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Wang Y, Zhang J, Xu Q, Tu W, Wang L, Xie Y, Sun JZ, Huang F, Zhang H, Tang BZ. Narrowband clusteroluminescence with 100% quantum yield enabled by through-space conjugation of asymmetric conformation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6426. [PMID: 39080355 PMCID: PMC11289101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Different from traditional organic luminescent materials based on covalent delocalization, clusteroluminescence from nonconjugated luminogens relies on noncovalent through-space conjugation of electrons. However, such spatial electron delocalization is usually weak, resulting in low luminescent efficiency and board emission peak due to multiple vibrational energy levels. Herein, several nonconjugated luminogens are constructed by employing biphenyl as the building unit to reveal the structure-property relationship and solve current challenges. The intramolecular through-space conjugation can be gradually strengthened by introducing building units and stabilized by rigid molecular skeleton and multiple intermolecular interactions. Surprisingly, narrowband clusteroluminescence with full width at half-maximum of 40 nm and 100% efficiency is successfully achieved via an asymmetric conformation, exhibiting comparable performance to the traditional conjugated luminogens. This work realizes highly efficient and narrowband clusteroluminescence from nonconjugated luminogens and highlights the essential role of structural conformation in manipulating the photophysical properties of unconventional luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Weihao Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China.
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-SZ), Guangzhou, 518172, China.
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2
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Jiang N, Zhu CY, Li KX, Xu YH, Bryce MR. Recent Progress in Nonconventional Luminescent Macromolecules and their Applications. Macromolecules 2024; 57:5561-5577. [PMID: 38948183 PMCID: PMC11210344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Traditional π-conjugated luminescent macromolecules typically suffer from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and high cytotoxicity, and they require complex synthetic processes. In contrast, nonconventional luminescent macromolecules (NCLMs) with nonconjugated structures possess excellent biocompatibility, ease of preparation, unique luminescence behavior, and emerging applications in optoelectronics, biology, and medicine. NCLMs are currently believed to produce inherent luminescence due to through-space conjugation of overlapping electron orbitals in solid/aggregate states. However, as experimental facts continue to exceed expectations or even overturn some previous assumptions, there is still controversy about the detailed luminous mechanism of NCLMs, and extensive studies are needed to further explore the mechanism. This Perspective highlights recent progress in NCLMs and classifies and summarizes these advances from the viewpoint of molecular design, mechanism exploration, applications, and challenges and prospects. The aim is to provide guidance and inspiration for the huge fundamental and practical potential of NCLMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal
University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Chang-Yi Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal
University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Ke-Xin Li
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal
University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Yan-Hong Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal
University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
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3
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Zhang Z, Xiong Z, Zhang J, Chu B, Liu X, Tu W, Wang L, Sun JZ, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang X, Tang BZ. Near-Infrared Emission Beyond 900 nm from Stable Radicals in Nonconjugated Poly(diphenylmethane). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403827. [PMID: 38589299 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Organic radicals with narrow energy gaps are highly sought-after for the production of near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores. However, the current repertoire of developed organic radicals is notably limited, facing challenges related to stability and low fluorescence efficiency. This study addresses these limitations by achieving stable radicals in nonconjugated poly(diphenylmethane) (PDPM). Notably, PDPM exhibits a well-balanced structural flexibility and rigidity, resulting in a robust intra-/inter-chain through-space conjugation (TSC). The stable radicals within PDPM, coupled with strong TSC, yield a remarkable full-spectrum emission spanning from blue to NIR beyond 900 nm. This extensive tunability is achieved through careful adjustments of concentration and excitation wavelength. The findings highlight the efficacy of polymerization in stabilizing radicals and introduce a novel approach for developing nonconjugated NIR emitters based on triphenylmethane subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Zuping Xiong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Bo Chu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Weihao Tu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Chengjian Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
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4
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Chu B, Liu X, Li X, Zhang Z, Sun JZ, Yang Q, Liu B, Zhang H, Zhang C, Zhang XH. Phosphine-Capped Effects Enable Full-Color Clusteroluminescence in Nonconjugated Polyesters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10889-10898. [PMID: 38584517 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Full-color luminophores have advanced applications in materials and engineering, but constructing color-tunable clusteroluminescence (CL) from nonconjugated polymers based on through-space interactions remains a huge challenge. Herein, we develop phosphine-capped nonconjugated polyesters exhibiting blue-to-red CL (400-700 nm) based on phosphine-initiated copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides, especially P1-0.5TPP, which exhibits red CL (610 nm) with a high quantum yield of 32%. Experiments and theoretical calculations disclose that the phosphine-capped effect in polyesters brings about conformational changes and induces phosphine-ester clusters by through-space (n,π*) interactions. Moreover, CL colors and efficiencies can be easily tailored by types of phosphines, compositions and structures of polyesters, and concentration. Significantly, the role of polymer motions (group, segmental, and chain motions) on CL originating from microregions inside polyesters is revealed. Further, phosphine-capped nonconjugated polyesters are demonstrated to be nonconjugated dyes and fluorescent fibers and are also used for multicolor light-emitting diodes including white light. This work not only provides an engineering strategy based on the end-group effect to prepare full-color clusteroluminogens but also broadens the prospects for material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ziteng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Chengjian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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5
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Zhao Y, Xu L, Feng Z, Yin S, Feng W, Yan H. Regulation of Photophysical Behaviors in Hyperbranched Aggregation-Induced Emission Polymers for Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2635-2644. [PMID: 38478586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Developing nonconjugated materials with large Stokes shifts is highly desired. In this work, three kinds of hyperbranched aggregation-induced emission (AIE) polymers with tunable n/π electronic effects were synthesized. HBPSi-CBD contains alkenyl groups in the backbone and possesses a promoted n-π* transition and red-shifted emission wavelength with a large Stokes shift of 186 nm. Experiments and theoretical simulations confirmed that the planar π electrons in the backbone are responsible for the red-shifted emission due to the strong through-space n···π interactions and restricted backbone motions. Additionally, the designed HBPSi-CBD could be utilized as an ROS scavenger after coupling with l-methionine. The HBPSi-Met exhibits remarkable ROS scavenging properties with a scavenging capacity of 77%. This work not only gains further insight into the structure-property relationship of nonconjugated hyperbranched AIE polymers but also provides a promising ROS-scavenging biomaterial for the treatment of ROS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Zhixuan Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Sha Yin
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Weixu Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, Xi'an 710129, China
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6
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Wang L, Xiong Z, Zhi Sun J, Huang F, Zhang H, Zhong Tang B. How the Length of Through-Space Conjugation Influences the Clusteroluminescence of Oligo(Phenylene Methylene)s. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318245. [PMID: 38165147 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The length and mode of conjugation directly affect the molecular electronic structure, which has been extensively studied in through-bond conjugation (TBC) systems. Corresponding research greatly promotes the development of TBC-based luminophores. However, how the length and mode of through-space conjugation (TSC), one kind of weak interaction, influence the photophysical properties of non-conjugated luminophores remains a relatively unexplored field. Here, we unveil a non-linear relationship between TSC length and emission characteristics in non-conjugated systems, in contrast to the reported proportional correlation in TBC systems. More specifically, oligo(phenylene methylene)s (OPM[4]-OPM[7]) exhibit stronger TSC and prominent blue clusteroluminescence (CL) (≈440 nm) compared to shorter counterparts (OPM[2] and OPM[3]). OPM[6] demonstrates the highest solid-state quantum yield (40 %), emphasizing the importance of balancing flexibility and rigidity. Further theoretical calculations confirmed that CL of these oligo(phenylene methylene)s was determined by stable TSC derived from the inner rigid Diphenylmethane (DPM) segments within the oligomers instead of the outer ones. This discovery challenges previous assumptions and adds a new dimension to the understanding of TSC-based luminophores in non-conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Zuping Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, China
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7
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Sun XL, Xue H, Gu XY, Li DS, Xiao H, Wan WM. Clickable Polymerization-Induced Emission Luminogens Toward Color-Tunable Modification of Non-Traditional Intrinsic Luminescent Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400045. [PMID: 38365211 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Non-traditional intrinsic luminescent (NTIL) polymer is an emerging field, and its color-tunable modification is highly desirable but still rarely investigated. Here, a click chemistry approach for the color-tunable modifications of NTIL polymers by introducing clickable polymerization-induced emission luminogen (PIEgen), is demonstrated. Through Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry, a series of PIEgens is successful prepared, which is further polymerized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Interestingly, after clickable modification, these monomers are nonemissive in both solution and aggregation states; while, the corresponding polymers exhibit intriguing aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, confirming their PIEgen characteristics. By varying alkynyl substitutions, color-tunable NTIL polymers are achieved with emission wavelength varying from 448 to 498 nm, revealing a series of PIEgens and verifying the importance of modification of NTIL polymers. Further luminescence energy transfer application is carried out as well. This work therefore designs a series of clickable PIEgens and opens a new avenue for the modification of NTIL polymers via click chemistry, which may cause inspirations to the research fields including luminescent polymer, NTIL, click chemistry, AIE and modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Sun
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xue
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Yao Gu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P. R. China
| | - De-Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ming Wan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
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8
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Chen X, Hu C, Wang Y, Li T, Jiang J, Huang J, Wang S, Dong W, Qiao J. A Self-Assemble Supramolecular Film with Humidity Visualization Enabled by Clusteroluminescence. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304946. [PMID: 37946704 PMCID: PMC10767432 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Clusteroluminescence (CL) has recently gained significant attention due to its unique through-space interactions associated with a high dependence on the aggregation of subgroups. These distinct features could easily transform the stimuli into visual fluorescence and monitor the fluctuation of the environment but have not received sufficient attention before. In this work, supramolecular films are designed based on the neutralization reaction of anhydride groups and the self-assembly of dynamic covalent disulfide bonds in NaOH aqueous solution. The self-assembly of hydrophilic carboxylate chromophores and hydrophobic disulfide-containing five-membered rings could be observed by the variation of the aggregation state of carboxylate in CL. Furthermore, the dynamic cross-linking films obtained with water-sensitive carboxylate chromophores could alter the aggregation distance stimulated by surrounding water vapor, causing the emission wavelength to change from 534 to 508 nm by varying the relative humidity. This work not only provides an approach to monitor the self-assembly of clusteroluminogens but also offers new strategies for designing stimuli-responsive materials that utilize the intrinsic features of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxi214122China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- SINOPECBeijing Research Institute of Chemical IndustryBeijing100013China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxi214122China
| | - Ting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxi214122China
| | - Jie Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxi214122China
| | - Jing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxi214122China
| | - Shibo Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxi214122China
| | - Weifu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxi214122China
| | - Jinliang Qiao
- SINOPECBeijing Research Institute of Chemical IndustryBeijing100013China
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9
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Bao J, Tong C, He M, Zhang H. Luminescent polypeptides. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4594. [PMID: 37712500 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptides, as biomacromolecules, hold immense potential in various biological applications such as tissue engineering, immunomodulating agents, and target binding. Among these applications, the attention towards luminescent polypeptides has grown significantly, due to their ability to visualize biological processes effectively. In this perspective, we have compiled information on three distinct types of luminescent polypeptides: natural fluorescent proteins, luminophores-bioconjugated polypeptides, and synthesized polypeptides with clusteroluminescence. Last, we shed light on the significance and prospects of clusteroluminescent polypeptides, which are expected to emerge as crucial new-generation bioluminophores, offering high emission efficiency and tunable emission wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanye Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxuan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
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10
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Li B, Feng B, Wang J, Qin Y. Recent progress on polymerization-induced emission. LUMINESCENCE 2023. [PMID: 38013245 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The aggregate luminescence behaviors of polymeric luminescent materials have been attracting great attention. However, the importance of the polymerization process on luminescence, namely, polymerization-induced emission (PIE), has rarely been overviewed. In this review, recent advances in polymerization with PIE effects are summarized, including PIE with aromatic rings based on one-/two-/multi-component polymerizations, and PIE without aromatic rings according to disparate mechanisms of polymerizations. Typical examples are selected to elaborate the basic design principles, as well as the properties and potential applications of the luminous polymers. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives in this area are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Bingwen Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Yusheng Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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11
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Xiong Z, Zhang J, Sun JZ, Zhang H, Tang BZ. Excited-State Odd-Even Effect in Through-Space Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21104-21113. [PMID: 37715315 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The odd-even effect is a fantastic phenomenon in nature, which has been applied in diverse fields such as organic self-assembled monolayers and liquid crystals. Currently, the origin of each odd-even effect remains elusive, and all of the reported odd-even effects are related to the ground-state properties. Here, we discover an excited-state odd-even effect in the through-space interaction (TSI) of nonconjugated tetraphenylalkanes (TPAs). The TPAs with an even number of alkyl carbon atoms (C2-TPA, C4-TPA, and C6-TPA) show strong TSI, long-wavelength emission, and high QY. However, the odd ones (C1-TPA, C3-TPA, C5-TPA, and C7-TPA) are almost nonexistent with negligible QY. Systematically experimental and theoretical results reveal that the excited-state odd-even effect is synthetically determined by three factors: alkyl geometry, molecular movability, and intermolecular packing. Moreover, these flexible luminescent TPAs possess tremendous advantages in fluorescent information encryptions. This work extends the odd-even effect to photophysics, demonstrating its substantial importance and universality in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuping Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangzhou 518172, China
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