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Fàbrega C, Aviñó A, Navarro N, Jorge AF, Grijalvo S, Eritja R. Lipid and Peptide-Oligonucleotide Conjugates for Therapeutic Purposes: From Simple Hybrids to Complex Multifunctional Assemblies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:320. [PMID: 36839642 PMCID: PMC9959333 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense and small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides have been recognized as powerful therapeutic compounds for targeting mRNAs and inducing their degradation. However, a major obstacle is that unmodified oligonucleotides are not readily taken up into tissues and are susceptible to degradation by nucleases. For these reasons, the design and preparation of modified DNA/RNA derivatives with better stability and an ability to be produced at large scale with enhanced uptake properties is of vital importance to improve current limitations. In the present study, we review the conjugation of oligonucleotides with lipids and peptides in order to produce oligonucleotide conjugates for therapeutics aiming to develop novel compounds with favorable pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Fàbrega
- Nucleic Acids Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Nucleic Acids Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Navarro
- Nucleic Acids Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreia F. Jorge
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Colloidal and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Nucleic Acids Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Hande M, Saher O, Lundin KE, Smith CIE, Zain R, Lönnberg T. Oligonucleotide⁻Palladacycle Conjugates as Splice-Correcting Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:E1180. [PMID: 30917503 PMCID: PMC6470670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
2'-O-Methylribo phosphorothioate oligonucleotides incorporating cyclopalladated benzylamine conjugate groups at their 5'-termini have been prepared and their ability to hybridize with a designated target sequence was assessed by conventional UV melting experiments. The oligonucleotides were further examined in splice-switching experiments in human cervical cancer (HeLa Luc/705), human liver (HuH7_705), and human osteosarcoma (U-2 OS_705) reporter cell lines. Melting temperatures of duplexes formed by the modified oligonucleotides were approximately 5 °C lower than melting temperatures of the respective unmodified duplexes. The cyclopalladated oligonucleotides functioned as splice-correcting agents in the HeLa Luc/705 cell line somewhat more efficiently than their unmodified counterparts. Furthermore, the introduction of this chemical modification did not induce toxicity in cells. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using covalently metalated oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Hande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Osama Saher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Karin E Lundin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre for Rare Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tuomas Lönnberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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3
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Taskova M, Mantsiou A, Astakhova K. Synthetic Nucleic Acid Analogues in Gene Therapy: An Update for Peptide-Oligonucleotide Conjugates. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1671-1682. [PMID: 28614621 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to provide an update on synthetic nucleic acid analogues and nanoassemblies as tools in gene therapy. In particular, the synthesis and properties of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs), which have high potential in research and as therapeutics, are described in detail. The exploration of POCs has already led to fruitful results in the treatment of neurological diseases, lung disorders, cancer, leukemia, viral, and bacterial infections. However, delivery and in vivo stability are the major barriers to the clinical application of POCs and other analogues that still have to be overcome. This review summarizes recent achievements in the delivery and in vivo administration of synthetic nucleic acid analogues, focusing on POCs, and compares their efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Taskova
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Anna Mantsiou
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Kira Astakhova
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.,Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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4
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Bartolami E, Bouillon C, Dumy P, Ulrich S. Bioactive clusters promoting cell penetration and nucleic acid complexation for drug and gene delivery applications: from designed to self-assembled and responsive systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4257-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09715k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the (self-)assembly of cationic clusters promoting nucleic acids complexation and cell penetration open the door to applications in drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Bartolami
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - Camille Bouillon
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
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5
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Polyamine-oligonucleotide conjugates: a promising direction for nucleic acid tools and therapeutics. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1733-49. [PMID: 26424049 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical modification and/or the conjugation of small functional molecules to oligonucleotides have significantly improved their biological and biophysical properties, addressing issues such as poor cell penetration, stability to nucleases and low affinity for their targets. Here, the authors review the literature reporting on the biophysical, biochemical and biological properties of one particular class of modification - polyamine-oligonucleotide conjugates. Naturally derived and synthetic polyamines have been grafted onto a variety of oligonucleotide formats, including antisense oligonucleotides and siRNAs. In many cases this has had beneficial effects on their properties such as target hybridization, nuclease resistance, cellular uptake and activity. Polyamine-oligonucleotide conjugation, therefore, represents a promising direction for the further development of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics and tools.
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6
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Bartolami E, Gilles A, Dumy P, Ulrich S. Synthesis of α-PNA containing a functionalized triazine as nucleobase analogue. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Paolantoni D, Cantel S, Dumy P, Ulrich S. A dynamic combinatorial approach for identifying side groups that stabilize DNA-templated supramolecular self-assemblies. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3609-25. [PMID: 25667976 PMCID: PMC4346916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-templated self-assembly is an emerging strategy for generating functional supramolecular systems, which requires the identification of potent multi-point binding ligands. In this line, we recently showed that bis-functionalized guanidinium compounds can interact with ssDNA and generate a supramolecular complex through the recognition of the phosphodiester backbone of DNA. In order to probe the importance of secondary interactions and to identify side groups that stabilize these DNA-templated self-assemblies, we report herein the implementation of a dynamic combinatorial approach. We used an in situ fragment assembly process based on reductive amination and tested various side groups, including amino acids. The results reveal that aromatic and cationic side groups participate in secondary supramolecular interactions that stabilize the complexes formed with ssDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Paolantoni
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale, Montpellier Cedex 5 34296, France.
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale, Montpellier Cedex 5 34296, France.
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale, Montpellier Cedex 5 34296, France.
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale, Montpellier Cedex 5 34296, France.
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8
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Mäkilä J, Jadhav S, Kiviniemi A, Käkelä M, Liljenbäck H, Poijärvi-Virta P, Laitala-Leinonen T, Lönnberg H, Roivainen A, Virta P. Synthesis of multi-galactose-conjugated 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides and their in vivo imaging with positron emission tomography. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6806-13. [PMID: 25464879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(68)Ga labelled 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides (anti-miR-15b) bearing one, three or seven d-galactopyranoside residues have been prepared and their distribution in healthy rats has been studied by positron emission tomography (PET). To obtain the heptavalent conjugate, an appropriately protected 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) precursor bearing a 4-[4-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityloxy)butoxy]phenyl side arm was first immobilized via a base labile linker to the support and the oligonucleotide was assembled on the detritylated hydroxyl function of this handle. A phosphoramidite building block bearing two phthaloyl protected aminooxy groups and one protected hydroxyl function was introduced into the 5'-terminus. One acetylated galactopyranoside was coupled as a phosphoramidite to the hydroxyl function, the phthaloyl protections were removed on-support and two trivalent galactopyranoside clusters were attached as aldehydes by on-support oximation. A two-step cleavage with aqueous alkali and ammonia released the conjugate in a fully deprotected form, allowing radiolabelling with (68)Ga in solution. The mono- and tri-galactose conjugates were obtained in a closely related manner. In vivo imaging in rats with PET showed remarkable galactose-dependent liver targeting of the conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Mäkilä
- Skeletal Biology Consortium, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Satish Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Kiviniemi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Meeri Käkelä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tiina Laitala-Leinonen
- Skeletal Biology Consortium, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Lönnberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pasi Virta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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9
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Second generation, arginine-rich (R–X′–R)4-type cell-penetrating α–ω–α-peptides with constrained, chiral ω-amino acids (X′) for enhanced cargo delivery into cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4198-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Cordier C, Boutimah F, Bourdeloux M, Dupuy F, Met E, Alberti P, Loll F, Chassaing G, Burlina F, Saison-Behmoaras TE. Delivery of antisense peptide nucleic acids to cells by conjugation with small arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide (R/W)9. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104999. [PMID: 25127364 PMCID: PMC4134252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are very attractive antisense and antigene agents, but these molecules are not passively taken into cells. Here, using a functional cell assay and fluorescent-based methods, we investigated cell uptake and antisense activity of a tridecamer PNA that targets the HIV-1 polypurine tract sequence delivered using the arginine-rich (R/W)9 peptide (RRWWRRWRR). At micromolar concentrations, without use of any transfection agents, almost 80% inhibition of the target gene expression was obtained with the conjugate in the presence of the endosomolytic agent chloroquine. We show that chloroquine not only induced escape from endosomes but also enhanced the cellular uptake of the conjugate. Mechanistic studies revealed that (R/W)9-PNA conjugates were internalized via pinocytosis. Replacement of arginines with lysines reduced the uptake of the conjugate by six-fold, resulting in the abolition of intracellular target inhibition. Our results show that the arginines play a crucial role in the conjugate uptake and antisense activity. To determine whether specificity of the interactions of arginines with cell surface proteoglycans result in the internalization, we used flow cytometry to examine uptake of arginine- and lysine-rich conjugates in wild-type CHO-K1 and proteoglycan-deficient A745 cells. The uptake of both conjugates was decreased by four fold in CHO-745 cells; therefore proteoglycans promote internalization of cationic peptides, irrespective of the chemical nature of their positive charges. Our results show that arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides, especially (R/W)9, are a promising tool for PNA internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cordier
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Boutimah
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Bourdeloux
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Florian Dupuy
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Met
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Patrizia Alberti
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - François Loll
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- UPMC-Univ Paris 06, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7203, Paris, France
- ENS, UMR 7203, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Burlina
- UPMC-Univ Paris 06, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7203, Paris, France
- ENS, UMR 7203, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Tula Ester Saison-Behmoaras
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Juliano RL, Ming X, Carver K, Laing B. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of oligonucleotides: implications for oligonucleotide pharmacology. Nucleic Acid Ther 2014; 24:101-13. [PMID: 24383421 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2013.0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major constraints on the therapeutic use of oligonucleotides is inefficient delivery to their sites of action in the cytosol or nucleus. Recently it has become evident that the pathways of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of oligonucleotides can strongly influence their pharmacological actions. Here we provide background information on the basic processes of endocytosis and trafficking and then review recent literature on targeted delivery and subcellular trafficking of oligonucleotides in that context. A variety of approaches including molecular scale ligand-oligonucleotide conjugates, ligand-targeted nanocarriers, and the use of small molecules to enhance oligonucleotide effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Juliano
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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12
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Juliano RL, Ming X, Nakagawa O. The chemistry and biology of oligonucleotide conjugates. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:1067-76. [PMID: 22353142 DOI: 10.1021/ar2002123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Short DNA or RNA oligonucleotides have tremendous potential as therapeutic agents. Because of their ability to engage in Watson-Crick base pairing, they can interact with mRNA or pre-mRNA targets with high selectivity. As a result, they could precisely manipulate gene expression. This possibility has engendered extensive efforts to develop oligonucleotides as drugs, and many candidates are already in clinical trials. However, a major impediment to the maturation of this field of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics remains: these relatively large and often highly charged molecules don't easily cross cellular membranes, making it difficult for them to reach their sites of action in the cytosol or nucleus. In this Account, we summarize some basic features of the biology of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides. We then discuss chemical conjugation as an approach to improving the intracellular delivery and therapeutic potential of these agents. Instead of focusing on the details of conjugation chemistry, we emphasize the pharmacological ramifications of oligonucleotide conjugates. In one important approach to improving delivery and efficacy, researchers have conjugated oligonucleotides with ligands designed to bind to particular receptors and thus provide specific interactions with cells. In another strategy, researchers have coupled antisense or siRNA with agents such as cell penetrating peptides that are designed to provoke escape of the conjugate from intracellular vesicular compartments. Although both of these strategies have had some success, further research is needed before oligonucleotide conjugates can find an important place in human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Juliano
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Xin Ming
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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13
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Loakes D. Nucleotides and nucleic acids; oligo- and polynucleotides. ORGANOPHOSPHORUS CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849734875-00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Loakes
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road Cambridge CB2 2QH UK
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14
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Threlfall RN, Torres AG, Krivenko A, Gait MJ, Caruthers MH. Synthesis and biological activity of phosphonoacetate- and thiophosphonoacetate-modified 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 10:746-54. [PMID: 22124653 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06614e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides (2'-OMe ORNs) containing internucleotide linkages which were modified with phosphonoacetate (PACE) or thiophosphonoacetate (thioPACE) were prepared by solid-phase synthesis. The modified 2'-OMe ORNs contained a central phosphate or phosphorothioate sequence with up to 4 PACE or thioPACE modifications, respectively, at either end of the ORN in a "gapmer" motif. Both PACE and thioPACE 2'-OMe ORNs formed stable duplexes with complementary RNA. The majority of these duplexes had higher thermal melting temperatures than an unmodified RNA:RNA duplex. The modified 2'-OMe ORNs were effective passenger strands with complementary, unmodified siRNAs, for inducing siRNA activity in a dual luciferase assay in the presence of a lipid transfecting agent. As single strands, thioPACE 2'-OMe ORNs were efficiently taken up by HeLa cells in the absence of a lipid transfecting agent. Furthermore, thioPACE modifications greatly improved the potency of a 2'-OMe phosphorothioate ORN as an inhibitor of microRNA-122 in Huh7 cells, without lipid transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Threlfall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA
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15
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Juliano RL, Ming X, Nakagawa O. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 23:147-57. [PMID: 21992697 DOI: 10.1021/bc200377d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress is being made concerning the development of oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents. Studies with antisense, siRNA, and other forms of oligonucleotides have shown promise in cellular and animal models and in some clinical studies. Nonetheless, our understanding of how oligonucleotides function in cells and tissues is really quite limited. One major issue concerns the modes of uptake and intracellular trafficking of oligonucleotides, whether as "free" molecules or linked to various delivery moieties such as nanoparticles or targeting ligands. In this review, we examine the recent literature on oligonucleotide internalization and subcellular trafficking in the context of current insights into the basic machinery for endocytosis and intracellular vesicular traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph L Juliano
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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16
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Aaronson JG, Klein LJ, Momose AA, O’Brien AM, Shaw AW, Tucker TJ, Yuan Y, Tellers DM. Rapid HATU-Mediated Solution Phase siRNA Conjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1723-8. [PMID: 21744777 DOI: 10.1021/bc2001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G. Aaronson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Lee J. Klein
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Aaron A. Momose
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Ann M. O’Brien
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Anthony W. Shaw
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Thomas J. Tucker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - David M. Tellers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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Kumar D, Kim SH, Yokobayashi Y. Combinatorially inducible RNA interference triggered by chemically modified oligonucleotides. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2783-8. [PMID: 21294507 DOI: 10.1021/ja1107436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemically inducible RNA interference (RNAi) enables temporal and/or spatial control of virtually any gene, making it useful for study of gene functions, discovery of potential drug targets, and gene therapy applications. Here we describe a new inducible RNAi platform in which orthogonal chemically modified oligonucleotides are used to trigger silencing of two genes in a combinatorial manner. We developed a modular RNA architecture consisting of an oligonucleotide sensor stem-loop and an RNAi effector domain that is designed to undergo a structural shift upon addition of an oligonucleotide inducer. The induced structural change allows the RNA to be processed by the RNAi machinery, ultimately resulting in gene silencing of the target encoded by the RNAi effector module. Combinatorial regulation of multiple genes should accelerate studies of complex gene-gene interactions and screening of new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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