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Wang B, Li M, Gao H, Sun X, Gao B, Zhang Y, Yu L. Chemical composition of tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenosides and their suppression on inflammatory response by NF-κB/MAPKs/AP-1 signaling pathways. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1197-1207. [PMID: 32148825 PMCID: PMC7020333 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of gypenosides isolated from tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) leaves were investigated. The gypenosides accounted for 7.43 mg/g of the tested GP sample, which were composed of four major saponins including isomers of gypenoside 1 and 2 (C47H76O18), 3 (C47H76O17), and 4 (C46H74O17). Pretreatment of gypenosides reduced mRNA expressions of the proinflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, such as IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. The secreted protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, and NO production were also decreased by gypenosides within the concentration range of 50-200 μg/ml. Moreover, the mechanism studies demonstrated that gypenosides (200 μg/ml) treatment significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein 1 (c-Fos and c-Jun) through down-regulating the phosphorylation of their upstream IκB kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), especially that of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular regulated protein kinase(JNK and ERK), but not that of the p38 MAPK. These results suggested that the gypenosides might have potential anti-inflammatory effect and use for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Food Science & EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Food Science & EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hang Gao
- Department of Food Science & EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Food Science & EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Boyan Gao
- Department of Food Science & EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Department of Food Science & EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
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Zheng L, Zhu X, Yang K, Zhu M, Farooqi AA, Kang D, Sun M, Xu Y, Lin X, Feng Y, Liang F, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. PBN11-8, a Cytotoxic Polypeptide Purified from Marine Bacillus, Suppresses Invasion and Migration of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase Pathways. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10091043. [PMID: 30960968 PMCID: PMC6403900 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of antitumor drugs has attracted cancer researchers and the identification of novel antitumor lead compounds is certainly of great interest. The fermentation broth of Bacillus sp. N11-8, which was isolated from the Antarctic waters, showed cytotoxicity towards different cells. A cytotoxic polypeptide, PBN11-8, was purified from the fermentation broth of Bacillus sp. N11-8 using ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cloning and sequence analysis showed that PBN11-8 polypeptide (MW: ~19 kDa by the electrospray-ionization (ESI)) displayed high similarity with peptidase M84 from Bacillus pumilus. PBN11-8 possessed moderate cytotoxicity towards several cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 1.56, 1.80, 1.57, and 1.73 µg/mL against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line BEL-7402, human renal clear cell adenocarcinoma cell line 786-0, human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2, and human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-28, respectively. Moreover, the polypeptide displayed weak cytotoxicity towards normal cell line renal tubular epithelial cell line HK2 and human normal liver cell line L02 cells. Wound healing migration and Transwell experiments demonstrate that PBN11-8 could inhibit the migration and invasion of BEL-7402. Further investigation revealed that PBN11-8 suppresses focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated adhesion, migration, and invasion by disturbing FAK/extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling and matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in BEL-7402 cells. Thus, PBN11-8 represents a potential novel anti-cancer lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhong Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiangjie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Kangli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Meihong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Daole Kang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Mi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yixin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yingang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Fangfang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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