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Wang Y, Zhou H, Che Y, Wan X, Ding X, Zheng S, Wu C, Qin M, Xu Y, Yu Y, Kulyar MFEA, Li K, Wu Y. Emblica officinalis mitigates intestinal toxicity of mice by modulating gut microbiota in lead exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114648. [PMID: 36812873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) contamination has been affecting public health for decades. As a plant-derived medicine, the safety and effectiveness of Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis) fruit extract has been emphasized. The current study focused on mitigating the adverse effects of lead (Pb) exposure in reducing its toxicity worldwide. According to our findings, E. officinalis significantly improved weight loss and colon length shortening (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The data of colon histopathology and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines indicated a positive impact to the colonic tissue and inflammatory cell infiltration in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we confirmed the expression level improvement of tight junction proteins (TJPs), including ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin. Furthermore, we found that the abundance of some commensal species necessary for maintaining homeostasis and other beneficial function decreased in Pb exposure model, while a remarkable reversion impact was noticed on the intestinal microbiome composition in the treatment group. These findings were consistent with our speculations that E. officinalis could mitigate the adverse effects caused by Pb in alleviating intestinal tissue damage, intestinal barrier disruption, and inflammation. Meanwhile, the variations in gut microbiota might drive the fulfilling current impact. Hence, the present study could provide the theoretical basis for mitigating intestinal toxicity induced by Pb exposure with the help of E. officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hui Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanyun Che
- Engineering Laboratory for National Healthcare Theories and Products of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xin Wan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shengnan Zheng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Miao Qin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanling Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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OPTIMIZING AMLA (PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA) FRUIT POWDER SUPPLEMENTATION in liquid feed fed to Holstein dairy calves: Insights from growth performance and health events. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Khalid Muzaffar, Sofi SA, Makroo HA, Darakshan Majid, Dar BN. Insight about the biochemical composition, postharvest processing, therapeutic potential of Indian gooseberry (amla), and its utilization in development of functional foods-A comprehensive review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14132. [PMID: 35342961 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Indian gooseberry/Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn. syn. Phyllanthus emblica L) has an amazing nutritional profile and is a reservoir of biologically active compounds which have potential health benefits and are regarded as a remedy for lethal diseases. The unique features of amla, conferred by their bioactive components, have extended future prospects about their usage for useful effects on human nutrition and health globally. With the rapidly growing popularity of this unique therapeutic fruit, it is important to have comprehensive knowledge of this fruit. The current review article presents the nutritional profile, bioactive components, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and postharvest processing of amla fruit. Moreover, studies related to therapeutic properties of amla and its utilization in development of functional foods have been presented in this review. E. officinalis is a promising source of bioactive compounds which showed varied potential in the management of a number of human ailments which has been proven through various studies. Therefore, amla should be taken in the regular diet, thereby utilizing its potential health benefits. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Amla (Indian gooseberry), as source of natural bioactive compounds, has a great potential application in improving the status of human nutrition and health. The utilization of amla extract has various biological effects, like antimicrobial, antioxidant, gastroprotective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, radioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effect, owing to its bioactive components. The use of amla extract has recently increased in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products to replace synthetic antioxidants which have inherent harmful health effects. The review report will provide information on bioactive components, therapeutic properties, utilization of amla in the development of future functional foods, and postharvest processing of amla, which will provide critical information to researchers all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Muzaffar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Sofi
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Makroo
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Darakshan Majid
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - B N Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
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Saini R, Sharma N, Oladeji OS, Sourirajan A, Dev K, Zengin G, El-Shazly M, Kumar V. Traditional uses, bioactive composition, pharmacology, and toxicology of Phyllanthus emblica fruits: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114570. [PMID: 34480995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruits of Phyllanthus emblica Linn or Emblica officinalis Gaertn (Phyllanthaceae), (FPE) commonly known as Indian gooseberry or Amla, gained immense importance in indigenous traditional medicinal systems, including Ayurveda, for its medicinal and nutritional benefits. It is used to cure several diseases such as common cold, fever, cough, asthma, bronchitis, diabetes, cephalalgia, ophthalmopathy, dyspepsia, colic, flatulence, hyperacidity, peptic ulcer, erysipelas, skin diseases, leprosy, hematogenesis, inflammation, anemia, emaciation, hepatopathy, jaundice, diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhages, leucorrhea, menorrhagia, cardiac disorders, and premature greying of hair. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present review, we presented a comprehensive analysis of the ethnopharmacology, bioactive composition, and toxicity of P. emblica to identify the gap between research and the current applications and to help explore the trends and perspectives for future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected the literature published before April 2021 on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of FPE. Literature in English from scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Springer, and Google Scholar, books. These reports were analyzed and summarized to prepare this review. The plant taxonomy was verified by "The Plant List" database (http://www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION s: FPE have been used as a rich source of vitamin C, minerals, and amino acids. Several bioactive molecules were isolated and identified from FPE such as tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, ascorbic acid etc. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on FPE revealed its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, radioprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-venom, wound healing, HIV-reverse transcriptase effect. Toxicological studies on fruits indicated the absence of any adverse effect even at a high dose after oral administration. CONCLUSIONS Although FPE showed remarkable therapeutic activities against several diseases such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, hepatitis B virus, and malaria, there were several drawbacks in some previous reports including the lack of information on the drug dose, standards, controls, and mechanism of action of the extract. Further in-depth studies are required to explain the mechanism of action of the extracts to reveal the role of the bioactive compounds in the reported activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshandha Saini
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Post Box No. 9, Head Post Office, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Oluwole Solomon Oladeji
- Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Km 4, Ipetu Road, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Anuradha Sourirajan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Post Box No. 9, Head Post Office, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Post Box No. 9, Head Post Office, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Post Box No. 9, Head Post Office, Solan, H.P., India.
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Kumari S, Singh A, Singh AK, Yadav Y, Bajpai S, Kumar P, Upadhyay AD, Shekhar S, Dwivedi S, Dey AB, Dey S. Circulatory GSK-3β: Blood-Based Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:249-260. [PMID: 34776454 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the progressive brain disorder which degenerates brain cells connection and causes memory loss. Although AD is irreversible, it is not impossible to arrest or slow down the progression of the disease. However, this would only be possible if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage, and early diagnosis requires clear understanding of the pathogenesis at molecular level. Overactivity of GSK-3β and p53 accounts for tau hyperphosphorylation and the formation of amyloid-β plaques. OBJECTIVE Here, we explored GSK-3β and p53 as blood-based biomarkers for early detection of AD. METHODS The levels of GSK-3β, p53, and their phosphorylated states were measured using surface plasmon resonance and verified using western blot in serum from AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and geriatric-control (GC) subjects. The neurotoxic SH-SY5Y cell line was treated with antioxidant Emblica Officinalis (EO) for rescue effect. RESULTS GSK-3β, p53, and their phosphorylated states were significantly over expressed (p > 0.001) in AD and MCI compared to GC and can differentiate AD and MCI from GC. The expression level of GSK-3β and p53 proteins were found to be downregulated in a dose-dependent manner after the treatment with EO in amyloid-b-induced neurotoxic cells. CONCLUSION These proteins can serve as potential blood markers for the diagnosis of AD and EO can suppress their level. This work has translational value and clinical utility in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwani Kumari
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ambica Singh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinay Kumar Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yudhishthir Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Bajpai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Datt Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadanand Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A B Dey
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Azadniya E, Thomä I, Baake J, Morlock GE. High-throughput enzyme inhibition screening of 44 Iranian medicinal plants via piezoelectric spraying of planar cholinesterase assays. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1184:122956. [PMID: 34655892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and straightforward approach was developed for screening the acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory activity of 44 Iranian medicinal plant extracts at laboratory scale. After a fast ChE inhibitory pre-testing of samples applied as band pattern, 40 out of the 44 Iranian medicinal plant extracts were selected. These were adjusted in the application volume depending on their inhibition activity, applied on both plate sides and simultaneously developed in a horizontal developing chamber. Different mobile phases were studied to achieve maximum separation of ChE inhibitors and minimum co-elution with matrix. Contrary to immersion, the piezoelectric spraying reduced the consumption of assay solutions, prevented zone tailing, zone shift and cross-contamination, and homogeneously covered the entire plate surface with the assay solutions. The ChE inhibitors of the six most bioactive plant extracts were tentatively assigned by high-resolution mass spectrometry in combination with the spectral and chromatographic information obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Azadniya
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Isabelle Thomä
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonas Baake
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Nandanwadkar SM, Hurkadale PJ, Bidikar CM, Godbole MM. Multielemental Analysis and In Vitro Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Natural Phytopigments by ICP-OES and HPTLC. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:620996. [PMID: 34295242 PMCID: PMC8290885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.620996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytopigments derived from ethnomedicinal plants employed as traditional medicines appear to be the simplest alternative for artificial radical colorants. This can be because of persistent use of synthetic dyes and their harmful impacts linked to human lives as well as to the ecosystem. The literature evidences clearly reveal the complications from growing demands of radical colorants from artificial origin. The planned analysis work hence focuses on screening of the fundamental composition of phytopigments, obtained from plant sources by subtle technique of ICP-OES, with axial plasma combined with nebulizer motor–assisted gas flow approach, utilizing microwave digester for complete digestion of phytopigments, thereby establishing the pigments being safe for consumption. Additionally, the observations from free radical scavenging activity using DPPH by HPTLC concluded that the natural pigments obtained from plant sources are rich in flavonoids with potent antioxidant property. Thus, an effort has been made through the developed ICP-OES methodology, to beat the distinct imprecise practice of food labeling, once natural pigments are utilized in a variety of additives, as food colorants with amounts of components detected as arsenic, lead, and metal, within specified limits of FSSAI, demonstrate and establish safety of natural foodstuff agents, as compared over hazardous synthetic azo dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P J Hurkadale
- KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belgaum, India
| | - C M Bidikar
- KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belgaum, India
| | - M M Godbole
- KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belgaum, India
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Jantrapirom S, Hirunsatitpron P, Potikanond S, Nimlamool W, Hanprasertpong N. Pharmacological Benefits of Triphala: A Perspective for Allergic Rhinitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628198. [PMID: 33995026 PMCID: PMC8120106 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is considered a major nasal condition impacting a large number of people around the world, and it is now becoming a global health problem. Because the underlying mechanisms of AR are complex, the development of single-drug treatment might not be enough to treat a wide spectrum of the disease. Although the standard guidelines classify and provide suitable diagnosis and treatment, the vast majority of people with AR are still without any means of controlling it. Moreover, the benefits of AR drugs are sometimes accompanied by undesirable side effects. Thus, it is becoming a significant challenge to find effective therapies with limited undesirable side effects for a majority of patients suffering from uncontrolled AR. Aller-7/NR-A2, a polyherbal formulation, has revealed promising results in patients by reducing nasal symptoms and eosinophil counts without serious adverse effects. Interestingly, three out of seven of the herbals in the Aller-7/NR-A2 formulation are also found in an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation known as “Triphala,” which is a potential candidate for the treatment of AR. However, there are no current studies that have examined the effects of Triphala on the disease. This review aims to describe the complexity of AR pathophysiology, currently available treatments, and the effects of Triphala on AR in order to help develop it as a promising alternative treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinee Jantrapirom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Drosophila Center for Human Diseases and Drug Discovery (DHD), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pannaphak Hirunsatitpron
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nutthiya Hanprasertpong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Evaluation of physicochemical properties, nutraceuticals composition, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal potential of waste amla seed coat (Phyllanthus emblica, variety Neelam). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Koul B, Kumar A, Yadav D, Jin JO. Bergenia Genus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Molecules 2020; 25:E5555. [PMID: 33256153 PMCID: PMC7730924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bergenia (Saxifragaceae) genus is native to central Asia and encompasses 32 known species. Among these, nine are of pharmacological relevance. In the Indian system of traditional medicine (Ayurveda), "Pashanabheda" (stone breaker) is an elite drug formulation obtained from the rhizomes of B. ligulata. Bergenia species also possess several other biological activities like diuretic, antidiabetic, antitussive, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-bradykinin, antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, anticancer, antioxidant, antiobesity, and adaptogenic. This review provides explicit information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological significance of the genus Bergenia. The extant literature concerned was systematically collected from various databases, weblinks, blogs, books, and theses to select 174 references for detailed analysis. To date, 152 chemical constituents have been identified and characterized from the genus Bergenia that belong to the chemical classes of polyphenols, phenolic-glycosides, lactones, quinones, sterols, tannins, terpenes, and others. B. crassifolia alone possesses 104 bioactive compounds. Meticulous pharmacological and phytochemical studies on Bergenia species and its conservation could yield more reliable compounds and products of pharmacological significance for better healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Koul
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Research Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, CROM-MASS, CIBIMOL-CENIVAM, Industrial University of Santander, Carrera 27, Calle 9, Edificio 45, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia;
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Jun-O. Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Earpina S, McDonough K, Yeboah-Awudzi M, Cook KJ, Aggarwal S, Losso JN. Muscadine or amla extracts standardized to ellagic acid content ameliorate glucolipotoxicity associated β-cell dysfunction via inhibition of IL-1β and improved insulin secretion. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGlucolipotocixity induces IL-1 β secretion which impairs pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion. Ellagic acid and urolithin A have strong anti-inflammatory effect on cells. Muscadine and amla are very good sources of ellagic acid. The present study examined the effect of ellagic acid, ellagic acid-rich muscadine or amla extract, or urolothin A on inflammation in β cells under glucolipotoxic conditions. Rat NIT-1 β cells were incubated in glucolipotoxic conditions (33.3 mM glucose, 250 μM palmitic acid or 33.3 mM glucose + 250 μM palmitic acid with or without ellagic acid, ellagic acid-rich muscadine or amla extracts standardized to its ellagic acid content, or urolithin A). Inflammatory status was evidenced by ELISA analysis of insulin and IL-1β secretion. Ellagic acid-rich muscadine or amla extracts dose-dependently stimulated insulin secretion and down-regulated IL-1β better than pure ellagic acid, or urolithin A. Urolithin A did not statistically stimulate insulin secretion and did not inhibit IL-1β.
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Teimouri E, Rainey-Smith SR, Bharadwaj P, Verdile G, Martins RN. Amla Therapy as a Potential Modulator of Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Factors and Physiological Change. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:713-733. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-191033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Teimouri
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Prashant Bharadwaj
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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Coupling Ultrasound with Heat-Reflux to Improve the Extraction of Quercetin, Kaempferol, Ginkgetin and Sciadopitysin from Mairei Yew Leaves. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of ultrasound and heat–reflux extraction (UHRE) was developed for separation for quercetin (QU), kaempferol (KA), ginkgetin (GI) and sciadopitysin (SC) from Mairei Yew leaves. The Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the UHRE conditions for obtaining the maximum yield of flavonoids. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: boiling 80% methanol (V/V) for extraction solvent, 20 min for the extraction time, 200 W for the ultrasonic power and 26 mL/g for the liquid–solid ratio. By UHRE, the yields of QU, KA, GI and SC were, respectively, 0.109, 0.406, 0.031 and 0.355 mg/g, and total yield of four flavonoids was 0.901 mg/g, which were, respectively, 1.25-fold and 1.23-fold higher than those by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and heating reflux extraction (HRE). Moreover, the extraction time for the equilibrium yields of flavonoids using UHRE was 83.3% and 27.8%, respectively, less than the corresponding time using UAE and HRE. Compared with HRE and UAE, UHRE showed the increase of cell disruption degree as observed by scanning electron microscopy, which may be the reason for high yield and rapid extraction of target compounds.
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Sun JM, Guo Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Lin Z. Screening and Isolation of Natural Antioxidants from Acer Ginnala Max by TLC-MS/MS Guided Bioautographic Method. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:914-921. [PMID: 31531073 PMCID: PMC6706724 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple method has been developed for the screening and identification of natural antioxidants from the leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim (AG). The process is that upon reaction with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the white yellow spots of compounds with potential antioxidant effects will be significantly observed on the thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and possible structures will be presumed by the ESI/MS technique. Using the improved approach, 6 compounds in the AG extract were found to possess a potential antioxidant activity. They were speculated as quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3"-galloyl)-rhamnoside (1), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(2"-galloyl)-rhamnoside (2), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(2"-galloyl)-arabinopyranoside (3), acertannin (4), gallic acid (5), and methyl gallate (6). In addition, we were still found that compounds 2, 3, and 5 had favorable antioxidant activity from the scannogram of the DPPH reaction plate. As a result, the isolated 6 compounds structures were in accordance with the presumed structures. Furthermore, the free radical scavenging capacities of the available identified compounds were also investigated. Compounds 2, 3, and 5 showed significant DPPH.Scavenging capacities, with IC50 values of 2.83 μg/mL, 2.34 μg/mL, and 1.86μg/mL, respectively. The results indicated that this newly improved method could be widely applied for rapid screening and identification of natural antioxidants from Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Yinan Guo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Zhe Lin
- School of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
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Jamshidi-Aidji M, Morlock GE. Fast Equivalency Estimation of Unknown Enzyme Inhibitors in Situ the Effect-Directed Fingerprint, Shown for Bacillus Lipopeptide Extracts. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14260-14268. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jamshidi-Aidji
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E. Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Chansriniyom C, Bunwatcharaphansakun P, Eaknai W, Nalinratana N, Ratanawong A, Khongkow M, Luechapudiporn R. A synergistic combination of Phyllanthus emblica and Alpinia galanga against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in human ECV304 cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Antioxidants of Phyllanthus emblica L. Bark Extract Provide Hepatoprotection against Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Damage: A Comparison with Silymarin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3876040. [PMID: 28168009 PMCID: PMC5267079 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3876040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. (amla) has been used in Ayurveda as a potent rasayan for treatment of hepatic disorders. Most of the pharmacological studies, however, are largely focused on PE fruit, while the rest of the parts of PE, particularly, bark, remain underinvestigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus emblica bark (PEE) in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content and in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by using H2O2 scavenging and ABTS decolorization assays. Our results showed that PEE was rich in total phenols (99.523 ± 1.91 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (389.33 ± 1.25 mg quercetin hydrate/g), and total tannins (310 ± 0.21 mg catechin/g), which clearly support its strong antioxidant potential. HPTLC-based quantitative analysis revealed the presence of the potent antioxidants gallic acid (25.05 mg/g) and ellagic acid (13.31 mg/g). Moreover, one-month PEE treatment (500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) followed by 30-day 70% ethanol (10 mL/kg) administration showed hepatoprotection as evidenced by significant restoration of ALT (p < 0.01), AST (p < 0.001), ALP (p < 0.05), and TP (p < 0.001) and further confirmed by liver histopathology. PEE-mediated hepatoprotection could be due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity that may be ascribed to its antioxidant components, namely, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Thus, the results of the present study support the therapeutic claims made in Ayurveda about Phyllanthus emblica.
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Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:180-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Grover AK, Samson SE. Benefits of antioxidant supplements for knee osteoarthritis: rationale and reality. Nutr J 2016; 15:1. [PMID: 26728196 PMCID: PMC4700773 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthritis causes disability due to pain and inflammation in joints. There are many forms of arthritis, one of which is osteoarthritis whose prevalence increases with age. It occurs in various joints including hip, knee and hand with knee osteoarthritis being more prevalent. There is no cure for it. The management strategies include exercise, glucosamine plus chondroitin sulfate and NSAIDs. In vitro and animal studies provide a rationale for the use of antioxidant supplements for its management. This review assesses the reality of the benefits of antioxidant supplements in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Several difficulties were encountered in examining this issue: poorly conducted studies, a lack of uniformity in disease definition and diagnosis, and muddling of conclusions from attempts to isolate the efficacious molecules. The antioxidant supplements with most evidence for benefit for pain relief and function in knee osteoarthritis were based on curcumin and avocado-soya bean unsaponifiables. Boswellia and some herbs used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine may also be useful. The benefits of cuisines with the appropriate antioxidants should be assessed because they may be more economical and easier to incorporate into the lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Grover
- Department of Medicine, HSC 4N41, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Sue E Samson
- Department of Medicine, HSC 4N41, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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Fatima N, Hafizur RM, Hameed A, Ahmed S, Nisar M, Kabir N. Ellagic acid in Emblica officinalis exerts anti-diabetic activity through the action on β-cells of pancreas. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:591-601. [PMID: 26593435 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was undertaken to explore the possible anti-diabetic mechanism(s) of Emblica officinalis (EO) and its active constituent, ellagic acid (EA), in vitro and in vivo. METHOD Neonatal streptozotocin-induced non-obese type 2 diabetic rats were treated with a methanolic extract of EO (250 or 500 mg/kg) for 28 days, and blood glucose, serum insulin, and plasma antioxidant status were measured. Insulin and glucagon immunostaining and morphometry were performed in pancreatic section, and liver TBARS and GSH levels were measured. Additionally, EA was tested for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose tolerance test. RESULTS Treatment with EO extract resulted in a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the diabetic rats. It significantly increased serum insulin in the diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. Insulin-to-glucose ratio was also increased by EO treatment. Immunostaining of pancreas showed that EO250 increased β-cell size, but EO500 increased β-cells number in diabetic rats. EO significantly increased plasma total antioxidants and liver GSH and decreased liver TBARS. EA stimulated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated islets and decreased glucose intolerance in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Ellagic acid in EO exerts anti-diabetic activity through the action on β-cells of pancreas that stimulates insulin secretion and decreases glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Fatima
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rahman M Hafizur
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Hameed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Industrial Analytical Center, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Nisar
- Industrial Analytical Center, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nurul Kabir
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Middha SK, Goyal AK, Lokesh P, Yardi V, Mojamdar L, Keni DS, Babu D, Usha T. Toxicological Evaluation of Emblica officinalis Fruit Extract and its Anti-inflammatory and Free Radical Scavenging Properties. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S427-33. [PMID: 26929577 PMCID: PMC4745213 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.168982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as Indian gooseberry or "Amla" in India, is used in Ayurveda as "rejuvenating herb" since ancient times. OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to estimate toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activities of the methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis fruit (MEO) in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidative property of MEO was assessed by in vitro assays such as phosphomolybdenum assay (total antioxidant capacity), free radical scavenging assays 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis and 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (DPPH and ABTS method) and lipid peroxidation assay (LPO). The anti-inflammatory property was evaluated by carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats by measuring rat paw volume at different time intervals and toxicological analysis using mice. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION High performance liquid chromatography studies revealed the presence of gallic acid (2.10%), mucic acid (4.90%), ellagic acid (2.10%), quercetin (28.00%), rutin (3.89%), and β-glucogallin (1.46%). MEO showed highest antioxidant activities by using DPPH (17.33-89.00%), ABTS (23.03-94.16%), nitric oxide scavenging activity (12.94-70.16%), LPO (56.54%), and phosphomolybdenum assay (142 ± 6.09 μg/ml). The LD50 was found to be approximately 1125 mg/kg (p.o). High dose of MEO showed significant reduction (72.71%) in the inflammation after 4 h of treatment, which was comparable to diclofenac (10 mg/kg) (61.57%) treated group. Significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) markers were also observed (57.25% and 35.41%, respectively) in serum of MEO treated animals as compared to control. CONCLUSION Taken together, phenolic compounds of MEO may serve as a potential herbal drug for amelioration of acute inflammation due to their modulatory action on free radicals. SUMMARY The methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis fruit (MEO) has potent antioxidant activity as assessed by DPPH, ABTS and LPO assaysMEO has potent anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced paw edema modelThe phenolic compounds of MEO might be a potential herbal drug for amelioration of acute inflammation. Abbreviations used: ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species, LPO, lipid peroxidation, NO, nitric oxide, IL, interleukin; TNF α tumor necrosis factor alpha; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs; AA, ascorbic acid; MEO, methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis fruit; ABTS+; 2,2' azino bis 3 ethylbenzthiazoline 6 sulphonic acid; DPPH, 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; MDA, malondialdehyde; DMSO, dimethyl sulphoxide; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar Middha
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Malleswarm, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Bamboo Technology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, BTAD, Assam, India
| | - Prakash Lokesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CPGS, Jain College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Varsha Yardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Malleswarm, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lavanya Mojamdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Malleswarm, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepthi Sudhir Keni
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Talambedu Usha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Malleswarm, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Mahajan S, Chauhan P, Subramani SK, Anand A, Borole D, Goswamy H, GBKS P. Evaluation of “GSPF kwath”: A Gymnema sylvestre-containing polyherbal formulation for the treatment of human type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Integr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wang G, Niu X, Shi G, Chen X, Yao R, Chen F. Functionalized graphene quantum dots loaded with free radicals combined with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to screen radical scavenging natural antioxidants from Licorice and Scutellariae. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3641-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou China
| | - XiuLi Niu
- Food Quality Supervision Inspection and Research Center; Gansu Food and Drug Administration; Lanzhou China
| | - Gaofeng Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou China
| | - Xuefu Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou China
| | - Ruixing Yao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou China
| | - Fuwen Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou China
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Tidjarat S, Winotapun W, Opanasopit P, Ngawhirunpat T, Rojanarata T. Uniaxially aligned electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers for thin layer chromatographic screening of hydroquinone and retinoic acid adulterated in cosmetics. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1367:141-7. [PMID: 25294296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Uniaxially aligned cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers were successfully fabricated by electrospinning and applied to use as stationary phase for thin layer chromatography. The control of alignment was achieved by using a drum collector rotating at a high speed of 6000 rpm. Spin time of 6h was used to produce the fiber thickness of about 10 μm which was adequate for good separation. Without any chemical modification after the electrospinning process, CA nanofibers could be readily devised for screening hydroquinone (HQ) and retinoic acid (RA) adulterated in cosmetics using the mobile phase consisting of 65:35:2.5 methanol/water/acetic acid. It was found that the separation run on the aligned nanofibers over a distance of 5 cm took less than 15 min which was two to three times faster than that on the non-aligned ones. On the aligned nanofibers, the masses of HQ and RA which could be visualized were 10 and 25 ng, respectively, which were two times lower than those on the non-aligned CA fibers and five times lower than those on conventional silica plates due to the appearance of darker and sharper of spots on the aligned nanofibers. Furthermore, the proposed method efficiently resolved HQ from RA and ingredients commonly found in cosmetic creams. Due to the satisfactory analytical performance, facile and inexpensive production process, uniaxially aligned electrospun CA nanofibers are promising alternative media for planar chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripran Tidjarat
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Weerapath Winotapun
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Theerasak Rojanarata
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand.
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Zielinsky P, Busato S. Prenatal effects of maternal consumption of polyphenol-rich foods in late pregnancy upon fetal ductus arteriosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:256-74. [PMID: 24339037 PMCID: PMC4065350 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fetal circulation has characteristic features, being morphologically and functionally different from extrauterine circulation. The ductus arteriosus plays a fundamental role in directing the blood flow to fetal inferior body parts. Basically, the ductus arteriosus directs 80-85% of the right ventricular output arising from the superior vena cava, coronary sinus, and a small part from the inferior vena cava to descending aorta. Its histological structure is made up predominantly by a thick muscular layer, differently from the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which increases with gestational age. The fibers have a circumferential orientation, especially at the external layers, facilitating and making effective ductal constriction. These factors may generate lumen alterations which may cause fetal and neonatal complications, such as heart failure, hydrops, neonatal pulmonary hypertension, and even death. Classically, maternal administration of indomethacin and/or other antiinflammatory drugs interfere in prostaglandins metabolism, causing ductal constriction. However, many cases of fetal ductal constriction, as well as of persistent neonatal pulmonary artery hypertension, remain without an established etiology, being referred as "idiopathic." In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that herbs, fruits, nuts, and a wide diversity of substances commonly used in daily diets have definitive effects upon the metabolic pathway of inflammation, with consequent inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis. This antiinflammatory action, especially of polyphenols, when ingested during the third trimester of pregnancy, may influence the dynamics of fetal ductus arteriosus flow. The goal of this review is to present these new observations and findings, which may influence dietary orientation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Zielinsky
- are from the Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Yang B, Liu P. Composition and biological activities of hydrolyzable tannins of fruits of Phyllanthus emblica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:529-41. [PMID: 24369850 DOI: 10.1021/jf404703k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fruits of emblic leafflower have been used as food and traditional medicine in Asia. A wide range of biological activities have been shown in modern research suggesting potential of the fruits as healthy food and raw material for bioactive ingredients of food. Hydrolyzable tannins are among the major bioactive components of the fruits. Mucic acid gallate, mucic acid lactone gallate, monogalloylglucose, gallic acid, digalloylglucose, putranjivain A, galloyl-HHDP-glucose, elaeocarpusin, and chebulagic acid are the most abundant hydrolyzable tannins. The compositional profiles of tannins in the fruits vary depending on the cultivars as well as ripening stages. Fruits and tannin-rich extracts of fruits have shown antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulating activities in vitro and in animal studies. The fruits and fruit extracts have manifested protective effects on organs/tissues from damages induced by chemicals, stresses, and aging in animal models. The fruits and fruit extracts have potential in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and reducing DNA damage induced by chemicals and radiation. Antioxidative activities are likely among the mechanisms of the biological activities and physiological effects. Human intervention/clinical studies are needed to investigate the bioavailability and metabolism of the tannins and to substantiate the health benefits in humans. Emblic leafflower may be a potential raw material for natural food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Pozharitskaya ON, Ivanova SA, Shikov AN, Makarov VG. Evaluation of Free Radical-Scavenging Activity of Sea Urchin Pigments Using HPTLC with Post-Chromatographic Derivatization. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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De S, Nariya P. A new, rapid online-HPTLC method for evaluation of DPPH reduction with ascorbic acid. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.26.2013.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Thilakchand KR, Mathai RT, Simon P, Ravi RT, Baliga-Rao MP, Baliga MS. Hepatoprotective properties of the Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn): a review. Food Funct 2013; 4:1431-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fujii T, Okuda T, Yasui N, Wakaizumi M, Ikami T, Ikeda K. Effects of amla extract and collagen peptide on UVB-induced photoaging in hairless mice. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Singh M, Kamal YT, Tamboli ET, Parveen R, Siddiqui KM, Zaidi SMA, Ahmad S. SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF GALLIC ACID, ELLAGIC ACID, AND ASCORBIC ACID IN EMBLICA OFFICINALIS AND IN UNANI POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS BY VALIDATED HPLC METHOD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.636468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mhaveer Singh
- a Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | - Y. T. Kamal
- a Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | - E. T. Tamboli
- a Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- b Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | | | - S. M. A. Zaidi
- d Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine (Unani) , Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- a Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
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Amla (Emblica officinalis) extract is effective in preventing high fructose diet–induced insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemic profile in ovariectomized female albino rats. Menopause 2012; 19:1146-55. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31824e5bf7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yang B, Kortesniemi M, Liu P, Karonen M, Salminen JP. Analysis of hydrolyzable tannins and other phenolic compounds in emblic leafflower (Phyllanthus emblica L.) fruits by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8672-8683. [PMID: 22889097 DOI: 10.1021/jf302925v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds were extracted from dried emblic leafflower (Phyllanthus emblica L.) fruits with methanol and separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The raw extracts and fractions were analyzed with HPLC coupled with diode array UV spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry. Mucic acid gallate, mucic acid lactone gallate, monogalloylglucose, gallic acid, digalloylglucose, putranjivain A, galloyl-HHDP-glucose, elaeocarpusin, and chebulagic acid were suggested to be the most abundant compounds in the crude methanol extracts of the fruits. In addition, 144 peaks were detected, of which 67 were tentatively identified mostly as ellagitannins, flavonoids, and simple gallic acid derivatives in the fractions. The results indicated the presence of neochebulagic acid, isomers of neochebuloyl galloylglucose, chebuloyl neochebuloyl galloylglucose, ellagic acid glycosides, quercetin glycosides, and eriodictyol coumaroyl glycosides in the fruits. The study provides a systematic report of the retention data and characteristics of UV, MS, and MS/MS spectra of the phenolic compounds in the fruits of emblic leafflower. The fruits of two varieties (Ping Dan No 1 and Fruity) from Guangxi Province differed from those of wild Tian Chuan emblic leafflower from Fujian Province in the content and profile of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoru Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Cieśla Ł, Kryszeń J, Stochmal A, Oleszek W, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. Low-temperature thin-layer chromatography preliminary bioautographic tests for detection of free radical scavengers and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in volatile samples. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.25.2012.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Golechha M, Bhatia J, Ojha S, Arya DS. Hydroalcoholic extract of Emblica officinalis protects against kainic acid-induced status epilepticus in rats: evidence for an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective intervention. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:1128-1136. [PMID: 21749189 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.571264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae), commonly known as amla, is traditionally used for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the effect of standardized hydroalcoholic extract of E. officinalis fruit (HAEEO), an Indian medicinal plant with potent antioxidant activity, was studied against kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures, cognitive deficits and on markers of oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were administered KA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and observed for behavioral changes, incidence, and latency of convulsions over 4 h. The rats were thereafter sacrificed for estimation of oxidative stress parameters: thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH). The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was also determined in the rat brain. RESULTS Pretreatment with HAEEO (500 and 700 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (P < 0.001) increased the latency of seizures as compared with the vehicle-treated KA group. HAEEO significantly prevented the increase in TBARS levels and ameliorated the fall in GSH. Furthermore, HAEEO dose-dependently attenuated the KA-induced increase in the TNF-α level in the brain. HAEEO also significantly improved the cognitive deficit induced by KA, as evidenced by increased latency in passive avoidance task. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION HAEEO at the dose of 700 mg/kg, i.p., was most effective in suppressing KA-induced seizures, cognitive decline, and oxidative stress in the brain. These neuroprotective effects may be due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of HAEEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaveer Golechha
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ojha S, Golechha M, Kumari S, Arya DS. Protective effect of Emblica officinalis (amla) on isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:399-411. [PMID: 22033422 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711413798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Emblica officinalis, commonly known as amla, is an important medicinal plant reputed for its dietary and therapeutic uses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of E. officinalis against isoproterenol (ISP)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats and elucidate the possible mechanism involved. Rats were administered E. officinalis (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (normal saline) for 30 days, with concurrent subcutaneous injections of ISP (85 mg/kg, at 24 h interval) on 29th and 30th day. ISP-induced cardiac dysfunction as evidenced by decreased mean arterial pressure, heart rate, contractility (+LVdP/dt) and relaxation (-LVdP/dt) along with increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure. ISP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and myocyte-injury-specific marker enzymes, creatine phosphokinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase in heart. A significant (p < 0.05) depletion of reduced glutathione and increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances along with histopathological alteration has further indicated the oxidative damage of myocardium. However, pretreatment with E. officinalis exhibited restoration of hemodynamic and left ventricular function along with significant preservation of antioxidants, myocytes-injury-specific marker enzymes and significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, histopathological salvage of myocardium reconfirmed the protective effects of E. officinalis. Results of the present study demonstrate cardioprotective potential of E. officinalis attributed to its potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity as evidenced by favorable improvement in hemodynamic, contractile function and tissue antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kedare SB, Singh RP. Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011; 48:412-22. [PMID: 23572765 PMCID: PMC3551182 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 847] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method offers the first approach for evaluating the antioxidant potential of a compound, an extract or other biological sources. This is the simplest method, wherein the prospective compound or extract is mixed with DPPH solution and absorbance is recorded after a defined period. However, with the advancement and sophistication in instrumental techniques, the method has undergone various modifications to suit the requirements, even though the basic approach remains same in all of them. This article presents a critical review on various developments to the DPPH method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar B Kedare
- Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR), Mysore, 570 020 India
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Emblica officinalis Exerts Antihypertensive Effect in a Rat Model of DOCA-Salt-Induced Hypertension: Role of (p) eNOS, NO and Oxidative Stress. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2011; 11:272-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang GY, Chen FF, Shi YP. Ultra-performance LC-photodiode array-eλ-ESI-MS/MS screening method for the detection of radical-scavenging natural antioxidants fromRadix et Rhizoma Rhei. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:268-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Kavitha G, Gopi S, Varadacharyulu N. Emblica officinalis Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rats. J Med Food 2011; 14:62-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pannuru Padmavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
| | - Godugu Kavitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
| | - Sriram Gopi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Zhao J, Zhang JS, Yang B, Lv GP, Li SP. Free radical scavenging activity and characterization of sesquiterpenoids in four species of Curcuma using a TLC bioautography assay and GC-MS analysis. Molecules 2010; 15:7547-57. [PMID: 21030908 PMCID: PMC6259104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15117547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The sesquiterpenoids are one of major groups of antioxidants in Curcuma besides curcuminoids. However, the real substances contributing to the antioxidant activity are still unknown. In this paper, the antioxidant activity of sesquiterpenoids in four species and two essential oils from Curcuma genus was determined and compared based on TLC separation and DPPH bioautography assay. Their antioxidant capacities were quantitatively evaluated using densitometry with detection at 530 nm (λreference = 800 nm) using vitamin C as reference. The results showed that Curcuma longa rhizomes had the highest antioxidant capacity while C. phaeocaulis presented the lowest one among the four species of Curcuma. Moreover, essential oil of C. wenyujin showed higher antioxidant potential than that of C. longa. The main TLC bands with antioxidant activity of the four species of Curcuma were collected and characterized using GC-MS, and thus curzerene, furanodiene, α-turmerone, β-turmerone and β-sesquiphellandrene were determined as major sesquiterpenoids with antioxidant activity in Curcuma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-sheng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (B.Y.); (S.-P.L.); Tel.: +86 10 64014411-2848 (B.Y.); +853-8397 4692 (S.-P.L.); Fax: +853-2884 1358 (S.-P.L.)
| | - Guang-Ping Lv
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (B.Y.); (S.-P.L.); Tel.: +86 10 64014411-2848 (B.Y.); +853-8397 4692 (S.-P.L.); Fax: +853-2884 1358 (S.-P.L.)
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Damodara Reddy V, Padmavathi P, Gopi S, Paramahamsa M, Varadacharyulu NC. Protective Effect of Emblica officinalis Against Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress in Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:419-24. [PMID: 21966117 PMCID: PMC2994578 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Emblica officinalis fruit extract (EFE) against alcohol-induced hepatic damage in rats was investigated in the present study. In vitro studies showed that EFE possesses antioxidant as well nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity. In vivo administration of alcohol (5 g/kg b.wt/day) for 60 days resulted increased liver lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, nitrite plus nitrate levels. Alcohol administration also significantly lowers the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and reduced glutathione as compared with control rats. Administration of EFE (250 mg/kg body weight) to alcoholic rats significantly brought the plasma enzymes towards near normal level and also significantly reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and restored the enzymic and non-enzymatic antioxidants level. This observation was supplemented by histopathological examination in liver. Our data indicate that the tannoid, flavonoid and NO scavenging compounds present in EFE may offer protection against free radical mediated oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes of animals with alcohol-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515 055 AP India
| | - P. Padmavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515 055 AP India
| | - S. Gopi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 560 046 AP India
| | - M. Paramahamsa
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - N. Ch. Varadacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515 055 AP India
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Polatoglu K, Demirci F, Demirci B, Gören N, Hüsnü Can Baser K. Essential Oil Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Tanacetum argenteum (Lam.) Willd. ssp. argenteum and T. densum (Lab.) Schultz Bip. ssp. amani Heywood from Turkey. J Oleo Sci 2010; 59:361-7. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.59.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Polatoglu K, Demirci F, Demirci B, Gören N, Can Baser KH. Antimicrobial Activity and Essential Oil Composition of a New T. argyrophyllum (C. Koch) Tvzel var. argyrophyllum Chemotype. J Oleo Sci 2010; 59:307-13. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.59.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Polatoglu K, Demirci F, Demirci B, Gören N, Baser KHC. Antibacterial Activity and the Variation of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip. Essential Oils from Turkey. J Oleo Sci 2010; 59:177-84. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.59.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sharma A, Sharma MK, Kumar M. Modulatory role of Emblica officinalis fruit extract against arsenic induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Poltanov EA, Shikov AN, Dorman HJD, Pozharitskaya ON, Makarov VG, Tikhonov VP, Hiltunen R. Chemical and antioxidant evaluation of Indian gooseberry (emblica officinalis
gaertn., syn. phyllanthus emblica
L.) supplements. Phytother Res 2009; 23:1309-15. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tang D, Li HJ, Chen J, Guo CW, Li P. Rapid and simple method for screening of natural antioxidants from Chinese herb Flos Lonicerae Japonicae by DPPH-HPLC-DAD-TOF/MS. J Sep Sci 2009; 31:3519-26. [PMID: 18830958 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and simple method has been developed for the screening and identification of natural antioxidants of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae (FLJ), derived from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. The hypothesis is that upon reaction with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the peak areas (PAs) of compounds with potential antioxidant effects in the HPLC chromatograms will be significantly reduced or disappeared, and the identity confirmation could be achieved by HPLC-DAD-TOF/MS hyphenated technique. Using the proposed approach, about 14 compounds in the FLJ extract were found to possess a potential antioxidant activity. They were identified as chlorogenic acid (1), 1-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1-O-CQA, 2), caffeic acid (4), 4-O-CQA (5), rutin (7), isoquercitrin (8), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (9), lonicerin (10), 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4,5-O-diCQA, 11), 3,5-O-diCQA (12), 1,3-O-diCQA (13), 3,4-O-diCQA (14), 1,4-O-diCQA (16), and luteolin (17). In addition, the free radical scavenging capacities of the available identified compounds were also investigated by HPLC assay. The results indicated that the compounds with PAs significantly decreasing were natural antioxidants, whereas those with PAs not changing presented no activities, which accordingly indicated that this newly proposed method could be widely applied for rapid screening and identification of natural antioxidants from complex matrices including Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Majeed M, Bhat B, Jadhav AN, Srivastava JS, Nagabhushanam K. Ascorbic acid and tannins from Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Fruits--a revisit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:220-225. [PMID: 19063633 DOI: 10.1021/jf802900b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (Euphorbiaceae), also known as amla in Ayurveda, are considered to be a rich source of ascorbic acid. However, the antioxidant activities exhibited by E. officinalis extract are superior to those of ascorbic acid itself. Low molecular hydrolyzable tannins emblicanins A and B have been suggested in the earlier literature to be the contributory antioxidant molecules in the extract. This work finds no evidence for the presence of emblicanins A and B in the extract. In addition, the high content of ascorbic acid is also questionable due to previous nonidentification of coeluting mucic acid gallates. This paper reports a new HPLC method to detect even trace amounts of ascorbic acid in E. officinalis fruit juice or extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Ltd, I Main, II Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, India
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