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Cojocariu I, Carlotto S, Sturmeit HM, Zamborlini G, Cinchetti M, Cossaro A, Verdini A, Floreano L, Jugovac M, Puschnig P, Piamonteze C, Casarin M, Feyer V, Schneider CM. Ferrous to Ferric Transition in Fe-Phthalocyanine Driven by NO 2 Exposure. Chemistry 2021; 27:3526-3535. [PMID: 33264485 PMCID: PMC7898877 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique magnetic properties offered by the open‐shell electronic structure of the central metal ion, and for being an effective catalyst in a wide variety of reactions, iron phthalocyanine has drawn significant interest from the scientific community. Nevertheless, upon surface deposition, the magnetic properties of the molecular layer can be significantly affected by the coupling occurring at the interface, and the more reactive the surface, the stronger is the impact on the spin state. Here, we show that on Cu(100), indeed, the strong hybridization between the Fe d‐states of FePc and the sp‐band of the copper substrate modifies the charge distribution in the molecule, significantly influencing the magnetic properties of the iron ion. The FeII ion is stabilized in the low singlet spin state (S=0), leading to the complete quenching of the molecule magnetic moment. By exploiting the FePc/Cu(100) interface, we demonstrate that NO2 dissociation can be used to gradually change the magnetic properties of the iron ion, by trimming the gas dosage. For lower doses, the FePc film is decoupled from the copper substrate, restoring the gas phase triplet spin state (S=1). A higher dose induces the transition from ferrous to ferric phthalocyanine, in its intermediate spin state, with enhanced magnetic moment due to the interaction with the atomic ligands. Remarkably, in this way, three different spin configurations have been observed within the same metalorganic/metal interface by exposing it to different doses of NO2 at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Cojocariu
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Zamborlini
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Experimentelle Physik VI, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mirko Cinchetti
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Experimentelle Physik VI, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Albano Cossaro
- CNR-IOM, Lab. TASC, S.S. 14, Km. 163,5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Verdini
- CNR-IOM, Lab. TASC, S.S. 14, Km. 163,5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM, Lab. TASC, S.S. 14, Km. 163,5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Jugovac
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Present address: Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), S.S. 14, Km. 163,5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Cinthia Piamonteze
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Vitaliy Feyer
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47047, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Claus Michael Schneider
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47047, Duisburg, Germany
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Carlotto S, Sambi M, Sedona F, Vittadini A, Casarin M. A Theoretical Study of the Occupied and Unoccupied Electronic Structure of High- and Intermediate-Spin Transition Metal Phthalocyaninato (Pc) Complexes: VPc, CrPc, MnPc, and FePc. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010054. [PMID: 33379291 PMCID: PMC7824030 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The structural, electronic, and spectroscopic properties of high- and intermediate-spin transition metal phthalocyaninato complexes (MPc; M = V, Cr, Mn and Fe) have been theoretically investigated to look into the origin, symmetry and strength of the M–Pc bonding. DFT calculations coupled to the Ziegler’s extended transition state method and to an advanced charge density and bond order analysis allowed us to assess that the M–Pc bonding is dominated by σ interactions, with FePc having the strongest and most covalent M–Pc bond. According to experimental evidence, the lightest MPcs (VPc and CrPc) have a high-spin ground state (GS), while the MnPc and FePc GS spin is intermediate. Insights into the MPc unoccupied electronic structure have been gained by modelling M L2,3-edges X-ray absorption spectroscopy data from the literature through the exploitation of the current Density Functional Theory variant of the Restricted Open-Shell Configuration Interaction Singles (DFT/ROCIS) method. Besides the overall agreement between theory and experiment, the DFT/ROCIS results indicate that spectral features lying at the lowest excitation energies (EEs) are systematically generated by electronic states having the same GS spin multiplicity and involving M-based single electronic excitations; just as systematically, the L3-edge higher EE region of all the MPcs herein considered includes electronic states generated by metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer transitions involving the lowest-lying π* orbital (7eg) of the phthalocyaninato ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.S.); (F.S.)
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia (ICMATE-CNR), via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Sedona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Andrea Vittadini
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia (ICMATE-CNR), via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.S.); (F.S.)
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia (ICMATE-CNR), via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (M.C.)
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Carlotto S, Finetti P, de Simone M, Coreno M, Casella G, Sambi M, Casarin M. Comparative Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Fe L 2,3-Edges X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy in Three Highly Popular, Low-Spin Organoiron Complexes: [Fe(CO) 5], [(η 5-C 5H 5)Fe(CO)(μ-CO)] 2, and [(η 5-C 5H 5) 2Fe]. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5844-5857. [PMID: 30998004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The occupied and unoccupied electronic structures of three highly popular, closed shell organoiron complexes ([Fe(CO)5], [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)(μ-CO)]2, and [(η5-C5H5)2Fe]) have been theoretically investigated by taking advantage of density functional theory (DFT) calculations coupled to the isolobal analogy ( Elian et al. Inorg. Chem. 1976 , 15 , 1148 ). The adopted approach allowed us to look into the relative role played by the ligand → Fe donation and the Fe → ligand back-donation in title molecules, as well as to investigate how CO- (terminal or bridging) and [(η5-C5H5)]--based π* orbitals compete when these two ligands are simultaneously present as in [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)(μ-CO)]2. Insights into the nature and the strength of the bonding between Fe and the C donor atoms have been gained by exploiting the Nalewajski-Mrozek bond multiplicity index ( Nalewajski et al. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 1994 , 51 , 187 ), which have been found especially sensitive even to tiny bond distance variations. The bonding picture emerging from ground state DFT results proved fruitful to guide the assignment of original, high-resolution, gas-phase L2,3-edges X-ray absorption spectra of the title molecules, which have been modeled by the two-component relativistic time-dependent DFT including spin orbit coupling and correlation effects and taking advantage of the full use of symmetry. Assignments alternative to those reported in the literature for both [Fe(CO)5] and [(η5-C5H5)2Fe] are herein proposed. Despite the high popularity of the investigated molecules, the complementary use of symmetry, orbital, and spectroscopy allowed us to further look into the metal-ligand symmetry-restricted-covalency and the differential-orbital covalency, which characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Francesco Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Paola Finetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Metodi dell'Ingegneria , Università di Modena , Via Università 4 , 41121 Modena , Italy
| | | | | | - Girolamo Casella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 22 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Francesco Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Francesco Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy.,CNR - ICMATE , Via Francesco Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
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Carlotto S, Mohebbi E, Sedona F, Lo Cicero M, Colazzo L, Mariani C, Betti MG, Sambi M, Casarin M. An experimental and theoretical study of metallorganic coordination networks of tetrahydroxyquinone on Cu(111). NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04884g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT modeling of STM and XAS evidences investigated the adsorption of THQ@Cu(111) that generates different ordered configurations at different temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Elaheh Mohebbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Francesco Sedona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Matteo Lo Cicero
- A.P.E. Research S.r.l
- AREA Science Park
- Basovizza
- 34149 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Luciano Colazzo
- Department of Physics
- EwhaWomans University
- Seoul 03760
- Republic of Korea
| | - Carlo Mariani
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”
- I-00185 Roma
- Italy
| | | | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Unità di Ricerca di Padova
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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