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Jing S, Peng M, He Y, Hua Y, Li J, Li Y. A novel compound heterozygous variant of ECEL1 induced joint dysfunction and cartilage degradation: a case report and literature review. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1343025. [PMID: 38327621 PMCID: PMC10847538 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1343025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Distal arthrogryposis type 5D (DA5D) represents a subtype of distal arthrogryposis (DA) characterized by congenital joint contractures in the distal extremities. DA5D is inherited in a rare autosomal recessive manner and is associated with the ECEL1 gene. In this report, we describe a case of an infant with bilateral knee contractures and ptosis, caused by a novel compound heterozygous mutation of ECEL1. Case presentation We conducted DNA extraction, whole-exome sequencing analysis, and mutation analysis of ECEL1 to obtain genetic data on the patient. We subsequently analyzed the patient's clinical and genetic data. The proband was a 6 months-old male infant who presented with significant bilateral knee contracture disorders and bilateral ptosis. MRI demonstrated cartilage degradation in knee joint. Whole-exome sequencing of the patient's DNA revealed a compound heterozygous mutation of c.2152-15C>A and c.110_155del in ECEL1. Analysis with the MutationTaster application indicated that c.110_155del was pathogenic (probability = 1), causing frameshift mutations affecting 151 amino acids (p.F37Cfs*151). The truncated protein lost the substructure of a transmembranous site based on the predicted protein crystal structure AF-O95672-F1. The variant of c.2152-15C>A of ECEL1 was also predicted to be disease-causing (probability = 0.98) as it impaired the methylation of ECEL1 serving as an H3K27me3 modification site, which led to the dysfunction of the second topological domain. Therefore, we concluded that the compound heterozygous mutation caused the pathogenic phenotype of this proband. Conclusion The present case highlights the usefulness of molecular genetic screening in diagnosing unexpected joint disorder. Identification of novel mutations in the ECEL1 gene broadens the mutation spectrum of this gene and adds to the genotype-phenotype map of DA5D. Furthermore, rapid whole-exome sequencing analysis enabled timely diagnosis of this rare disease, facilitating appropriate treatment and scheduled follow-up to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Jing
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping He
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yimin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Cohen D, Sloma R, Pizem H, Fedida A, Kalfon L, Ovadia R, Segal Z, Kassif Y, Falik Zaccai T. Long term ophthalmic complications of distal arthrogryposis type 5D. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:28-34. [PMID: 36459431 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2141791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distal Arthrogryposis type 5D (DA5D) is a rare genetic disease, expressed phenotypically by skeletal and ocular abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two sisters, ages 42 and 46 years old, were ascertained, both diagnosed with arthrogryposis and unusual ophthalmic late expressions of the disease. They were examined and followed up by both ophthalmologists and medical geneticists. Molecular analysis was performed and population screening followed among healthy individuals of the same ethnic background who reside in the same village. RESULTS The two sisters expressed myogenic ptosis with poor levator palpebrae function, limitation in up gaze, lagophthalmos, refractive errors, corneal scarring and vascularization along with severe distal arthrogryposis. The newly reported features were: significant lower lid retraction, causing inferior scleral show. Sanger sequencing of the coding regions of ECEL1 gene revealed a homozygous deletion of 46 bps. The carrier frequency is 1:24 (4.2% carriers) in the probands' village. CONCLUSIONS We diagnosed two patients with DA5D carrying a homozygous pathogenic genetic variant previously reported only once. We report the late ophthalmologic manifestations of this rare disorder and emphasize the importance to recognize possible long-term ophthalmic complications. Measures are needed to diagnose this rare disorder at a younger age and to address ophthalmic and orthopedic complications that might be prevented. We revealed the causative genetic variant and a carrier frequency of 1:24 for DA5D, in the probands' village, thus enabling accurate genetic counselling and justifying genetic testing to the residents of this village as a diagnostic and preventive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cohen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Ronen Sloma
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Hadas Pizem
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayalla Fedida
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Limor Kalfon
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Relli Ovadia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Zvi Segal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Yanir Kassif
- Department of Ophthalmology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Tzippi Falik Zaccai
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan, Safed, Israel
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Huddar A, Polavarapu K, Preethish-Kumar V, Bardhan M, Unnikrishnan G, Nashi S, Vengalil S, Priyadarshini P, Kulanthaivelu K, Arunachal G, Lochmüller H, Nalini A. Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum of ECEL1-Associated Distal Arthrogryposis. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100909. [PMID: 34682174 PMCID: PMC8534696 DOI: 10.3390/children8100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Distal arthrogryposis type 5D (DA5D), a rare autosomal recessive disorder, is caused by mutations in ECEL1. We describe two consanguineous families (three patients) with novel ECEL1 gene mutations detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS). A 12-year-old boy (patient 1) presented with birth asphyxia, motor developmental delay, multiple joint contractures, pes planus, kyphoscoliosis, undescended testis, hypophonic speech with a nasal twang, asymmetric ptosis, facial weakness, absent abductor pollicis brevis, bifacial, and distal lower limb weakness. Muscle MRI revealed asymmetric fatty infiltration of tensor fascia lata, hamstring, lateral compartment of the leg, and gastrocnemius. In addition, 17-year-old monozygotic twins (patients 2 and 3) presented with motor development delay, white hairlock, hypertelorism, tented upper lip, bulbous nose, tongue furrowing, small low set ears, multiple contractures, pes cavus, prominent hyperextensibility at the knee, hypotonia of lower limbs, wasting and weakness of all limbs (distal > proximal), areflexia, and high steppage gait. One had perinatal insult, seizures, mild intellectual disability, unconjugated eye movements, and primary optic atrophy. In the twins, MRI revealed extensive fatty infiltration of the gluteus maximus, quadriceps, hamstrings, and anterior and posterior compartment of the leg. Electrophysiology showed prominent motor axonopathy. NGS revealed rare homozygous missense variants c.602T > C (p.Met201Thr) in patient 1 and c.83C > T (p.Ala28Val) in patients 2 and 3, both localized in exon 2 of ECEL1 gene. Our three cases expand the clinical, imaging, and molecular spectrum of the ECEL1-mutation-related DA5D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshata Huddar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India; (A.H.); (V.P.-K.); (M.B.); (G.U.); (S.N.); (S.V.)
| | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (K.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Veeramani Preethish-Kumar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India; (A.H.); (V.P.-K.); (M.B.); (G.U.); (S.N.); (S.V.)
| | - Mainak Bardhan
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India; (A.H.); (V.P.-K.); (M.B.); (G.U.); (S.N.); (S.V.)
| | - Gopikrishnan Unnikrishnan
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India; (A.H.); (V.P.-K.); (M.B.); (G.U.); (S.N.); (S.V.)
| | - Saraswati Nashi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India; (A.H.); (V.P.-K.); (M.B.); (G.U.); (S.N.); (S.V.)
| | - Seena Vengalil
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India; (A.H.); (V.P.-K.); (M.B.); (G.U.); (S.N.); (S.V.)
| | - Priyanka Priyadarshini
- Department of Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India; (P.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Karthik Kulanthaivelu
- Department of Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India; (P.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Gautham Arunachal
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India;
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (K.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India; (A.H.); (V.P.-K.); (M.B.); (G.U.); (S.N.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-80-26995139; Fax: +91-80-26564830
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Gowda M, Mohan S, Ramesh D, Chinta N. Distal arthrogryposis type 5D in a South Indian family caused by novel deletion in ECEL1 gene. Clin Dysmorphol 2021; 30:100-103. [PMID: 33491998 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is a heterogeneous group of disorders with congenital, nonprogressive contractures affecting the joints of distal extremities. About 13 distinct subtypes have been defined based on phenotypic features and the different genes known to be causative typically encode for sarcomeric proteins of the contractile apparatus. Although most subtypes are inherited in autosomal dominant manner, distal arthrogryposis type 5D (DA5D) is the only type inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder with a prevalence of <1/1 000 000. We are reporting the phenotype of three members of a family affected by DA5D caused by a novel deletion in the ECEL1 gene. All of them exhibited the distal arthogryposis involving hands and feet, scoliosis, unilateral drooping shoulder, ptosis, central furrow over tip of the tongue and typical facial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Gowda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantri nagar, Gorimedu, Pondicherry, India
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A New Intronic Variant in ECEL1 in Two Patients with Distal Arthrogryposis Type 5D. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042106. [PMID: 33672664 PMCID: PMC7924324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal Arthrogryposis type 5D (DA5D) is characterized by congenital contractures involving the distal joints, short stature, scoliosis, ptosis, astigmatism, and dysmorphic features. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and it is a result of homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in the ECEL1 gene. Here, we report two patients of Sardinian origin harboring a new intronic homozygous variant in ECEL1 (c.1507-9G>A), which was predicted to affect mRNA splicing by activating a cryptic acceptor site. The frequency of the variant is very low in the general human population, and its presence in our families can be attributed to a founder effect. This study provides an updated review of the known causative mutations of the ECEL1 gene, enriching the allelic spectrum to include the noncoding sequence.
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New Insights of a Neuronal Peptidase DINE/ECEL1: Nerve Development, Nerve Regeneration and Neurogenic Pathogenesis. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:1279-1288. [PMID: 30357652 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the physiological relevance of unique Damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE) [also termed Endothelin-converting enzyme-like 1 (ECEL1)] has recently expanded. DINE/ECEL1 is a type II membrane-bound metalloprotease, belonging to a family including the neprilysin (NEP) and endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). The family members degrade and/or process peptides such as amyloid β and big-endothelins, which are closely associated with pathological conditions. Similar to NEP and ECE, DINE has been expected to play an important role in injured neurons as well as in developing neurons, because of its remarkable transcriptional response to neuronal insults and predominant neuronal expression from the embryonic stage. However, the physiological significance of DINE has long remained elusive. In the last decade, a series of genetically manipulated mice have driven research progress to elucidate the physiological aspects of DINE. The mice ablating Dine fail to arborize the embryonic motor axons in some subsets of muscles, including the respiratory muscles, and die immediately after birth. The abnormal phenotype of motor axons is also caused by one amino acid exchanges of DINE/ECEL1, which are responsible for distal arthrogryposis type 5 in a group of human congenital movement disorders. Furthermore, the mature Dine-deficient mice in which the lethality is rescued by genetic manipulation have shown the involvement of DINE in central nervous system regeneration. Here we describe recent research advances that DINE-mediated proteolytic processes are critical for nerve development, regeneration and pathogenesis, and discuss the future potential for DINE as a therapeutic target for axonal degeneration/disorder.
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7
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Extending the phenotype and an ECEL1 gene mutation in distal arthrogryposis type 5D. Clin Dysmorphol 2018; 27:130-134. [DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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ECEL1 gene related contractural syndrome: Long-term follow-up and update on clinical and pathological aspects. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:741-749. [PMID: 30131190 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive mutations in the ECEL1 gene have recently been associated with a wide phenotypic spectrum including severe congenital contractural syndromes and distal arthrogryposis type 5D (DA5D). Here, we describe four novel families with ECEL1 gene mutations, reporting 15 years of follow-up for four patients and detailed muscle pathological description for three individuals. In particular, we observed mild myopathic features, prominent core-like areas in one individual, and presence of nCAM positive fibres in three patients from 2 unrelated families suggesting a possible problem with innervation. Our findings expand current knowledge concerning the phenotypic and pathological spectrum associated with ECEL1 gene mutations and may suggest novel insights regarding the underlying pathomechanism of the disease.
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Stattin EL, Johansson J, Gudmundsson S, Ameur A, Lundberg S, Bondeson ML, Wilbe M. A novel ECEL1 mutation expands the phenotype of distal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita type 5D to include pretibial vertical skin creases. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1405-1410. [PMID: 29663639 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by multiple joint contractures often in association with other congenital abnormalities. Pretibial linear vertical creases are a rare finding associated with arthrogryposis, and the etiology of the specific condition is unknown. We aimed to genetically and clinically characterize a boy from a consanguineous family, presenting with AMC and pretibial vertical linear creases on the shins. Whole exome sequencing and variant analysis revealed homozygous novel missense variants of ECEL1 (c.1163T > C, p.Leu388Pro, NM_004826) and MUSK (c.2572C > T, p.Arg858Cys, NM_005592). Both variants are predicted to have deleterious effects on the protein function, with amino acid positions highly conserved among species. The variants segregated in the family, with healthy mother, father, and sister being heterozygous carriers and the index patient being homozygous for both mutations. We report on a unique patient with a novel ECEL1 homozygous mutation, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of Distal AMC Type 5D to include vertical linear skin creases. The homozygous mutation in MUSK is of unknown clinical significance. MUSK mutations have previously shown to cause congenital myasthenic syndrome, a neuromuscular disorder with defects in the neuromuscular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Lena Stattin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josefin Johansson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanna Gudmundsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Staffan Lundberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Nagata K, Takahashi M, Kiryu-Seo S, Kiyama H, Saido TC. Distinct functional consequences of ECEL1/DINE missense mutations in the pathogenesis of congenital contracture disorders. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:83. [PMID: 29132416 PMCID: PMC5683451 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-converting enzyme-like 1 (ECEL1, also termed DINE in rodents), a membrane-bound metalloprotease, has been identified as a gene responsible for distal arthrogryposis (DA). ECEL1-mutated DA is generally characterized by ocular phenotypes in addition to the congenital limb contractures that are common to all DA subtypes. Until now, the consequences of the identified pathogenic mutations have remained incompletely understood because of a lack of detailed phenotypic analyses in relevant mouse models. In this study, we generated a new knock-in mouse strain that carries an ECEL1/DINE pathogenic G607S missense mutation, based on a previous study reporting atypical DA hindlimb phenotypes in two siblings with the mutation. We compared the morphological phenotypes of G607S knock-in mice with C760R knock-in mice that we previously established. Both C760R and G607S knock-in mouse embryos showed similar axonal arborization defects with normal trajectory patterns from the spinal cord to the target hindlimb muscles, as well as axon guidance defects of the abducens nerves. Intriguingly, distinct phenotypes in DINE protein localization and mRNA expression were identified in these knock-in mouse lines. For G607S, DINE mRNA and protein expression was decreased or almost absent in motor neurons. In the C760R mutant mice DINE was expressed and localized in the somata of motor neurons but not in axons. Our mutant mouse data suggest that ECEL1/DINE G607S and C760R mutations both lead to motor innervation defects as primary causes in ECEL1-mutated congenital contracture disorders. However, the functional consequences of the two mutations are distinct, with loss of axonal transport of ECEL1/DINE in C760R mutants and mRNA expression deficits in G607S mutants.
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11
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Banchereau R, Cepika AM, Banchereau J, Pascual V. Understanding Human Autoimmunity and Autoinflammation Through Transcriptomics. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:337-370. [PMID: 28142321 PMCID: PMC5937945 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomics, the high-throughput characterization of RNAs, has been instrumental in defining pathogenic signatures in human autoimmunity and autoinflammation. It enabled the identification of new therapeutic targets in IFN-, IL-1- and IL-17-mediated diseases. Applied to immunomonitoring, transcriptomics is starting to unravel diagnostic and prognostic signatures that stratify patients, track molecular changes associated with disease activity, define personalized treatment strategies, and generally inform clinical practice. Herein, we review the use of transcriptomics to define mechanistic, diagnostic, and predictive signatures in human autoimmunity and autoinflammation. We discuss some of the analytical approaches applied to extract biological knowledge from high-dimensional data sets. Finally, we touch upon emerging applications of transcriptomics to study eQTLs, B and T cell repertoire diversity, and isoform usage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacques Banchereau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030;
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas 75204; , ,
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Nagata K, Kiryu-Seo S, Tamada H, Okuyama-Uchimura F, Kiyama H, Saido TC. ECEL1 mutation implicates impaired axonal arborization of motor nerves in the pathogenesis of distal arthrogryposis. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:111-26. [PMID: 26951213 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-bound metalloprotease endothelin-converting enzyme-like 1 (ECEL1) has been newly identified as a causal gene of a specific type of distal arthrogryposis (DA). In contrast to most causal genes of DA, ECEL1 is predominantly expressed in neuronal cells, suggesting a unique neurogenic pathogenesis in a subset of DA patients with ECEL1 mutation. The present study analyzed developmental motor innervation and neuromuscular junction formation in limbs of the rodent homologue damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE)-deficient mouse. Whole-mount immunostaining was performed in DINE-deficient limbs expressing motoneuron-specific GFP to visualize motor innervation throughout the limb. Although DINE-deficient motor nerves displayed normal trajectory patterns from the spinal cord to skeletal muscles, they indicated impaired axonal arborization in skeletal muscles in the forelimbs and hindlimbs. Systematic examination of motor innervation in over 10 different hindlimb muscles provided evidence that DINE gene disruption leads to insufficient arborization of motor nerves after arriving at the skeletal muscle. Interestingly, the axonal arborization defect in foot muscles appeared more severe than in other hindlimb muscles, which was partially consistent with the proximal-distal phenotypic discordance observed in DA patients. Additionally, the number of innervated neuromuscular junction was significantly reduced in the severely affected DINE-deficient muscle. Furthermore, we generated a DINE knock-in (KI) mouse model with a pathogenic mutation, which was recently identified in DA patients. Axonal arborization defects were clearly detected in motor nerves of the DINE KI limb, which was identical to the DINE-deficient limb. Given that the encoded sequences, as well as ECEL1 and DINE expression profiles, are highly conserved between mouse and human, abnormal arborization of motor axons and subsequent failure of NMJ formation could be a primary cause of DA with ECEL1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagata
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Sumiko Kiryu-Seo
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tamada
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumi Okuyama-Uchimura
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyama
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Todd EJ, Yau KS, Ong R, Slee J, McGillivray G, Barnett CP, Haliloglu G, Talim B, Akcoren Z, Kariminejad A, Cairns A, Clarke NF, Freckmann ML, Romero NB, Williams D, Sewry CA, Colley A, Ryan MM, Kiraly-Borri C, Sivadorai P, Allcock RJN, Beeson D, Maxwell S, Davis MR, Laing NG, Ravenscroft G. Next generation sequencing in a large cohort of patients presenting with neuromuscular disease before or at birth. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:148. [PMID: 26578207 PMCID: PMC4650299 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal akinesia/hypokinesia, arthrogryposis and severe congenital myopathies are heterogeneous conditions usually presenting before or at birth. Although numerous causative genes have been identified for each of these disease groups, in many cases a specific genetic diagnosis remains elusive. Due to the emergence of next generation sequencing, virtually the entire coding region of an individual's DNA can now be analysed through "whole" exome sequencing, enabling almost all known and novel disease genes to be investigated for disorders such as these. METHODS Genomic DNA samples from 45 patients with fetal akinesia/hypokinesia, arthrogryposis or severe congenital myopathies from 38 unrelated families were subjected to next generation sequencing. Clinical features and diagnoses for each patient were supplied by referring clinicians. Genomic DNA was used for either whole exome sequencing or a custom-designed neuromuscular sub-exomic supercapture array containing 277 genes responsible for various neuromuscular diseases. Candidate disease-causing variants were investigated and confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Some of the cases within this cohort study have been published previously as separate studies. RESULTS A conclusive genetic diagnosis was achieved for 18 of the 38 families. Within this cohort, mutations were found in eight previously known neuromuscular disease genes (CHRND, CHNRG, ECEL1, GBE1, MTM1, MYH3, NEB and RYR1) and four novel neuromuscular disease genes were identified and have been published as separate reports (GPR126, KLHL40, KLHL41 and SPEG). In addition, novel mutations were identified in CHRND, KLHL40, NEB and RYR1. Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and de novo modes of inheritance were observed. CONCLUSIONS By using next generation sequencing on a cohort of 38 unrelated families with fetal akinesia/hypokinesia, arthrogryposis, or severe congenital myopathy we therefore obtained a genetic diagnosis for 47% of families. This study highlights the power and capacity of next generation sequencing (i) to determine the aetiology of genetically heterogeneous neuromuscular diseases, (ii) to identify novel disease genes in small pedigrees or isolated cases and (iii) to refine the interplay between genetic diagnosis and clinical evaluation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Todd
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
| | - Kyle S Yau
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
| | - Royston Ong
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
| | - Jennie Slee
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, 6000, , WA, Australia.
| | - George McGillivray
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, 3052, , VIC, Australia.
| | - Christopher P Barnett
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, South Australia Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, 5006, , SA, Australia.
| | - Goknur Haliloglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| | - Beril Talim
- Pediatric Pathology Unit, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| | - Zuhal Akcoren
- Pediatric Pathology Unit, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| | - Ariana Kariminejad
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Centre, Tehran, 14656, Iran.
| | - Anita Cairns
- Royal Children's Hospital, Herston Road, Herson, 4029, , QLD, Australia.
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, 2145, , NSW, Australia. .,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, , NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Norma B Romero
- Unitè de Morphologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Institut National de la Santè et de la Recherche Mèdicale, Paris, 75651, France.
| | - Denise Williams
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK. .,Wolfson Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK.
| | - Caroline A Sewry
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK. .,Wolfson Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK.
| | - Alison Colley
- Department of Clinical Genetics, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, 1871, , NSW, Australia.
| | - Monique M Ryan
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, 3000, , VIC, Australia.
| | - Cathy Kiraly-Borri
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Subiaco, 6008, , WA, Australia.
| | - Padma Sivadorai
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Pathwest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
| | - Richard J N Allcock
- Lotterywest State Biomedical Facility Genomics and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6000, , WA, Australia.
| | - David Beeson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Susan Maxwell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Mark R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Pathwest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia. .,Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Pathwest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
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Dohrn N, Le VQ, Petersen A, Skovbo P, Pedersen IS, Ernst A, Krarup H, Petersen MB. ECEL1 mutation causes fetal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:731-43. [PMID: 25708584 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a descriptor for the clinical finding of congenital fixation of multiple joints. We present a consanguineous healthy couple with two pregnancies described with AMC due to characteristic findings on ultrasonography of fixated knee extension and reduced fetal movement at the gestational age of 13 weeks + 2 days and 12 weeks + 4 days. Both pregnancies were terminated and postmortem examinations were performed. The postmortem examinations confirmed AMC and suggested a diagnosis of centronuclear myopathy (CNM) due to characteristic histological findings in muscle biopsies. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on all four individuals and the outcome was filtered by application of multiple filtration parameters satisfying a recessive inheritance pattern. Only one gene, ECEL1, was predicted damaging and had previously been associated with neuromuscular disease or AMC. The variant found ECEL1 is a missense mutation in a highly conserved residue and was predicted pathogenic by prediction software. The finding expands the molecular basis of congenital contractures and the phenotypic spectrum of ECEL1 mutations. The histological pattern suggestive of CNM in the fetuses can expand the spectrum of genes causing CNM, as we propose that mutations in ECEL1 can cause CNM or a condition similar to this. Further investigation of this is needed and we advocate that future patients with similar clinical presentation or proven ECEL1 mutations are examined with muscle biopsy. Secondly, this study illustrates the great potential of the clinical application of WES in couples with recurrent abortions or stillborn neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dohrn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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