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Kallio M, Tornivuori A, Miettinen PJ, Kolho KL, Relas H, Culnane E, Loftus H, Sawyer SM, Kosola S. Health-related quality of life and self-reported health status in adolescents with chronic health conditions before transfer of care to adult health care: an international cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:163. [PMID: 38459510 PMCID: PMC10921592 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heath-related quality of life (HRQoL) is lower in adolescents with chronic health conditions compared to healthy peers. While there is evidence of some differences according to the underlying condition and gender, differences by measure and country are poorly understood. In this study we focus on the differences in HRQoL in adolescents with various chronic medical conditions in the year before transfer of care to adult health services. We also study the associations of two different HRQoL measurements to each other and to self-reported health. METHODS We recruited 538 adolescents from New Children`s Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, and the Royal Children`s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia in 2017-2020. We used two validated HRQoL measurement instruments, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and 16D, and a visual analog scale (VAS) for self-reported health status. RESULTS In total, 512 adolescents (50.4% female, mean age 17.8 [SD 1.2] years), completed the survey measures. Higher HRQoL was reported in males than females in both countries (PedsQL 79.4 vs. 74.1; 16D 0.888 vs. 0.846), and in adolescents from Finland than Australia (80.6 vs. 72.2 and 0.905 vs. 0.825, p < 0.001 for all). Adolescents with diabetes, rheumatological, nephrological conditions and/or organ transplants had higher HRQoL than adolescents with neurological conditions or other disease syndromes (p < 0.001). PedsQL and 16D scores showed a strong correlation to each other (Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.81). Using the 7-point VAS (1-7), 52% (248 of 479) considered their health status to be good (6-7) and 10% (48 of 479) rated it poor (1-2). Better self-reported health was associated with higher HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS The HRQoL of transition aged adolescents varies between genders, diagnostic groups, and countries of residence. The association between self-reported health and HRQoL suggests that brief assessment using the VAS could identify adolescents who may benefit from in-depth HRQoL evaluation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration name The Bridge and registration number NCT04631965 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04631965 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Kallio
- Department of Pediatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anna Tornivuori
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi J Miettinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Department of Pediatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Relas
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Evelyn Culnane
- Transition Support Service, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hayley Loftus
- Transition Support Service, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Silja Kosola
- Department of Pediatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovations, Western Uusimaa Wellbeing Services County, Espoo, Finland
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Dong F, Kern I, Weidner J, Kügler K, Rothe U, Amin M, Laaß MW, Flemming G, Winkler U, Richter T, Kugler J, Manuwald U. Clinical course of new-onset Crohn's disease in children and adolescents in dependency of age, initial location, initial severity level and therapy over the period 2000-2014 based on the Saxon Pediatric IBD-Registry in Germany. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287860. [PMID: 37384664 PMCID: PMC10309614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Saxony, the incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) in children and adolescents increased significantly from 3.3 per 100,000 person-years in 2000 to 5.1 in 2014. The aim of this study was to describe the initial characteristics and the clinical course of CD in children and adolescents and to identify drug treatment options associated with an advantage for a mild course or remission. METHODS Clinical data were collected from patients who suffered from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and were recruited in the Saxon Pediatric IBD-Registry. All children newly diagnosed with CD in this registry in Saxony between 2000 and 2014 were included in this registry study. Characteristics such as age, disease location and extra-intestinal manifestations at diagnosis were accessed. The severity level of the disease at diagnosis as well as at follow-up were analysed by PCDAI index. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to length of follow-up: 1-3 years, 4-6 years and 7-9 years after diagnosis. A logistic regression model was conducted to examine which baseline parameters are associated with disease progression. RESULTS There were 338 children and adolescents with CD included in this registry study. At diagnosis, the median age of patients was 12.0 (0.7-14.9), 61.5% (n = 208) of the patients were male. The most common disease location observed in pediatric CD patients was the L3 (55%, n = 176). Patients aged 10-14 years were significantly more likely to present an L2 than patients aged 0-4 years (80.3%, n = 53 vs. 19.7%, n = 13, p = 0.01). During the follow-up, data from 71.3% (n = 241) othe patients were available. Disease activity measured by PCDAI decreased in 47.7% (n = 115) of the patients, 40.7% (n = 98) of the patients were stable and increased in 11.6% (n = 28) of the patients. Patients with intermediate/severe disease at onset were more likely to have an active disease at the end of follow up, too (p = 0.00). Logistic regression analysis of the initial characteristics showed that the age at diagnosis, gender, initial location and initial extra-intestinal manifestation are not associated with the progression of the disease (p>0.05). Furthermore, drug treatment options could be identified from our data, which are associated with benefits for a milder course or remission. CONCLUSION From 2000 to 2014, the health status of most pediatric patients with CD had improved or remained stable. Initial characteristics including age at diagnosis, initial localization and initial extra-intestinal manifestation are not associated with the progression of the disease, only the initial activity by PCDAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Dong
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ivana Kern
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Weidner
- Center for Medical Informatics, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Makan Amin
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department for Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Hospital “Park-Klinik Weissensee”, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin W. Laaß
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Faculty of Medicine “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunter Flemming
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Winkler
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Hospital Bautzen, Oberlausitz-Kliniken gGmbH, Bautzen, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Kugler
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulf Manuwald
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Cui GX, Zulqarnain M, Lou QF, Shen HZ, Lyu W, Wang X, Huang H, Mohamoud Abdi H, Gu L, Fang S, Liu F, Ling L, Huang Y, Chu L, Saeed S. First human case report of Crohn's disease with coexistent acute appendicitis treated by endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1171463. [PMID: 37359012 PMCID: PMC10288840 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1171463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coexistence of Crohn's disease (CD) and acute appendicitis (AA) is rare. In this situation, therapeutic experience is lacking and the strategy is paradoxical and intractable. Appendectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of AA whereas a nonsurgical approach is recommended for CD. Case summary A 17-year-old boy was hospitalized for right lower abdominal pain with fever of 3 days. He had the CD for 8 years. Two years ago, he underwent surgery for anal fistula with the complication of CD. His temperature was elevated at 38.3°C at admission. On physical examination, there was McBurney tenderness with mild rebound tenderness. Abdominal ultrasonography showed that the appendix was notably enlarged and dilated at 6.34 cm long and 2.76 cm wide. These findings were suggestive of uncomplicated AA in this patient with active CD. Endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) was performed. The patient had complete pain relief immediately after the procedure without tenderness in the right lower abdomen. During 18 mo follow-up, he had no more attacks in his right lower abdomen. Conclusion ERAT was effective and safe in a CD patient with coexisting AA. Such cases can avoid surgery and its-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-xing Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Zulqarnain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-feng Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-zhang Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hamse Mohamoud Abdi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqian Ling
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linglin Chu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Saboor Saeed
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Enhanced Recovery Care versus Traditional Care after Surgery in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092209. [PMID: 36140310 PMCID: PMC9496233 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the outcomes of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) surgery. Children who underwent surgery for IBD at two academic referral centers from January 2016 to June 2021 were included. Preoperative counseling, early enteral feeding (Impact®, Nestlé Health Science, and early mobilization were all part of the ERAS protocol. The outcomes (timing of first defecation, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay (LOS)) were compared to traditional perioperative regimens (non-ERAS group). Thirty-three children who had 61 abdominal surgeries for IBD were included. Forty (65.5%) surgical procedures were included in the non-ERAS group, and 21 (34.5%) were included in the ERAS group. The postoperative complication rate was significantly lower in the ERAS group than in the non-ERAS group (29.6% vs. 55%, p = 0.049). The first defecation occurred earlier in the ERAS group than in the non-ERAS group (p < 0.001). There was no significant intergroup difference in the LOS. The implementation of ERAS in pediatric IBD surgery resulted in better outcomes than traditional perioperative care, especially in terms of postoperative complication rate and bowel function recovery. Further pediatric studies are needed to validate these findings and support ERAS application in children.
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Sohouli MH, Fatahi S, Farahmand F, Alimadadi H, Seraj SS, Rohani P. Meta-analysis: efficacy of exclusive enteral nutrition as induction therapy on disease activity index, inflammation and growth factors in paediatric Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:384-395. [PMID: 35748390 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of inconsistency in sequelae of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) as induction therapy in paediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD). AIM To investigate the potential effects of EEN on paediatric Crohn's disease activity index (PCDAI), inflammation and biochemical parameters in paediatric patients with CD. METHODS We performed a comprehensive systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Embase until 8 January 2022 regardless of the time of publication or language. Random-effects model was applied to combine the datasets. The main outcomes were analysed through mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Forty six studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled findings indicated that PCDAI score (MD of -27.24; 95% CI -31.84 to -22.64), calprotectin (MD of -842.83 mg/kg; CI -1018.24 to -667.42), CRP (pooled MD of -2.36 mg/dl; CI -2.68 to -2.03), and ESR (MD of -21.09 mm/h; CI -23.79 to -18.38), albumin (MD of 0.65 g/dl; CI 0.58 to 0.72), haemoglobin (MD of 1.12 g/dl; CI 0.87 to 1.37), weight (MD of 4.30 kg; CI 3.39 to 5.22), and height (MD of 0.98 cm; CI 0.35 to 1.62) improved significantly with EEN. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to EEN can have significant, beneficial effects as induction therapy in paediatric patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farahmand
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Alimadadi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaikh Sanjid Seraj
- Department of Surgery, Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust, Walsall, UK
| | - Pejman Rohani
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wedenoja S, Saarikivi A, Mälkönen J, Leskinen S, Lehto M, Adeshara K, Tuokkola J, Nikkonen A, Merras-Salmio L, Höyhtyä M, Hörkkö S, Haaramo A, Salonen A, de Vos WM, Korpela K, Kolho KL. Fecal microbiota in congenital chloride diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269561. [PMID: 35679312 PMCID: PMC9182261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Subjects with congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD; a defect in solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3)) are prone to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated fecal microbiota in CLD and CLD-associated IBD. We also tested whether microbiota is modulated by supplementation with the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. Subjects and methods We recruited 30 patients with CLD for an observational 3-week follow-up study. Thereafter, 16 consented to oral butyrate substitution for a 3-week observational period. Fecal samples, collected once a week, were assayed for calprotectin and potential markers of inflammation, and studied by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing and compared to that of 19 healthy controls and 43 controls with Crohn’s disease. Data on intestinal symptoms, diet and quality of life were collected. Results Patients with CLD had increased abundances of Proteobacteria, Veillonella, and Prevotella, and lower abundances of normally dominant taxa Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae when compared with healthy controls and Crohn´s disease. No major differences in fecal microbiota were found between CLD and CLD-associated IBD (including two with yet untreated IBD). Butyrate was poorly tolerated and showed no major effects on fecal microbiota or biomarkers in CLD. Conclusions Fecal microbiota in CLD is different from that of healthy subjects or Crohn´s disease. Unexpectedly, no changes in the microbiota or fecal markers characterized CLD-associated IBD, an entity with high frequency among patients with CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Wedenoja
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Saarikivi
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Mälkönen
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Leskinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krishna Adeshara
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jetta Tuokkola
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Nikkonen
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Merras-Salmio
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miikka Höyhtyä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu Haaramo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Long-Term Follow-up and Predictors of Complicated Disease Behavior in Pediatric Crohn's Disease Patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:471-475. [PMID: 34984988 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying predictors of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) outcome in order to optimize individual patient management in has become an important goal. We aimed to describe the long-term outcome of pediatric Crohn disease (CD) patients and identify risk factors for complicated behavior. METHODS Pediatric CD patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2014, with long-term follow-up were included. Baseline data; age, gender, weight/height/BMI percentiles, and family history of IBD. Disease characteristics (Paris classification), laboratory testing, imaging and treatment were documented. Outcome data; evidence of stricturing or penetrating disease, hospitalizations, surgical intervention, malignancies, and mortality. RESULTS Of 93 patients included, mean age at diagnosis 13.5 (±3.2), 51 (55%) male, median follow-up 10.3 years (±4 SD(. Disease location at diagnosis: 29 (31.2%) distal ileum, 17 (18.3%) colonic, 40 (43.0%) ileo-colonic. Seven (7.5%) had upper gastrointestinal and 36 (38.7%) perianal involvement. Behavior at diagnosis, 68 (73.1%) inflammatory (B1), and 25 (26.9%) complicated [(B2 (stricturing) and/or B3 (penetrating)]. Twenty (23.2%) of B1 evolved to B2 and/or B3, thus by the end of follow-up 45 (48.4%) had complicated behavior. Sixty-seven (72%) were hospitalized, 20 (21.5%) underwent surgery, two developed malignancy with no mortalities. In a logistic regression model, growth delay (hazard ratio [HR], 5.02 [1.10-22.85], P = 0.037) and low albumin levels (HR, 3.97 [1.32-11.97], P = 0.014) at diagnosis were predictors of complicated disease in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Over a quarter of pediatric Crohn disease patients present with complicated behavior. During follow-up another quarter progress to complicated disease behavior. Delayed growth and low albumin at diagnosis predict progression.
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Balbale SN, Schäfer WLA, Davis T, Blake SC, Close S, Perry JE, Zarate RP, Ingram MC, Strople J, Johnson JK, Holl JL, Raval MV. Age- and Sex-Specific Needs for Children Undergoing Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery: A Qualitative Study. J Surg Res 2022; 274:46-58. [PMID: 35121549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of enhanced recovery protocols (ERP) is extending to pediatric surgical populations, such as patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Given the variation in age- and sex-specific characteristics of pediatric IBD patients, it is important to understand the unique needs of subgroups, such as male versus female or preadolescent versus older patients, when implementing ERPs. We gathered clinician, patient, and caregiver perspectives on age- and sex-specific needs for children undergoing IBD surgery. METHODS We used semistructured interviews and focus groups to assess ERP needs and perceived differences in needs between preadolescent (10-13 y), older (14-19 y), male, and female IBD patients. Participants included clinicians, patients who had recent IBD surgery, and patients' caregivers. RESULTS Forty-eight clinicians, six patients, and eight caregivers participated. Three broad categories of themes emerged: concerns, needs, and experiences related to the (1) surgical care process; (2) continuum of IBD care; and (3) suggestions to make surgical care more patient centered. With regard to surgical care processes, stakeholders reported different communication needs for preadolescent and older children. Key themes about the continuum of IBD care were the need (1) for support from child life specialists and (b) to address young women's health issues. Suggestions to make surgical care more patient centered included providing older children with patient experiences that reflect their perspective as young adults. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the need to adopt a patient-centered approach for ERP use that actively addresses age- and sex-specific factors while engaging patients and caregivers as partners with clinicians to improve surgical care for children with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salva N Balbale
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Institute of Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Willemijn L A Schäfer
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Teaniese Davis
- Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah C Blake
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sharron Close
- Department of Pediatric Advanced Practice Nursing, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joseph E Perry
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Raul Perez Zarate
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Martha-Conley Ingram
- Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Institute of Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jennifer Strople
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Julie K Johnson
- Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Institute of Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jane L Holl
- Department of Neurology, Biological Sciences Division and Center for Healthcare Delivery Science and Innovation, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mehul V Raval
- Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Institute of Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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9
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Gordon IO, Abushamma S, Kurowski JA, Holubar SD, Kou L, Lyu R, Rieder F. Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis Is a Fibrotic Disease and Is Linked with Chronicity of Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 16:804-821. [PMID: 34849664 PMCID: PMC9228908 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal fibrosis has recently been characterised in adult ulcerative colitis and may affect motility, diarrhoea, and the symptom of urgency. We aimed to charactersze the presence of fibrosis in paediatric patients with ulcerative colitis, and its link to severity and chronicity of mucosal inflammation, as well as clinical factors of severity. METHODS We performed a single-centre cross-sectional study in children ages 1-18 years with ulcerative colitis, undergoing colectomy or proctocolectomy. Tissue cross-sections were derived from proximal, mid, and distal colon and rectum, and inflammation and fibrosis were graded based on previously developed scores. Clinical data were collected prospectively. RESULTS From 62 patients, 205 intestinal sections were evaluated. Median age at diagnosis was 13 years, 100% had extensive colitis, and all resections were done for refractory disease. The presence, chronicity, and degree of inflammation were linked with the presence of fibrosis. Thickness of the muscularis mucosa was also linked with presence and chronicity of inflammation. The overall submucosal fibrosis burden was associated with prior anti-tumour necrosis factor use. CONCLUSIONS Paediatric patients with ulcerative colitis exhibit colorectal submucosal fibrosis and muscularis mucosa thickening, which correlate with the presence, chronicity, and degree of mucosal inflammation. Fibrosis should be recognised as a complication of paediatric ulcerative colitis, and ulcerative colitis should be considered a progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyssa O Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suha Abushamma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO,USA
| | - Jacob A Kurowski
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stefan D Holubar
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lei Kou
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ruishen Lyu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Corresponding author: Florian Rieder, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue – A3, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. Tel.: +1 [216] 445 4916; fax: +1 [216] 636 0104;
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10
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Norsa L, Berni Canani R, Duclaux-Loras R, Bequet E, Köglmeier J, Russell RK, Uhlig HH, Travis S, Hollis J, Koletzko S, Grimaldi G, Castaldo G, Rodrigues A, Deflandre J, Dembinski L, Shah N, Heinz-Erian P, Janecke A, Leskinen S, Wedenoja S, Koskela R, Lachaux A, Kolho KL, Ruemmele FM. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Congenital Chloride Diarrhoea. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1679-1685. [PMID: 33770165 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital chloride diarrhoea [CLD] is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the solute family carrier 26 member 3 [SLC26A3] gene. Patients suffer from life-long watery diarrhoea and chloride loss. Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has been reported in individual patients with CLD and in scl26a3-deficient mice. METHODS We performed an international multicentre analysis to build a CLD cohort and to identify cases with IBD. We assessed clinical and genetic characteristics of subjects and studied the cumulative incidence of CLD-associated IBD. RESULTS In a cohort of 72 patients with CLD caused by 17 different SLC26A3 mutations, we identified 12 patients [17%] diagnosed with IBD. Nine patients had Crohn's disease, two ulcerative colitis and one IBD-unclassified [IBD-U]. The prevalence of IBD in our cohort of CLD was higher than the highest prevalence of IBD in Europe [p < 0.0001]. The age of onset was variable [13.5 years, interquartile range: 8.5-23.5 years]. Patients with CLD and IBD had lower z-score for height than those without IBD. Four of 12 patients had required surgery [ileostomy formation n = 2, ileocaecal resection due to ileocaecal valve stenosis n = 1 and colectomy due to stage II transverse colon cancer n = 1]. At last follow-up, 5/12 were on biologics [adalimumab, infliximab or vedolizumab], 5/12 on immunosuppressants [azathioprine or mercaptopurine], one on 5-ASA and one off-treatment. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of patients with CLD develop IBD. This suggests the potential involvement of SL26A3-mediated anion transport in IBD pathogenesis. Patients with CLD-associated IBD may require surgery for treatment failure or colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Norsa
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Paris, France.,Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Transplantation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.,Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science - Pediatric Section, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Remi Duclaux-Loras
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France.,CIRI unité Inserm U1111, ENS Lyon, France
| | - Emeline Bequet
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Belgium
| | - Jutta Köglmeier
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK
| | - Richard K Russell
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Hollis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Giusi Grimaldi
- Department of Translational Medical Science - Pediatric Section, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Astor Rodrigues
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lukasz Dembinski
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Neil Shah
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK
| | - Peter Heinz-Erian
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Saara Leskinen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Satu Wedenoja
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Koskela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alain Lachaux
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Frank M Ruemmele
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Paris, France
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11
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MicroRNAs in Colon Tissue of Pediatric Ulcerative Pancolitis Patients Allow Detection and Prognostic Stratification. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061325. [PMID: 33806966 PMCID: PMC8005023 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease has been on the rise in recent years, especially in pediatric populations. This study aimed to provide precise identification and stratification of pediatric patients with diagnosed ulcerative colitis (UC) according to the severity of their condition and the prediction for standard treatment according to the specific expression of candidate miRNAs. We enrolled consecutive, therapeutically naïve, pediatric UC patients with confirmed pancolitis. We examined formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of colonic tissue for the expression of 10 selected candidate miRNAs. We performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, using area under the curve and a logistic regression model to evaluate the diagnostic and predictive power of the miRNA panels. Sixty patients were included in the final analysis. As a control group, 18 children without macroscopic and microscopic signs of inflammatory bowel disease were examined. The combination of three candidate miRNAs (let-7i-5p, miR-223-3p and miR-4284) enabled accurate detection of pediatric UC patients and controls. A panel of four candidate miRNAs (miR-375-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-223-3p and miR-200b-3p) was associated with severity of UC in pediatric patients and a combination of three miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-192-5p and miR-194-5p) was associated with early relapse of the disease. Nine patients out of the total were diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) simultaneously with ulcerative colitis. A panel of 6 candidate miRNAs (miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-223-3p, let-7i-5p, miR-192-5p and miR-194-5p) identified those patients with PSC. Specific combinations of miRNAs are promising tools for potential use in precise disease identification and severity and prognostic stratification in pediatric patients with ulcerative pancolitis.
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12
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Aloi M, Bramuzzo M, Norsa L, Arrigo S, Distante M, Miele E, Romano C, Giobbi C, Panceri R, Cucchiara S, Alvisi P. Disease Activity Patterns in the First 5 Years After Diagnosis in Children With Ulcerative Colitis: A Population-Based Study. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:367-374. [PMID: 33022055 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to define clusters of activity in a population-based cohort during the first 5 years after diagnosis in children with ulcerative colitis [UC] and to identify early prognostic risk factors. METHODS All UC patients from the SIGENP IBD registry with a complete follow-up of at least 5 years were included. Active disease was defined every 6 months in the presence of at least one of the following: clinical activity [Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index ≥ 35]; endoscopic activity [Mayo score ≥ 1]; faecal calprotectin > 250 µg/g; hospitalization; surgery; or treatment escalation. Formula-based clusters were generated based on four published questionnaire-based activity patterns in adults, plus one additional cluster. RESULTS In total, 226 patients were identified. Forty-two [19%] had moderate-severe chronically active disease, 31 [14%] chronic-intermittent, 75 [33%] quiescent, 54 [24%] active disease in the first 2 years after the diagnosis, then sustained remission, and 24 [11%] a remission in the first 2 years then an active disease. Mild disease onset along with a lower clinical severity not requiring the use of corticosteroids at 6 months were related to a quiescent disease course at the next follow-up (logistic model area under the curve 0.86 [95% confidence interval 0.78-0.94]; positive predictive value 67%; negative predictive value 70%). Eight per cent of patients needed surgery, none in the quiescent group [p = 0.04]. CONCLUSIONS More than one-third of children with UC present with a chronically active or intermittent course during the first 5 years of follow-up. A significant group of patients has active disease in the first 2 years and then sustained remission. Interestingly, after initial treatment, one-third of patients have well-controlled disease throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aloi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Bramuzzo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS 'Burlo Garofalo', Trieste, Italy
| | - L Norsa
- Pediatric Hepatology Gastroenterology and Transplantation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - S Arrigo
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Institute 'Giannina Gaslini', Genoa, Italy
| | - M Distante
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Miele
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - C Romano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Giobbi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Panceri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca Fond., MBBM/Hosp., San Gerardo Monza, Italy
| | - S Cucchiara
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Alvisi
- Pediatric Department, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Qiu T, Li H, Sun T, Men P, Cui X, Liu C, Zhai S. Thalidomide as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents: A systematic review. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 45:1134-1142. [PMID: 32743898 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China
- Institute for Drug Evaluation Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Huibo Li
- Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China
- Institute for Drug Evaluation Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy Aviation General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Peng Men
- Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China
- Institute for Drug Evaluation Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Xiangli Cui
- Department of Pharmacy Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Cuiwen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China
| | - Suodi Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China
- Institute for Drug Evaluation Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
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14
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Dipasquale V, Antonelli E, Cannavò L, Cavatoi G, Romeo C, Trimarchi G, Navarra G, Romano C. Surgery-Related Quality of Life of Pediatric Patients With Crohn's Disease. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:608370. [PMID: 33392119 PMCID: PMC7773926 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.608370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Up to 30% of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require surgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcome in children with CD who have had ileocolonic resection. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on all pediatric patients who had undergone surgery for CD between January 2015 and December 2017 in the Pediatric Surgery and Gastroenterology Units of the University Hospital of Messina. Surgical treatment was represented by laparoscopic ileocecal resection with latero-lateral anastomosis. Patients were asked to fill in a modified version of the IMPACT III questionnaire made up of 15 closed questions before and after surgery. The questionnaire was scored on a five-point scale with 5 reporting "not a problem" and 1 "a very severe problem." The total score ranged from 15 (worst HRQoL) to 75 (best HRQoL). Frequency of relapses, reoperations, complications during follow-up, and postoperative bowel function were also studied. Results: Data were obtained in 10 patients (9 males), who underwent surgery at a median age of 13.5 years (range 13-18), after a median post-diagnosis period of 2.5 years (range 0-8). Preoperative scores were low in all 4 domains of the questionnaire. Postoperatively, HRQoL measures improved significantly (p < 0.05) about symptoms, school attendance, social and emotional functioning. Overall, nearly all patients were completely satisfied with the surgical outcome. Conclusions: HRQoL is low in CD children referred for possible operation, and surgery may positively affect the overall HRQoL. Collecting HRQoL data provides insight into the impact of treatment on children health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Dipasquale
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrica Antonelli
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Cannavò
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cavatoi
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Romeo
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Navarra
- Surgical Oncology Division, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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15
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Tang WJ, Shi P, Zheng CF, Shi JR, Qiu XX, Wang SN, Huang Y. Special clinical characteristics and outcomes in Chinese pediatric patients with early-onset Crohn's disease. J Dig Dis 2019; 20:539-546. [PMID: 31347264 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical and nutritional characteristics of early-onset Crohn's disease (EO-CD) in China. METHODS Patients were defined as having EO-CD (age at diagnosis <10 y) or late-onset Crohn's disease (LO-CD; age at diagnosis of 10-17 y). Their characteristics, clinical, and nutritional data were collected at baseline and at each follow-up visit. Statistical analyses were used to compare differences in both groups. RESULTS From July 1993 to February 2017, of the 137 children enrolled, 68 (49.6%) had EO-CD and 69 (50.4%) had LO-CD. More patients with EO-CD than those with LO-CD presented with diarrhea, hematochezia, growth delay, anemia and skin disease, and had higher pediatric Crohn's disease activity index scores at diagnosis (all P < 0.05). Fewer patients with EO-CD achieved their first remission (42.6% vs 76.8%, P < 0.0001) during follow-up. Patients with EO-CD required a longer treatment time to reach remission (P = 0.0049) and had a higher mortality rate (P = 0.0133), as well as lower height and weight percentiles (P = 0.0200 and 0.0288, respectively), hemoglobin (P = 0.0185) and albumin levels (P = 0.0002), zinc (P = 0.0024) and iron (P = 0.0110) concentrations in blood at diagnosis. CONCLUSION The EO-CD group had worse clinical outcomes and nutritional status than the LO-CD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Juan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Medical Statistics Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Fang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ru Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xia Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Nan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Tenca A, Jaakkola T, Färkkilä M, Arola J, Kolho KL. Impact of paediatric onset primary sclerosing cholangitis on clinical course and outcome of inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control population-based study in Finland. Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:984-990. [PMID: 31402720 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1648547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction and aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of a paediatric onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a cohort of subjects with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and in a matched-age population-based control group without PSC. Methods: We identified 28 IBD-PSC cases (median age at IBD diagnosis 12.5 years, 25-75th: 10-16 years) and selected three IBD controls for each case matched for age and year of IBD diagnosis. All data regarding the gastrointestinal tract and liver were collected at diagnosis and at last follow-up (median 15 years). Results: At diagnosis the prevalence of pancolitis was similar between the groups (78% and 79%, respectively p = -.30), but histologic inflammation was milder in IBD-PSC (61% vs 30%, p = .06). At last follow-up (median age 29 years) pancolitis was less frequent (6% and 33%, respectively p = .04) and the remission higher (76% and 47%, respectively p = .08) in IBD-PSC patients than in IBD patients. Panproctolectomy (32% in IBD-PSC and 34% in IBD, p = 1.0) and the rate of pouchitis (62% and 70%, respectively p = .8) were similar. Conclusions: The outcome of paediatric onset IBD in patients with PSC in adulthood seems to be comparable to those with IBD only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tenca
- Department of Medicine, Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tytti Jaakkola
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Children's Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Martti Färkkilä
- Department of Medicine, Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Johanna Arola
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Children's Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
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17
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Long-term outcome of pediatric-onset Crohn's disease: A population-based cohort study. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:496-502. [PMID: 30611597 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric-onset Crohn's disease (CD) may represent a more severe form of disease. The aim of this study was to describe long-term outcome and identify associated risk factors of complicated behavior in a large population-based pediatric-onset CD cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cases included all patients recorded in the EPIMAD registry diagnosed with definite or probable CD between January 1988 and December 2004, under the age of 17 years at the time of diagnosis, with at least two years of follow-up. RESULTS Five hundred and thirty-five patients were included. Median follow-up was 11.1 years [IQR, 7.3-15.0]. At the end of follow-up, 8% (n = 44) of patients had pure ileal disease (L1), 8% (n = 44) had pure colonic disease (L2), and 83% (n = 439) had ileocolonic disease (L3). L4 disease and perianal disease were observed in 42% (n = 227) and 16% (n = 85) of patients, respectively. At the end of follow-up, 58% (n = 308) of patients presented complicated disease behavior (B2, 39% and B3, 19%), and 42% (n = 163) of patients with inflammatory behavior at diagnosis had evolved to complicated behavior. During follow-up, 86% of patients (n = 466) received at least one course of corticosteroids, 67% (n = 357) of patients had been exposed to immunosuppressants and 35% (n = 187) of patients received at least one anti-TNF agent. Forty-three percent (n = 230) of patients underwent at least one intestinal resection. The overall mortality rate was 0.93% and the SMR was 1.6 [0.5-3.8] (p = 0.20). Five cancers were reported with a crude cancer incidence rate of 1.1% and an SIR of 3.3 [1.2-7.0] (p = 0.01). In a multivariate Cox model, ileal (HR, 1.87 [1.09-3.21], p = 0.022) or ileocolonic (HR, 1.54 [1.01-2.34], p = 0.042) and perianal lesions at diagnosis (HR, 1.81 [1.13- 2.89], p = 0.013) were significantly associated with complicated behavior. CONCLUSION About 80% of patients with pediatric-onset CD presented extensive ileocolonic disease during follow-up. The majority of patients evolved to complicated behavior. Surgery, cancer and mortality were observed in 43%, 0.9% and 0.9% of patients, respectively.
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18
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Nyholm I, Hukkinen M, Koivusalo A, Merras-Salmio L, Kolho KL, Rintala RJ, Pakarinen MP. Long-term Single-centre Outcomes After Proctocolectomy With Ileoanal Anastomosis for Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:302-308. [PMID: 30395226 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Childhood-onset ulcerative colitis [UC] requires total colectomy in one-quarter of patients at some point of their disease. The study objective was to evaluate long-term outcomes after proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis [IAA] for paediatric UC. METHODS Medical records of all children undergoing proctocolectomy with IAA for UC during 1985-2016 in Helsinki University Hospital were retrospectively assessed. Data on disease history, diagnostic and operative details, occurrence of surgical complications, functional outcome, postoperative diagnosis of Crohn's disease [CD] and pouch failure were collected. Risk factors for IAA failure were analysed with Cox regression. RESULTS Of 87 patients, 85 [98%] had UC and 2 [2%] inflammatory bowel disease unclassified [IBD-U] preoperatively. Altogether 66% underwent two-stage and 34% underwent three-stage procedures. During 7.8 [4.1-14.5] years' follow-up, nine [10%] patients were diagnosed with postoperative CD. Postoperative leakages [n = 8, 9%] and strictures [n = 10, 11%] were equally common, whereas fistulas [78% vs 9%, p <0.001] and abscesses [56% vs 14%, p = 0.009] were more frequent among patients with later CD diagnosis. At latest follow-up, eight [9%] patients had been converted to a permanent ileostomy and others reported daytime stooling frequency of 5 [4-7] and 0.5 [0-1] at night. CD diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 23.3, p = 0.005), postoperative abscesses [HR = 16.3, p = 0.013] and fistulas [HR = 20.9, p = 0.007] as well as three-stage surgery [p = 0.018] increased risk for ileostomy. CONCLUSIONS For paediatric UC, long-term surgical and functional outcomes after proctocolectomy with IAA are reassuring. Need for three-stage surgery and occurrence of postoperative fistulas and abscesses, but not leakages or strictures, associate with postoperative CD diagnosis and the risk for ileostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iiris Nyholm
- Section of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Hukkinen
- Section of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Koivusalo
- Section of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Merras-Salmio
- Section of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Section of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Risto J Rintala
- Section of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko P Pakarinen
- Section of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Chen JM, He LW, Yan T, Guo XF, Hu PJ, Peng JS, Cheng WJ, Li LL, He Q. Oral exclusive enteral nutrition induces mucosal and transmural healing in patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2019; 7:176-184. [PMID: 31217981 PMCID: PMC6573804 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Mucosal healing is regarded as a clinical endpoint of Crohn’s disease (CD), and transmural healing is correlated to the concept of deep remission. Current therapies to induce mucosal and transmural healing in CD are not satisfactory. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is underestimated therapy and its value has not been fully evaluated. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of oral EEN for inducing mucosal and transmural healing in CD patients. Methods This was a prospective, single-center, open-label study including diagnosed CD children and adults conducted between January 2015 and December 2016 in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. All patients were treated with oral EEN and underwent paired assessment at baseline and completion using C-reaction protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelets, hemoglobin, body mass index, CD activity index, simple endoscopic score for CD and bowel sonography. Azathioprine was combined to prevent relapse. Results In this prospective observational study, 29 CD patients with an average age of 28.9 years were identified. After oral EEN treatment, 23 patients (79%) achieved complete mucosal healing, and the mean time to reach mucosal healing was 123 days (ranged from 50 to 212 days). Although only five patients (17%) achieved transmural healing, a significant reduction was observed in bowel-wall thickness (9.41 ± 3.06 vs 4.97 ± 1.76 mm, P < 0.001) and a significant improvement was observed in complications (including fistulas, abscess, ascites, stricture) assessed by bowel sonography (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Oral EEN therapy is highly effective for inducing mucosal healing in CD patients. Both CD patients at active stage and those at clinical remission show excellent clinical response to oral EEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Wen He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pin-Jin Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jie Cheng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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20
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Yu Y, Chen KC, Chen J. Exclusive enteral nutrition versus corticosteroids for treatment of pediatric Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:26-36. [PMID: 30666565 PMCID: PMC6394648 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-018-0204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have examined the effects of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in children with Crohn's disease (CD), but corticosteroids are considered a superior therapy and are frequently used in China. This meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy of EEN with corticosteroids in treating pediatric CD. METHODS A comprehensive retrieval from medical databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Wanfang data, VIP and CNKI, was performed using the search terms "diet therapy", "exclusive enteral nutrition", "Crohn's disease", "inflammatory bowel diseases", "child" and "pediatrics" from January 1990 to April 2017. RESULTS We included 18 studies from 1329 identified sources in this meta-analysis. EEN was as effective as corticosteroids in inducing remission rate of children suffering from CD (OR = 1.35; 95% CI 0.90, 2.10; P = 0.14). Nevertheless, patients who received EEN were more likely to achieve both endoscopic mucosal healing (OR = 5.24; 95% CI 2.06, 13.37; P = 0.0005) and histological mucosal healing (OR = 4.78; 95% CI 1.89, 12.08; P = 0.0009) than those who received corticosteroids; the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index was lower [mean difference (MD) = - 3.67; 95% CI - 4.91, - 2.43] and weight gain was higher (MD = 1.92; 95% CI 0.02, 3.83; P = 0.05) in those patients who received EEN than in those who received corticosteroids. No difference was found in relapse rate (OR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.25, 1.29; P = 0.18), height for age or body mass index between the patients treated with EEN and corticosteroids at the 1-year end point. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis reveals that there is no significant difference between EEN and corticosteroids in the efficacy of inducing remission rate of CD in a pediatric population, but EEN is superior to corticosteroids in improving short-term mucosal inflammation and reducing the PCDAI index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- 0000 0004 1759 700Xgrid.13402.34Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051 China
| | - Kang-Chen Chen
- 0000 0004 1759 700Xgrid.13402.34First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310002 China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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21
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Turner D, Ruemmele FM, Orlanski-Meyer E, Griffiths AM, de Carpi JM, Bronsky J, Veres G, Aloi M, Strisciuglio C, Braegger CP, Assa A, Romano C, Hussey S, Stanton M, Pakarinen M, de Ridder L, Katsanos K, Croft N, Navas-López V, Wilson DC, Lawrence S, Russell RK. Management of Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis, Part 1: Ambulatory Care-An Evidence-based Guideline From European Crohn's and Colitis Organization and European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 67:257-291. [PMID: 30044357 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contemporary management of ambulatory ulcerative colitis (UC) continues to be challenging with ∼20% of children needing a colectomy within childhood years. We thus aimed to standardize daily treatment of pediatric UC and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)-unclassified through detailed recommendations and practice points. METHODS These guidelines are a joint effort of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO) and the Paediatric IBD Porto group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). An extensive literature search with subsequent evidence appraisal using robust methodology was performed before 2 face-to-face meetings. All 40 included recommendations and 86 practice points were endorsed by 43 experts in Paediatric IBD with at least an 88% consensus rate. RESULTS These guidelines discuss how to optimize the use of mesalamine (including topical), systemic and locally active steroids, thiopurines and, for more severe disease, biologics. The use of other emerging therapies and the role of surgery are also covered. Algorithms are provided to aid therapeutic decision-making based on clinical assessment and the Paediatric UC Activity Index (PUCAI). Advice on contemporary therapeutic targets incorporating the use of calprotectin and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring are presented, as well as other management considerations around pouchitis, extraintestinal manifestations, nutrition, growth, psychology, and transition. A brief section on disease classification using the PIBD-classes criteria and IBD-unclassified is also part of these guidelines. CONCLUSIONS These guidelines provide a guide to clinicians managing children with UC and IBD-unclassified management to provide modern management strategies while maintaining vigilance around appropriate outcomes and safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Turner
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Frank M Ruemmele
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | - Anne M Griffiths
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Jiri Bronsky
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabor Veres
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marina Aloi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Amit Assa
- Schneider Children's Hospital, Petach Tikva, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Séamus Hussey
- National Children's Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mikko Pakarinen
- Helsinki University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lissy de Ridder
- Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nick Croft
- Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Victor Navas-López
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit. Hospital Materno, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - David C Wilson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sally Lawrence
- BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Knowles SR, Graff LA, Wilding H, Hewitt C, Keefer L, Mikocka-Walus A. Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses-Part I. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:742-751. [PMID: 29562277 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL) is commonly assessed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); the relationship of QoL within IBD states and relative to others has not been comprehensively evaluated. This systematic review, published across 2 papers, evaluates 5 key QoL comparisons. Part I, presented here, examines between-disease comparisons: (1) IBD/healthy(general) population and (2) IBD/other medically ill groups. Part II examines within-disease comparisons: (3) active/inactive disease, (4) ulcerative colitis/Crohn's disease, and (5) change over time. Outcomes using generic vs IBD-specific QoL measures were also examined. METHODS Adult and pediatric studies were identified through systematic searches of 7 databases from the 1940s (where available) to October 2015. RESULTS Of 6173 abstracts identified, 466 were selected for final review based on controlled design and validated measurement; 30 unique studies (23 adult, 7 pediatric) addressed the between-disease comparisons. The pooled mean QoL scores were (1) lower in adult and pediatric IBD samples compared with healthy controls (n = 19), and for both mental and physical QoL, where measured; and (2) higher but not significant for those with IBD compared with various medically ill controls (n = 15). Findings were consistent across IBD-specific and generic QoL measures. Study quality was generally low to moderate. The most common measures of QoL were the disease-specific Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire and generic SF-36 (adults), and the generic PedsQL (children). CONCLUSIONS There was robust confirmation that QoL for individuals with IBD was poorer than for healthy individuals, for both adults and children. QoL in IBD may be better relative to some other gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI medical conditions for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Knowles
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Library Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lesley A Graff
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Helen Wilding
- Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Hewitt
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, United Kingdom
| | - Laurie Keefer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Antonina Mikocka-Walus
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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23
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data describing the incidence and risk factors for colectomy in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) is inconsistent. Our aim was to describe the colectomy rate and to identify risk factors associated with colectomy in a large cohort of children with UC with long-term follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of pediatric UC cases that were diagnosed at Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel between 1981 and 2013. Potential predictors for colectomy including age at diagnosis, sex, disease extent, severity indices, and different therapeutic regimens during disease course were assessed. RESULTS Of 188 patients with pediatric onset UC, 34 (18%) underwent colectomy. Median follow-up was 6.9 years (range, 1-30). Kaplan-Meier survival estimates of the cumulative probability for colectomy were 4% at 1 year and 17% at 10 years from diagnosis. Multivariate Cox models showed that male sex (hazard ratio 4.2, P = 0.001) and severe disease at diagnosis reflected by Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index score ≥65 (hazard ratio 8.9, P < 0.001) were associated with increased risk for colectomy. Age, disease extent, ethnicity, family history of inflammatory bowel disease, early introduction of immunomodulators, or treatment with antitumor necrosis factor α agent did not affect the risk of colectomy. CONCLUSIONS Male sex and higher Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index score at diagnosis are independent risk factors for colectomy.
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24
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Endén K, Tainio J, Jalanko H, Jahnukainen K, Jahnukainen T. Lower quality of life in young men after pediatric kidney transplantation when compared to healthy controls and survivors of childhood leukemia-a cross-sectional study. Transpl Int 2017; 31:157-164. [PMID: 28850735 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Data about health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adult recipients after pediatric kidney transplantation (KTx) are scarce. In this nationwide questionnaire-based study, HRQOL and social status in young adult men having undergone KTx during childhood (n = 29) were studied and compared to age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 56) and survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 52) comprising controls with another chronic disease of childhood. Altogether 41% of the KTx recipients, 50% of the leukemia survivors and 80% of the healthy controls lived in a permanent relationship. When compared with leukemia survivors, the KTx recipients reported significantly more bodily pain and worse general health (RAND-36). Older age at time of study, longer duration of dialysis, multiple transplantations and diminished graft function correlated with lower scores. The KTx recipients had a significantly higher mean Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score than the leukemia survivors (P = 0.000) or the healthy controls (P = 0.006). BDI scores were highest in patients who lived without a partner or children had lower educational level or were unemployed. KTx recipients had significantly lower HRQOL scores than their healthy and controls with childhood chronic disease. Early detection of psychosocial problems and poor physical functioning among these patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Endén
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juuso Tainio
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Jalanko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Jahnukainen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Jahnukainen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Occurrence of Ulcerative Colitis in a Patient With Adult-Onset Still's Disease: Coincidence or Correlated. Arch Rheumatol 2017; 32:253-256. [PMID: 30375527 DOI: 10.5606/archrheumatol.2017.6182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 37-year-old male patient with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) developed ulcerative colitis (UC) during the course of treatment. He complained of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and frequent passage of blood-stained stool with peri-umbilical tenderness. The laboratory evaluation was significant only for a hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL. The patient underwent endoscopic and colonoscopic examination with the presumptive diagnosis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastropathy. Unexpectedly, the colonoscopic and pathologic findings of the biopsy specimen were compatible with UC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AOSD concurrently occurring with UC. In patients with AOSD, abdominal pain is likely to be mistaken for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastropathy. However, several studies imply the possibility of UC as an extra- articular manifestation of AOSD. Although coexistence of AOSD and inflammatory bowel disease is rare, timely diagnosis is important since this co-occurrence may aggravate this otherwise benign disease.
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26
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Virta LJ, Saarinen MM, Kolho KL. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Incidence is on the Continuous Rise Among All Paediatric Patients Except for the Very Young: A Nationwide Registry-based Study on 28-Year Follow-up. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:150-156. [PMID: 27555642 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The burden of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] in health care is high. We conducted research on the temporal changes in the incidence of paediatric IBD [PIBD] using nationwide registry-based data in Finland. METHODS All PIBD cases diagnosed at less than 20 years of age during 1987-2014 [in total, 5415 patients] were retrieved from a database documenting reimbursements for drug costs. Incidence rates were calculated by dividing the number of annual new PIBD cases by the size of the paediatric population at risk during each calendar year. Temporal trends in the incidences of PIBD and its subtypes, ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD], were estimated using Poisson regression analyses. RESULTS The mean annual incidence of PIBD increased from 7/100000 for the years 1987-1990 to 23/100000 for the years 2011-2014. The average rate of increase was 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6-4.5) per annum. In the period 2000-2014, the increase rate in the annual incidence of UC [3.8%; 95% CI: 2.7-5.0], was steeper than for CD [2.5%; 95% CI: 1.0-3.8]. The most pronounced increase occurred in UC among adolescents aged 16-19 years [4.8%; 95% CI: 2.9-6.7]. For children less than 10 years of age, the rate of change remained low. Approximately 0.17% of the birth cohort for the years 1999-2000 was diagnosed with PIBD by the age of 14 years. CONCLUSION The incidence of PIBD is primarily increasing among adolescents, challenging the identification of the possible environmental triggers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri J Virta
- Research Department, Social Insurance Institution of Finland, Turku, Finland
| | - Maiju M Saarinen
- Departments of Public Health and Child Neurology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Abstract
The incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) has been reported to increase. The aim of this review is to perform a comprehensive literature search of population-based studies focused on the natural history of paediatric-onset CD. A literature search of English and non-English language publications listed in the electronic database of MEDLINE (source PUBMED) and EMBASE from 1935 to 2016 was performed. Population-based studies or national cohorts reporting data on the short-term or long-term disease course of paediatric CD were included. Forty-nine paediatric and 15 nonpaediatric studies on CD have been identified. Up to one-third of children with inflammatory behaviour developed bowel complications more than 5 years after diagnosis. From 48 to 88% of children have experienced at least one corticosteroid course irrespective of the period of diagnosis and up to one-third became steroid dependent. Immunosuppressive preparations were used earlier and more frequently in newer than older cohorts (68 vs. 32% at 5 years) and more than one-third of children have received biological treatment early in the disease course. A decline in the surgery rate might be observed in more recent compared with older unselected populations. The relative risk of cancer in childhood-onset CD as well as the risk of death seem to have increased. Childhood-onset CD seems to be an aggressive phenotype of the disease. Compared with older cohorts, a trend towards decreasing surgical rate can be observed in newer cohorts paralleled by an increase in immunomodulator use and biologicals. Nevertheless, the causative role has yet to be investigated.
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28
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Aalto K, Lahdenne P, Kolho KL. Fecal calprotectin in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients related to drug use. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2017; 15:9. [PMID: 28143478 PMCID: PMC5286851 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-016-0132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) on non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may experience abdominal pain. In adults, NSAID use has been linked to an increase in fecal calprotectin (FC) levels, a surrogate marker for gut inflammation. In JIA, data on gut inflammation related to drug use is scarce. METHODS JIA patients followed up at the outpatient pediatric rheumatology clinic in Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland were routinely assessed for FC if they complained about abdominal pain, had an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or used NSAIDs on a daily basis. The FC levels were related to the presence of abdominal pain, to ESR, and to the presence of HLA-B27. RESULTS Of the total group of 90 patients (median age 9.1 years; 45 JIA patients with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), 25 without DMARD medication, and 20 arthralgia patients as controls), approximately 50% used NSAIDs, of whom 40% complained about abdominal pain. In patients with abdominal pain, one-third had elevated FC values (>100 μg/g). The FC values, for the most part, declined along with the discontinuation or reduction of NSAIDs and after intensifying the DMARD medication, where after the pain disappeared. In patients with an elevated ESR, the FC values and ESR normalized in parallel. The presence of HLA-B27 was not associated with FC levels. CONCLUSION In patients with JIA and abdominal pain, it may be useful to determine the FC when evaluating the need for further gastrointestinal examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Aalto
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00029 HUCH, Finland.
| | - Pekka Lahdenne
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00029 HUCH Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00029 HUCH Finland
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29
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Kim HJ, Kim Y, Cho JM, Oh SH, Kim KM. Therapeutic Efficacy of Oral Enteral Nutrition in Pediatric Crohn's Disease: A Single Center Non-Comparative Retrospective Study. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:1185-91. [PMID: 27401650 PMCID: PMC4960385 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.5.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) therapy effectively induces clinical remission in Crohn's disease (CD). It remains unclear, however, whether partial enteral nutrition (PEN) can maintain remission. This study was performed to determine the abilities of oral EEN and oral PEN to induce and maintain clinical remission in pediatric patients with CD, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pediatric patients with CD who received oral EEN at a single center in 2000-2014 were identified retrospectively. Remission rates of the EEN and PEN during the 2 years study period were determined. Risk factors for EEN and PEN failure were identified. RESULTS Of the 66 patients who started EEN, 61 (92%) completed the course. Clinical remission was achieved in 88% (58/66) of the patients. All 58 patients with remission continued with PEN: 43 (74%) were treatment adherent. The cumulative remission rates at 1 and 2 years were 67% and 52%, respectively. Differing from EEN, limited therapeutic efficacy of PEN was shown in severe CD patients. Female gender associated significantly with non-adherence. CONCLUSION Oral EEN and PEN effectively induced and maintained remission in a pediatric population. Non-adherence was a limiting factor in the success of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin Min Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seak Hee Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Hukkinen M, Pakarinen MP, Merras-Salmio L, Koivusalo A, Rintala R, Kolho KL. Fecal calprotectin in the prediction of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51:1467-72. [PMID: 26891835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal calprotectin (FC) correlates with endoscopic recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) in adults but has not been studied among children postoperatively. We aimed to analyze whether FC relates with postoperative CD recurrence in children. METHODS Altogether 51 postoperative endoscopies and FC measurements from 22 patients having undergone surgery for CD at age ≤18years were included. RESULTS Ileocecal resection (n=15), small bowel resection (n=6), or left hemicolectomy (n=1) was performed at median age of 15.1 (interquartile range 14.4-17.6) years. Following surgery, FC decreased significantly (659 vs. 103μg/g, p=0.001). During median follow-up of 5.7 (4.2-7.7) years, either endoscopic or histological recurrence occurred in 17 patients (77%). FC >139μg/g at time of endoscopy or FC increase of 79μg/g compared to first postoperative value was suggestive of endoscopic recurrence (Rutgeerts score i2-i4), while FC >101μg/g or increase of 21μg/g indicated histological recurrence. Best accuracy for prediction of recurrence was obtained by combining FC at endoscopy and the postoperative increase of FC. The corresponding AUROC values were 0.74 (95% 0.58-0.89) for endoscopic recurrence whereas 0.81 (95% CI 0.67-0.95) for histological recurrence. CONCLUSION FC is a useful surrogate marker of postoperative recurrence also in pediatric CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hukkinen
- Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikko P Pakarinen
- Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland; Section of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Merras-Salmio
- Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland; Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Koivusalo
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Rintala
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore possible environmental factors behind the regional differences in the incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS All of the patients diagnosed with IBD who were aged 0 to 14 years in Finland between 1987 and 2003 were identified from the Social Insurance Institution database. Finland was divided into squares of 250 × 250 m, and spatial variations of incidence rates were evaluated accordingly. The role of the environmental determinants (pediatric population density, agricultural industry, chemical contaminants of tap water and proximity to the sea or paper mills) in the geographic variations of the incidence rates was evaluated. RESULTS During the study period, the overall incidence of pediatric IBD was 6.5 of 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.1-6.9). The incidence in very sparsely populated areas (≤10 person-years per 250 × 250 m) was 9.2 of 100,000 (95% CI 6.3-13.1) and 5.6 of 100,000 (95% CI 4.8-6.4) in the districts with the highest population density (>800 person-years per 250 × 250 m). A nonsignificant trend toward the same direction was also seen for ulcerative colitis (trend P = 0.09). Chemical contaminant concentrations of tap water, residence near the seaside, or proximity to paper mills were not associated with the incidence of pediatric IBD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest higher incidence rates of pediatric IBD in the districts with low compared with high density of child population, but the differences cannot be explained by variations in the environmental exposures evaluated here.
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Environmental Risk Factors of Pediatric-Onset Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62:437-42. [PMID: 26465796 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this population-based observational case-control questionnaire study was to investigate the possible role of environmental risk factors associated with pediatric-onset autoimmune liver diseases. METHODS Seventy-one patients with autoimmune liver diseases (<16 years) received a questionnaire with 22 items, evaluating contact with environmental factors (eg, family manners, type of housing, pets) before the diagnosis. Two age- and sex-matched control groups were used: inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; n = 91) and healthy subjects (n = 716; matched also for place of residence at birth). Univariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval) for all variables was calculated. Fisher exact test was performed to depict associations between variables and the multivariate logistic regression to test their interactions. RESULTS In the final analyses, the responses of 51 autoimmune liver diseases cases (n = 51/71, 72%), 59 IBD controls (n = 59/91, 65%), and 292 healthy controls (n = 292/716, 41%) were investigated. In univariate analysis only having a cat, a dog, and a cat or a dog were risk factors of autoimmune liver diseases (OR varying between 2.6-3.4); no other significant associations (eg, place of residence, number of siblings, family manners) were found. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that especially living with a cat in block of flats was a risk factor (OR 3.6, 1.2-10.8). CONCLUSIONS Living in a close contact with a pet (especially a cat) was a risk factor of autoimmune liver diseases. This finding may suggest an involvement of an unidentified agent (ie, toxin/microbe) among the triggers of these diseases.
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Bennett AL, Moore D, Bampton PA, Bryant RV, Andrews JM. Outcomes and patients’ perspectives of transition from paediatric to adult care in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2611-2620. [PMID: 26937149 PMCID: PMC4768207 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i8.2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To describe the disease and psychosocial outcomes of an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) transition cohort and their perspectives.
METHODS: Patients with IBD, aged > 18 years, who had moved from paediatric to adult care within 10 years were identified through IBD databases at three tertiary hospitals. Participants were surveyed regarding demographic and disease specific data and their perspectives on the transition process. Survey response data were compared to contemporaneously recorded information in paediatric service case notes. Data were compared to a similar age cohort who had never received paediatric IBD care and therefore who had not undergone a transition process.
RESULTS: There were 81 returned surveys from 46 transition and 35 non-transition patients. No statistically significant differences were found in disease burden, disease outcomes or adult roles and responsibilities between cohorts. Despite a high prevalence of mood disturbance (35%), there was a very low usage (5%) of psychological services in both cohorts. In the transition cohort, knowledge of their transition plan was reported by only 25/46 patients and the majority (54%) felt they were not strongly prepared. A high rate (78%) of discussion about work/study plans was recorded prior to transition, but a near complete absence of discussion regarding sex (8%), and other adult issues was recorded. Both cohorts agreed that their preferred method of future transition practices (of the options offered) was a shared clinic appointment with all key stakeholders.
CONCLUSION: Transition did not appear to adversely affect disease or psychosocial outcomes. Current transition care processes could be optimised, with better psychosocial preparation and agreed transition plans.
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Fumery M, Duricova D, Gower-Rousseau C, Annese V, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Lakatos PL. Review article: the natural history of paediatric-onset ulcerative colitis in population-based studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 43:346-55. [PMID: 26582737 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better knowledge of the natural history of disabling chronic diseases is essential to improve patient management, evaluate the impact of treatment strategies and provide predictors for disabling disease and comprehensive information for patients. AIM To summarise our current knowledge issued from population-based studies of the natural history of ulcerative colitis (UC) in children. METHODS We searched MEDLINE (source PubMed) and international conference abstracts, and included all population-based studies that evaluated long-term outcome of paediatric-onset (<17 years at diagnosis) UC. RESULTS A total of 26 population-based studies were considered in this review from the total of 61 articles or abstracts screened. Most patients presented disease extension and about two-thirds of patients had pancolitis at the end of follow-up. One-half of patients experienced extra-intestinal manifestations and primary sclerosing cholangitis was observed in 5-10% of patients. Overall, patients did not appear to have any significant growth retardation or delayed puberty. About two-thirds of patients required corticosteroid therapy and up to 25% were steroid dependent. An increased use of thiopurines was observed and the most recent data indicate that up to one-half of patients were exposed to thiopurines and 10-30% were exposed to anti-tumour necrosis factor. One-half of patients required hospitalisations and 20% of patients required colectomy after a follow-up of 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Paediatric-onset UC is characterised by a high rate of disease extension. About 20% of patients had been operated at 10-year follow-up. New population-based studies are needed to evaluate the impact of new treatment strategies comprising immunosuppressants and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fumery
- Gastroenterology Unit, Epimad Registry, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - D Duricova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Univerzity Karlovy, Prague, Czech Republic.,EPICOM, European Crohn & Colitis Organization, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gower-Rousseau
- EPICOM, European Crohn & Colitis Organization, Vienna, Austria.,Public Health, Epidemiology and Economic Health, Epimad Registry, Maison Régionale de la Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional, 59037, Lille Cedex, France.,Lille Inflammation Research International Center LIRIC - UMR 995 Inserm/Université Lille 2/CHRU de Lille, Equipe IBD and Environmental Factors: Epidemiology and Functional Analyses, Lille University, Lille, France
| | - V Annese
- EPICOM, European Crohn & Colitis Organization, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Gastroenterology, AOU Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L Peyrin-Biroulet
- Gastroenterology, Inserm U954, University Hospital of Nancy-Brabois, Université Henri Poincaré, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - P L Lakatos
- EPICOM, European Crohn & Colitis Organization, Vienna, Austria.,1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Surgical aspects of inflammatory bowel diseases in pediatric and adolescent age groups. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016; 31:301-5. [PMID: 26410260 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasingly encountered in children. Early disease is associated with higher complication rate with increased incidence of surgical intervention. PATIENTS AND METHODS From January 2010 to June 2015, 25 patients in the pediatric and adolescent age groups with IBD underwent surgical intervention in our center. They were classified into two groups. Group I included 15 patients with ulcerative colitis where 5 cases had left colon disease underwent left colectomy, while 10 cases had pancolonic disease underwent total colectomy and anal mucosectomy with ileo-anal or ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with covering ileostomy. Group II included 10 cases with Crohn's disease where the indications for surgery were intestinal obstruction in seven cases, fulminant perianal infection with septic shock in one, perianal fistula and ulcers in one, and growth failure due to resistant intestinal fistula in one. RESULTS Group I included eight males and seven females; mean age at surgery was 10.6 years. There were postoperative complications in seven cases in the form of pelvic abscess and wound infection in one, wound infection in two, and recurrent pouchitis in four cases. Group II contained eight males and two females; mean age at surgery was 6.6 years. Two cases had recurrent symptoms after stricturoplasty. The mean length of time from diagnosis to surgery was 2.4 years (ranging from 6 to 36 months). CONCLUSION A multidisciplinary team is mandatory for proper management of IBD cases. The risk of the disease and the expected surgical complications determine the timing of surgical interference.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe, in a population-based cohort, the incidence of and factors associated with postoperative complications (POCs) in pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Using the pediatric population-based EPIMAD Cohort (1988-2004), among 692 incident inflammatory bowel disease cases, 128 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 25 with ulcerative colitis (UC) (22%) had undergone at least 1 major abdominal surgery at a median age of 16 years [interquartile range, Q1-Q3 = 14-17]. Factors associated with POC were assessed using Cox models. RESULTS After a median postoperative follow-up of 8 years (3-12), 76 (49.7%) patients had experienced at least 1 POC with a total of 113 complications. The frequency of severe POC (grade >2) was similar in CD and UC (28% of all complications versus 27%, P = 0.95). A total of 64 early POCs (within 30 d of surgery) were observed in 47 patients (31%), with 33 being infectious and 31 noninfectious, higher in UC than in CD (25% of patients with CD versus 60% of patients with UC, P < 0.001). Forty-nine late POCs (≥30 d) were observed in 37 patients (24%). The occurrence of late POC was similar in UC and CD. The cumulative probability of POC was 31% (95% confidence interval, 24-39) at 1 month, 46% (38-54) at 1 year, and 48% (41-57) at 5 years. Multivariate analysis found that the UC type was the only factor associated with early POC (hazard ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-5.4). CONCLUSIONS One-half of the children with inflammatory bowel disease had experienced at least 1 POC. Only UC relative to CD was significantly associated with an increased risk of early POC.
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Hojsak I, Kolacek S, Hansen LF, Bronsky J, Piekkala M, Lionetti P, Skaba R, Kolho KL. Long-term outcomes after elective ileocecal resection in children with active localized Crohn's disease--a multicenter European study. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:1630-5. [PMID: 25913894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic role of an elective ileocecal resection in children with active localized Crohn's disease. METHODS This was a retrospective multicenter study which included five European referral centers which included all children with Crohn's disease who underwent ileocecal surgery from 2000 to 2011 and had a minimum of 12 months follow-up. RESULTS Altogether 68 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. Median age at diagnosis was 13.7 years (6.6-17.9 years) and at surgery 15.2 years (8.6-18.5 years). Median duration of postoperative clinical remission was 20 months (3-95 months). Overall 54 patients (79.4%) were in remission one year after surgery and 38 (55.9%) during the total postsurgical follow up (median 30 months; range 12-95 months). Z score height for age significantly improved postoperatively in children who were at the time of surgery younger than 16 years of age (mean difference 0.232 SD; p=0.029). Cox proportional hazard regression model failed to indicate risk factors associated with postsurgical relapse. CONCLUSION Elective ileocecal resection is a valid treatment option which should be considered in a subset of pediatric patients with localized Crohn's disease with the aim of achieving clinical remission and to improve growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hojsak
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sanja Kolacek
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jiri Bronsky
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maija Piekkala
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Richard Skaba
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Reply to Thalidomide Treatment of Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: A New Use for an Old Drug. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1752-3. [PMID: 25993695 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Effect of Thalidomide on Clinical Remission in Children and Adolescents with Ulcerative Colitis Refractory to Other Immunosuppressives: Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1739-49. [PMID: 26185909 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a randomized controlled trial, thalidomide has shown to be effective in refractory Crohn's disease in children. This pilot study aimed at evaluating thalidomide in refractory pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial on thalidomide 1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg/day in children with active UC despite multiple immunosuppressive treatments. In an open-label extension, nonresponders to placebo received thalidomide for an additional 8 weeks; all responders were followed up for a minimum of 52 weeks. RESULTS Twenty-six children with refractory UC were randomized to thalidomide or placebo. Clinical remission at week 8 was achieved by significantly more children treated with thalidomide {10/12 (83.3%) versus 2/11 (18.8%); risk ratio, 4.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-16.4); P = 0.005; number needed to treat, 1.5}. Of the nonresponders to placebo who were switched to thalidomide, 8 of 11 (72.7%) subsequently reached remission at week 8 (risk ratio, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.1-14.7]; number needed to treat, 2.45; P = 0.01). Clinical remission in the thalidomide group was 135.0 weeks (95% CI, 32-238), compared with 8.0 weeks (95% CI, 2.4-13.6) in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). Cumulative incidence of severe adverse events was 3.1 per 1000 patient-weeks. Peripheral neuropathy and amenorrhea were the most frequent adverse events. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot randomized controlled trial on cases of UC refractory to immunosuppressive therapy, thalidomide compared with placebo resulted in improved clinical remission at 8 weeks of treatment and in longer term maintenance of remission. These findings require replication in larger clinical studies evaluating both thalidomide efficacy and safety.
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Mattioli G, Barabino A, Aloi M, Arrigo S, Caldaro T, Carlucci M, Cucchiara S, De Angelis P, Di Leo G, Illiceto MT, Impellizzeri P, Leonelli L, Lisi G, Lombardi G, Martelossi S, Martinelli M, Miele E, Randazzo A, Romano C, Romeo C, Romeo E, Selvaggi F, Valenti S, Dall'Oglio L. Paediatric ulcerative colitis surgery: Italian survey. J Crohns Colitis 2015; 9:558-64. [PMID: 25895877 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent epidemiological studies showed an increase in ulcerative colitis among children, especially in its aggressive form, requiring surgical treatment. Although medical therapeutic strategies are standardized, there is still no consensus regarding indications, timing and kind of surgery. This study aimed to define the surgical management of paediatric ulcerative colitis and describe attitudes to it among paediatric surgeons. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. All national gastroenterology units were invited to participate. From January 2009 to December 2013, data on paediatric patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis that required surgery were collected. RESULTS Seven units participated in the study. Seventy-one colectomies were performed (77.3% laparoscopically). Main surgical indications were a severe ulcerative colitis attack (33.8%) and no response to medical therapies (56.3%). A three-stage strategy was chosen in 71% of cases. Straight anastomosis was performed in 14% and J-pouch anastomosis in 86% of cases. A reconstructive laparoscopic approach was used in 58% of patients. Ileo-anal anastomosis was performed by the Knight-Griffen technique in 85.4% and by the pull-through technique in 9.1% of patients. Complications after colectomy, after reconstruction and after stoma closure were reported in 12.7, 19.3 and 35% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that there is general consensus regarding indications for surgery. The ideal surgical technique remains under debate. Laparoscopy is a procedure widely adopted for colectomy but its use in reconstructive surgery remains limited. Longer follow-up must be planned to define the quality of life of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mattioli
- DINOGMI, University of Genova, Genova, Italy Pediatric Surgery Unit, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - A Barabino
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - M Aloi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Arrigo
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - T Caldaro
- Surgery and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Carlucci
- DINOGMI, University of Genova, Genova, Italy Pediatric Surgery Unit, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - S Cucchiara
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P De Angelis
- Surgery and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Di Leo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - M T Illiceto
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy - Ospedale Civile Spirito Santo, Pescara, Italy
| | - P Impellizzeri
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - L Leonelli
- DINOGMI, University of Genova, Genova, Italy Pediatric Surgery Unit, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - G Lisi
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti, Chieti Italy
| | - G Lombardi
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy - Ospedale Civile Spirito Santo, Pescara, Italy
| | - S Martelossi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Martinelli
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - E Miele
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - A Randazzo
- IBD Unit Pediatric Department,University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Romano
- IBD Unit Pediatric Department,University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Romeo
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - E Romeo
- Surgery and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F Selvaggi
- Unit of General Surgery, University of Naples 'Fedrico II', Naples, Italy
| | - S Valenti
- IBD Unit Pediatric Department,University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - L Dall'Oglio
- Surgery and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Singh H, Nugent Z, Brownell M, Targownik LE, Roos LL, Bernstein CN. Academic Performance among Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study. J Pediatr 2015; 166:1128-33. [PMID: 25598305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine grade 12 academic performance for children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). STUDY DESIGN Children diagnosed with IBD at age<17 years identified from the population-based University of Manitoba IBD Epidemiology Database were matched by age-, sex-, and area of residence to 10 randomly selected controls. Grade 12 educational outcomes (scores on the provincial grade 12 language arts and mathematics standards tests, and enrollment-in-grade-12-by- age-17) were determined by linkage to the province wide Manitoba Education Database. Linear and logistic regression analysis were used to compare the educational outcomes, adjusting for socioeconomic status and comorbidities and evaluate predictors of educational outcomes among children with IBD. RESULTS Grade 12 educational outcomes among 337 children with IBD were compared with 3093 without IBD. There were no significant differences among the 2 groups in the standardized scores (language arts: P=.31; mathematics: P=.48) or enrollment-in-grade-12-by- age-17 (P=.25). Lower socioeconomic status and diagnosis with mental health problems 6 months prior to and 6 months post-IBD diagnosis were independent predictors of worse educational outcomes. There was no significant effect of age of diagnosis of IBD, type of IBD (ulcerative colitis vs Crohn's disease), use of corticosteroids or immunomodulator agents, hospitalizations, or surgery for IBD. CONCLUSIONS Children with IBD on average achieve similar levels of academic achievement in grade 12 as those without IBD. This study underscores the educational impact of mental health conditions at IBD diagnosis among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harminder Singh
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Zoann Nugent
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marni Brownell
- Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Manitoba Center for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laura E Targownik
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leslie L Roos
- Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Manitoba Center for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Diamanti A, Capriati T, Papadatou B, Knafelz D, Bracci F, Corsetti T, Elia D, Torre G. The clinical implications of thalidomide in inflammatory bowel diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:699-708. [PMID: 25865355 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1027687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thalidomide has anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenetic activity that makes it suitable for treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The recent guidelines from the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization/European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition conclude that thalidomide cannot be recommended in refractory pediatric Crohn's disease but that it may be considered in selected cohorts of patients who are not anti-TNFα agent responders. The main adverse effect is the potential teratogenicity that renders the long-term use of thalidomide problematic in young adults due to the strict need for contraceptive use. In short-term use it is relatively safe; the most likely adverse effect is the neuropathy, which is highly reversible in children. So far the use of thalidomide is reported in 223 adult and pediatric IBD patients (206 with Crohn's disease). In the following sections, the authors will discuss efficacy and safety of thalidomide, in the short-term treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Diamanti
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
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Stenke E, Hussey S. Ulcerative colitis: management in adults, children and young people (NICE Clinical Guideline CG166). Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2014; 99:194-7. [PMID: 24821990 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-305512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a clinical guideline in 2013 entitled 'Ulcerative colitis: Management in adults, children and young people (NICE Clinical Guideline CG166)'. This guideline review discusses the evidence base, compares the guideline with current practice and published guidelines, and summarises the key points relevant to pediatricians who manage children with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stenke
- National Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Séamus Hussey
- National Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin and the National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Crohn's disease in childhood causes linear growth retardation, which has a substantial effect on management of this disease. By contrast, growth is rarely a problem in children presenting with ulcerative colitis. Depending on how growth failure is defined, approximately one-third of children with Crohn's disease have growth retardation at diagnosis. Although corticosteroids can suppress growth, decreased height at diagnosis demonstrates that this finding is a consequence of the disease and not merely an adverse effect of treatment. Both inflammation and undernutrition contribute to decreased height velocity. Increased cytokine production acts both on the hepatic expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and at chondrocytes of the growth plates of long bones. Growth hormone insensitivity caused by deranged immune function is a major mechanism in growth retardation. Resolution of inflammation is the cornerstone of treatment, but current studies on growth hormone and IGF-1 might yield therapies for those children whose inflammation is refractory to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Sanderson
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London. 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
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Hukkinen M, Pakarinen MP, Piekkala M, Koivusalo A, Rintala R, Kolho KL. Treatment of complex perianal fistulas with seton and infliximab in adolescents with Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis 2014; 8:756-62. [PMID: 24447625 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Treatment of complex perianal fistulas associated with Crohn's disease is challenging. In adults, seton drainage combined with infliximab therapy has proven to be more effective than either one alone. Results following such treatment among pediatric patients have not been reported previously. The aim of this study was to describe outcomes after combined seton and infliximab treatment for complex perianal fistulas in adolescents with Crohn's disease. METHODS We performed a retrospective medical record review of all consecutive Crohn's disease patients treated for perianal fistulas with seton drainage and infliximab between 2007 and 2013 (n=13). A follow-up interview was conducted at median of two years. RESULTS Median age at fistula diagnosis was 14years. Following seton placement in fistula tracks, infliximab induction was administered at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and maintenance therapy at 8-week intervals. Over 90% responded to seton drainage and infliximab induction. Final fistula response was obtained at median of 8weeks, being complete in 77% and partial in 15%. Setons were kept in place for median of 8months. Fistulas recurred in 23% over a year after the final response. At last follow-up, 85% still had a response and 70% were free from perianal symptoms. Most were still on anti-TNF-α therapy, but one third had switched to adalimumab. Patients' anorectal function was well preserved and overall satisfaction with the treatment was high. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that combining seton drainage with infliximab therapy improves the perianal fistula response rates in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hukkinen
- Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikko P Pakarinen
- Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Piekkala
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Koivusalo
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Rintala
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Sidoroff M, Kolho KL. Screening for adrenal suppression in children with inflammatory bowel disease discontinuing glucocorticoid therapy. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:51. [PMID: 24661924 PMCID: PMC3987131 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmacological doses of corticoids may result in adrenal suppression but with individual sensitivity. In paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), glucocorticoids are needed in the majority of the patients but there are less studies related to tapering off the drugs. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of adrenal insufficiency in children with IBD that were at the end of their systemic glucocorticoid therapy course. Methods The study was a retrospective case series of 59 consecutive paediatric IBD patients (median age 14.1 years; Crohn’s disease n = 22, ulcerative colitis n = 26, unclassified colitis n = 11) that were on oral prednisolone therapy about to be discontinued. The study patients were treated in a tertiary university hospital setting. Serum morning cortisol was measured with Immulite 2000 cortisol kit. Values < 20 nmol/l are undetectable and indicate adrenal suppression, values > 69 nmol/l are considered to represent normal basal secretion. Results The morning cortisol was below the reference range in 20% of the patients and undetectable in 10%. Low cortisol levels associated with higher daily glucocorticoid doses (median 7.2 mg/m2 vs. 3.0 mg/m2 in patients with normal cortisol levels, p < 0.05) and with the long duration of the treatment (median 11 months vs. 4 months, p < 0.05). Patients with undetectable cortisol levels recovered within few weeks (median 5.6 weeks). Conclusions In paediatric IBD prolonged courses of glucocorticoids are frequent due to the steroid-dependent nature of the disease in a considerable proportion of patients. Adrenal suppression may occur in at least one fifth of the patients despite slowly tapering off the glucocorticoids. Notably, this is based on a set of serum cortisol measurements by request of experienced clinicians. All paediatric IBD patients receiving conventional doses of oral glucocorticoids should be subjected to screening for adrenal suppression when anticipated discontinuation of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI-00029, Finland.
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Ceriati E, De Peppo F, Rivosecchi M. Role of surgery in pediatric ulcerative colitis. Pediatr Surg Int 2013; 29:1231-41. [PMID: 24173816 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-013-3425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) has a more extensive and progressive clinical course than adult UC. Therefore, more aggressive initial therapies and more frequent surgical treatments are needed. The therapeutic goal is to gain clinical and laboratory control of the disease with minimal adverse effects while permitting the patient to function as normally as possible. Approximately 5-10 % of patients with UC require acute surgical intervention because of fulminant colitis refractory to medical therapy. Mucosal proctocolectomy with ileal J-pouch anal anastomosis is currently recommended as a standard curative surgical procedure for UC in both children and adults worldwide. This review will focus on the current issues regarding the surgical indications for pediatric UC, the technical details of procedures and results of most recent published series to take the most appropriate next step to improve the surgical outcomes and patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Ceriati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Palidoro, Rome, Italy,
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van Lierop PPE, Swagemakers SM, de Bie CI, Middendorp S, van Baarlen P, Samsom JN, van IJcken WFJ, Escher JC, van der Spek PJ, Nieuwenhuis EES. Gene expression analysis of peripheral cells for subclassification of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in remission. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79549. [PMID: 24260248 PMCID: PMC3832619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In current clinical practice, optimal treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) aims at the induction and maintenance of clinical remission. Clinical remission is apparent when laboratory markers of inflammation are normal and clinical symptoms are absent. However, sub-clinical inflammation can still be present. A detailed analysis of the immune status during this inactive state of disease may provide a useful tool to categorize patients with clinical remission into subsets with variable states of immune activation. Design By using Affymetrix GeneChips, we analysed RNA gene expression profiles of peripheral blood leukocytes from pediatric IBD patients in clinical remission and controls. We performed (un)supervised clustering analysis of IBD-associated genes and applied Ingenuity® pathway software to identify specific molecular profiles between patients. Results Pediatric IBD patients with disease in clinical remission display heterogeneously distributed gene expression profiles that are significantly distinct from controls. We identified three clusters of IBD patients, each displaying specific expression profiles of IBD-associated genes. Conclusion The expression of immune- and IBD-associated genes in peripheral blood leukocytes from pediatric IBD patients in clinical remission was different from healthy controls, indicating that sub-clinical immune mechanisms are still active during remission. As such, RNA profiling of peripheral blood may allow for non-invasive patient subclassification and new perspectives in treatment regimes of IBD patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter P. E. van Lierop
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid M. Swagemakers
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Centre, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte I. de Bie
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Middendorp
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Janneke N. Samsom
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johanna C. Escher
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Edward E. S. Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Incidence, Paris classification, and follow-up in a nationwide incident cohort of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57:576-82. [PMID: 23820399 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e31829f7d8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence, baseline disease characteristics, and disease location based on the Paris classification in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Hungarian nationwide inception cohort. In addition, 1-year follow-up with therapy was analyzed. METHODS From January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009, newly diagnosed pediatric patients with IBD were prospectively registered. Twenty-seven pediatric gastroenterology centers participated in the data collection ensuring the data from the whole country. Newly diagnosed patients with IBD younger than 18 years were reported. Disease location was classified according to the Paris classification. RESULTS A total of 420 patients were identified. The incidence rate of pediatric IBD was 7.48/10⁵ (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.34/10⁵-8.83/10⁵). The incidence for Crohn disease (CD) was 4.72/10⁵ (95% CI 3.82-5.79), for ulcerative colitis (UC) 2.32/10⁵ (95% CI 1.71-3.09), and for IBD-unclassified 0.45/10⁵ (95% CI 0.22-0.84). Most common location in CD was L3 (58.7%); typical upper gastrointestinal abnormalities (ulcer, erosion and aphthous lesion) were observed in 29.9%. Extensive colitis in patients with UC (E4, proximal to hepatic flexure) was the most common disease phenotype (57%), whereas only 5% of children had proctitis. A total of 18.6% of patients had ever severe disease (S1). Frequency of azathioprine administration at diagnosis was 29.5% in patients with CD, and this rate increased to 54.6% (130/238) at 1-year follow-up. In UC, only 3.3% received azathioprine initially, and this rate elevated to 22.5% (25/111). Use of corticosteroid decreased from 50% to 15.3% in patients with UC. Rate of bowel resection in patients with CD during the first year of follow-up was 5%. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of pediatric IBD in Hungary was among the higher range reported. This is the first large, nationwide incident cohort analyzed according to the Paris classification, which is a useful tool to determine the characteristic pediatric CD phenotype.
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Hölttä V, Klemetti P, Salo HM, Koivusalo A, Pakarinen M, Westerholm-Ormio M, Kolho KL, Vaarala O. Interleukin-17 immunity in pediatric Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57:287-92. [PMID: 23974060 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3182979252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present understanding of inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis mainly relies on studies of adult patients. Therefore, we studied the balance between T-effector and regulatory cells in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry served to quantify the expression of immunological markers in mucosal biopsies and flow cytometry analysis was used in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS Colonic interleukin (IL)-17+, IL-22, and IL-6 mRNA upregulation and increase in the number of colonic IL-17 cells were demonstrated in both Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Likewise, colonic forkhead box P3 (FOXP3+) mRNA expression and the number of colonic FOXP3 cells were increased both in CD and in UC and were accompanied in CD also with increased numbers of FOXP3+CD25 High CD4 cells in peripheral blood. Ileal relation of IL-17/CD4 cells was increased only in CD. CONCLUSIONS We showed activation of colonic IL-17/IL-22 axis and upregulation of FOXP3 to occur both in pediatric CD and in UC, indicating shared immunological characteristics. Upregulation of IL-17 was restricted to colon in UC, but existed in the ileum and in the colon in active CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Hölttä
- Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, Immune Response Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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