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Elbadawi M, Li H, Ghosh P, Alkahtani ME, Lu B, Basit AW, Gaisford S. Cold Laser Sintering of Medicines: Toward Carbon Neutral Pharmaceutical Printing. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:11155-11166. [PMID: 39091925 PMCID: PMC11289754 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an emerging three-dimensional (3D) printing technology that uses a laser to fuse powder particles together, which allows the fabrication of personalized solid dosage forms. It possesses great potential for commercial use. However, a major drawback of SLS is the need to heat the powder bed while printing; this leads to high energy consumption (and hence a large carbon footprint), which may hinder its translation to industry. In this study, the concept of cold laser sintering (CLS) is introduced. In CLS, the aim is to sinter particles without heating the powder bed, where the energy from the laser, alone, is sufficient to fuse adjacent particles. The study demonstrated that a laser power above 1.8 W was sufficient to sinter both KollicoatIR and Eudragit L100-55-based formulations at room temperature. The cold sintering printing process was found to reduce carbon emissions by 99% compared to a commercial SLS printer. The CLS printed formulations possessed characteristics comparable to those made with conventional SLS printing, including a porous microstructure, fast disintegration time, and molecular dispersion of the drug. It was also possible to achieve higher drug loadings than was possible with conventional SLS printing. Increasing the laser power from 1.8 to 3.0 W increased the flexural strength of the printed formulations from 0.6 to 1.6 MPa, concomitantly increasing the disintegration time from 5 to over 300 s. CLS appears to offer a new route to laser-sintered pharmaceuticals that minimizes impact on the environment and is fit for purpose in Industry 5.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Elbadawi
- School
of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4DQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Hanxiang Li
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Paromita Ghosh
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Manal E. Alkahtani
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince
Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bingyuan Lu
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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2
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Santana I, Felix M, Bengoechea C. Seaweed as Basis of Eco-Sustainable Plastic Materials: Focus on Alginate. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1662. [PMID: 38932012 PMCID: PMC11207399 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweed, a diverse and abundant marine resource, holds promise as a renewable feedstock for bioplastics due to its polysaccharide-rich composition. This review explores different methods for extracting and processing seaweed polysaccharides, focusing on the production of alginate plastic materials. Seaweed emerges as a promising solution, due to its abundance, minimal environmental impact, and diverse industrial applications, such as feed and food, plant and soil nutrition, nutraceutical hydrocolloids, personal care, and bioplastics. Various manufacturing techniques, such as solvent casting, injection moulding, and extrusion, are discussed for producing seaweed-based bioplastics. Alginate, obtained mainly from brown seaweed, is particularly known for its gel-forming properties and presents versatile applications in many sectors (food, pharmaceutical, agriculture). This review further examines the current state of the bioplastics market, highlighting the growing demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics. The integration of seaweed-derived bioplastics into mainstream markets presents opportunities for reducing plastic pollution and promoting sustainability in material production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Bengoechea
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Virgen de África, 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain; (I.S.); (M.F.)
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3
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Sundararaman S, Karthikeyan M, Aravind Kumar J, Deivasigamani P, Soosai MR, Ramaraja A, Sahana S, Thamer BM, El-Newehy MH, Rajasimman M, T R P. Facile synthesis of iron nanoparticles from Camellia Sinensis leaves catalysed for biodiesel synthesis from Azolla filiculoides. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12818. [PMID: 38834602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increase in research on biodiesel, an environmentally benign and renewable fuel alternative for traditional fossil fuels. Biodiesel might become more cost-effective and competitive with diesel if a solid heterogeneous catalyst is used in its production. One way to make biodiesel more affordable and competitive with diesel is to employ a solid heterogeneous catalyst in its manufacturing. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the researchers in this study proved their hypothesis that iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles were generated during the green synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles (FeNPs) from Camellia Sinensis leaves. The fabrication of spherical iron nanoparticles was successfully confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a heterogeneous catalyst, the synthesised catalyst has shown potential in facilitating the conversion of algae oil into biodiesel. With the optimal parameters (0.5 weight percent catalytic load, 1:6 oil-methanol ratio, 60 °C reaction temperature, and 1 h and 30 min reaction duration), a 93.33% yield was attained. This may be due to its acid-base property, chemical stability, stronger metal support interaction. Furthermore, the catalyst was employed for transesterification reactions five times after regeneration with n-hexane washing followed by calcination at 650 °C for 3 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Sundararaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - M Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - J Aravind Kumar
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Prabu Deivasigamani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Michael Rahul Soosai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - A Ramaraja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - S Sahana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Badr M Thamer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H El-Newehy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Rajasimman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, Chidambaram, India
| | - Praveenkumar T R
- Department of Civil Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India.
- Department of Construction Technology and Management, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
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4
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Choudhary G, Dhariwal J, Saha M, Trivedi S, Banjare MK, Kanaoujiya R, Behera K. Ionic liquids: environmentally sustainable materials for energy conversion and storage applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:10296-10316. [PMID: 36719584 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), often known as green designer solvents, have demonstrated immense application potential in numerous scientific and technological domains. ILs possess high boiling point and low volatility that make them suitable environmentally benign candidates for many potential applications. The more important aspect associated with ILs is that their physicochemical properties can be effectively changed for desired applications just by tuning the structure of the cationic and/or anionic part of ILs. Furthermore, these eco-friendly designer materials can function as electrolytes or solvents depending on the application. Owing to the distinctive properties such as low volatility, high thermal and electrochemical stability, and better ionic conductivity, ILs are nowadays immensely used in a variety of energy applications, particularly in the development of green and sustainable energy storage and conversion devices. Suitable ILs are designed for specific purposes to be used as electrolytes and/or solvents for fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors (SCs), and solar cells. Herein, we have highlighted the utilization of ILs as unique green designer materials in Li-batteries, fuel cells, SCs, and solar cells. This review will enlighten the promising prospects of these unique, environmentally sustainable materials for next-generation green energy conversion and storage devices. Ionic liquids have much to offer in the field of energy sciences regarding fixing some of the world's most serious issues. However, most of the discoveries discussed in this review article are still at the laboratory research scale for further development. This review article will inspire researchers and readers about how ILs can be effectively applied in energy sectors for various applications as mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Choudhary
- Department of Applied Chemistry (CBFS - ASAS), Amity University Gurugram, Manesar, Panchgaon, Haryana, 122413, Gurugram, India
| | - Jyoti Dhariwal
- Department of Applied Chemistry (CBFS - ASAS), Amity University Gurugram, Manesar, Panchgaon, Haryana, 122413, Gurugram, India
| | - Moumita Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, U.P., India
| | - Shruti Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, U.P., India
| | - Manoj K Banjare
- MATS School of Sciences, MATS University, Pagaria Complex, Pandri, Raipur (C.G.), 492 004, India
| | - Rahul Kanaoujiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211002, India
| | - Kamalakanta Behera
- Department of Applied Chemistry (CBFS - ASAS), Amity University Gurugram, Manesar, Panchgaon, Haryana, 122413, Gurugram, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211002, India.
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5
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Chawla H, Singh SK, Haritash AK. Reversing the damage: ecological restoration of polluted water bodies affected by pollutants due to anthropogenic activities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:127-143. [PMID: 38044406 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems provide a large number of cultural, regulating, and supporting services to humans and play a pivotal role in sustaining freshwater-dependent ecosystems. However, an increase in human population coupled with economic growth in the last few decades has severely affected their functioning and ecological health. This has led to an increase in concentrations of pollutants originating from anthropogenic activities such as heavy metals, plastics, semi-volatile organic compounds, and endocrine disruptors. These pollutants provoke deleterious impacts on aquatic biodiversity and affect the water quality and functioning. In this paper, we discuss the sources and impacts of such pollutants as well as restoration techniques for reducing their impact on aquatic ecosystems. Several physical and chemical ecological restoration techniques, such as dredging, sediment capping, water diversion, adsorption, aeration, and flushing, can be employed to improve the water quality of water bodies. Additionally, biological techniques such as phytoremediation, phycoremediation, the use of biomembranes, and the construction of ecological floating beds can be employed to increase the population of aquatic organisms and improve the overall ecological health of aquatic ecosystems. Restoration techniques can effectively reduce the concentrations of suspended solids and dissolved phosphorus and increase the levels of dissolved oxygen. The restoration techniques for improving the ecological health of water bodies should not be limited to simply improving the water quality but should also focus on improving the biological processes and ecosystem functioning since it is essential to mitigate the adverse effects of pollutants and restore the vital ecosystem services provided by water bodies for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Chawla
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Anil Kumar Haritash
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
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6
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Wang Y, Yang S, Liu J, Wang J, Xiao M, Liang Q, Ren X, Wang Y, Mou H, Sun H. Realization process of microalgal biorefinery: The optional approach toward carbon net-zero emission. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165546. [PMID: 37454852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emission has already become a dire threat to the human race and Earth's ecology. Microalgae are recommended to be engineered as CO2 fixers in biorefinery, which play crucial roles in responding climate change and accelerating the transition to a sustainable future. This review sorted through each segment of microalgal biorefinery to explore the potential for its practical implementation and commercialization, offering valuable insights into research trends and identifies challenges that needed to be addressed in the development process. Firstly, the known mechanisms of microalgal photosynthetic CO2 fixation and the approaches for strain improvement were summarized. The significance of process regulation for strengthening fixation efficiency and augmenting competitiveness was emphasized, with a specific focus on CO2 and light optimization strategies. Thereafter, the massive potential of microalgal refineries for various bioresource production was discussed in detail, and the integration with contaminant reclamation was mentioned for economic and ecological benefits. Subsequently, economic and environmental impacts of microalgal biorefinery were evaluated via life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) to lit up commercial feasibility. Finally, the current obstacles and future perspectives were discussed objectively to offer an impartial reference for future researchers and investors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mengshi Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qingping Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinmiao Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Marine Science research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Han Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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7
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Bayraktar M, Pamik M, Sokukcu M, Yuksel O. A SWOT-AHP analysis on biodiesel as an alternative future marine fuel. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 2023; 25:1-16. [PMID: 37359168 PMCID: PMC10015539 DOI: 10.1007/s10098-023-02501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Alternative fuels especially those produced in a green way are essential for meeting supplying the world's growing energy needs. Biodiesel is becoming more prominent to meet international maritime organization regulations, minimize reliance on fossil fuels, and lessen the rising harmful emissions in the maritime sector. Four different generations have been investigated in the production stage in which a wide range of fuel types have existed including biodiesel, bioethanol, and renewable diesel. To investigate all facets of biodiesel usage as a marine fuel, the SWOT-AHP method is utilized in this paper in which 16 maritime experts with an average of 10.5 years of experience participated. SWOT factors and sub-factors have been developed in light of the literature review focused on biomass and alternative fuels. The AHP method is utilized for data acquisition from specified factors and sub-factors according to their superiority to each other. The analysis demonstrates the main factors 'PW and sub-factors' IPW values, and CR values to calculate the local and global rank of factors. Results highlighted that "Opportunity" has the highest prominence among the main factors; however, "Threats" remain at the lowest level. Moreover, "Tax privilege on green and alternative fuels supported by the authorities" (O4) is the one with the highest weight compared to the other sub-factors. Noteworthy energy consumption will be fulfilled in the maritime industry in addition to the development of new-generation biodiesel and other alternative fuels. This paper will be a quite valuable resource for experts, academics, and industry stakeholders to lessen the ambiguity around biodiesel. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bayraktar
- Maritime Faculty, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Murat Pamik
- Maritime Faculty, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Onur Yuksel
- Maritime Faculty, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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8
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Karishma S, Saravanan A, Senthil Kumar P, Rangasamy G. Sustainable production of biohydrogen from algae biomass: Critical review on pretreatment methods, mechanism and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 366:128187. [PMID: 36309177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The production of chemicals and energy from sustainable biomass with an important objective decreasing carbon impressions has recently become one of the key areas of attention. Algae biomass have been recognized and researched as a potential renewable biomass of biohydrogen production attributed to their limited multiplying time, fast growing qualities and ability of lipid accumulation. This review additionally envelops various key perspectives such as composition and properties of algae biomass and pretreatment strategies such as physical, chemical and biological methods adopted for the algae biomass. This review is mainly focused on pretreatment strategies which have been developed to enhance biohydrogen production. The present review deals with methods and mechanism, enzymes involved and factors influencing on biohydrogen production which help to grasp various bottlenecks, challenges and constraints. Finally, the significant progressions and economical perspective on improving biohydrogen yield because of the expansion of co-substrates and the current trends are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karishma
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
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9
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Choudhary G, Dhariwal J, Saha M, Trivedi S, Banjare MK, Kanaoujiya R, Behera K. Ionic Liquids: Environmentally Sustainable Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2212222/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), known as green designer solvents, have shown tremendous application potential in various fields of science and technology. Their unusual and unique physicochemical properties have attracted researchers worldwide from interdisciplinary research areas. ILs possess high boiling point and low volatility, that makes them suitable environmentally benign candidates for many potential applications. The more important aspect associated with ILs is their physicochemical properties can be effectively changed for desired applications just by tuning the structure of the cationic and/or anionic part of ILs. Furthermore, these environmentally benign designer materials can be used as both electrolytes as well as solvents depending on the requirement. Owing to thedistinctive properties such as low volatility, high thermal and electrochemical stability, better ionic conductivity, ILs are nowadays immensely used in variety of energy applications, particularly in the development of green and sustainable energy storage and conversion devices. Suitable ILs are designed for specific purposesto be used as electrolytes and/or solvents for fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors(SCs) and solar cells. Herein, we have highlighted the utilization of ILs as unique green designer materials in Li-batteries, fuel cells,SCs and solar cells. This review will enlighten the promising prospects of these unique environmentally sustainable materials for next-generation green energy conversion and storage devices.
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10
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Thanigaivel S, Vickram S, Manikandan S, Deena SR, Subbaiya R, Karmegam N, Govarthanan M, Kim W. Sustainability and carbon neutralization trends in microalgae bioenergy production from wastewater treatment: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128057. [PMID: 36195218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reducing CO2 emissions using biomass is gaining popularity as an environmentally friendly strategy. Due to high growth rates, low production costs, and ability to withstand harsh conditions, microalgae have become quite popular. Microalgae may also undertake photosynthesis, converting CO2 and solar energy into sugar before becoming biomass, making them an excellent source of renewable and promising biofuels. CO2 sequestration and biofixation was utilized to compare the synthesis of biodiesel as a third-generation biofuel from various types of wastewater was also used as a source for the algal cultivation. This review article focuses on recent developments, research discoveries in the field of microalgal CO2 capture modification and the optimization of conversion efficiency. This review is intended to serve as a helpful and reference for the use of wastewater treatment with microalgae to collect CO2. The overarching objective of this study is to assist wastewater treatment systems in achieving carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Thanigaivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaram Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivasubramanian Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhana Raj Deena
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Ubando AT, Anderson S Ng E, Chen WH, Culaba AB, Kwon EE. Life cycle assessment of microalgal biorefinery: A state-of-the-art review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127615. [PMID: 35840032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biorefineries represent an opportunity to economically and environmentally justify the production of bioproducts. The generation of bioproducts within a biorefinery system must quantitatively demonstrate its viability in displacing traditional fossil-based refineries. To this end, several works have conducted life cycle analyses on microalgal biorefineries and have shown technological bottlenecks due to energy-intensive processes. This state-of-the-art review covers different studies that examined microalgal biorefineries through life cycle assessments and has identified strategic technologies for the sustainable production of microalgal biofuels through biorefineries. Different metrics were introduced to supplement life cycle assessment studies for the sustainable production of microalgal biofuel. Challenges in the comparison of various life cycle assessment studies were identified, and the future design choices for microalgal biorefineries were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle T Ubando
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Thermomechanical Laboratory, De La Salle University, Laguna Campus, LTI Spine Road, Laguna Blvd, Biñan, Laguna 4024, Philippines
| | - Earle Anderson S Ng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan.
| | - Alvin B Culaba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Unsustainable rice straw management causes environmental impacts; hence, utilisation of rice straw for bioenergy is a promising strategy for sustainable rice straw management. Although rice straw has a high potential for bioenergy generation, the whole production cycle and application may cause environmental damage that is not fully understood. Hence, environmental performance studies are required to determine the most effective rice straw utilisation options. A comprehensive approach, such as life-cycle assessment (LCA), can give comprehensive information on the possible environmental effects of rice straw utilisation for bioenergy. Therefore, this study briefly overviews the LCA of rice straw utilisation for bioenergy production. It is found that utilisation of rice straw for bioenergy could reduce global warming potential compared to energy production from fossil fuels. However, it is suggested that other impact categories in LCA be evaluated in the bioenergy production from rice straw research to determine the overall sustainability of the production.
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13
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Manipulation of fatty acid profile and nutritional quality of Chlorella vulgaris by supplementing with citrus peel fatty acid. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8151. [PMID: 35581315 PMCID: PMC9114136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae could be an excellent resource of functional and essential fatty acids. To achieve viable microalgal biomass production, mass cultivation of microalgae is required; however, the high cost of nutrients is the obstacle. An inexpensive and nutritious material is required to feed Chlorella vulgaris in the pharmaceutical and food sectors. Citrus peel waste with a valuable nutritional quality could be one of the promising and inexpensive candidates. In this study, the fatty acid extract from different citrus peels was used as the organic nutrient source for the cultivation of Chlorella. The proximate composition of bitter orange, sweet orange, grapefruit, and mandarin peels were determined, and their nutritional quality was evaluated. Total fatty acids from the citrus peel were prepared by acidic methanol hydrolysis and hexane extraction. Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to analyze the fatty acid composition and nutrient composition. Fatty acids from the citrus peels were added to the Chlorella culture medium to study their influences on biomass, lipid production, fatty acid profile, and nutritional quality of Chlorella. The most predominant citrus peel fatty acids were linoleic, palmitic, oleic, linolenic, and stearic acids. The citrus peels contain polyunsaturated, saturated, and monounsaturated fatty acids. The most unsaturated fatty acids were omega-6, omega-3, omega-9, and omega-7. The citrus peel had acceptable atherogenicity, thrombogenicity, omega-6/omega-3, peroxidizability, hypocholesterolemic, and nutritive value indices. The major fatty acids of Chlorella were palmitic, linoleic, oleic, alpha-linolenic, gamma-linolenic, 4,7,10,13-hexadecatetraenoic, palmitoleic, 7,10-hexadecadienoic, 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic, lauric and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acids. Chlorella contains polyunsaturated, saturated, and monounsaturated fatty acids. The most unsaturated fatty acids contain omega-6, omega-3, omega-9, and omega-7. Chlorella had acceptable atherogenicity, thrombogenicity, omega-6/omega-3, hypocholesterolemic, peroxidizability, and nutritive value indices. Supplementation of Chlorella with citrus peels fatty acid increases total biomass, lipid content, and nutritional quality of Chlorella. The present research shows that citrus peels have good nutritional quality and could be used for the inexpensive cultivation of Chlorella biomass with potential utility for food application.
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Wang S, Mukhambet Y, Esakkimuthu S, Abomohra AELF. Integrated microalgal biorefinery – Routes, energy, economic and environmental perspectives. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2022; 348:131245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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15
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Chew KW, Show PL. Adapting microalgae‐based strategies for sustainable green cities. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100586. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Malaysia Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria Sepang Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900 Malaysia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Jalan Broga Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan 43500 Malaysia
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Chia SR, Nomanbhay SBHM, Chew KW, Munawaroh HSH, Shamsuddin AH, Show PL. Algae as potential feedstock for various bioenergy production. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131944. [PMID: 34438210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Depletion of non-renewable feedstock and severe wastewater pollution due to human activities have created negative impact to living organisms. The potential solution is to implement wastewater treatment and bioelectricity production through algae-based microbial fuel cell. The algae biomass produced from microbial fuel cell could be further processed to generate biofuels through their unique compositions. The consumption of nutrients in wastewater through algae cultivation and biomass produced to be utilized for energy supply have showed the potential of algae to solve the issues faced nowadays. This review introduces the background of algae and mitigation of wastewater using algae as well as the bioenergy status in Malaysia. The mechanisms of nutrient assimilation such as nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, and heavy metals are included, followed by the application of algae in microbial fuel cell's chambers. Lastly, the status of algae for bioenergy production are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Reen Chia
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Saifuddin Bin Hj M Nomanbhay
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Study Program of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia
| | - Abd Halim Shamsuddin
- AAIBE Chair of Renewable Energy, Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Parsy A, Bidoire L, Saadouni M, Bahuaud M, Elan T, Périé F, Sambusiti C. Impact of seasonal variations on Nannochloropsis oculata phototrophic productivity in an outdoor pilot scale raceway. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Panchal SK, Brown L. Addressing the Insufficient Availability of EPA and DHA to Meet Current and Future Nutritional Demands. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082855. [PMID: 34445016 PMCID: PMC8398444 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Panchal
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia;
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-433-062-123
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Recent advances in the biodegradation of azo dyes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:137. [PMID: 34273009 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As dye demand continues to rapidly increase in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, paper, textile, and leather industries, an industrialization increase is occurring. Meanwhile, the degradation and removal of azo dyes have raised broad concern regarding the hazards posed by these dyes to the ecological environment and human health. Physicochemical treatments have been applied but are hindered by high energy and economic costs, high sludge production, and chemicals handling. Comparatively, the bioremediation technique is an eco-friendly, removal-efficient, and cost-competitive method to resolve the problem. This paper provides scientific and technical information about recent advances in the biodegradation of azo dyes. It expands the biodegradation efficiency, characteristics, and mechanisms of various microorganisms containing bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and microbial consortia, which have been reported to biodegrade azo dyes. In addition, information about physicochemical factors affecting dye biodegradation has been compiled. Furthermore, this paper also sketches the recent development and characteristics of advanced bioreactors.
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Yukesh Kannah R, Kavitha S, Parthiba Karthikeyan O, Rene ER, Kumar G, Rajesh Banu J. A review on anaerobic digestion of energy and cost effective microalgae pretreatment for biogas production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125055. [PMID: 33813179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae is considered as a renewable and sustainable biomass to produce bioenergy and other high-value products. Besides, the cultivation of microalgae does not need any fertile land and it provides opportunities for climate change mitigation by sequestering atmospheric carbon-dioxide (CO2), facilitating nutrient recovery from wastewater and regulating industrial pollutions/emissions. Algal biomass harvested from different technologies are unique in their physio-chemical properties that require critical understanding prior to value-addition or bioenergy recovery. In this review, we elaborate the importance of cell wall weakening followed by pretreatment as a key process step and strategy to reduce the energy cost of converting algal biomass into bioenergy. From the energy-calculations, it was measured that the cell wall weakening significantly improves the net-energy ratio from 0.68 to 1.02. This approach could be integrated with any pre-treatment options, while it reduces the time of pre-treatment and costs of energy/chemicals required for hydrolysis of algal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Chew KW, Chia SR, Chia WY, Cheah WY, Munawaroh HSH, Ong WJ. Abatement of hazardous materials and biomass waste via pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis for environmental sustainability and circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116836. [PMID: 33689952 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable journey of progression of mankind has created various impacts in the form of polluted environment, amassed heavy metals and depleting resources. This alarming situation demands sustainable energy resources and approaches to deal with these environmental hazards and power deficit. Pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis address both energy and environmental issues caused by civilization and industrialization. The processes use hazardous waste materials including waste tires, plastic and medical waste, and biomass waste such as livestock waste and agricultural waste as feedstock to produce gas, char and pyrolysis oil for energy production. Usage of hazardous materials as pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis feedstock reduces disposal of harmful substances into environment, reducing occurrence of soil and water pollution, and substituting the non-renewable feedstock, fossil fuels. As compared to combustion, pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis have less emission of air pollutants and act as alternative options to landfill disposal and incineration for hazardous materials and biomass waste. Hence, stabilizing heavy metals and solving the energy and waste management problems. This review discusses the pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of biomass and harmful wastes to strive towards circular economy and eco-friendly, cleaner energy with minimum waste disposal, reducing negative impact on the planet and creating future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Shir Reen Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Yi Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yan Cheah
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MAHSA University, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Chemistry Study Program, Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
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Guardini Z, Dall’Osto L, Barera S, Jaberi M, Cazzaniga S, Vitulo N, Bassi R. High Carotenoid Mutants of Chlorella vulgaris Show Enhanced Biomass Yield under High Irradiance. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050911. [PMID: 34062906 PMCID: PMC8147269 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae represent a carbon-neutral source of bulk biomass, for extraction of high-value compounds and production of renewable fuels. Due to their high metabolic activity and reproduction rates, species of the genus Chlorella are highly productive when cultivated in photobioreactors. However, wild-type strains show biological limitations making algal bioproducts expensive compared to those extracted from other feedstocks. Such constraints include inhomogeneous light distribution due to high optical density of the culture, and photoinhibition of the surface-exposed cells. Thus, the domestication of algal strains for industry makes it increasingly important to select traits aimed at enhancing light-use efficiency while withstanding excess light stress. Carotenoids have a crucial role in protecting against photooxidative damage and, thus, represent a promising target for algal domestication. We applied chemical mutagenesis to Chlorella vulgaris and selected for enhanced tolerance to the carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor norflurazon. The NFR (norflurazon-resistant) strains showed an increased carotenoid pool size and enhanced tolerance towards photooxidative stress. Growth under excess light revealed an improved carbon assimilation rate of NFR strains with respect to WT. We conclude that domestication of Chlorella vulgaris, by optimizing both carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio and resistance to photooxidative stress, boosted light-to-biomass conversion efficiency under high light conditions typical of photobioreactors. Comparison with strains previously reported for enhanced tolerance to singlet oxygen, reveals that ROS resistance in Chlorella is promoted by at least two independent mechanisms, only one of which is carotenoid-dependent.
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Microalgae Cultivation in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment and Biofuel Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the wastewater produced during the palm oil sterilization process, which contains substantial amounts of nutrients and phosphorous that are harmful to the environment. High BOD and COD of POME are as high as 100,000 mg/L, which endanger the environment. Effective pre-treatment of POME is required before disposal. As microalgae have the ability of biosorption on nutrients and phosphorous to perform photosynthesis, they can be utilized as a sustainable POME treatment operation, which contributes to effective biofuel production. Microalgae species C. pyrenoidosa has shown to achieve 68% lipid production along with 71% nutrient reduction in POME. In this study, a brief discussion about the impacts of POME that will affect the environment is presented. Additionally, the potential of microalgae in treating POME is evaluated along with its benefits. Furthermore, the condition of microalgae growth in the POME is also assessed to study the suitable condition for microalgae to be cultivated in. Moreover, experimental studies on characteristics and performance of microalgae are being evaluated for their feasibility. One of the profitable applications of POME treatment using microalgae is biofuel production, which will be discussed in this review. However, with the advantages brought from cultivating microalgae in POME, there are also some concerns, as microalgae will cause pollution if they are not handled well, as discussed in the last section of this paper.
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Digestate as Sustainable Nutrient Source for Microalgae—Challenges and Prospects. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The interest in microalgae products has been increasing, and therefore the cultivation industry is growing steadily. To reduce the environmental impact and production costs arising from nutrients, research needs to find alternatives to the currently used artificial nutrients. Microalgae cultivation in anaerobic effluents (more specifically, digestate) represents a promising strategy for increasing sustainability and obtaining valuable products. However, digestate must be processed prior to its use as nutrient source. Depending on its composition, different methods are suitable for removing solids (e.g., centrifugation) and adjusting nutrient concentrations and ratios (e.g., dilution, ammonia stripping). Moreover, the resulting cultivation medium must be light-permeable. Various studies show that growth rates comparable to those in artificial media can be achieved when proper digestate treatment is used. The necessary steps for obtaining a suitable cultivation medium also depend on the microalgae species to be cultivated. Concerning the application of the biomass, legal aspects and impurities originating from digestate must be considered. Furthermore, microalgae species and their application fields are essential criteria when selecting downstream processing methods (harvest, disintegration, dehydration, product purification). Microalgae grown on digestate can be used to produce various products (e.g., bioenergy, animal feed, bioplastics, and biofertilizers). This review gives insight into the origin and composition of digestate, processing options to meet requirements for microalgae cultivation and challenges regarding downstream processing and products.
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Chai WS, Tan WG, Halimatul Munawaroh HS, Gupta VK, Ho SH, Show PL. Multifaceted roles of microalgae in the application of wastewater biotreatment: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116236. [PMID: 33333449 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have become imperative for biological wastewater treatment. Its capability in biological purification of wastewaters from different origins while utilizing wastewater as the substrate for growth has manifest great potentials as a sustainable and economical wastewater treatment method. The wastewater grown microalgae have also been remarked in research to be a significant source of value-added bioproducts and biomaterial. This paper highlights the multifaceted roles of microalgae in wastewater treatment from the extent of microalgal bioremediation function to environmental amelioration with the involvement of microalgal biomass productivity and carbon dioxide fixation. Besides, the uptake mechanism of microalgae in wastewater treatment was discussed in detail with illustrations for a comprehensive understanding of the removal process of undesirable substances. The performance of different microalgae species in the uptake of various substances was studied and summarized in this review. The correlation of microalgal treatment efficacy with various algal strain types and the bioreactors harnessed for cultivation systems was also discussed. Studies on the alternatives to conventional wastewater treatment processes and the integration of microalgae with accordant wastewater treatment methods are presented. Current research on the biological and technical approaches for the modification of algae-based wastewater system and the maximization of biomass production is also reviewed and discussed. The last portion of the review is dedicated to the assertion of challenges and future perspectives on the development of microalgae-based wastewater treatment technology. This review serves as a useful and informative reference for readers regarding the multifaceted roles of microalgae in the application of wastewater biotreatment with detailed discussion on the uptake mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Siong Chai
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wee Gee Tan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, 40154, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Role of C/N ratio on microalgae growth in mixotrophy and incorporation of titanium nanoparticles for cell flocculation and lipid enhancement in economical biodiesel application. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:331. [PMID: 32656064 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study aimed to evaluate the influence of carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) on mixotrophic growth of microalgae and role of nanomaterial in cell recovery and lipid improvement. In this study, three microalgae species were isolated, screened from local freshwater body for lipid assimilation. The microalgae were identified as Chlorococcum sp., Scenedesmus sp., and Euglena sp. Mixotrophic cultivation of each microalgae strain using various organic carbon sources was preferred in contrast with photoautotrophic mode. Sucrose represented as the preeminent source for enhancing the microalgae biomass of 3.5 g/L and lipid content of 58.35%, which was a significant improvement as compared to control. Later, response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD), tool was employed to optimize the C/N ratio and demonstrated the maximum biomass production of 5.02 g/L along with the increased lipid content of 60.34%. Ti nanoparticles (Ti nps) were added to the culture for lipid enhancement in the stationary phase and biomass removal was performed by nanoparticle (np)-mediated flocculation technique. Optimized concentration of 15 ppm Ti nps determined the cell harvesting efficacy of 82.46% during 45 min of sedimentation time and 1.23-fold lipid enhancement was reported. Extracted lipid was converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by the process of transesterification and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Characterization of FAME revealed the presence of 56.31% of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and 29.06% unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) that could be processed towards sustainable biodiesel production. Hence, our results suggested that integration of mixotrophic cultivation and Ti nps emerged as a new cost-effective approach for biomass and lipid enhancement in microalgae Chlorococcum sp.
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Fayyaz M, Chew KW, Show PL, Ling TC, Ng IS, Chang JS. Genetic engineering of microalgae for enhanced biorefinery capabilities. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107554. [PMID: 32437732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based bioproducts are in limelight because of their promising future, novel characteristics, the current situation of population needs, and rising prices of rapidly depleting energy resources. Algae-based products are considered as clean sustainable energy and food resources. At present, they are not commercialized due to their high production cost and low yield. In recent years, novel genome editing tools like RNAi, ZNFs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 are used to enhance the quality and quantity of the desired products. Genetic and metabolic engineering are frequently applied because of their rapid and precise results than random mutagenesis. Omic approaches help enhance biorefinery capabilities and are now in the developing stage for algae. The future is very bright for transgenic algae with increased biomass yield, carbon dioxide uptake rate, accumulating high-value compounds, reduction in cultivation, and production costs, thus reaching the goal in the global algal market and capital flow. However, microalgae are primary producers and any harmful exposure to the wild strains can affect the entire ecosystem. Therefore, strict regulation and monitoring are required to assess the potential risks before introducing genetically modified microalgae into the natural ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmooda Fayyaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
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Ng I, Keskin BB, Tan S. A Critical Review of Genome Editing and Synthetic Biology Applications in Metabolic Engineering of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900228. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I‐Son Ng
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Batuhan Birol Keskin
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Shih‐I Tan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
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Factors Affecting the Performance of Membrane Osmotic Processes for Bioenergy Development. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) have gained attention recently as potential processes to solve water and energy scarcity problems with advantages over pressure-driven membrane processes. These processes can be designed to produce bioenergy and clean water at the same time (i.e., wastewater treatment with power generation). Despite having significant technological advancement, these bioenergy processes are yet to be implemented in full scale and commercialized due to its relatively low performance. Hence, massive and extensive research has been carried out to evaluate the variables in FO and PRO processes such as osmotic membrane, feed solutions, draw solutions, and operating conditions in order to maximize the outcomes, which include water flux and power density. However, these research findings have not been summarized and properly reviewed. The key parts of this review are to discuss the factors influencing the performance of FO and PRO with respective resulting effects and to determine the research gaps in their optimization with the aim of further improving these bioenergy processes and commercializing them in various industrial applications.
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Chia SR, Chew KW, Zaid HFM, Chu DT, Tao Y, Show PL. Microalgal Protein Extraction From Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E Using Triphasic Partitioning Technique With Sonication. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:396. [PMID: 31867321 PMCID: PMC6908848 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Green microalgae containing various bioactive compounds and macronutrients such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, have attracted much attention from the global community. Microalgae has the potential to be applied in food industries due to its high protein content, rapid growth rate, and ability to survive in harsh conditions. This study presents a simple yet efficient technique of sonication-assisted triphasic partitioning process, also known as ultrasonic-assisted three phase partitioning (UATPP), for the extraction of proteins from Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E. Comparison studies between three phase partitioning (TPP) and UATPP was conducted to investigate the feasibility of the enhanced technique on proteins extraction. Types of salt, ratio of slurry to t-butanol, salt saturation, sonication frequency, power, irradiation time, and duty cycle as well as biomass loading were studied. UATPP was found to be an improved technique compared to TPP. An optimum separation efficiency and yield of 74.59 ± 0.45 and 56.57 ± 3.70% was obtained, respectively, with the optimized conditions: salt saturation (50%), slurry to t-butanol ratio (1:2), sonication power (100%), irradiation time (10 min), frequency (35 kHz), duty cycle (80%) and biomass loading (0.75 wt%). A scaled-up study was performed to validate the reliability of UATPP for protein extraction. The outcome of the study revealed that UATPP is an attractive approach for downstream processing of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Reen Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid
- Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Institute of Autonomous System, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
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Desai RK, Fernandez MS, Wijffels RH, Eppink MHM. Mild Fractionation of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Components From Neochloris oleoabundans Using Ionic Liquids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:284. [PMID: 31709246 PMCID: PMC6824408 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising source for proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates for the food/feed and biofuel industry. To make microalgae production economically feasible, it is necessary to optimally use all produced compounds keeping full functionality. Therefore, biorefining of microalgae is the key to lower the cost of algal products using mild and effective processing techniques. In this article, we have tested the feasibility of aqueous solutions of imidazolium and phosponium ionic liquids to selectively milk the hydrophobic lipids from Neochloris oleoabundans biomass out of intact cells and recover after cell disruption the hydrophilic fraction containing proteins and carbohydrates. The results showed that the ionic liquid tributylmethylphosphonium methylsulfate (TBP SO4; Cyphos 108) is able to permeabilize fresh intact cells of N. oleoabundans for extracting 68% of total lipids out of the cells, whereas, after cell disruption, 80% of total proteins, and 77% of total carbohydrates could be obtained in aqueous buffers. This concept kept the recovered proteins in their native form without interacting with the ionic liquids that will denature the proteins. Selective biorefinery of different components from microalgae using ionic liquid TBP SO4 explains the novelty of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali K Desai
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Rene H Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Michel H M Eppink
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Asadi P, Rad HA, Qaderi F. Comparison of Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella sorokiniana pa.91 in post treatment of dairy wastewater treatment plant effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:29473-29489. [PMID: 31396874 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of wastewater by using of microalgae is a cost-effective system. Chlorella sorokiniana pa.91 and Chlorella vulgaris were studied in this research. Chlorella sorokiniana pa.91 was isolated from the dairy wastewater. In this study, treated wastewaters in preliminary and secondary treatment units of dairy wastewater treatment plant were used as medium. Maximum growth of two species of microalgae was examined in these two mediums, and also, nutrient removal was studied. The performance of two species of microalgae was studied on laboratory scale at different temperatures and light intensities. The best observed temperatures for Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella sorokiniana pa.91 were 25 and 28 °C, respectively, and the best observed performance for them was obtained at 7500 lx. The values of specific growth rate and biomass productivity in effluent of preliminary treatment unit for Chlorella vulgaris were 0.331 day-1 and 0.214 g L-l day-1, respectively, and for Chlorella sorokiniana pa.91 were 0.375 day-1 and 0.233 g L-l day-1, respectively. Also, these parameters for Chlorella vulgaris in effluent of secondary treatment unit were determined 0.359 day-1 and 0.166 g L-l day-1, respectively, and for Chlorella sorokiniana pa.91 were obtained 0.422 day-1 and 0.185 g L-l day-1, respectively. The removal efficiency of nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, and chemical oxygen demand for Chlorella sorokiniana pa.91 and Chlorella vulgaris in both of effluents was more than 80%. Based on the results, effluent of treatment plants can be a suitable microalgae growth medium, and the microalgae can be used as effective post treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Asadi
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Hassan Amini Rad
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Farhad Qaderi
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
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Cultivation of Oily Microalgae for the Production of Third-Generation Biofuels. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11195424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biofuel production by oleaginous microalgae is a promising alternative to the conventional fossil fuels. Many microalgae species have been investigated and deemed as potential renewable sources for the production of biofuel, biogas, food supplements and other products. Oleaginous microalgae, named for their ability to produce oil, are reported to store 30–70% of lipid content due to its metabolic properties under nutrient starvation conditions. This review presents the assortment of the research studies focused on biofuel production from oleaginous microalgae. The new methods and technologies developed for oleaginous microalgae cultivation to improve their biomass content and lipid accumulation capacity were reviewed. The production of renewable, carbon neutral, bio-based or microalgae-based transport fuels are necessary for environmental protection and economic sustainability. Microalgae are a significant source of renewable biodiesel because of their ability to produce oils in the presence of sunlight more efficiently than that of crop oils. This review will provide the background to understanding the bottlenecks and the need for improvement in the cultivation or harvesting process for oleaginous microalgae.
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Abstract
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical technique to convert waste polymers and biomass into raw chemicals and fuels. However, this process involves several issues related to the interactions between materials and microwaves. Consequently, the control of temperature during microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a hard task both for measurement and uniformity during the overall pyrolytic run. In this review, we introduce some of the main theoretical aspects of the microwaves–materials interactions alongside the issues related to microwave pyrolytic processability of materials.
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Iglesias MJ, Soengas R, Probert I, Guilloud E, Gourvil P, Mehiri M, López Y, Cepas V, Gutiérrez-Del-Río I, Redondo-Blanco S, Villar CJ, Lombó F, Soto S, Ortiz FL. NMR characterization and evaluation of antibacterial and antiobiofilm activity of organic extracts from stationary phase batch cultures of five marine microalgae (Dunaliella sp., D. salina, Chaetoceros calcitrans, C. gracilis and Tisochrysis lutea). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 164:192-205. [PMID: 31174083 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of five marine microalgae (Dunaliella sp., Dunaliella salina, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Chaetoceros gracilis and Tisochrysis lutea) was investigated through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic study of the soluble material obtained by sequential extraction with hexane, ethyl acetate (AcOEt) and methanol of biomass from stationary phase cultures. Hexane extracted the major lipids present in the microalgae during the stationary phase of growth, which correspond to storage lipids. Triacylglycerols (TGs) were the only storage lipids produced by Dunaliella and Chaetoceros. In contrast, T. lutea predominantly stored polyunsaturated long-chain alkenones, with sterols also detected as minor components of the hexane extract. The molecular structure of brassicasterol was determined in T. lutea and the presence of squalene in this sample was also unequivocally detected. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs) and pigments were concentrated in the AcOEt extracts. C. calcitrans and D. salina constituted an exception due to the high amount of TGs and glycerol produced, respectively, by these two strains. Chlorophylls a and b and β-carotene were the major pigments synthesized by Dunaliella and chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin were the only pigments detected in Chaetoceros and T. lutea. Information concerning the acyl chains present in TGs and MGDGs as well as the positional distribution of acyl chains on the glycerol moiety was obtained by NMR analysis of hexane and AcOEt extracts, with results consistent with those expected for the genera studied. Fatty acid composition of TGs in the two Dunaliella strains was different, with polyunsaturated acyl chains almost absent in the storage lipids produced by D. salina. Except in C. calcitrans, the polar nature of soluble compounds was inferred through the relative extraction yield using methanol as the extraction solvent. Glycerol was the major component of this fraction for the Dunaliella strains. In T. lutea 1,4/2,5-cyclohexanetetrol (CHT) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) preponderated. CHT was also the major polyol present in the Chaetoceros strains in which DMSP was not detected, but prominent signals of 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate (DHSP) were observed in the 1H NMR spectra of methanolic extracts. The presence of DHSP confirms the production of this metabolite by diatoms. In addition, several other minor compounds (digalactosyldiacyglycerols (DGDGs), sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs), amino acids, carbohydrates, scyllo-inositol, mannitol, lactic acid and homarine) were also identified in the methanolic extracts. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the extracts were tested. The AcOEt extract from C. gracilis showed a moderate antibiofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma José Iglesias
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain.
| | - Raquel Soengas
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Ian Probert
- Roscoff Culture Collection, FR2424 Station Biologique de Roscoff (Sorbonne Université / CNRS), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Emilie Guilloud
- Roscoff Culture Collection, FR2424 Station Biologique de Roscoff (Sorbonne Université / CNRS), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Priscillia Gourvil
- Roscoff Culture Collection, FR2424 Station Biologique de Roscoff (Sorbonne Université / CNRS), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Mohamed Mehiri
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Nice Sofia Antopolis, 06103, Nice, France
| | - Yuly López
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 132, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginio Cepas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 132, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Del-Río
- Research Group BIONUC, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain. IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Spain
| | - Saúl Redondo-Blanco
- Research Group BIONUC, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain. IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Research Group BIONUC, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain. IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Research Group BIONUC, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain. IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Spain
| | - Sara Soto
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 132, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando López Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain.
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Amoah J, Kahar P, Ogino C, Kondo A. Bioenergy and Biorefinery: Feedstock, Biotechnological Conversion, and Products. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800494. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Amoah
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Prihardi Kahar
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
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Aguilera-Sáez LM, Abreu AC, Camacho-Rodríguez J, González-López CV, Del Carmen Cerón-García M, Fernández I. NMR Metabolomics as an Effective Tool To Unravel the Effect of Light Intensity and Temperature on the Composition of the Marine Microalgae Isochrysis galbana. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3879-3889. [PMID: 30920825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis techniques was applied to obtain meaningful information about nontargeted metabolic changes on Isochrysis galbana upon acclimation to different environmental conditions at indoor lab-scale. The effects of temperature (from 15 to 30 °C) and incident irradiance (from 250 to 1600 μmol m-2 s-1) at a constant dilution rate of 0.3 h-1 were evaluated. High irradiances stimulated a decrease of chlorophyll a, fucoxanthin and amino acids content, and the conversion of polar fatty acids (PLs, GLs, DGDGs, SGDGs) to neutral fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated). High temperatures together with high irradiances decreased PUFAs concentration, including omega-3 fatty acids. Under low irradiance and temperature organic osmolytes (homarine, DMSP, GBT, and glycerol), and sugars (glucose, trehalose, and galactose) were also reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manuel Aguilera-Sáez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 , Almería ( Spain )
| | - Ana Cristina Abreu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 , Almería ( Spain )
| | - Javier Camacho-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 , Almería ( Spain )
| | - Cynthia Victoria González-López
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 , Almería ( Spain )
| | - María Del Carmen Cerón-García
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 , Almería ( Spain )
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 , Almería ( Spain )
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Hessami MJ, Cheng SF, Ambati RR, Yin YH, Phang SM. Bioethanol production from agarophyte red seaweed, Gelidium elegans, using a novel sample preparation method for analysing bioethanol content by gas chromatography. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:25. [PMID: 30622863 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Gelidium elegans is investigated for ethanol production. A combination of factors including different temperatures, acid concentration and incubation time was evaluated to determine the suitable saccharification conditions. The combination of 2.5% (w/v) H2SO4 at 120 °C for 40 min was selected for hydrolysis of the seaweed biomass, followed by purification, and fermentation to yield ethanol. The galactose and glucose were dominant reducing sugars in the G. elegans hydrolysate and under optimum condition of dilute acid hydrolysis, 39.42% of reducing sugars was produced and fermentation resulted in ethanol concentration of 13.27 ± 0.47 g/L. A modified method was evaluated for sample preparation for gas chromatography (GC) analysis of the ethanol content. A solvent mixture of acetonitrile and iso-butanol precipitated dissolved organic residues and reduced water content in GC samples at least by 90%. Results showed that this method could be successfully used for bioethanol production from seaweed.
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Phwan CK, Chew KW, Sebayang AH, Ong HC, Ling TC, Malek MA, Ho YC, Show PL. Effects of acids pre-treatment on the microbial fermentation process for bioethanol production from microalgae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:191. [PMID: 31384298 PMCID: PMC6668136 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are one of the promising feedstock that consists of high carbohydrate content which can be converted into bioethanol. Pre-treatment is one of the critical steps required to release fermentable sugars to be used in the microbial fermentation process. In this study, the reducing sugar concentration of Chlorella species was investigated by pre-treating the biomass with dilute sulfuric acid and acetic acid at different concentrations 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% (v/v). RESULTS 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, FTIR, and GC-FID were employed to evaluate the reducing sugar concentration, functional groups of alcohol bonds and concentration of bioethanol, respectively. The two-way ANOVA results (p < 0.05) indicated that there was a significant difference in the concentration and type of acids towards bioethanol production. The highest bioethanol yield obtained was 0.28 g ethanol/g microalgae which was found in microalgae sample pre-treated with 5% (v/v) sulfuric acid while 0.23 g ethanol/g microalgal biomass was presented in microalgae sample pre-treated with 5% (v/v) acetic acid. CONCLUSION The application of acid pre-treatment on microalgae for bioethanol production will contribute to higher effectiveness and lower energy consumption compared to other pre-treatment methods. The findings from this study are essential for the commercial production of bioethanol from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Kee Phwan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Abdi Hanra Sebayang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marlinda Abdul Malek
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yeek-Chia Ho
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
- Centre for Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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Chew KW, Chia SR, Show PL, Ling TC, Arya SS, Chang JS. Food waste compost as an organic nutrient source for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:356-362. [PMID: 30029182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the prospective of substituting inorganic medium with organic food waste compost medium as a nutrient supplement for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E. Various percentages of compost mixtures were replaced in the inorganic medium to compare the algal growth and biochemical composition. The use of 25% compost mixture combination was found to yield higher biomass concentration (11.1%) and better lipid (10.1%) and protein (2.0%) content compared with microalgae cultivation in fully inorganic medium. These results exhibited the potential of combining the inorganic medium with organic food waste compost medium as an effective way to reduce the cultivation cost of microalgae and to increase the biochemical content in the cultivated microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Wayne Chew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shir Reen Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shalini S Arya
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 107, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 107, Taiwan
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Effects of water culture medium, cultivation systems and growth modes for microalgae cultivation: A review. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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