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Speak TH, Medeiros DJ, Blitz MA, Seakins PW. OH Kinetics with a Range of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds: N-Methylformamide, t-Butylamine, and N-Methyl-propane Diamine. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10439-10450. [PMID: 34818012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Emissions of amines and amides to the atmosphere are significant from both anthropogenic and natural sources, and amides can be formed as secondary pollutants. Relatively little kinetic data exist on overall rate coefficients with OH, the most important tropospheric oxidant, and even less on site-specific data which control the product distribution. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) can be used to estimate both quantities. Rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with t-butylamine (k1), N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine (k2), and N-methylformamide (k3) have been measured using laser flash photolysis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence. Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) has been used to ensure the reliable introduction of these low-vapor pressure N-containing compounds and to give qualitative information on products. Supporting ab initio calculations are presented for the t-butylamine system. The following rate coefficients have been determined: k1,298K= (1.66 ± 0.20) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, k(T)1 = 1.65 × 10-11 (T/300)-0.69 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, k2,293K = (7.09 ± 0.22) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, and k3,298K = (1.03 ± 0.23) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. For OH + t-butylamine, ab initio calculations predict that the fraction of N-H abstraction is 0.87. The dominance of this channel was qualitatively confirmed using end-product analysis. The reaction of OH with N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine also had a negative temperature dependence, but the reduction in the rate coefficient was complicated by reagent loss. The measured rate coefficient for reaction 3 is in good agreement with a recent relative rate study. The results of this work and the literature data are compared with the recent SAR estimates for the reaction of OH with reduced nitrogen compounds. Although the SARs reproduce the overall rate coefficients for reactions, site-specific agreement with this work and other literature studies is less strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Speak
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | | | - Mark A Blitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Paul W Seakins
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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Tan W, Zhu L, Mikoviny T, Nielsen CJ, Tang Y, Wisthaler A, Eichler P, Müller M, D'Anna B, Farren NJ, Hamilton JF, Pettersson JBC, Hallquist M, Antonsen S, Stenstrøm Y. Atmospheric Chemistry of 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol: A Theoretical and Experimental Study of the OH-Initiated Degradation under Simulated Atmospheric Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7502-7519. [PMID: 34424704 PMCID: PMC8419843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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The OH-initiated
degradation of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol [CH3C(NH2)(CH3)CH2OH, AMP] was
investigated in a large atmospheric simulation chamber, employing
time-resolved online high-resolution proton-transfer reaction-time-of-flight
mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and chemical analysis of aerosol online
PTR-ToF-MS (CHARON-PTR-ToF-MS) instrumentation, and by theoretical
calculations based on M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ quantum chemistry results
and master equation modeling of the pivotal reaction steps. The quantum
chemistry calculations reproduce the experimental rate coefficient
of the AMP + OH reaction, aligning k(T) = 5.2 × 10–12 × exp (505/T) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 to the experimental value kexp,300K =
2.8 × 10–11 cm3 molecule–1 s–1. The theoretical calculations predict that
the AMP + OH reaction proceeds via hydrogen abstraction from the −CH3 groups (5–10%), −CH2– group,
(>70%) and −NH2 group (5–20%), whereas
hydrogen
abstraction from the −OH group can be disregarded under atmospheric
conditions. A detailed mechanism for atmospheric AMP degradation was
obtained as part of the theoretical study. The photo-oxidation experiments
show 2-amino-2-methylpropanal [CH3C(NH2)(CH3)CHO] as the major gas-phase product and propan-2-imine [(CH3)2C=NH], 2-iminopropanol [(CH3)(CH2OH)C=NH], acetamide [CH3C(O)NH2], formaldehyde (CH2O), and nitramine 2-methyl-2-(nitroamino)-1-propanol
[AMPNO2, CH3C(CH3)(NHNO2)CH2OH] as minor primary products; there is no experimental
evidence of nitrosamine formation. The branching in the initial H
abstraction by OH radicals was derived in analyses of the temporal
gas-phase product profiles to be BCH3/BCH2/BNH2 = 6:70:24. Secondary photo-oxidation products
and products resulting from particle and surface processing of the
primary gas-phase products were also observed and quantified. All
the photo-oxidation experiments were accompanied by extensive particle
formation that was initiated by the reaction of AMP with nitric acid
and that mainly consisted of this salt. Minor amounts of the gas-phase
photo-oxidation products, including AMPNO2, were detected
in the particles by CHARON-PTR-ToF-MS and GC×GC-NCD. Volatility
measurements of laboratory-generated AMP nitrate nanoparticles gave
ΔvapH = 80 ± 16 kJ mol–1 and an estimated vapor pressure of (1.3 ± 0.3)
× 10–5 Pa at 298 K. The atmospheric chemistry
of AMP is evaluated and a validated chemistry model for implementation
in dispersion models is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomáš Mikoviny
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Claus J Nielsen
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yizhen Tang
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Eichler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara D'Anna
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Naomi J Farren
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jacqueline F Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simen Antonsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Tan W, Zhu L, Mikoviny T, Nielsen CJ, Wisthaler A, Eichler P, Müller M, D'Anna B, Farren NJ, Hamilton JF, Pettersson JBC, Hallquist M, Antonsen S, Stenstrøm Y. Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Reaction of tert-Butylamine with OH Radicals in the Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4470-4480. [PMID: 29659281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The OH-initiated atmospheric degradation of tert-butylamine (tBA), (CH3)3CNH2, was investigated in a detailed quantum chemistry study and in laboratory experiments at the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE) in Spain. The reaction was found to mainly proceed via hydrogen abstraction from the amino group, which in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO x), generates tert-butylnitramine, (CH3)3CNHNO2, and acetone as the main reaction products. Acetone is formed via the reaction of tert-butylnitrosamine, (CH3)3CNHNO, and/or its isomer tert-butylhydroxydiazene, (CH3)3CN═NOH, with OH radicals, which yield nitrous oxide (N2O) and the (CH3)3Ċ radical. The latter is converted to acetone and formaldehyde. Minor predicted and observed reaction products include formaldehyde, 2-methylpropene, acetamide and propan-2-imine. The reaction in the EUPHORE chamber was accompanied by strong particle formation which was induced by an acid-base reaction between photochemically formed nitric acid and the reagent amine. The tert-butylaminium nitrate salt was found to be of low volatility, with a vapor pressure of 5.1 × 10-6 Pa at 298 K. The rate of reaction between tert-butylamine and OH radicals was measured to be 8.4 (±1.7) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 305 ± 2 K and 1015 ± 1 hPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Tomáš Mikoviny
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Claus J Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway.,Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway.,Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Philipp Eichler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Barbara D'Anna
- IRCELYON, CNRS, University of Lyon , 69626 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Naomi J Farren
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of York , York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline F Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of York , York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Simen Antonsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås , Norway
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås , Norway
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Barnes I, Wiesen P, Gallus M. Rate Coefficients for the Reactions of OH Radicals with a Series of Alkyl-Substituted Amines. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8823-8829. [PMID: 27755865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rate coefficients have been determined at (298 ± 2) K and atmospheric pressure for the reaction of OH radicals with two primary monoalkyl-, one secondary dialkyl-, and five tertiary trialkyl-substituted amines in a large volume photoreactor by the relative kinetic technique. The following rate coefficients (in cm3 molecule-1 s-1 units) have been obtained: (1) 1,2-dimethylpropylamine, CH3C(CH3)HC(CH3)H)NH2, (5.08 ± 1.02) × 10-11; (2) tert-amylamine (tert-pentylamine), CH3CH2C(CH3)2NH2, (0.86 ± 0.17) × 10-11; (3) diethylamine, (CH3CH2)2NH, (7.36 ± 1.47) × 10-11; (4) N,N-dimethylethylamine, (CH3)2NCH2CH3, (7.37 ± 1.47) × 10-11; (5) N,N-dimethylpropylamine, (CH3)2NCH2CH2CH3, (10.97 ± 1.78) × 10-11; (6) N,N-dimethylisopropylamine, (CH3)2NCH(CH3)2, (9.79 ± 1.75) × 10-11; (7) N,N-diethylmethylamine, (CH3CH2)2NCH3, (8.92 ± 1.54) × 10-11; (8) triethylamine, (CH3CH2)3N, (10.86 ± 1.88) × 10-11. The quoted errors are the 2σ deviations from least-squares linear analysis of the kinetic data plus a contribution to take into account uncertainties associated with the reference compounds. With the exception of diethylamine, this study represents the first determinations of the rate coefficients for reaction of the compounds with OH radicals. The results are compared with rate coefficients available in the literature for smaller alkyl-substituted amines and also the values predicted for the compounds investigated by using a structure activity relationship (SAR). With the exception of tert-amylamine, the SAR-predicted OH rate coefficients are in good agreement with the experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Barnes
- Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Physikalische & Theoretische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gauss Strasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Peter Wiesen
- Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Physikalische & Theoretische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gauss Strasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Gallus
- Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Physikalische & Theoretische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gauss Strasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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Borduas N, Abbatt JPD, Murphy JG, So S, da Silva G. Gas-Phase Mechanisms of the Reactions of Reduced Organic Nitrogen Compounds with OH Radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11723-11734. [PMID: 27690404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on the fate of reduced organic nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere has gained momentum since the identification of their crucial role in particle nucleation and the scale up of carbon capture and storage technology which employs amine-based solvents. Reduced organic nitrogen compounds have strikingly different lifetimes against OH radicals, from hours for amines to days for amides to years for isocyanates, highlighting unique functional group reactivity. In this work, we use ab initio methods to investigate the gas-phase mechanisms governing the reactions of amines, amides, isocyanates and carbamates with OH radicals. We determine that N-H abstraction is only a viable mechanistic pathway for amines and we identify a reactive pathway in amides, the formyl C-H abstraction, not currently considered in structure-activity relationship (SAR) models. We then use our acquired mechanistic knowledge and tabulated literature experimental rate coefficients to calculate SAR factors for reduced organic nitrogen compounds. These proposed SAR factors are an improvement over existing SAR models because they predict the experimental rate coefficients of amines, amides, isocyanates, isothiocyanates, carbamates and thiocarbamates with OH radicals within a factor of 2, but more importantly because they are based on a sound fundamental mechanistic understanding of their reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Borduas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jennifer G Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sui So
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010, Australia
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Mishra BK, Chakrabartty AK, Deka RC. Theoretical study on rate constants for the reactions of CF3CH2NH2 (TFEA) with the hydroxyl radical at 298 K and atmospheric pressure. J Mol Model 2013; 19:2189-95. [PMID: 23354476 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Alarcón P, Strekowski R, Zetzsch C. Reversible addition of the OH radical to p-cymene in the gas phase: kinetic analysis assuming formation of a single adduct. Part 1. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:20105-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nielsen CJ, Herrmann H, Weller C. Atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of the use of amines in carbon capture and storage (CCS). Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6684-704. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Palm WU, Millet M, Zetzsch C. OH radical reactivity of pesticides adsorbed on aerosol materials: first results of experiments with filter samples. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 1998; 41:36-43. [PMID: 9756687 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1998.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary results of a new method to investigate the OH radical reactivity of semi-volatile organic compounds (e.g., pesticides) are presented. Terbuthylazine, simazine, sodium benzoate, and bromoxynil were adsorbed on highly disperse silicon dioxide powder as an unreactive carrier at a thickness well below one monolayer. The coated material was suspended in air as an aerosol, sampled on filters, and exposed in an 840-liter Duran chamber to OH radicals, produced by photolysis of hydrogen peroxide in the gas phase. Sunlamps on top of the chamber were used as cold light sources [T(aerosol) approximately 25 degreesC]. OH radical concentrations (10(5)<cOH (cm-3)<3x10(6)) were monitored in the gas phase using a set of four hydrocarbons with well-known OH reactivities as reference compounds. The triazine terbuthylazine (kOH=1.1x10(-11) cm3 s-1) was used as a reference compound in the filter samples. Simazine and isoproturon were found to react with a comparable OH rate constant with respect to terbuthylazine. Sodium benzoate reacts about a factor of 3 slower. Rapid degradation was observed for bromoxynil, explained mainly by photolysis. Besides the characterization and discussion of the experimental setup used, the rate constants obtained are discussed and compared with estimated values.
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Affiliation(s)
- W U Palm
- Abteilung Atmosphärische Chemie, Fraunhofer Institut für Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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