1
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Horgan FG. The Structure of Rice Stemborer Assemblages: A Review of Species' Distributions, Host Ranges, and Interspecific Interactions. INSECTS 2023; 14:921. [PMID: 38132595 PMCID: PMC10744004 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This review describes global rice stemborer assemblages based on published species distributions, apparent host preferences, and reported shifts in assemblage composition in response to environmental factors. At least 56 moth (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Pyralidae, Noctuidae) and fly (Diptera: Diopsidae, Chloropidae) species have been associated with rice; however, only 21 species are of potential, large-scale economic importance with a further 2 species of localized concern; most of the remaining species' associations with rice are based on dubious records without economic impacts on rice production. A list of stemborer-host associations indicates that rice stemborers are largely oligophagous on grasses (Poaceae), but a few species are polyphagous (also attacking Cyperaceae, Typhaceae, and some Eudicotyledon plants). Total stemborer abundance is determined by rice cropping patterns and management. Assemblage species richness is determined by geographical location, surrounding habitat (particularly as regards secondary and occasional species), and season. Evidence suggests that stemborer assemblage structure is largely determined through conditional interspecific competition. Regional assemblages typically include a single dominant lepidopteran species (primary species) that is largely restricted to rice and for which the climate is optimal; one or more secondary species that vary based on the age of rice attacked, rice anatomy, and the proximity to other habitats (including other crops); and occasional species that probably spill over from adjacent grasslands. The co-occurrence of lepidopteran with dipteran rice stemborers requires further research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finbarr G. Horgan
- EcoLaVerna Integral Restoration Ecology, Bridestown, Kildinan, T56 P499 Co. Cork, Ireland;
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Casilla 7-D, Curicó 3430000, Chile
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2
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Echeverri-Rubiano C, Chica-Ramírez HA, García-Dávila MA, Vargas G. Resistance to Diatraea (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) stem borers in sugarcane is independent of species. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:584-590. [PMID: 36881688 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of host-plant resistance on sugarcane to the sugarcane stem borers of Diatraea spp. is normally conducted in Colombia under field conditions, where environmental variations make the study of the insect-plant relationships difficult. Additionally, several species (i.e., D. saccharalis, D. indigenella, D. tabernella, and D. busckella), which are predominant in Colombia, can overlap in their distribution, raising the question of whether different varieties have the same responses to different pest species. The present study conducted evaluations of host-plant resistance under screen house conditions using two contrasting varieties (CC 93-3895, resistant, and CC 93-3826, susceptible) that were infested with the above-mentioned borer species. Observations of pest injury were conducted on internodes, leaves, and spindles. Survival and size (body mass) of the individuals recovered were analyzed and a Damage Survival Ratio (DSR) was proposed. The resistant CC 93-3895 exhibited less stalk injury, less emergence holes on internodes, and lower DSR; additionally, recovery of pest individuals was lower in comparison with CC 93-3826, independent of the borer species. Insect-plant interactions are discussed, as no previous information was available for three of the species tested (i.e., D. tabernella, D. indigenella, and D. busckella). This screen house protocol is proposed to characterize host-plant resistance among several cultivars from the Colombian sugarcane germplasm bank, using CC 93-3826 and CC 93-3895 as contrasting controls and D. saccharalis as the species model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Germán Vargas
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
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3
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Pelosi AP, da Silva FC, Vaz AG, de S. Almeida AC, da Silva AR, de Jesus FG, de F. Barrigossi JA. Tolerance in rice genotypes to the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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4
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Hinojosa JC, Montiel-Pantoja C, Sanjurjo-Franch M, Martínez-Pérez I, Lee KM, Mutanen M, Vila R. Diversification linked to larval host plant in the butterfly Eumedonia eumedon. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:182-197. [PMID: 36214081 PMCID: PMC10092595 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the relationship between phytophagous insects and their host plants influences insect diversification. However, studies addressed at documenting host-associated genetic differentiation (HAD) and the mechanisms that drive reproductive isolation in host-associated lineages (or host races) are still scarce relative to insect diversity. To uncover further evidence on the HAD processes in Lepidoptera, we investigated the genetic structure of the geranium argus butterfly (Eumedonia eumedon) and tested for isolation by ecology (IBE) vs. isolation by distance (IBD). Genomic data revealed an array of host races (three of them in the same mountain range, the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Iberia) at apparently distinct levels of reproductive isolation. We found a pattern of IBE mediated by HAD at both local and European scales, in which genetic differentiation between populations and individuals correlated significantly with the taxonomic relatedness of the host plants. IBD was significant only when considered at the wider European scale. We hypothesize that, locally, HAD between Geranium-feeding populations was caused (at least partially) by allochrony, that is via adaptation of adult flight time to the flowering period of each host plant species. Nevertheless, the potential reproductive isolation between populations using Erodium and populations using Geranium cannot be explained by allochrony or IBD, and other mechanisms are expected to be at play.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyung Min Lee
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Hu Y, Meng Y, Yao L, Wang E, Tang T, Wang Y, Dai L, Zhao M, Zhang HE, Fan X, Luo L, Xiang W, Zhang Z. Citrus Huanglongbing correlated with incidence of Diaphorina citri carrying Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and citrus phyllosphere microbiome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964193. [PMID: 36466264 PMCID: PMC9716883 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In China, citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease is caused by the Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus bacterium, which is carried by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. It was hypothesized that the epidemic of the HLB may related with the rate of bacterium presence in the insect vector and bacterium content in plant tissues, as well as the phyllosphere microbe communities changes. This study systematically analyzed the presence or absence of Ca. L. asiaticus in citrus tree leaves and in the insect vector D. citri over a 6-year period using real-time PCR. In addition, changes in the number of bacteria carried by D. citri over 12 months were quantified, as well as the relationship between the proportion of D. citri carrying Ca. L. asiaticus and the proportion of plants infected with Ca. L. asiaticus were analyzed. Results showed that the proportion of D. citri carrying bacteria was stable and relatively low from January to September. The bacteria in citrus leaves relatively low in spring and summer, then peaked in December. The proportion of D. citri carrying bacteria gradually declined from 2014 to 2019. The proportion of D. citri carrying Ca. L. asiaticus showed a significant positive correlation with the proportion of diseased citrus. The phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities on the healthy citrus leaf were significantly different with the disease leaf in April and December. Pathogenic invasions change the citrus phyllosphere microbial community structure. It could be summarized that citrus Huanglongbing correlated with incidence of Diaphorina citri carrying Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and citrus phyllosphere microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Tree Breeding, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youqing Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial General Station of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Pesticide Management, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangjin Yao
- Department of Tree Breeding, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enguo Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang Linhai Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Taizhou, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingping Zhao
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Yongzhou, China
| | - Hong-en Zhang
- School of Mathematical, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Luyun Luo
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Hunan Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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6
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Improving Natural Enemy Selection in Biological Control through Greater Attention to Chemical Ecology and Host-Associated Differentiation of Target Arthropod Pests. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020160. [PMID: 35206733 PMCID: PMC8877252 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Host-associated differentiation (HAD) refers to cases in which genetically distinct populations of a species (e.g., herbivores or natural enemies) preferentially reproduce or feed on different host species. In agroecosystems, HAD often results in unique strains or biotypes of pest species, each attacking different species of crops. However, HAD is not restricted to pest populations, and may cascade to the third trophic level, affecting host selection by natural enemies, and ultimately leading to HAD within natural enemy species. Natural enemy HAD may affect the outcomes of biological control efforts, whether classical, conservation, or augmentative. Here, we explore the potential effects of pest and natural enemy HAD on biological control in agroecosystems, with emphases on current knowledge gaps and implications of HAD for selection of biological control agents. Additionally, given the importance of semiochemicals in mediating interactions between trophic levels, we emphasize the role of chemical ecology in interactions between pests and natural enemies, and suggest areas of consideration for biological control. Overall, we aim to jump-start a conversation concerning the relevance of HAD in biological control by reviewing currently available information on natural enemy HAD, identifying challenges to incorporating HAD considerations into biological control efforts, and proposing future research directions on natural enemy selection and HAD.
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7
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Dong Z, Li C, Zhang Q, Li L, Lu Z, Ouyang F, Song Y, Yu Y, Men X. Landscape genetic analyses reveal host association of mitochondrial haplotypes in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1169-1178. [PMID: 32383529 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop expansion often leads to high pest pressure. These pests may have fitness trade-offs related to host use, and some host-associated genotypes may benefit and increase in frequency. However, evidence concerning the effect of host availability on spatial distribution and frequency of mitochondrial haplotypes is scarce. We studied genetic variation of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), across a large area during 2 years (2016 and 2017). Mitochondrial sequence data were obtained from 530 individuals collected from 79 locations in Shandong Province, China. In total, 155 haplotypes were found based on the combined cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and COII genes. Three haplotypes (H2, H12, and H23) were dominant, whereas most of the other haplotypes occurred in low frequency. A haplotype network showed that the 155 haplotypes can be grouped into three clusters. Haplotype clusters seemed to be randomly distributed. The frequency of H12 (in Cluster 1) was positively correlated with maize crop proportion, but negatively correlated with other crops (primarily vegetables, oilseed crops, and cotton) at all spatial scales (1-, 3-, and 5-km radius). Cluster 2 had haplotype H23, and this cluster was negatively correlated with semi-natural habitats. Cluster 3 had no dominant haplotype and was not affected by landscape factors. We conclude that H12 may be a maize-associated haplotype. Further study is needed to verify the possibility that the carriers of this haplotype may possess some fitness trade-offs. Our study highlights the importance of host availability in O. furnacalis haplotype distribution and frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoke Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Zengbin Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Xingyuan Men
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
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8
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Borges dos Santos L, Paulo Gomes Viana J, José Biasotto Francischini F, Victoria Fogliata S, L. Joyce A, Pereira de Souza A, Gabriela Murúa M, J. Clough S, Imaculada Zucchi M. A first draft genome of the Sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis. F1000Res 2020. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26614.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis), a widely distributed moth throughout the Americas, is a pest that affects economically important crops such as sugarcane, sorghum, wheat, maize and rice. Given its significant impact on yield reduction, whole-genome information of the species is needed. Here, we report the first draft assembly of the D. saccharalis genome. Methods: The genomic sequences were obtained using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 whole-genome sequencing of a single adult male specimen. We assembled the short-reads using the SPAdes software and predicted protein-coding genes using MAKER. Genome assembly completeness was assessed through BUSCO and the repetitive content by RepeatMasker. Results: The 453 Mb assembled sequences contain 1,445 BUSCO gene orthologs and 1,161 predicted gene models identified based on homology evidence to the domestic silk moth, Bombyx mori. The repeat content composes 41.18% of the genomic sequences which is in the range of other lepidopteran species. Conclusions: Functional annotation reveals that predicted gene models are involved in important cellular mechanisms such as metabolic pathways and protein synthesis. Thus, the data generated in this study expands our knowledge on the genomic characteristics of this devastating pest and provides essential resources for future genetic studies of the species.
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9
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Naino Jika AK, Le Ru B, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chardonnet F, Silvain JF, Kaiser L, Dupas S. Population genetics of the Mediterranean corn borer (Sesamia nonagrioides) differs between wild and cultivated plants. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230434. [PMID: 32191750 PMCID: PMC7081988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The population genetic structure of crop pest populations gives information about their spatial ecology, which helps in designing management strategies. In this paper, we investigated the genetic structure of the Mediterranean Corn Borer (MCB), Sesamia nonagrioides Lefèbvre (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), one of the most important maize pests in the Mediterranean countries, using microsatellite markers for the first time in this species. Insects were collected in twenty-five locations in southwest and southeast France from cultivated and wild host plants (Zea mays, Sorghum halepense and Typha domingensis). Contrary to what has been reported so far in France, we found that MCB populations could be locally abundant on wild poales plants. Analysis was carried out at 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Molecular variance was significantly determined by geography, then by host plant, with 17% and 4%, respectively, when considered as a major effect, and with 14% and 1%, respectively, when considered as a marginal effect in permutational analysis. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and GENELAND Bayesian clustering suggested that populations infecting wild plants (T. domingensis and S. halepense) were more structured locally than those affecting cultivated maize. In S. halepense, significant Isolation By Distance (IBD) indicated that this factor could explain genetic differentiation of the moth populations. In T. domingensis, local population differentiation was strong but did not depend on distance. The implication of this absence of population structure in maize and the heterogeneity of population genetics patterns in wild plants are discussed in the context of the population dynamics hypothesis and population management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Kader Naino Jika
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS, IRD & Université Paris-Sud Orsay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
- * E-mail:
| | - B. Le Ru
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS, IRD & Université Paris-Sud Orsay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
- ICIPE- African Insect Science for Food and Health, Kasarani, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - C. Capdevielle-Dulac
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS, IRD & Université Paris-Sud Orsay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - F. Chardonnet
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS, IRD & Université Paris-Sud Orsay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - J. F. Silvain
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS, IRD & Université Paris-Sud Orsay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - L. Kaiser
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS, IRD & Université Paris-Sud Orsay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - S. Dupas
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, UMR CNRS, IRD & Université Paris-Sud Orsay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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Coates BS, Kozak GM, Seok Kim K, Sun J, Wang Y, Fleischer SJ, Dopman EB, Sappington TW. Influence of host plant, geography and pheromone strain on genomic differentiation in sympatric populations of Ostrinia nubilalis. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4439-4452. [PMID: 31495004 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of mating for the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) moth depend in part on variation in sex-pheromone blend. The ratio of (E)-11- and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11- and Z11-14:OAc) in the pheromone blend that females produce and males respond to differs between strains of O. nubilalis. Populations also vary in female oviposition preference for and larval performance on maize (C4) and nonmaize (C3) host plants. The relative contributions of sexual and ecological trait variation to the genetic structure of O. nubilalis remains unknown. Host-plant use (13 C/14 C ratios) and genetic differentiation were estimated among sympatric E and Z pheromone strain O. nubilalis males collected in sex-pheromone baited traps at 12 locations in Pennsylvania and New York between 2007 and 2010. Among genotypes at 65 single nucleotide polymorphism marker loci, variance at a position in the pheromone gland fatty acyl-reductase (pgfar) gene at the locus responsible for determining female pheromone ratio (Pher) explained 64% of the total genetic differentiation between males attracted to different pheromones (male response, Resp), providing evidence of sexual inter-selection at these unlinked loci. Principal coordinate, Bayesian clustering, and distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) demonstrate that host plant history or geography does not significantly contribute to population variation or differentiation among males. In contrast, these analyses indicate that pheromone response and pgfar-defined strain contribute significantly to population genetic differentiation. This study suggests that behavioural divergence probably plays a larger role in driving genetic variation compared to host plant-defined ecological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S Coates
- Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Genevieve M Kozak
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Kyung Seok Kim
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yangzhou Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | | | - Erik B Dopman
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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Francischini FJB, Cordeiro EMG, de Campos JB, Alves-Pereira A, Viana JPG, Wu X, Wei W, Brown P, Joyce A, Murua G, Fogliata S, Clough SJ, Zucchi MI. Diatraea saccharalis history of colonization in the Americas. The case for human-mediated dispersal. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220031. [PMID: 31339922 PMCID: PMC6656350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugarcane borer moth, Diatraea saccharalis, is one of the most important pests of sugarcane and maize crops in the Western Hemisphere. The pest is widespread throughout South and Central America, the Caribbean region and the southern United States. One of the most intriguing features of D. saccharalis population dynamics is the high rate of range expansion reported in recent years. To shed light on the history of colonization of D. saccharalis, we investigated the genetic structure and diversity in American populations using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers throughout the genome and sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase (COI). Our primary goal was to propose possible dispersal routes from the putative center of origin that can explain the spatial pattern of genetic diversity. Our findings showed a clear correspondence between genetic structure and the geographical distributions of this pest insect on the American continents. The clustering analyses indicated three distinct groups: one composed of Brazilian populations, a second group composed of populations from El Salvador, Mexico, Texas and Louisiana and a third group composed of the Florida population. The predicted time of divergence predates the agriculture expansion period, but the pattern of distribution of haplotype diversity suggests that human-mediated movement was most likely the factor responsible for the widespread distribution in the Americas. The study of the early history of D. saccharalis promotes a better understanding of range expansion, the history of invasion, and demographic patterns of pest populations in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio J. B. Francischini
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Erick M. G. Cordeiro
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline B. de Campos
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Gomes Viana
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Patrick Brown
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andrea Joyce
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Murua
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ITANOA-EEAOC-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sofia Fogliata
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ITANOA-EEAOC-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Steven J. Clough
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Maria I. Zucchi
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Conservation Genetics and Genomics, Agribusiness Technological Development of São Paulo (APTA), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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12
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Goftishu M, Assefa Y, Niba A, Fininsa C, Nyamukondiwa C, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Le Ru BP. Phylogeography and Population Structure of the Mediterranean Corn Borer, Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Across Its Geographic Range. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:396-406. [PMID: 30376077 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefèbvre) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a widespread insect pest in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. However, its pest status varies across its distribution range. It is a major pest of maize in Europe and of sugarcane in Iran. In Africa, it is a major pest of maize in West Africa but not considered as a pest in East Africa. Recent surveys conducted in 2015 recorded S. nonagrioides to be a major pest of sugarcane in Ethiopia and reported the species for the first time in Botswana, outside its known geographic range. The genetic relationship of these records with the previously recorded population of S. nonagrioides was investigated using the cytochrome oxidase subunit I region of the mitochondrial genome. In total, 113 individuals across the geographic range of the species were analyzed and 63 haplotypes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis separated the populations into two clades with no distinct geographic distribution pattern. The genetic differentiation was also not associated with host plants and geographic distances. Results of the molecular analysis revealed the long-time establishment of S. nonagrioides population in Botswana and identified the newly recorded sugarcane population from Ethiopia as part of the wild host population in the country. The phylogeographic patterns observed among population of S. nonagrioides have probably been shaped by Pleistocene's climatic oscillations and geographic range expansions from different refugia with secondary contact and admixture. Possible reasons for the host-plant expansion by the Ethiopian population are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluken Goftishu
- School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Yoseph Assefa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Department of Crop Production, University of Swaziland, Luyengo Campus, Swaziland
| | - Augustine Niba
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Chemeda Fininsa
- School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Claire Capdevielle-Dulac
- IRD/CNRS, UMR IRD 247 EGCE, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes Comportement et Ecologie, Avenue de la terrasse, BP1, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Bruno Pierre Le Ru
- IRD/CNRS, UMR IRD 247 EGCE, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes Comportement et Ecologie, Avenue de la terrasse, BP1, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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13
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Correa F, Silva CLT, Pelosi AP, Almeida ACS, Heinrichs EA, Barrigossi JAF, Jesus FG. Resistance in 27 Rice Cultivars to Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:422-427. [PMID: 29182781 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered one of the most important crops in the world, and the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is among the key pests damaging the crop in the Americas. The objective of this work was to identify rice genotypes as a source of resistance to D. saccharalis. Rice plants were infested in the greenhouse and subsequently evaluated for damage, larval weight and survival, and stem size. The cultivars 'Bonança', 'Caripuna', 'IR 42', 'Canela de Ferro', 'SWA Norte', 'BR IRGA 409', 'Pepita', 'Serra Dourada', 'Araguaia', 'Xingú', 'Tangará', and 'Soberana' showed antibiosis antixenosis, or both to D. saccharalis. These cultivars may be used as donor sources in the breeding program and used directly by Brazilian farmers as a component of rice-integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Correa
- Federal Goiano Institute, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - C L T Silva
- Federal Goiano Institute, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - A P Pelosi
- Federal Goiano Institute, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - A C S Almeida
- Federal Goiano Institute, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - E A Heinrichs
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska. Entomology Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - J A F Barrigossi
- Embrapa Rice and Beans, Rodovia GO-462, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | - F G Jesus
- Federal Goiano Institute, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
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14
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Meng L, Wang Y, Wei WH, Zhang H. Population genetic structure of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae): host-driven genetic differentiation in China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1473. [PMID: 29367741 PMCID: PMC5784137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is a major pest in citrus production, transmitting Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. It has spread widely across eastern and southern China. Unfortunately, little is known about the genetic diversity and population structure of D. citri, making pest control difficult. In this study, nine specifically developed SSR markers and three known mitochondrial DNA were used for population genetics study of D. citri using 225 samples collected from all 7 distribution regions in China. Based on the SSR data, D. citri was found highly diverse with a mean observed heterozygosity of 0.50, and three subgroups were structured by host plant: (i) Shatangju, NF mandarin and Ponkan; (ii) Murraya paniculata and Lemon; (iii) Citrus unshiu, Bingtangcheng, Summer orange and Navel. No significant genetic differences were found with mtDNA data. We suggested the host-associated divergence is likely to have occurred very recently. A unimodal distribution of paired differences, the negative and significant Tajima’s D and Fu’s FS parameters among mtDNA suggested a recent demographic expansion. The extensive citrus cultivation and increased suitable living habitat was recommended as a key for this expansion event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Meng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yongmo Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Wei
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
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15
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Pavinato VAC, Michel AP, de Campos JB, Omoto C, Zucchi MI. Influence of historical land use and modern agricultural expansion on the spatial and ecological divergence of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Brazil. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 120:25-37. [PMID: 29234172 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-017-0018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-mediated changes in landscapes can facilitate niche expansion and accelerate the adaptation of insect species. The interaction between the evolutionary history of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius, and historical and modern agricultural activity in Brazil shaped its spatial genetic structure, facilitating ecological divergence and incipient host shifting. Based on microsatellite data, STRUCTURE analyses identified two (K = 2) and three (K = 3) significant genetic clusters that corresponded to: (a) a strong signal of spatial genetic structure and, (b) a cryptic signal of host differentiation. We inferred that K = 2 reflects the footprint of agricultural activity, such as expansion of crop production (sugarcane and maize), unintentional dispersion of pests, and management practices. In contrast, K = 3 indicated incipient host differentiation between larvae collected from sugarcane or maize. Our estimates of population size changes indicated that a historical bottleneck was associated with a reduction of sugarcane production ≈200 years ago. However, a more recent population expansion was detected (>1950s), associated with agricultural expansion of large crop production into previously unfarmed land. Partial Mantel tests supported our hypothesis of incipient host adaptation, and identified isolation-by-environment (e.g., host plant) in São Paulo and Minas Gerais states, where sugarcane has been traditionally produced in Brazil. The impact of agricultural production on D. saccharalis may continue, as the current population structure may hinder the efficacy of refuge plants in delaying insect resistance evolution to Bt toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor A C Pavinato
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Avenida Bertrand Russel, s/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 6109, Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Thorne Hall, The Ohio State University, 1680, Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Andrew P Michel
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Thorne Hall, The Ohio State University, 1680, Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Jaqueline B de Campos
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Avenida Bertrand Russel, s/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 6109, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Omoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, CP 9, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria I Zucchi
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Avenida Bertrand Russel, s/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 6109, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Agribusiness Technological Development of São Paulo (APTA), Laboratory of Conservation Genetics and Genomics, Rodovia SP 127 km 30, CP 28, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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16
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Francischini FJB, de Campos JB, Alves-Pereira A, Gomes Viana JP, Grinter CC, Clough SJ, Zucchi MI. Morphological and molecular characterization of Brazilian populations of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and the evolutionary relationship among species of Diatraea Guilding. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186266. [PMID: 29145390 PMCID: PMC5690654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugarcane borer or corn stalk borer, Diatraea Guilding is polyphagous insect pest of many important crops such as corn, sorghum and sugarcane. Losses arising from the attack of Diatraea species have been a serious problem, which may cause loss in sugarcane production around 0.25% in sugar, 0.20% in alcohol and 0.77% of body weight for every 1% infestation and up to 21% in corn production fields. In Brazil, the most commonly reported species are Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) and Diatraea impersonatella (Walker, 1863) (= D. flavipennella). However, multiple other species of Diatraea have been identified in Brazil according to the literature. Currently, little information exists on the presence of the other species causing injury to sugarcane and corn. The objectives of this study were to improve the accuracy of species assignment, evaluate the population genetic structure, and address many of the outstanding questions of systematics and evolution of Brazilian populations of D. saccharalis. To address these main questions, classical taxonomic methods were used, focused on morphological characterization of the reproductive organs, especially the male genitalia. In addition, genetic studies were performed using simple sequence repeats (SSR) and a fragment of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The data and findings from this research will contribute to the understanding of evolutionary aspects of insect pests in order to develop more effective and sustainable population management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio J. B. Francischini
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Bueno de Campos
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Alves-Pereira
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Gomes Viana
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christopher C. Grinter
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Clough
- Department of Crop Science, USDA-ARS / University of Illinois, Urbana, United States of America
| | - Maria I. Zucchi
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Barrera GP, Villamizar LF, Espinel C, Quintero EM, Belaich MN, Toloza DL, Ghiringhelli PD, Vargas G. Identification of Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) based on cytochrome oxidase II. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184053. [PMID: 28873431 PMCID: PMC5584955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) are a group of insects that are agriculture pests in many economically relevant crops such as sugarcane, sorghum, corn and rice. Recognized species for this genus respond differentially to natural enemies used in their biological control, emphasizing the importance of species in a regional approach. Currently, identification is based on the male genitalia. However, the availability of specimens collected from field and subjectivity based on the character recognition can seriously hamper species identification, and therefore result in inadequate pest management. To overcome this, individuals of Diatraea spp. preliminarily classified male genitalia and obtained from reared conditions and the field (both derived from natural populations occurring in Colombia) were analyzed using genitalic morphometry and molecular biology specifically using a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit II (CO II) mitochondrial gene. Although morphometric analysis did not show any overriding results regarding genitalia morphology, the bioinformatics analyses of CO II sequences resulted in an adequate classification of the individuals within the recognized species. It also, revealed that the occurrence of clades associated with geographical distribution may be associated with cryptic species. The latter was also confirmed by a Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) methodology evaluating the same fragment of CO II. This experimental approach allows properly recognizing each species and in consequence is proposed as an effective tool in Diatraea species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Patricia Barrera
- Centro de investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria CORPOICA, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Fernanda Villamizar
- Centro de investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria CORPOICA, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- AgResearch Ltd. Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Carlos Espinel
- Centro de investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria CORPOICA, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Edgar Mauricio Quintero
- Centro de investigación de la caña de azúcar de Colombia (CENICAÑA), Calle 58 norte No. 3BN-110. Cali, Colombia
| | - Mariano Nicolás Belaich
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular—Área Virosis de Insectos (LIGBCM—AVI), Dto. de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deisy Liseth Toloza
- Centro de investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria CORPOICA, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Pablo Daniel Ghiringhelli
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular—Área Virosis de Insectos (LIGBCM—AVI), Dto. de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán Vargas
- Centro de investigación de la caña de azúcar de Colombia (CENICAÑA), Calle 58 norte No. 3BN-110. Cali, Colombia
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18
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Joyce AL, Sermeno Chicas M, Serrano Cervantes L, Paniagua M, Scheffer SJ, Solis MA. Host-plant associated genetic divergence of two Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) stemborers on novel crop plants. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8632-8644. [PMID: 28031813 PMCID: PMC5167014 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatraea lineolata and Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) are moths with stemboring larvae that feed and develop on economically important grasses. This study investigated whether these moths have diverged from a native host plant, corn, onto introduced crop plants including sorghum, sugarcane, and rice. Diatraea larvae were collected from these four host plants throughout the year in El Salvador and were reared on artificial diet until moths or parasitoids emerged. Adult moths were subsequently identified to species. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) were used to examine whether or not there was genetic divergence of D. lineolata or D. saccharalis populations on the four host plants. Percent parasitism was also determined for each moth on its host plants. D. lineolata was collected from corn in the rainy season and sorghum in the dry season. D. saccharalis was most abundant on sugarcane in the rainy season and sorghum in the dry season. The AFLP analysis found two genetically divergent populations of both D. lineolata and D. saccharalis. Both moths had high levels of parasitism on their dominant host plant in the rainy season, yet had low levels of parasitism on sorghum in the dry season. The presence of two genotypes of both Diatraea spp. on sorghum suggest that host-associated differentiation is occurring on this novel introduced crop plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M Alma Solis
- Systematic Entomology National Museum of Natural History USDA Washington DC USA
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