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Pirrone GF, Munsell EV, Ferguson HM, Al-Sayah MA, Luthra SA, Makarov AA. Automated High-Throughput Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Methodology for Formulation Assessment of Polyethylene-Glycol-Conjugated Cytokine Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2778-2782. [PMID: 37478972 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological therapeutics are major contributors to the pharmaceutical pipeline and continue to grow in sales and scope. Additionally, the field's understanding of cancer biology has advanced such that biopharmaceuticals can harness the power of the immune system for oncology treatments. Several of these novel therapeutics are engineered versions of naturally occurring proteins designed to improve therapeutic properties including potency, target engagement and half-life extension. Cytokines, such as interferons and interleukins, are a broad class of signaling proteins which modulate the body's immune response; engineered cytokines have entered the clinic as promising new immuno-oncology therapies. While these therapies hold great promise, their additional structural complexity introduces analytical challenges, and traditional analytical platforms may be ill-suited to effectively assess product development risks. Further, the pharmaceutical industry relies on streamlining approaches for high-throughput experimentation to achieve speed and efficiency for the discovery and development of new modalities. These demands necessitate the use of state-of-the-art techniques to rapidly characterize these new modalities and guide process development and optimization. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a rapid, sensitive and automatable technique amenable for high-throughput analysis of proteins. In this work, we have developed an automated MALDI-MS platform to prepare, acquire and analyze molecular degradation in engineered PEGylated cytokines formulation samples. This orthogonal technique integrated seamlessly with current developability risk assessment workflows, ultimately enabling selection of a final formulation strategy for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory F Pirrone
- Merck & Co., Inc., Analytical Research & Development, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Erik V Munsell
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heidi M Ferguson
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad A Al-Sayah
- Merck & Co., Inc., Analytical Research & Development, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suman A Luthra
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexey A Makarov
- Merck & Co., Inc., Analytical Research & Development, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Mukherjee D, Trigo-Mouriño P, Jiang Y, Nowak T, Shchurik V, Adpressa DA, Louie MT, Reynolds SR, Hohn MJ, Al-Sayah MA, Pirrone GF, Makarov AA. Rapid antibody conformational screening by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2055-2063. [PMID: 35108448 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of cancer biology have accelerated the discovery and development of novel biopharmaceuticals. At the forefront of these drug development efforts are high-throughput screening, compressed timelines and limited sample quantities, all characteristic of the discovery space. To meet program targets, large numbers of protein variants must be produced, screened, and characterized, presenting a daunting analytical challenge. Additionally, higher-order structure is paramount for protein function and must be monitored as a critical quality attribute. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization MS has been utilized as an ultra-fast, automatable, sample-sparing analytical tool for biomolecules. Our group has published applications integrating Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange MS with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization MS for the rapid conformational characterization of small proteins, the current work expands this application to monoclonal and bi-specific antibodies. This study demonstrates the ability of the methodology Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange MS to detect conformational differences between bi-specific antibodies from different expression host. These conformational differences were validated by orthogonal techniques including Circular Dichroism, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Size-Exclusion Chromatography Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange MS. This work demonstrates the utility of applying the developed methodology as a rapid conformational screening tool to triage samples for further analytical characterization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopreeti Mukherjee
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pablo Trigo-Mouriño
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Nowak
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir Shchurik
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Donovon A Adpressa
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Hohn
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Gregory F Pirrone
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexey A Makarov
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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3
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Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies by Capillary Electrophoresis: Sample Preparation, Separation, and Detection. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are dominating the biopharmaceutical field due to the fact of their high specificity in the treatment of diverse diseases. Nevertheless, mAbs are very complex glycoproteins exhibiting several macro- and microheterogeneities that may affect their safety, quality, and efficacy. This complexity is very challenging for mAbs development, formulation, and quality control. To tackle the quality issue, a combination of multiple analytical approaches is necessary. In this perspective, capillary electrophoresis has gained considerable interest over the last decade due to the fact of its complementary features to chromatographic approaches. This review provides an overview of the strategies of mAbs and derivatives analysis by capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to ultraviolet, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry detection. The main sample preparation approaches used for mAb analytical characterization (i.e., intact, middle-up/down, and bottom-up) are detailed. The different electrophoretic modes used as well as integrated analysis approaches (sample preparation and separation) are critically discussed.
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Révész Á, Rokob TA, Jeanne Dit Fouque D, Hüse D, Háda V, Turiák L, Memboeuf A, Vékey K, Drahos L. Optimal Collision Energies and Bioinformatics Tools for Efficient Bottom-up Sequence Validation of Monoclonal Antibodies. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13128-13135. [PMID: 31518108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rigorous validation of amino acid sequence is fundamental in the characterization of original and biosimilar protein biopharmaceuticals. Widely accepted workflows are based on bottom-up mass spectrometry, and they often require multiple techniques and significant manual work. Here, we demonstrate that optimization of a set of tandem mass spectroscopy (MS/MS) collision energies and automated combination of all available information in the measurements can increase the sequence validated by one technique close to the inherent limits. We created a software (called "Serac") that consumes results of the Mascot database search engine and identifies the amino acids validated by bottom-up MS/MS experiments using the most rigorous, industrially acceptable definition of sequence coverage (we term this "confirmed sequence coverage"). The software can combine spectra at the level of amino acids or fragment ions to exploit complementarity, provides full transparency to justify validation, and reduces manual effort. With its help, we investigated collision energy dependence of confirmed sequence coverage of individual peptides and full proteins on trypsin-digested monoclonal antibody samples (rituximab and trastuzumab). We found the energy dependence to be modest, but we demonstrated the benefit of using spectra taken at multiple energies. We describe a workflow based on 2-3 LC-MS/MS runs, carefully selected collision energies, and a fragment ion level combination, which yields ∼85% confirmed sequence coverage, 25%-30% above that from a basic proteomics protocol. Further increase can mainly be expected from alternative digestion enzymes or fragmentation techniques, which can be seamlessly integrated to the processing, thereby allowing effortless validation of full sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Révész
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar Tudósok körútja 2 , H-1117 , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tibor András Rokob
- Theoretical Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar Tudósok körútja 2 , H-1117 , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dany Jeanne Dit Fouque
- UMR CNRS 6521, CEMCA , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 Av. Le Gorgeu , 29238 Brest Cedex 3 , France
| | - Dániel Hüse
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology , Gedeon Richter Plc , POB 27, H-1475 Budapest 10 , Hungary
| | - Viktor Háda
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology , Gedeon Richter Plc , POB 27, H-1475 Budapest 10 , Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar Tudósok körútja 2 , H-1117 , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Antony Memboeuf
- UMR CNRS 6521, CEMCA , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 Av. Le Gorgeu , 29238 Brest Cedex 3 , France
| | - Károly Vékey
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar Tudósok körútja 2 , H-1117 , Budapest , Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar Tudósok körútja 2 , H-1117 , Budapest , Hungary
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5
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Insights from capillary electrophoresis approaches for characterization of monoclonal antibodies and antibody drug conjugates in the period 2016–2018. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1122-1123:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Gahoual R, Leize-Wagner E, Houzé P, François YN. Revealing the potential of capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry: the tipping point. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33 Suppl 1:11-19. [PMID: 30022554 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (CE/MS) remains a minor technique compared with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), which represents nowadays the standard instrumentation, regardless of its introduction thirty years ago. However, from a theoretical point of view, CE coupling should be quite favorable especially with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). At the time, the sensitivity provided by CE/MS was often limited, due to hyphenation requirements, which at some point appeared to disqualify CE/MS from benefiting from the performance gain driving the evolution of MS instruments. However, this context has been significantly modified in a matter of a few years. The development of innovative CE/MS interfacing systems has enabled an important improvement regarding sensitivity and reinforced robustness in order to provide an instrumentation accessible to the largest scientific community. Because of the unique selectivity delivered by the electrophoretic separation, CE/MS has proved to be particularly relevant for the analysis of biological molecules. The conjunction of these aspects is motivating the interest in CE/MS analysis and shows that CE/MS is mature enough to enrich the toolbox of analytical techniques for the analysis of complex biological samples. Here we discuss the characteristics of the major types of high-sensitivity CE/ESI-MS instrumentation and emphasize the late evolution and future positioning of CE/MS analysis for the characterization of biological molecules like peptides and proteins, through some pertinent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabah Gahoual
- Unité de Technologies Biologiques et Chimiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), Paris 5-CNRS UMR8258 Inserm U1022, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse des interactions et des systèmes (LSMIS), Unistra-CNRS UMR7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Houzé
- Unité de Technologies Biologiques et Chimiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), Paris 5-CNRS UMR8258 Inserm U1022, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse des interactions et des systèmes (LSMIS), Unistra-CNRS UMR7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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8
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Advances in capillary electrophoresis for the life sciences. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:116-136. [PMID: 31035134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) played an important role in developments in the life sciences. The technique is nowadays used for the analysis of both large and small molecules in applications where it performs better than or is complementary to liquid chromatographic techniques. In this review, principles of different electromigration techniques, especially capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), capillary gel (CGE) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), are described and recent developments in instrumentation, with an emphasis on mass spectrometry (MS) coupling and microchip CE, are discussed. The role of CE in the life sciences is shown with applications in which it had a high impact over the past few decades. In this context, current practice for the characterization of biopharmaceuticals (therapeutic proteins) is shown with CIEF, CGE and CZE using different detection techniques, including MS. Subsequently, the application of CGE and CZE, in combination with laser induced fluorescence detection and CZE-MS are demonstrated for the analysis of protein-released glycans in the characterization of biopharmaceuticals and glycan biomarker discovery in biological samples. Special attention is paid to developments in capillary coatings and derivatization strategies for glycans. Finally, routine CE analysis in clinical chemistry and latest developments in metabolomics approaches for the profiling of small molecules in biological samples are discussed. The large number of CE applications published for these topics in recent years clearly demonstrates the established role of CE in life sciences.
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9
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electrophoresis in proteomics and peptidomics (2015-mid 2018). J Sep Sci 2018; 42:398-414. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czechia
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czechia
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10
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Stolz A, Jooß K, Höcker O, Römer J, Schlecht J, Neusüß C. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: Instrumentation, methodology and applications. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:79-112. [PMID: 30260009 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers fast and high-resolution separation of charged analytes from small injection volumes. Coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), it represents a powerful analytical technique providing (exact) mass information and enables molecular characterization based on fragmentation. Although hyphenation of CE and MS is not straightforward, much emphasis has been placed on enabling efficient ionization and user-friendly coupling. Though several interfaces are now commercially available, research on more efficient and robust interfacing with nano-electrospray ionization (ESI), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP) continues with considerable results. At the same time, CE-MS has been used in many fields, predominantly for the analysis of proteins, peptides and metabolites. This review belongs to a series of regularly published articles, summarizing 248 articles covering the time between June 2016 and May 2018. Latest developments on hyphenation of CE with MS as well as instrumental developments such as two-dimensional separation systems with MS detection are mentioned. Furthermore, applications of various CE-modes including capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) coupled to MS in biological, pharmaceutical and environmental research are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Jooß
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Höcker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Römer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schlecht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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11
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Mikšík I. Coupling of CE-MS for protein and peptide analysis. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:385-397. [PMID: 30238606 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The review is focused on the latest developments in the analysis of proteins and peptides by capillary electrophoresis techniques coupled to mass spectrometry. First, the methodology and instrumentation are overviewed. In this section, recent progress in capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry interfaces and capillary electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization is mentioned, as well as separation tasks. The second part is devoted to applications-mainly bottom-up and top-down proteomics. It is obvious that capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry methods are well suited for peptide and protein analysis (proteomic research) and it is described how these techniques are complementary and not competitive with the often used liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mikšík
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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12
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Lu G, Crihfield CL, Gattu S, Veltri LM, Holland LA. Capillary Electrophoresis Separations of Glycans. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7867-7885. [PMID: 29528644 PMCID: PMC6135675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis has emerged as a powerful approach for carbohydrate analyses since 2014. The method provides high resolution capable of separating carbohydrates by charge-to-size ratio. Principle applications are heavily focused on N-glycans, which are highly relevant to biological therapeutics and biomarker research. Advances in techniques used for N-glycan structural identification include migration time indexing and exoglycosidase and lectin profiling, as well as mass spectrometry. Capillary electrophoresis methods have been developed that are capable of separating glycans with the same monosaccharide sequence but different positional isomers, as well as determining whether monosaccharides composing a glycan are alpha or beta linked. Significant applications of capillary electrophoresis to the analyses of N-glycans in biomarker discovery and biological therapeutics are emphasized with a brief discussion included on carbohydrate analyses of glycosaminoglycans and mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides relevant to food and plant products. Innovative, emerging techniques in the field are highlighted and the future direction of the technology is projected based on the significant contributions of capillary electrophoresis to glycoscience from 2014 to the present as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lu
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Cassandra L. Crihfield
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Srikanth Gattu
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lindsay M. Veltri
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lisa A. Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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14
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Goyon A, Francois YN, Colas O, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. High-resolution separation of monoclonal antibodies mixtures and their charge variants by an alternative and generic CZE method. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2083-2090. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Goyon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Yannis Nicolas Francois
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS); Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Olivier Colas
- IRPF; Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre; Saint-Julien-en-Genevois; France
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF; Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre; Saint-Julien-en-Genevois; France
| | - Jean Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
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15
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2015-mid 2017). Electrophoresis 2017; 39:209-234. [PMID: 28836681 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review brings a comprehensive overview of recent developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) to analysis, microscale isolation, purification, and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides in the years 2015, 2016, and ca. up to the middle of 2017. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis (sample preseparation, preconcentration and derivatization, adsorption suppression and EOF control, and detection) are described. New developments in particular CE and CEC methods are presented and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are reported: qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC methods to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Jiang Y, He MY, Zhang WJ, Luo P, Guo D, Fang X, Xu W. Recent advances of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry instrumentation and methodology. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Padhan N, Yan J, Boge A, Scrivener E, Birgisson H, Zieba A, Gullberg M, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Claesson-Welsh L, Landegren U. Highly sensitive and specific protein detection via combined capillary isoelectric focusing and proximity ligation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1490. [PMID: 28473697 PMCID: PMC5431457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and quantification of proteins and their post-translational modifications are crucial to decipher functions of complex protein networks in cell biology and medicine. Capillary isoelectric focusing together with antibody-based detection can resolve and identify proteins and their isoforms with modest sample input. However, insufficient sensitivity prevents detection of proteins present at low concentrations and antibody cross-reactivity results in unspecific detection that cannot be distinguished from bona fide protein isoforms. By using DNA-conjugated antibodies enhanced signals can be obtained via rolling circle amplification (RCA). Both sensitivity and specificity can be greatly improved in assays dependent on target recognition by pairs of antibodies using in situ proximity ligation assays (PLA). Here we applied these DNA-assisted RCA techniques in capillary isoelectric focusing to resolve endogenous signaling transducers and isoforms along vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways at concentrations too low to be detected in standard assays. We also demonstrate background rejection and enhanced specificity when protein detection depended on binding by pairs of antibodies using in situ PLA, compared to assays where each antibody preparation was used on its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Padhan
- Uppsala University, Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, 751 08 Uppsala (JY, AZ, MKM, UL), Rudbeck Laboratory 751 85, Uppsala, (NP, LCW), Sweden
| | - Junhong Yan
- Uppsala University, Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, 751 08 Uppsala (JY, AZ, MKM, UL), Rudbeck Laboratory 751 85, Uppsala, (NP, LCW), Sweden. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Annegret Boge
- ProteinSimple, 3001 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California, 95134, USA
| | - Elaine Scrivener
- ProteinSimple, 3001 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California, 95134, USA
| | - Helgi Birgisson
- Uppsala University, Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, entrance 70, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agata Zieba
- Uppsala University, Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, 751 08 Uppsala (JY, AZ, MKM, UL), Rudbeck Laboratory 751 85, Uppsala, (NP, LCW), Sweden
| | - Mats Gullberg
- Olink Bioscience, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 52B, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Uppsala University, Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, 751 08 Uppsala (JY, AZ, MKM, UL), Rudbeck Laboratory 751 85, Uppsala, (NP, LCW), Sweden
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Uppsala University, Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, 751 08 Uppsala (JY, AZ, MKM, UL), Rudbeck Laboratory 751 85, Uppsala, (NP, LCW), Sweden
| | - Ulf Landegren
- Uppsala University, Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, 751 08 Uppsala (JY, AZ, MKM, UL), Rudbeck Laboratory 751 85, Uppsala, (NP, LCW), Sweden.
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18
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Biacchi M, Said N, Beck A, Leize-Wagner E, François YN. Top-down and middle-down approach by fraction collection enrichment using off-line capillary electrophoresis – mass spectrometry coupling: Application to monoclonal antibody F c/2 charge variants. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Týčová A, Ledvina V, Klepárník K. Recent advances in CE-MS coupling: Instrumentation, methodology, and applications. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:115-134. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Týčová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Ledvina
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klepárník
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
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20
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Recent applications of capillary electromigration methods to separation and analysis of proteins. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 933:23-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Cutting-edge capillary electrophoresis characterization of monoclonal antibodies and related products. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:61-78. [PMID: 27265157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Out of all categories, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), biosimilar, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and Fc-fusion proteins attract the most interest due to their strong therapeutic potency and specificity. Because of their intrinsic complexity due to a large number of micro-heterogeneities, there is a crucial need of analytical methods to provide comprehensive in-depth characterization of these molecules. CE presents some obvious benefits as high resolution separation and miniaturized format to be widely applied to the analysis of biopharmaceuticals. CE is an effective method for the separation of proteins at different levels. capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) have been particularly relevant for the characterization of size and charge variants of intact and reduced mAbs, while CE-MS appears to be a promising analytical tool to assess the primary structure of mAbs and related products. This review will be dedicated to detail the current and state-of-the-art CE-based methods for the characterization of mAbs and related products.
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22
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Beck A, Terral G, Debaene F, Wagner-Rousset E, Marcoux J, Janin-Bussat MC, Colas O, Van Dorsselaer A, Cianférani S. Cutting-edge mass spectrometry methods for the multi-level structural characterization of antibody-drug conjugates. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:157-83. [PMID: 26653789 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1132167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are highly cytotoxic drugs covalently attached via conditionally stable linkers to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and are among the most promising next-generation empowered biologics for cancer treatment. ADCs are more complex than naked mAbs, as the heterogeneity of the conjugates adds to the inherent microvariability of the biomolecules. The development and optimization of ADCs rely on improving their analytical and bioanalytical characterization by assessing several critical quality attributes, namely the distribution and position of the drug, the amount of naked antibody, the average drug to antibody ratio, and the residual drug-linker and related product proportions. Here brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) and trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla), the first and gold-standard hinge-cysteine and lysine drug conjugates, respectively, were chosen to develop new mass spectrometry (MS) methods and to improve multiple-level structural assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Guillaume Terral
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - François Debaene
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Julien Marcoux
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Olivier Colas
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
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23
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Characterization of cetuximab Fc/2 dimers by off-line CZE-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 908:168-76. [PMID: 26826699 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics attract the largest concern due to their strong therapeutic potency and specificity. The Fc region of mAbs is common to many new biotherapeutics as biosimilar, antibody drug conjugate or fusion protein. Fc region has consequences for Fc-mediated effector functions that might be desirable for therapeutic applications. As a consequence, there is a continuous need for improvement of analytical methods to enable fast and accurate characterization of biotherapeutics. Capillary zone electrophoresis-Mass spectrometry couplings (CZE-MS) appear really attractive methods for the characterization of biological samples. In this report, we used CZE-MS systems developed in house and native MS infusion to allow precise middle-up characterization of Fc/2 variant of cetuximab. Molecular weights were measured for three Fc/2 charge variants detected in the CZE separation of cetuximab subunits. Two Fc/2 C-terminal lysine variants were identified and separated. As the aim is to understand the presence of three peaks in the CZE separation for two Fc/2 subunits, we developed a strategy using CZE-UV/MALDI-MS and CZE-UV/ESI-MS to evaluate the role of N-glycosylation and C-terminal lysine truncation on the CZE separation. The chemical structure of N-glycosylation expressed on the Fc region of cetuximab does not influence CZE separation while C-terminal lysine is significantly influencing separation. In addition, native MS infusion demonstrated the characterization of Fc/2 dimers at pH 5.7 and 6.8 and the first separation of these dimers using CZE-MS.
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24
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Fekete S, Guillarme D, Sandra P, Sandra K. Chromatographic, Electrophoretic, and Mass Spectrometric Methods for the Analytical Characterization of Protein Biopharmaceuticals. Anal Chem 2015; 88:480-507. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pat Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koen Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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25
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2013-middle 2015). Electrophoresis 2015; 37:162-88. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
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26
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electrophoresis in proteomic and peptidomic analyses. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:198-211. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
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27
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Biacchi M, Gahoual R, Said N, Beck A, Leize-Wagner E, François YN. Glycoform Separation and Characterization of Cetuximab Variants by Middle-up Off-Line Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-UV/Electrospray Ionization-MS. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6240-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Biacchi
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Nassur Said
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois 74164, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
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28
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Tamizi E, Jouyban A. The potential of the capillary electrophoresis techniques for quality control of biopharmaceuticals-A review. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:831-58. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Tamizi
- Biotechnology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmacy Faculty and Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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