation and culturing to GMP conditions is mentioned, as well as possible cryopreservation of this material. Light is shed on some future perspectives for UC-derived cells.
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12426
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Piscaglia AC, Rutella S, Laterza L, Cesario V, Campanale M, Cazzato IA, Ianiro G, Barbaro F, Di Maurizio L, Bonanno G, Cenci T, Cammarota G, Larocca LM, Gasbarrini A. Circulating hematopoietic stem cells and putative intestinal stem cells in coeliac disease. J Transl Med 2015; 13:220. [PMID: 26160352 PMCID: PMC4498508 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intestinal stem cells (ISC) modulation and the role of circulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in coeliac disease (CD) are poorly understood. Our aim was to investigate the longitudinal modifications in peripheral blood HSC traffic and putative ISC density induced by gluten-free diet (GFD) in CD. Methods Thirty-one CD patients and 7 controls were enrolled. Circulating CD133+ and CD34+ HSC were measured by flow cytometry, at enrolment and after 7 days and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of GFD. Endoscopy was performed at diagnosis and repeated at 6, 12, and 24 months following GFD. We used the Marsh-Oberhuber score to evaluate the histological severity of duodenal damage; immunohistochemistry was employed to measure the intraepithelial lymphoid infiltrate (IEL, CD3+ lymphoid cells) and the putative ISC compartment (CD133+ and Lgr5+ epithelial cells). Results At enrolment, circulating HSCs were significantly increased in CD patients and they further augmented during the first week of GFD, but progressively decreased afterwards. CD patients presented with villous atrophy, abundant IEL and rare ISC residing at the crypt base. Upon GFD, IEL progressively decreased, while ISC density increased, peaking at 12 months. After 24 months of GFD, all patients were asymptomatic and their duodenal mucosa was macroscopically and histologically normal. Conclusions In active CD patients, the ISC niche is depleted and there is an increased traffic of circulating HSC versus non-coeliac subjects. GFD induces a precocious mobilization of circulating HSC, which is followed by the expansion of the local ISC compartment, leading to mucosal healing and clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiara Piscaglia
- Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Unit, State Hospital, Borgo Maggiore, Republic of San Marino. .,Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Rutella
- Division of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, PO Box 26999, Burj Doha, 8th Floor, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Lucrezia Laterza
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Cesario
- Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Unit, State Hospital, Borgo Maggiore, Republic of San Marino. .,Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariachiara Campanale
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federico Barbaro
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Di Maurizio
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Bonanno
- Institute of Gynecology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tonia Cenci
- Institute of Pathology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi Maria Larocca
- Institute of Pathology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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12427
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Allahverdi A, Abroun S, Jafarian A, Soleimani M, Taghikhani M, Eskandari F. Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Insulin Producing Cells by Using A Lentiviral Vector Carrying PDX1. Cell J 2015. [PMID: 26199902 PMCID: PMC4503837 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Type I diabetes is an immunologically-mediated devastation of insulin producing cells (IPCs) in the pancreatic islet. Stem cells that produce β-cells are a new
promising tool. Adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self renewing multi potent cells showing capabilities to differentiate into ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal tissues. Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor 1 (PDX1)
is a master regulator gene required for embryonic development of the pancreas and
is crucial for normal pancreatic islets activities in adults.
Materials and Methods We induced the over-expression of the PDX1 gene in human
bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) by Lenti-PDX1 in order to generate IPCs. Next, we examine the ability of the cells by measuring insulin/c-peptide production and INSULIN and
PDX1 gene expressions.
Results After transduction, MSCs changed their morphology at day 5 and gradually differentiated into IPCs. INSULIN and PDX1 expressions were confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunostaining. IPC secreted insulin and C-peptide
in the media that contained different glucose concentrations.
Conclusion MSCs differentiated into IPCs by genetic manipulation. Our result
showed that lentiviral vectors could deliver PDX1 gene to MSCs and induce pancreatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Allahverdi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Abroun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Jafarian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghikhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Eskandari
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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12428
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Aires MB, Santos JRA, Souza KS, Farias PS, Santos ACV, Fioretto ET, Maria DA. Rat visceral yolk sac cells: viability and expression of cell markers during maternal diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:676-82. [PMID: 26176314 PMCID: PMC4541685 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The function of the visceral yolk sac (VYS) is critical for embryo organogenesis until final fetal development in rats, and can be affected by conditions such as diabetes. In view of the importance of diabetes during pregnancy for maternal and neonatal health, the objective of this study was to assess fetal weight, VYS cell markers, and viability in female Wistar rats (200-250 g) with induced diabetes (alloxan, 37 mg/kg) on the 8th gestational day (gd 8). At gd 15, rats from control (n=5) and diabetic (n=5) groups were anesthetized and laparotomized to remove the uterine horns for weighing of fetuses and collecting the VYS. Flow cytometry was used for characterizing VYS cells, and for determining mitochondrial activity, cell proliferation, DNA ploidy, cell cycle phases, and caspase-3 activity. Fetal weight was reduced in the diabetic group. Expression of the cell markers CD34, VEGFR1, CD115, CD117, CD14, CCR2, CD90, CD44, STRO-1, OCT3/4, and Nanog was detected in VYS cells in both groups. In the diabetic group, significantly decreased expression of CD34 (P<0.05), CCR2 (P<0.001), and OCT3/4 (P<0.01), and significantly increased expression of CD90 (P<0.05), CD117 (P<0.01), and CD14 (P<0.05) were observed. VYS cells with inactive mitochondria, activated caspase-3, and low proliferation were present in the rats with diabetes. Severe hyperglycemia caused by maternal diabetes had negative effects on pregnancy, VYS cell viability, and the expression of cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Aires
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - J R A Santos
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - K S Souza
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - P S Farias
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - A C V Santos
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - E T Fioretto
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - D A Maria
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, SP, São Paulo, Brasil
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12429
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Lopez-Sanchez C, Franco D, Bonet F, Garcia-Lopez V, Aranega A, Garcia-Martinez V. Negative Fgf8-Bmp2 feed-back is regulated by miR-130 during early cardiac specification. Dev Biol 2015; 406:63-73. [PMID: 26165600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It is known that secreted proteins from the anterior lateral endoderm, FGF8 and BMP2, are involved in mesodermal cardiac differentiation, which determines the first cardiac field, defined by the expression of the earliest specific cardiac markers Nkx-2.5 and Gata4. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for early cardiac development still remain unclear. At present, microRNAs represent a novel layer of complexity in the regulatory networks controlling gene expression during cardiovascular development. This paper aims to study the role of miR130 during early cardiac specification. Our model is focused on developing chick at gastrula stages. In order to identify those regulatory factors which are involved in cardiac specification, we conducted gain- and loss-of-function experiments in precardiac cells by administration of Fgf8, Bmp2 and miR130, through in vitro electroporation technique and soaked beads application. Embryos were subjected to in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and qPCR procedures. Our results reveal that Fgf8 suppresses, while Bmp2 induces, the expression of Nkx-2.5 and Gata4. They also show that Fgf8 suppresses Bmp2, and vice versa. Additionally, we observed that Bmp2 regulates miR-130 -a putative microRNA that targets Erk1/2 (Mapk1) 3'UTR, recognizing its expression in precardiac cells which overlap with Erk1/2 pattern. Finally, we evidence that miR-130 is capable to inhibit Erk1/2 and Fgf8, resulting in an increase of Bmp2, Nkx-2.5 and Gata4. Our data present miR-130 as a necessary linkage in the control of Fgf8 signaling, mediated by Bmp2, establishing a negative feed-back loop responsible to achieve early cardiac specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lopez-Sanchez
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Fernando Bonet
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Virginio Garcia-Martinez
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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12430
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Xie X, Pang M, Liang S, Yu L, Zhao Y, Ma K, Kalhoro DH, Lu C, Liu Y. Establishment and characterization of a telomerase-immortalized canine bronchiolar epithelial cell line. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9135-46. [PMID: 26156242 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dogs are susceptible to infectious diseases that occur primarily in the respiratory tract. The airway epithelium acts as a first line of defense and is constantly exposed to microorganisms present in the environment. Respiratory epithelial cells have recently gained wide use as a cell model for studying the pathogenesis of human, murine or swine respiratory pathogen infections. However, studies of the pathogenic mechanisms of canine pathogens have been hindered by the lack of reliable respiratory cell lines. Here, we cultured primary canine bronchiolar epithelial cells (CBECs), whose characteristics were confirmed by their expression of the epithelial cell-specific marker cytokeratin 18, and have provided protocols for their isolation and ex vivo expansion. Further, we established immortalized CBECs containing the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene via transfection of primary CBECs with the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-hTERT. Immortalized bronchiolar epithelial cells (hTERT-CBECs) retain the morphological and functional features of primary CBECs, as indicated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, proliferation assays, karyotype analysis, telomerase activity assay, and Western blotting, which demonstrate that hTERT-CBECs have higher telomerase activity, an extended proliferative lifespan, and a diploid complement of chromosomes, even after Passage 50. Moreover, this cell line is not transformed, as evaluated using soft agar assays and tumorigenicity analysis in nude mice, and can therefore be safely used in future studies. The isolation and establishment of stable hTERT-CBECs is of great importance for use as an in vitro model for mechanistic studies of canine pathogenic infections.
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12431
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Islet transplantation can treat the most severe cases of type 1 diabetes but it currently requires deceased donor pancreata as an islet source and chronic immunosuppression to prevent rejection and recurrence of autoimmunity. Stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells may address the shortage of organ donors, whereas cell encapsulation may reduce or eliminate the requirement for immunosuppression, minimizing the risks associated with the islet transplantation procedure, and potentially prolonging graft survival. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the design principles for immunoisolation devices and on stem cell differentiation into insulin-producing cell products. The reader will gain understanding of the different types of immunoisolation devices and the key parameters that affect the outcome of the encapsulated graft. Progresses in stem cell differentiation towards mature endocrine islet cells, including the most recent clinical trials and the challenges associated with the application of immunoisolation devices designed for primary islets to stem-cell products, are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Recent advancements in the field of stem cell-derived islet cell products and immunoisolation strategies hold great promise for type 1 diabetes. However, a combination product including both cells and an immunoisolation strategy still needs to be optimized and tested for safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Anna Tomei
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Diabetes Research Institute , 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136 , USA +1 305 243 3469 ;
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12432
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Choi SS, Park EK, Kwack MH, Sung YK. Effects of dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, on human periodontal ligament stem cells. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:991-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12433
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Colaprico A, Cava C, Bertoli G, Bontempi G, Castiglioni I. Integrative Analysis with Monte Carlo Cross-Validation Reveals miRNAs Regulating Pathways Cross-Talk in Aggressive Breast Cancer. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:831314. [PMID: 26240829 DOI: 10.1155/2015/831314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work an integrated approach was used to identify functional miRNAs regulating gene pathway cross-talk in breast cancer (BC). We first integrated gene expression profiles and biological pathway information to explore the underlying associations between genes differently expressed among normal and BC samples and pathways enriched from these genes. For each pair of pathways, a score was derived from the distribution of gene expression levels by quantifying their pathway cross-talk. Random forest classification allowed the identification of pairs of pathways with high cross-talk. We assessed miRNAs regulating the identified gene pathways by a mutual information analysis. A Fisher test was applied to demonstrate their significance in the regulated pathways. Our results suggest interesting networks of pathways that could be key regulatory of target genes in BC, including stem cell pluripotency, coagulation, and hypoxia pathways and miRNAs that control these networks could be potential biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic development in BC. This work shows that standard methods of predicting normal and tumor classes such as differentially expressed miRNAs or transcription factors could lose intrinsic features; instead our approach revealed the responsible molecules of the disease.
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12434
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Baugé C, Boumédiene K. Use of Adult Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Future Developments. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:438026. [PMID: 26246809 DOI: 10.1155/2015/438026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their low self-repair ability, cartilage defects that result from joint injury, aging, or osteoarthritis, are the most often irreversible and are a major cause of joint pain and chronic disability. So, in recent years, researchers and surgeons have been working hard to elaborate cartilage repair interventions for patients who suffer from cartilage damage. However, current methods do not perfectly restore hyaline cartilage and may lead to the apparition of fibro- or hypertrophic cartilage. In the next years, the development of new strategies using adult stem cells, in scaffolds, with supplementation of culture medium and/or culture in low oxygen tension should improve the quality of neoformed cartilage. Through these solutions, some of the latest technologies start to bring very promising results in repairing cartilage from traumatic injury or chondropathies. This review discusses the current knowledge about the use of adult stem cells in the context of cartilage tissue engineering and presents clinical trials in progress, as well as in the future, especially in the field of bioprinting stem cells.
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12435
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Brown EG, Keller BA, Lankford L, Pivetti CD, Hirose S, Farmer DL, Wang A. Age Does Matter: A Pilot Comparison of Placenta-Derived Stromal Cells for in utero Repair of Myelomeningocele Using a Lamb Model. Fetal Diagn Ther 2015; 39:179-85. [PMID: 26159889 DOI: 10.1159/000433427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetal amniotic membranes (FM) have been shown to preserve spinal cord histology in the fetal sheep model of myelomeningocele (MMC). This study compares the effectiveness of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) from early-gestation versus term-gestation placenta to augment FM repair to improve distal motor function in a sheep model. METHODS Fetal lambs (n = 4) underwent surgical MMC creation followed by repair with FM patch with term-gestation PMSCs (n = 1), FM with early-gestation PMSCs (n = 1), FM only (n = 1), and skin closure only (n = 1). Histopathology and motor assessment was performed. RESULTS Histopathologic analysis demonstrated increased preservation of spinal cord architecture and large neurons in the lamb repaired with early-gestation cells compared to all others. Lambs repaired with skin closure only, FM alone, and term-gestation PMSCs exhibited extremely limited distal motor function; the lamb repaired with early-gestation PMSCs was capable of normal ambulation. DISCUSSION This pilot study is the first in vivo comparison of different gestational-age placenta-derived stromal cells for repair in the fetal sheep MMC model. The preservation of large neurons and markedly improved motor function in the lamb repaired with early-gestation cells suggest that early-gestation placental stromal cells may exhibit unique properties that augment in utero MMC repair to improve paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin G Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Health System, Sacramento, Calif., USA
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12436
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that exist in bone marrow, fat, and so many other tissues, and can differentiate into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, as well as myocytes and neurons. Moreover, they have great capacity for self-renewal while maintaining their multipotency. Their capacity for proliferation and differentiation, in addition to their immunomodulatory activity, makes them very promising candidates for cell-based regenerative medicine. Moreover, MSCs have the ability of mobilization to the site of damage; therefore, they can automatically migrate to the site of injury via their chemokine receptors following intravenous transplantation. In this respect, they can be applied for MSC-based gene therapy. In this new therapeutic method, genes of interest are introduced into MSCs via viral and non-viral-based methods that lead to transgene expression in them. Although stem cell-based gene therapy is a relatively new strategy, it lights a new hope for the treatment of a variety of genetic disorders. In the near future, MSCs can be of use in a vast number of clinical applications, because of their uncomplicated isolation, culture, and genetic manipulation. However, full consideration is still crucial before they are utilized for clinical trials, because the number of studies that signify the advantageous effects of MSC-based gene therapy are still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Mohammadian
- a Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran
| | - Elham Abasi
- b Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- b Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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12437
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Kappos EA, Engels PE, Tremp M, Meyer zu Schwabedissen M, di Summa P, Fischmann A, von Felten S, Scherberich A, Schaefer DJ, Kalbermatten DF. Peripheral Nerve Repair: Multimodal Comparison of the Long-Term Regenerative Potential of Adipose Tissue-Derived Cells in a Biodegradable Conduit. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2127-41. [PMID: 26134465 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a popular topic in peripheral nerve repair. Combining a nerve conduit with supporting adipose-derived cells could offer an opportunity to prevent time-consuming Schwann cell culture or the use of an autograft with its donor site morbidity and eventually improve clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to provide a broad overview over promising transplantable cells under equal experimental conditions over a long-term period. A 10-mm gap in the sciatic nerve of female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 groups of 7 animals, 8 weeks old) was bridged through a biodegradable fibrin conduit filled with rat adipose-derived stem cells (rASCs), differentiated rASCs (drASCs), human (h)ASCs from the superficial and deep abdominal layer, human stromal vascular fraction (SVF), or rat Schwann cells, respectively. As a control, we resutured a nerve segment as an autograft. Long-term evaluation was carried out after 12 weeks comprising walking track, morphometric, and MRI analyses. The sciatic functional index was calculated. Cross sections of the nerve, proximal, distal, and in between the two sutures, were analyzed for re-/myelination and axon count. Gastrocnemius muscle weights were compared. MRI proved biodegradation of the conduit. Differentiated rat ASCs performed significantly better than undifferentiated rASCs with less muscle atrophy and superior functional results. Superficial hASCs supported regeneration better than deep hASCs, in line with published in vitro data. The best regeneration potential was achieved by the drASC group when compared with other adipose tissue-derived cells. Considering the ease of procedure from harvesting to transplanting, we conclude that comparison of promising cells for nerve regeneration revealed that particularly differentiated ASCs could be a clinically translatable route toward new methods to enhance peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Kappos
- 1 Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland .,2 Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patricia E Engels
- 1 Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland .,2 Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Tremp
- 1 Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland .,2 Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Meyer zu Schwabedissen
- 1 Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland .,2 Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pietro di Summa
- 3 Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arne Fischmann
- 4 Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Arnaud Scherberich
- 6 Institute for Surgical Research and Hospital Management, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- 1 Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Kalbermatten
- 1 Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland .,2 Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
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12438
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Ham O, Lee CY, Kim R, Lee J, Oh S, Lee MY, Kim J, Hwang KC, Maeng LS, Chang W. Therapeutic Potential of Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:14961-78. [PMID: 26147426 PMCID: PMC4519882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160714961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible degenerative joint disease. Conventional OA treatments often result in complications such as pain and limited activity. However, transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has several beneficial effects such as paracrine effects, anti-inflammatory activity, and immunomodulatory capacity. In addition, MSCs can be differentiated into several cell types, including chondrocytes, osteocytes, endothelia, and adipocytes. Thus, transplantation of MSCs is a suggested therapeutic tool for treatment of OA. However, transplanted naïve MSCs can cause problems such as heterogeneous populations including differentiated MSCs and undifferentiated cells. To overcome this problem, new strategies for inducing differentiation of MSCs are needed. One possibility is the application of microRNA (miRNA) and small molecules, which regulate multiple molecular pathways and cellular processes such as differentiation. Here, we provide insight into possible strategies for cartilage regeneration by transplantation of differentiated MSCs to treat OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onju Ham
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 404-834, Korea.
| | - Chang Youn Lee
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodamun-gu, Seoul 120-759, Korea.
| | - Ran Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
| | - Sekyung Oh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 404-834, Korea.
| | - Lee-So Maeng
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Incheon 403-720, Korea.
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
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12439
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyao He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
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12440
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Girlovanu M, Susman S, Soritau O, Rus-Ciuca D, Melincovici C, Constantin AM, Mihu CM. Stem cells - biological update and cell therapy progress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 88:265-71. [PMID: 26609255 PMCID: PMC4632881 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the advances in stem cell research have suggested that the human body may have a higher plasticity than it was originally expected. Until now, four categories of stem cells were isolated and cultured in vivo: embryonic stem cells, fetal stem cells, adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Although multiple studies were published, several issues concerning the stem cells are still debated, such as: the molecular mechanisms of differentiation, the methods to prevent teratoma formation or the ethical and religious issues regarding especially the embryonic stem cell research. The direct differentiation of stem cells into specialized cells: cardiac myocytes, neural cells, pancreatic islets cells, may represent an option in treating incurable diseases such as: neurodegenerative diseases, type I diabetes, hematologic or cardiac diseases. Nevertheless, stem cell-based therapies, based on stem cell transplantation, remain mainly at the experimental stages and their major limitation is the development of teratoma and cancer after transplantation. The induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent a prime candidate for future cell therapy research because of their significant self-renewal and differentiation potential and the lack of ethical issues. This article presents an overview of the biological advances in the study of stem cells and the current progress made in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Girlovanu
- Morphological Sciences Department 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Susman
- Morphological Sciences Department 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olga Soritau
- Research Department, Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Rus-Ciuca
- Department of Pathology, Karlstad Central Hospital, Sweden
| | - Carmen Melincovici
- Morphological Sciences Department 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anne-Marie Constantin
- Morphological Sciences Department 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Morphological Sciences Department 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12441
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Petrova ES. Injured Nerve Regeneration using Cell-Based Therapies: Current Challenges. Acta Naturae 2015; 7:38-47. [PMID: 26483958 PMCID: PMC4610163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the recent research progress in the past several years on promoting peripheral nerve recovery using stem and progenitory cells. The emphasis is placed on studies aimed at assessing various stem cells capable of expressing neurotrophic and growth factors and surviving after implantation in the nerve or a conduit. Approaches to improving nerve conduit design are summarized. The contribution of stem cells to axonal regeneration and neural repair is discussed. The side effects associated with cell-based treatment are highlighted. From the studies reviewed, it is concluded that the fate of transplanted stem cells needs further elucidation in a microenvironment-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. S. Petrova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Institute of Experimental Medicine», St. Petersburg, Akad. Pavlov str.,12, 197376, Russia
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12442
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Sedassari BT, Rodrigues MFSD, Mariano FV, Altemani A, Nunes FD, Sousa S. The Stem Cell Marker Bmi-1 Is Sensitive in Identifying Early Lesions of Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1035. [PMID: 26166073 PMCID: PMC4504655 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated and described the sensitivity of the stem cell marker B cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) in identifying early lesions of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA). While invasive CXPAs are tumors with a prominent and easily recognizable malignant component, the identification of early carcinomatous changes in PA remains a diagnostic challenge due to the lack of objective morphological criteria. The immunohistochemical expression of Bmi-1 was assessed in both adenomatous and carcinomatous components of 9 CXPA cases at an early phase of histological progression (6 intracapsular and 3 minimally invasive) grouped according to the cellular differentiation as luminal (7 cases) or myoepithelial (2 cases). A selective nuclear expression of Bmi-1 was found exclusively in the malignant component of 8 cases (6 luminal type and 2 myoepithelial type), including intraductal carcinoma areas, except for 1 case in which scarce cells of the remnant PA were positive. Thus, Bmi-1 is expressed from the earliest morphologically detectable stages of PA malignant transformation. When faced with atypical features in PA, evaluation of Bmi-1 expression can provide more objective criteria for identification and diagnosis of early lesions of CXPA. This is applied to carcinomas with luminal or myoepithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tavares Sedassari
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (BTS, MFSDR, FDN, SS); and Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (FVM, AA)
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12443
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Toghill BJ, Saratzis A, Harrison SC, Verissimo AR, Mallon EB, Bown MJ. The potential role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12444
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Larrañaga A, Alonso-Varona A, Palomares T, Rubio-Azpeitia E, Aldazabal P, Martin FJ, Sarasua JR. Effect of bioactive glass particles on osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded on lactide and caprolactone based scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3815-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Larrañaga
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science & POLYMAT; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), School of Engineering; Alameda de Urquijo s/n 480130 Bilbao Spain
| | - Ana Alonso-Varona
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Bilbao Spain
| | - Teodoro Palomares
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Bilbao Spain
| | - Eva Rubio-Azpeitia
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Bilbao Spain
| | - Pablo Aldazabal
- Donostia University Hospital (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service) & BIODONOSTIA; San Sebastián Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Martin
- Donostia University Hospital (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service) & BIODONOSTIA; San Sebastián Spain
| | - Jose-Ramon Sarasua
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science & POLYMAT; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), School of Engineering; Alameda de Urquijo s/n 480130 Bilbao Spain
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12445
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Tsai Y, Cutts J, Kimura A, Varun D, Brafman DA. A chemically defined substrate for the expansion and neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:75-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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12446
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Ma J, Gao J, Hou B, Liu J, Chen S, Yan G, Ren H. Neural stem cell transplantation promotes behavioral recovery in a photothrombosis stroke model. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:7838-7848. [PMID: 26339348 PMCID: PMC4555676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy provides a promising approach for treat stroke. Neural stem cells isolated from mice hippocampus possessing the capacity of differentiate into neurons and astrocytes both in vitro and vivo. Here, we investigated the capability of neural stem cell transplantation in photothrombosis stroke model. Nissl staining revealed that the cortical infarct significantly decreased by 16.32% (Vehicle: 27.93le: an mm(3), n=6, NSC: 23.37le: ai mm(3), n=6, P<0.05) in the NSC group compared with the vehicle. More over transplantation of neural stem cells significantly (P<0.01) improved neurological performance compared with vehicle. These results indicate that transplantation of neural stem cell is an effective therapy in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junning Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Junwei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Boru Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jixing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Sihua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guizhong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Haijun Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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12447
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Dillenburg CS, Martins MAT, Almeida LO, Meurer L, Squarize CH, Martins MD, Castilho RM. Epigenetic Modifications and Accumulation of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Oral Lichen Planus Lesions Presenting Poor Response to Therapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e997. [PMID: 26222871 PMCID: PMC4554108 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to changes in cell characteristics that occur independently of modifications to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence. Alterations mediated by epigenetic mechanisms are important factors in cancer progression. Although an exciting prospect, the identification of early epigenetic markers associated with clinical outcome in premalignant and malignant disorders remains elusive. We examined alterations in chromatin acetylation in oral lichen planus (OLP) with distinct clinical behavior and compared the alterations to the levels of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We analyzed 42 OLP patients, who had different responses to therapy, for acetyl-histone H3 at lys9 (H3K9ac), which is associated with enhanced transcription and nuclear decondensation, and the presence of DSBs, as determined by accumulation of phosphorylated γH2AX foci. Patients with high levels of H3K9ac acetylation failed to respond to therapy or experienced disease recurrence shortly after therapy. Similar to H3K9ac, patients who responded poorly to therapy had increased accumulation of DNA DSB, indicating genomic instability. These findings suggest that histone modifications occur in OLP, and H3K9ac and γH2AX histones may serve as epigenetic markers for OLP recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Dillenburg
- From the Department of Oral Pathology (CSD, MDM), School of Dentistry; Department of Oral Medicine (MATM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA/UFRGS); Department of Pathology (LM), School of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA/UFRGS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; and Laboratory of Epithelial Biology (CSD, MATM, LOA, CHS, MDM, RMC), Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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12448
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Wang L, Tang C, Cao H, Li K, Pang X, Zhong L, Dang W, Tang H, Huang Y, Wei L, Su M, Chen T. Activation of IL-8 via PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway is involved in leptin-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1220-30. [PMID: 26121010 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1056409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Previous studies have revealed that leptin may be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial initiator of cancer progression to facilitate metastatic cascade, increase tumor recurrence, and ultimately cause poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of our present study was to investigate the effect of leptin on EMT of breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that leptin significantly increased the phosphorylation of STAT3, Akt, and ERK1/2, elevated the expression of IL-8, and induced breast cancer cells to undergo EMT. The effect of leptin on IL-8 could visibly abolished by the inhibitor of PI3K LY294002. In addition, leptin-induced EMT of breast cancer cells was blocked by anti-IL-8 antibodies. Examination of the expression of ObR, leptin, IL-8 and EMT-related biomarkers in patient specimens demonstrated that malignant breast carcinoma with lymph node metastases (LNM), which represents poor prognosis, expressed higher levels of ObR, leptin, IL-8 than other types of breast cancer, and displayed more obvious EMT transversion. In vivo xenograft experiment revealed that leptin signally promoted tumor growth and metastasis and increased the expressions of IL-8 and EMT-related biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that leptin-induced EMT in breast cancer cells requires IL-8 activation via the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
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Key Words
- AKT, Protein Kinase B
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- EMT
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- IFN, interferon
- IL-8
- IL-8, Interleukin 8
- JAK, Junas Kinase
- LNM, lymph node metastases
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B
- Ob-R, Ob receptor
- PI-3K, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
- PI3K/Akt
- STAT, signal transduction and activators of transcription
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TNF, tumor necorsis factor
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- breast cancer
- leptin
- mTOR, Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin
- qRT-PCR, quantify reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine ; Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine ; Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , China
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12449
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Najafzadeh N, Esmaeilzade B, Dastan Imcheh M. Hair follicle stem cells: In vitro and in vivo neural differentiation. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:866-872. [PMID: 26131317 PMCID: PMC4478633 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i5.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) normally give rise to keratinocytes, sebocytes, and transient amplifying progenitor cells. Along with the capacity to proliferate rapidly, HFSCs provide the basis for establishing a putative source of stem cells for cell therapy. HFSCs are multipotent stem cells originating from the bulge area. The importance of these cells arises from two important characteristics, distinguishing them from all other adult stem cells. First, they are accessible and proliferate for long periods. Second, they are multipotent, possessing the ability to differentiate into mesodermal and ectodermal cell types. In addition to a developmental capacity in vitro, HFSCs display an ability to form differentiated cells in vivo. During the last two decades, numerous studies have led to the development of an appropriate culture condition for producing various cell lineages from HFSCs. Therefore, these stem cells are considered as a novel source for cell therapy of a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders. This review presents the current status of human, rat, and mouse HFSCs from both the cellular and molecular biology and cell therapy perspectives. The first section of this review highlights the importance of HFSCs and in vitro differentiation, while the final section emphasizes the significance of cell differentiation in vivo.
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12450
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Young A, Kingsley K. Dental Pulp Stem Cell: A review of factors that influence the therapeutic potential of stem cell isolates. Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 2015. [DOI: 10.12989/bme.2015.2.2.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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