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Bai X, Tang J. TRIM proteins in breast cancer: Function and mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 640:26-31. [PMID: 36495607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in the world, and despite tremendous progress in current treatment strategies, recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer remain the major causes of death in patients. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins play a critical role in the tumor progression such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the TRIM protein family serve as cancer suppressor proteins or oncoproteins in breast cancer. This review focused on the roles and molecular mechanisms of TRIM protein in breast cancer. Importantly, it provides new insights that TRIM proteins may be ideal targets to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bai
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Jianming Tang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
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2
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Tripartite motif 16 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by promoting the degradation of phospho-TAK1. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1372-1388.e7. [PMID: 34146477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related hepatocellular carcinoma and liver disorders have become the leading causes for the need of liver transplantation in developed countries. Lipotoxicity plays a central role in NASH progression by causing endoplasmic reticulum stress and disrupting protein homeostasis. To identify key molecules that mitigate the detrimental consequences of lipotoxicity, we performed integrative multiomics analysis and identified the E3 ligase tripartite motif 16 (TRIM16) as a candidate molecule. In particular, we found that lipid accumulation and inflammation in a mouse NASH model is mitigated by TRIM16 overexpression but aggravated by its depletion. Multiomics analysis showed that TRIM16 suppressed NASH progression by attenuating the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway; specifically, by preferentially interacting with phospho-TAK1 to promote its degradation. Together, these results identify TRIM16 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of NASH.
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3
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Identification of Prognostic alternative splicing signatures and their clinical significance in uveal melanoma. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108666. [PMID: 34129849 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism, alternative splicing (AS) has the potential to generate a large amount of protein diversity from limited genes. The purpose of our study was to assess the usefulness of prognostic splicing events as novel diagnostic and therapeutic signatures for uveal melanoma (UM). The datasets, clinical traits and AS data of UM were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and TCGA SpliceSeq database. Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified 1047 AS events as candidate AS events closely related to prognosis from 920 parent genes. The gene enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly enriched in cellular components (CC) including cytosol, nucleoplasm, cytoplasm and ribosome, and in molecular functions (MF), including protein binding and poly(A) RNA binding. Furthermore, we selected all survival-associated splicing events to generate prognostic signatures, which included 4 exon skip (ES) events (DNASE1L1-90581-ES, NUDT1-78611-ES, BIN1-55198-ES, SEPN1-1195-ES) and 1 alternate promoter (AP) event (DPYSL2-83132-AP). The AS prognostic model was confirmed as independent overall survival (OS)-related factors (p = 0.014). A total of 17 splicing factors (SFs) involved in the regulation of AS were identified as related to the OS of UM patients. Our pooled data highlighted the usefulness and importance of AS biomarkers, which provided a potential strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of UM.
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4
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Gravemeyer J, Lange A, Ritter C, Spassova I, Song L, Picard D, Remke M, Horny K, Sriram A, Gambichler T, Schadendorf D, Hoffmann D, Becker JC. Classical and Variant Merkel Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines Display Different Degrees of Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1675-1686.e4. [PMID: 33600825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer characterized by high invasiveness, early metastases, and high mortality. Because of the lack of suitable animal models, most functional studies are performed using cell lines, some of which lack classical neuroendocrine growth characteristics. Here, we scrutinized the molecular characteristics of classical MCC and variant MCC cell lines by differential gene expression and the respective epigenetic regulation by microRNAs and DNA methylation. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were used for comparison. The most striking observation was a lower expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in classical MCCs, which was accompanied by higher expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-regulating microRNA clusters miR-200c-141 and miR-183-96-182 and hypomethylation of the respective microRNA loci. Experimental expression of the MCC lineage factor ATOH1 in variant MCCs resulted in an increased expression of miR-200c-141 paralleled by a reduction of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thus demonstrating a connection between neuroendocrine characteristics and the lack of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Together, our observations not only reinforce concerns about the use of variant MCCs as proper MCC representatives, but also suggest variant MCCs as cells locked in an intermediate state between neuroendocrine and epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gravemeyer
- Group of Translational Skin Cancer Research (TSCR), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Lange
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Cathrin Ritter
- Group of Translational Skin Cancer Research (TSCR), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivelina Spassova
- Group of Translational Skin Cancer Research (TSCR), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lina Song
- Group of Translational Skin Cancer Research (TSCR), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Picard
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Horny
- Group of Translational Skin Cancer Research (TSCR), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashwin Sriram
- Group of Translational Skin Cancer Research (TSCR), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Gambichler
- Skin Cancer Center, Department for Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Group of Translational Skin Cancer Research (TSCR), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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5
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Everts HB, Akuailou EN. Retinoids in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Nutrients 2021; 13:E153. [PMID: 33466372 PMCID: PMC7824907 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies as early as the 1920s suggested that vitamin A deficiency leads to squamous cell metaplasia in numerous epithelial tissues including the skin. However, humans usually die from vitamin A deficiency before cancers have time to develop. A recent long-term cohort study found that high dietary vitamin A reduced the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). cSCC is a form of nonmelanoma skin cancer that primarily occurs from excess exposure to ultraviolet light B (UVB). These cancers are expensive to treat and can lead to metastasis and death. Oral synthetic retinoids prevent the reoccurrence of cSCC, but side effects limit their use in chemoprevention. Several proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism and signaling are altered in cSCC, which may lead to retinoid resistance. The expression of vitamin A metabolism proteins may also have prognostic value. This article reviews what is known about natural and synthetic retinoids and their metabolism in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen B Everts
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76209, USA
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6
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Withaferin A activates TRIM16 for its anti-cancer activity in melanoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19724. [PMID: 33184347 PMCID: PMC7665169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although selective BRAF inhibitors and novel immunotherapies have improved short-term treatment responses in metastatic melanoma patients, acquired resistance to these therapeutics still represent a major challenge in clinical practice. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Withaferin A (WFA), derived from the medicinal plant Withania Somnifera, as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of melanoma. WFA showed selective toxicity to melanoma cells compared to non-malignant cells. WFA induced apoptosis, significantly reduced cell proliferation and inhibited migration of melanoma cells. We identified that repression of the tumour suppressor TRIM16 diminished WFA cytotoxicity, suggesting that TRIM16 was in part responsible for the cytotoxic effects of WFA in melanoma cells. Together our data indicates that WFA has potent cytopathic effects on melanoma cells through TRIM16, suggesting a potential therapeutic application of WFA in the disease.
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7
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Tian H, Lian R, Li Y, Liu C, Liang S, Li W, Tao T, Wu X, Ye Y, Yang X, Han J, Chen X, Li J, He Y, Li M, Wu J, Cai J. AKT-induced lncRNA VAL promotes EMT-independent metastasis through diminishing Trim16-dependent Vimentin degradation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5127. [PMID: 33046716 PMCID: PMC7550350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of AKT overactivation in tumor progression, results from clinical trials of various AKT inhibitors remain suboptimal, suggesting that AKT-driven tumor metastasis needs to be further understood. Herein, based on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) profiling induced by active AKT, we identify that VAL (Vimentin associated lncRNA, LINC01546), which is directly induced by AKT/STAT3 signaling, functions as a potent pro-metastatic molecule and is essential for active AKT-induced tumor invasion, metastasis and anoikis resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD). Impressively, chemosynthetic siRNAs against VAL shows great therapeutic potential in AKT overactivation-driven metastasis. Interestingly, similar to activated AKT in LAD cells, although unable to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), VAL exerts potent pro-invasive and pro-metastatic effects through directly binding to Vimentin and competitively abrogating Trim16-depedent Vimentin polyubiquitination and degradation. Taken together, our study provides an interesting demonstration of a lncRNA-mediated mechanism for active AKT-driven EMT-independent LAD metastasis and indicates the great potential of targeting VAL or Vimentin stability as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Lian
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenying Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujun Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyu Tao
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingui Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaokai Ye
- Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Han
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yukai He
- Department of Medicine and Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Mengfeng Li
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jueheng Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junchao Cai
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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TRIM16 protects from OGD/R-induced oxidative stress in cultured hippocampal neurons by enhancing Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling via downregulation of Keap1. Exp Cell Res 2020; 391:111988. [PMID: 32251645 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif 16 (TRIM16) has emerged as a novel oxidative stress-responsive protein that confers cytoprotective effects by reinforcing the cellular antioxidant system. However, whether TRIM16 is involved in regulating oxidative stress during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential function and molecular mechanism of TRIM16 in regulating oxidative stress in neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. Here, we found that OGD/R exposure resulted in a significant induction of TRIM16 expression in neurons. Depletion of TRIM16 by siRNA-mediated gene knockdown markedly upregulated the sensitivity of neurons to OGD/R-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Notably, upregulation of TRIM16 expression significantly alleviated OGD/R-induced apoptosis and ROS generation in neurons. Moreover, TRIM16 overexpression markedly increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and enhanced Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) activation associated with downregulation of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expression. Restoration of Keap1 significantly reversed the TRIM16-mediated promotion effect on Nrf2/ARE activation. In addition, knockdown of Nrf2 also markedly abrogated the TRIM16-conferred neuroprotective effect in OGD/R-exposed neurons. Taken together, our results of our study demonstrate that induction of TRIM16 confers a cytoprotective effect in OGD/R-exposed neurons through enhancement of Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling via downregulation of Keap1. These findings suggest that TRIM16 may play a critical role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and serve as a promising target for neuroprotection.
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9
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Wu G, Xu Y, Li L, Li J, Ruan N, Dong J, Si Z, Xia Q, Wang Q. Tripartite-motif family genes associated with cancer stem cells affect tumor progression and can assist in the clinical prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2905-2916. [PMID: 33173411 PMCID: PMC7646106 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is presently a hot topic in the field of oncology. The tripartite-motif (TRIM) family of proteins represents one of the largest classes of putative single protein RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligases, which play an essential role in the ubiquitination of proteins in the body. At the same time, research related to cancer stem cells (CSCs) is increasing in popularity in the field of oncology. CSCs are potentially chemically resistant and can be selectively enriched in patients receiving chemotherapy, ultimately leading to adverse outcomes, such as treatment failure and cancer recurrence. There is a close relationship between multiple TRIM family genes and CSCs. Accumulating evidence suggests that TRIM family proteins are expressed in diverse human cancers and act as regulators of oncoproteins or tumor suppressor proteins. In this study, we used biological information to explore the potential function of TRIM family genes related to CSCs in the development of pan-cancer. Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors in the world. Owing to its complex molecular and cellular heterogeneity, the effectiveness of existing KIRC-related risk prediction models is not satisfactory at present. Therefore, we focused on the potential role of these TRIM family genes in KIRC and used seven TRIM family genes to establish a prognostic risk model. This model includes TRIM16, TRIM32, TRIM24, TRIM8, TRIM27, PML, and TRIM11. In conclusion, this study provides further insight into the prognosis of KIRC, which may guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Yingkun Xu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jianyi Li
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Ningke Ruan
- The Nursing College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Zhuyuan Si
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Qifei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
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10
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Transcription factors Brn-3α and TRIM16 in cancers, association with hormone reception. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02090. [PMID: 31463379 PMCID: PMC6708992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones, regulating normal physiological processes of most tissues and organs, are considered to be one of the key factors in the development of hormone-dependent cancer and formation of the hormone-resistant tumor phenotype. Recently, the importance of the system for control of hormone receptors expression mediated by nuclear peptides became evident. This system is involved in the regulation of normal physiological processes, in the pathogenesis of many diseases as well as oncogenesis. In the review, we discuss the relationships of the two regulatory peptides – Brn-3α, TRIM16 with hormone receptors. The transcription factor Brn-3α is able to affect the transcription activity of androgen and estrogen receptors. It is observed the participation of TRIM16 protein in the pathogenesis of hormone-dependent tumors due to its "anti-estrogenic effect". Additionally, they are involved in the key intracellular processes, such as proliferation, cell differentiation, and programmed death - apoptosis. Thus, Brn-3α and TRIM16 are associated with cancer development and progression. By understanding these alterations, we can identify potential markers and novel biochemical therapeutic targets. It makes clear the association between classical hormone-dependent tumors and less sensitive ones with the modification in the level of hormone receptors.
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11
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Sutton SK, Cheung BB, Massudi H, Tan O, Koach J, Mayoh C, Carter DR, Marshall GM. Heterozygous loss of keratinocyte TRIM16 expression increases melanocytic cell lesions and lymph node metastasis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2241-2250. [PMID: 31342168 PMCID: PMC6708510 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The tripartite motif (TRIM)16 acts as a tumour suppressor in both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. TRIM16 is known to be secreted by keratinocytes, but no studies have been reported yet to assess the relationship between TRIM16 keratinocyte expression and melanoma development. METHODS To study the role of TRIM16 in skin cancer development, we developed a keratinocyte TRIM16-specific knockout mouse model, and used the classical two-stage skin carcinogenesis challenge method, to assess the loss of keratinocyte TRIM16 on both papilloma, SCC and melanoma development in the skin after topical carcinogen treatment. RESULTS Heterozygous, but not homozygous, TRIM16 knockout mice exhibited an accelerated development of skin papillomas and melanomas, larger melanoma lesions and an increased potential for lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that keratinocyte loss of the putative melanoma tumour suppressor protein, TRIM16, enhances melanomagenesis. Our data also suggest that TRIM16 expression in keratinocytes is involved in cross talk between keratinocytes and melanocytes, and has a role in melanoma tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina K Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| | - Hassina Massudi
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Owen Tan
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Koach
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia. .,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
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12
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Hassan S, Purdie KJ, Wang J, Harwood CA, Proby CM, Pourreyron C, Mladkova N, Nagano A, Dhayade S, Athineos D, Caley M, Mannella V, Blyth K, Inman GJ, Leigh IM. A Unique Panel of Patient-Derived Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines Provides a Preclinical Pathway for Therapeutic Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3428. [PMID: 31336867 PMCID: PMC6678499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) incidence continues to rise with increasing morbidity and mortality, with limited treatment options for advanced disease. Future improvements in targeted therapy will rely on advances in genomic/transcriptomic understanding and the use of model systems for basic research. We describe here the panel of 16 primary and metastatic cSCC cell lines developed and characterised over the past three decades in our laboratory in order to provide such a resource for future preclinical research and drug screening. METHODS Primary keratinocytes were isolated from cSCC tumours and metastases, and cell lines were established. These were characterised using short tandem repeat (STR) profiling and genotyped by whole exome sequencing. Multiple in vitro assays were performed to document their morphology, growth characteristics, migration and invasion characteristics, and in vivo xenograft growth. RESULTS STR profiles of the cSCC lines allow the confirmation of their unique identity. Phylogenetic trees derived from exome sequence analysis of the matched primary and metastatic lines provide insight into the genetic basis of disease progression. The results of in vivo and in vitro analyses allow researchers to select suitable cell lines for specific experimentation. CONCLUSIONS There are few well-characterised cSCC lines available for widespread preclinical experimentation and drug screening. The described cSCC cell line panel provides a critical tool for in vitro and in vivo experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakinah Hassan
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Karin J Purdie
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Barts Cancer Institute, QMUL, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Division of Cancer, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Celine Pourreyron
- Division of Cancer, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Nikol Mladkova
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Ai Nagano
- Barts Cancer Institute, QMUL, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sandeep Dhayade
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Dimitris Athineos
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Matthew Caley
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Viviana Mannella
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1GH, UK
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK.
- Division of Cancer, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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13
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Routray S. How far can regulating TRIM16 help reduce malignant transformation of OPMD’s to OSCC? Oral Oncol 2019; 90:123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Li Q, Chen K, Dong R, Lu H. LncRNA CASC2 inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells via regulating the miR-214/TRIM16 axis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40846-40855. [PMID: 35557905 PMCID: PMC9091572 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09573f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been frequently observed in various cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are closely associated with cancer progression. Previous studies also found that low expression of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) functioned as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC. Our study aimed to explore the detailed molecular mechanism of CASC2 involved in NSCLC progression. Methods: The expressions of CASC2, tripartite motif-containing protein 16 (TRIM16) and miR-214 in NSCLC tissues and cells were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) or western blot. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to evaluate apoptosis. Autophagy was assessed using green fluorescent protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3α (GFP-LC3) puncta analysis, acridine orange (AO) staining and western blot. Luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down and immunofluorescence staining were employed to explore the association between CASC2, TRIM16 and miR-214. Results: CASC2 and TRIM16 expressions were significantly downregulated and miR-214 expression was dramatically upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. Overexpression of CASC2 induced apoptosis and inhibited autophagy in NSCLC cells. miR-214 was bound to CASC2 and its knockdown reversed the regulatory effect of CASC2 inhibition on apoptosis and autophagy in NSCLC cells. Moreover, TRIM16 was validated as a target of miR-214 and its interference attenuated miR-214 knockdown-mediated promotion of apoptosis and inhibition of autophagy. Besides, CASC2 enhanced TRIM16 expression through functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-214 in NSCLC cells. Conclusion: lncRNA CASC2 inhibited autophagy and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells via regulating the miR-214/TRIM16 axis, shedding light on the mechanism underlying NSCLC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Respiratory, People's Hospital of Rizhao 276800 China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Respiratory, People's Hospital of Rizhao 276800 China
| | - Rong Dong
- Department of Respiratory, People's Hospital of Rizhao 276800 China
| | - Hengxiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital No.151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District Weifang 261041 China +86-0536-8192133
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15
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Sutton SK, Carter DR, Kim P, Tan O, Arndt GM, Zhang XD, Baell J, Noll BD, Wang S, Kumar N, McArthur GA, Cheung BB, Marshall GM. A novel compound which sensitizes BRAF wild-type melanoma cells to vemurafenib in a TRIM16-dependent manner. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52166-52178. [PMID: 27447557 PMCID: PMC5239542 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for better therapeutic options for advanced melanoma patients, particularly those without the BRAFV600E/K mutation. In melanoma cells, loss of TRIM16 expression is a marker of cell migration and metastasis, while the BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, induces melanoma cell growth arrest in a TRIM16-dependent manner. Here we identify a novel small molecule compound which sensitized BRAF wild-type melanoma cells to vemurafenib. High throughput, cell-based, chemical library screening identified a compound (C012) which significantly reduced melanoma cell viability, with limited toxicity for normal human fibroblasts. When combined with the BRAFV600E/K inhibitor, vemurafenib, C012 synergistically increased vemurafenib potency in 5 BRAFWT and 4 out of 5 BRAFV600E human melanoma cell lines (Combination Index: CI < 1), and, dramatically reduced colony forming ability. In addition, this drug combination was significantly anti-tumorigenic in vivo in a melanoma xenograft mouse model. The combination of vemurafenib and C012 markedly increased expression of TRIM16 protein, and knockdown of TRIM16 significantly reduced the growth inhibitory effects of the vemurafenib and C012 combination. These findings suggest that the combination of C012 and vemurafenib may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of melanoma, and, that reactivation of TRIM16 may be an effective strategy for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina K Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- Children's Cancer Institute for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick Kim
- Children's Cancer Institute for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Owen Tan
- Children's Cancer Institute for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Greg M Arndt
- Children's Cancer Institute for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research Oncology and Immunology Unit, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin D Noll
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Grant A McArthur
- Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Ireland AM, Harvey NT, Berry BD, Wood BA. Paediatric cutaneous adnexal tumours: a study of 559 cases. Pathology 2017; 49:50-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Qi L, Lu Z, Sun YH, Song HT, Xu WK. TRIM16 suppresses the progression of prostate tumors by inhibiting the Snail signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1734-1742. [PMID: 27748839 PMCID: PMC5117739 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma is a devastating disease which is characterized by insidious early symptoms, rapid progression and a poor prognosis. Tripartite motif-containing protein 16 (TRIM16) was identified as an estrogen- and antiestrogen-regulated gene in epithelial cells stably expressing estrogen receptors. The protein encoded by this gene contains two B-box domains and a coiled-coiled region that are characteristic of the B-box zinc finger protein family. Proteins belonging to this family have been reported to be involved in a variety of biological processes including cell growth, differentiation and pathogenesis. TRIM16 expression has been detected in most tissues. However, the funtions of this gene remain to be elucidated. In the present study, immunohistochemical staining revealed that the expression of TRIM16 was decreased in prostate adenocarcinoma compared with that in normal prostate tissues. The patients with high TRIM16-expressing tumors had a significantly greater survival than those with low TRIM16-expressing tumors. Western blot analysis showed that TRIM16 was downregulated in distant metastatic cancer tissues compared with that in non-distant metastatic cancer tissues. The overexpression of TRIM16 inhibited the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells as well as inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process, whereas TRIM16 depletion enhanced these processes. Moreover, TRIM16 inhibited the Snail signaling pathway. The silencing of Snail by small interfering RNA was performed in order to determine the role of Snail in the TRIM16-mediated tumor phenotype. Taken together, these findings suggest that TRIM16 may be an important molecular target which may aid in the design of novel therapeutic agents for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Clinical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lu
- Clinical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hong Sun
- Clinical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Song
- Clinical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Kang Xu
- Clinical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
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18
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Tan H, Qi J, Chu G, Liu Z. Tripartite Motif 16 Inhibits the Migration and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 25:551-558. [PMID: 27737724 PMCID: PMC7841104 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14758370595285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif 16 (TRIM16), a member of the RING B-box coiled-coil (RBCC)/tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, has been shown to play a role in tumor development and progression. However, the role of TRIM16 in ovarian cancer has never been revealed. Thus, in this study, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of TRIM16 in ovarian cancer. Our results demonstrated that TRIM16 expression was low in ovarian cancer cell lines. In addition, overexpression of TRIM16 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion in vitro, as well as suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, overexpression of TRIM16 greatly inhibited the protein expression levels of Shh, Smo, Ptc, Gli-1, MMP2, and MMP9 in ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that TRIM16 inhibits the migration and invasion via suppressing the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cells. Thus, TRIM16 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Tan
- Department of Gynecology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Gynecology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Chu
- Department of Gynecology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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19
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Chauhan S, Kumar S, Jain A, Ponpuak M, Mudd MH, Kimura T, Choi SW, Peters R, Mandell M, Bruun JA, Johansen T, Deretic V. TRIMs and Galectins Globally Cooperate and TRIM16 and Galectin-3 Co-direct Autophagy in Endomembrane Damage Homeostasis. Dev Cell 2016; 39:13-27. [PMID: 27693506 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Selective autophagy performs an array of tasks to maintain intracellular homeostasis, sterility, and organellar and cellular functionality. The fidelity of these processes depends on precise target recognition and limited activation of the autophagy apparatus in a localized fashion. Here we describe cooperation in such processes between the TRIM family and Galectin family of proteins. TRIMs, which are E3 ubiquitin ligases, displayed propensity to associate with Galectins. One specific TRIM, TRIM16, interacted with Galectin-3 in a ULK1-dependent manner. TRIM16, through integration of Galectin- and ubiquitin-based processes, coordinated recognition of membrane damage with mobilization of the core autophagy regulators ATG16L1, ULK1, and Beclin 1 in response to damaged endomembranes. TRIM16 affected mTOR, interacted with TFEB, and influenced TFEB's nuclear translocation. The cooperation between TRIM16 and Galectin-3 in targeting and activation of selective autophagy protects cells from lysosomal damage and Mycobacterium tuberculosis invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Chauhan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, Northeast, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, Northeast, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ashish Jain
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marisa Ponpuak
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, Northeast, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI, Rachathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Michal H Mudd
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, Northeast, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Tomonori Kimura
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, Northeast, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Seong Won Choi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, Northeast, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ryan Peters
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, Northeast, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michael Mandell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, Northeast, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jack-Ansgar Bruun
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, Northeast, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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20
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Kim PY, Tan O, Liu B, Trahair T, Liu T, Haber M, Norris MD, Marshall GM, Cheung BB. High TDP43 expression is required for TRIM16-induced inhibition of cancer cell growth and correlated with good prognosis of neuroblastoma and breast cancer patients. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:315-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Li L, Dong L, Qu X, Jin S, Lv X, Tan G. Tripartite motif 16 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1639-49. [PMID: 26892350 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif 16 (TRIM16), a member of the RING B-box coiled-coil (RBCC)/tripartite totif (TRIM) protein family, has been demonstrated to have significant effects on tumor migration by previous studies, but its specific contribution to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of TRIM16 and investigate its functional roles in HCC. The expression of TRIM16 in HCC patient samples were examined using qRT-PCR and western blotting. HCC cell lines with either TRIM16 overexpression or knockdown were established. The effect of TRIM16 on HCC cell migration and invasion was investigated using these cells. Compared with paired normal liver tissues in clinical cancer samples, we found that the expression of TRIM16 was significantly downregulated in HCC lesions. We also found knockdown of TRIM16 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a manner associated with HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, TRIM16 inhibited ZEB2 expression, which in turn inhibited transcription of the pivotal ZEB2 target gene E-cadherin. RNA interference-mediated silencing of ZEB2 attenuated shTRIM16-enhanced cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, our findings define TRIM16 as an inhibitor of EMT and metastasis in HCC that predicts poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- The 4th Medical Department of Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Dadong District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Qu
- Department of Second Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Xigang District, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Xiupeng Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Guang Tan
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
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22
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Yan Y, Shen Z, Gao Z, Cao J, Yang Y, Wang B, Shen C, Mao S, Jiang K, Ye Y, Wang S. Long noncoding ribonucleic acid specific for distant metastasis of gastric cancer is associated with TRIM16 expression and facilitates tumor cell invasion in vitro. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1367-75. [PMID: 25866896 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Increasing evidence has indicated that long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) play a major role in cancers. Although certain lncRNAs has been reported to play a role in gastric cancer (GC), specific lncRNAs involved in distant metastasis of GC remain unknown. METHODS Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs between stage IV and non-stage IV GC were obtained by microarray. Gene ontology and pathway analysis were used to study functions of differential mRNAs. Algorithms were used to predict potential gene targets of cis or trans-acting lncRNAs. Network analysis was performed to analyze each pair of gene-lncRNA, gene-gene, or lncRNA-lncRNA interactions. Expression of lncRNA special for distant metastasis of GC (SDMGC) and target gene TRIM16 were tested in GC tissues and cell lines. RNAi and overexpression were used to observe the biological functions of SDMGC and TRIM16 on GC cells. RESULTS 502 mRNAs and 440 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. 74 gene ontology terms and 38 pathways were associated with the dysregulated transcripts. Fourteen core factors were determined by network analysis. Expression of SDMGC and TRIM16 was upregulated in the distant metastasis tissues, compared with primary GC tissues, which were positive correlation. Silencing of SDMGC or TRIM16 was demonstrated to decrease cell invasion and migration, while upregulated of SDMGC or TRIM16 could promote cell invasion and migration. However, little effect on proliferation, cell cycle, colony formation, and apoptosis was found. CONCLUSIONS SDMGC is obviously upregulated in stage IV GC and may represent a new marker and therapeutic target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Yan
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Gao
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqiang Mao
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kewei Jiang
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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23
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TRIM16 inhibits proliferation and migration through regulation of interferon beta 1 in melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10127-39. [PMID: 25333256 PMCID: PMC4259410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High basal or induced expression of the tripartite motif protein, TRIM16, leads to reduce cell growth and migration of neuroblastoma and skin squamous cell carcinoma cells. However, the role of TRIM16 in melanoma is currently unknown. TRIM16 protein levels were markedly reduced in human melanoma cell lines, compared with normal human epidermal melanocytes due to both DNA methylation and reduced protein stability. TRIM16 knockdown strongly increased cell migration in normal human epidermal melanocytes, while TRIM16 overexpression reduced cell migration and proliferation of melanoma cells in an interferon beta 1 (IFNβ1)-dependent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed TRIM16 directly bound the IFNβ1 gene promoter. Low level TRIM16 expression in 91 melanoma patient samples, strongly correlated with lymph node metastasis, and, predicted poor patient prognosis in a separate cohort of 170 melanoma patients with lymph node metastasis. The BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, increased TRIM16 protein levels in melanoma cells in vitro, and induced growth arrest in BRAF-mutant melanoma cells in a TRIM16-dependent manner. High levels of TRIM16 in melanoma tissues from patients treated with Vemurafenib correlated with clinical response. Our data, for the first time, demonstrates TRIM16 is a marker of cell migration and metastasis, and a novel treatment target in melanoma.
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24
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Tripartite motif 16 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis by down-regulating sonic hedgehog pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:1021-8. [PMID: 25843803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was to examine the effect of Tripartite motif 16 (TRIM16) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and its clinical significance in NSCLC. The correlation of TRIM16 expression and clinical features of NSCLC was analyzed in paraffin-embedded archived normal lung tissues and NSCLC tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. The effect of TRIM16 on EMT and metastasis was examined both in vitro and in vivo. The expression of TRIM16 was markedly decreased in NSCLC and correlated with tumor metastasis. Upregulation of TRIM16 significantly inhibited EMT and metastasis of NSCLC cells. In contrast, silencing TRIM16 expression significantly promoted the EMT and metastasis of NSCLC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that downregulation of TRIM16 activated the sonic hedgehog pathway, and that inhibition of the sonic hedgehog pathway by cyclopamine abrogated the effect of TRIM16-downregulation induced EMT and metastasis on NSCLC cells. Our results suggest that TRIM16 is a potential pharmacologic target for the treatment of NSCLC and promotion TRIM16 expression might represent a novel strategy to NSCLC metastasis.
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25
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Abstract
Innate immune detection and subsequent immune responses rely on the initial recognition of pathogen specific molecular motifs. Foreign nucleic acids are key structures recognised by the immune system, recognition of which occurs mainly through the use of nucleic acid receptors including members of the Toll-like receptors, AIM2-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors and intracellular DNA receptors. While the immune system is critically important in protecting the host from infection, it is of utmost importance that it is tightly regulated, in order to prevent recognition of self-nucleic acids and the subsequent development of autoimmunity. Defects in the mechanisms regulating such pathways, for example mutations in endonucleases that clear DNA, altered expression of nucleic acid sensors and defects in negative regulators of these signalling pathways involved in RNA/DNA sensing, have all been implicated in promoting the generation of autoimmune responses. This evidence, as reviewed here, suggests that novel therapeutics targeting these sensors and their downstream pathways may be of use in the treatment of patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán Smith
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RCSI Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caroline Jefferies
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RCSI Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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26
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Kim PY, Rahmanto AS, Tan O, Norris MD, Haber M, Marshall GM, Cheung BB. TRIM16 overexpression induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-2 in cancer cells. Apoptosis 2013; 18:639-51. [PMID: 23404198 PMCID: PMC3618413 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TRIM16 exhibits tumour suppressor functions by interacting with cytoplasmic vimentin and nuclear E2F1 proteins in neuroblastoma and squamous cell carcinoma cells, reducing cell migration and replication. Reduced TRIM16 expression in a range of human primary malignant tissues correlates with increased malignant potential. TRIM16 also induces apoptosis in breast and lung cancer cells, by unknown mechanisms. Here we show that overexpression of TRIM16 induces apoptosis in human breast cancer (MCF7) and neuroblastoma (BE(2)-C) cells, but not in non-malignant HEK293 cells. TRIM16 increased procaspase-2 protein levels in MCF7 and induced caspase-2 activity in both MCF7 and BE(2)-C cells. We show that TRIM16 and caspase-2 proteins directly interact in both MCF7 and BE(2)-C cells and co-localise in MCF7 cells. Most importantly, the induction of caspase-2 activity is required for TRIM16 to initiate apoptosis. Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which TRIM16 can promote apoptosis by directly modulating caspase-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Kim
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
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Bell JL, Malyukova A, Kavallaris M, Marshall GM, Cheung BB. TRIM16 inhibits neuroblastoma cell proliferation through cell cycle regulation and dynamic nuclear localization. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:889-98. [PMID: 23422002 PMCID: PMC3637347 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in childhood and represents 15% of all children's cancer deaths. We have previously demonstrated that tripartite motif 16 (TRIM16), a member of the RING B-box coiled-coil (RBCC)/tripartite totif (TRIM) protein family, has significant effects on neuroblastoma proliferation and migration in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. However, the mechanism by which this putative tumor suppressor influences cell proliferation and tumorigenicity was undetermined. Here we show, for the first time, TRIM16's striking pattern of expression and dynamic localization during cell cycle progression and neuroblastoma tumor development. In a tyrosine hydroxylase MYCN (TH-MYCN) neuroblastoma mouse model, immunohistochemical staining revealed strong nuclear TRIM16 expression in differentiating ganglia cells but not in the tumor-initiating cells. Furthermore in vitro studies clearly demonstrated that during G 1 cell cycle phase, TRIM16 protein expression is upregulated and shifts to the nucleus of cells. TRIM16 also plays a role in cell cycle progression through changes in Cyclin D1 and p27 expression. Importantly, using TRIM16 deletion mutants, an uncharacterized protein domain of TRIM16 was found to be required for both TRIM16's growth inhibitory effects and its nuclear localization. Taken together, our data suggest that TRIM16 acts as a novel regulator of both neuroblastoma G 1/S progression and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bell
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW Australia
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Leighton S, Kok LF, Halliday GM, Byrne SN. Inhibition of UV-induced uric acid production using Allopurinol prevents suppression of the contact hypersensitivity response. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:189-94. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary M. Halliday
- Discipline of Dermatology; Bosch Institute; Faculty of Medicine; Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney; NSW; Australia
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Afzal A, Oriqat G, Akram Khan M, Jose J, Afzal M. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Terpenoids fromCurcumaand Related Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2013.782757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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