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Dogan Z, Guven ESG, Albayrak M, Guven S. Prenatal Sonographic Three-dimensional Virtual Organ Computer-assisted Analysis Thymic Volume Calculation May Predict Intrauterine Growth Restriction. J Med Ultrasound 2023; 31:201-205. [PMID: 38019797 PMCID: PMC10668909 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_34_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to fetuses that are small for their gestational age. There is no effective test to predict this disease. The aim of our study is whether fetal three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography (USG)-assisted thymus volume (TV) measurement predicts IUGR cases. Methods Fetal 3D USG thymus measurement between 15 and 24 weeks of gestation was performed in a total of 100 women of reproductive age. Fetal TV was measured using the virtual organ computer-assisted analysis system program. All cases were followed up in terms of pregnancy complications until delivery. Results IUGR was developed in six cases in total. In cases with IUGR, mean fetal TV was found to be statistically significantly lower than in healthy cases without it. When the fetal TV was taken as 0.1645, the sensitivity was calculated as 89.5% and the specificity as 50% for predicting IUGR. The use of low fetal volume parameters is a significant and good indicator for predicting IUGR according to the binary logistic regression analysis result. Conclusion According to the results of this study, 3D fetal TV measurement may be used in routine second-trimester sonographic anomaly screening to predict the development of fetal IUGR. In this way, fetal mortality and morbidity caused by IUGR may be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Dogan
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Emine Seda Guvendag Guven
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Albayrak
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Guven
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Cordisco A, Pelo E, Di Tommaso M, Biagiotti R. A new GNPAT variant of foetal rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1733. [PMID: 34110102 PMCID: PMC8404227 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is a clinical entity resulting from defects of peroxisomal metabolism whose clinical phenotype is characterized by rhizomelia, calcified foci in periarticular cartilage, coronal lesions of vertebral bodies, cataracts and severe cognitive delay. Usually, survival does not exceed the first decade of life. Transmission is autosomal recessive and is related to mutations in the PEX7, GNPAT or AGPS. Methods A detailed description of the prenatal ultrasound signs of RCDP found in two successive pregnancies in a consanguineous couple is reported. Molecular genetic investigations included the study of the coding regions and the exon–intron junctions of the GNPAT (high‐throughput amplification and sequencing performed with Roche NimbleGen SeqCap Target kit on Illumina platform); the confirmation test was carried out by amplification and Sanger sequencing with automatic capillary sequencer. Results In addition to the typical prenatal ultrasound signs described in the literature in association with RCDP, the presence of prefrontal oedema, never previously described, has been detected in both pregnancies. Moreover, genetic investigations have found a new splicing variant c.924+1G>A of the homozygous GNPAT. Conclusion The role of mutation in the GNPAT suggests a likely association with the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalgisa Cordisco
- Division of Prenatal Diagnosis CenterP. Palagi HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Elisabetta Pelo
- Department of Genetic DiagnosisCareggi HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Mariarosaria Di Tommaso
- Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of Health SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Roberto Biagiotti
- Division of Prenatal DiagnosisMeyer Children's HospitalFlorenceItaly
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Berger J, Dorninger F, Forss-Petter S, Kunze M. Peroxisomes in brain development and function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:934-55. [PMID: 26686055 PMCID: PMC4880039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes contain numerous enzymatic activities that are important for mammalian physiology. Patients lacking either all peroxisomal functions or a single enzyme or transporter function typically develop severe neurological deficits, which originate from aberrant development of the brain, demyelination and loss of axonal integrity, neuroinflammation or other neurodegenerative processes. Whilst correlating peroxisomal properties with a compilation of pathologies observed in human patients and mouse models lacking all or individual peroxisomal functions, we discuss the importance of peroxisomal metabolites and tissue- and cell type-specific contributions to the observed brain pathologies. This enables us to deconstruct the local and systemic contribution of individual metabolic pathways to specific brain functions. We also review the recently discovered variability of pathological symptoms in cases with unexpectedly mild presentation of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. Finally, we explore the emerging evidence linking peroxisomes to more common neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, autism and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Peroxisomes edited by Ralf Erdmann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Markus Kunze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Re C, Bertucci E, Weissmann-Brenner A, Achiron R, Mazza V, Gindes L. Fetal thymus volume estimation by virtual organ computer-aided analysis in normal pregnancies. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2015; 34:847-852. [PMID: 25911719 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.34.5.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The thymus has a pyramidal shape, which is best shown in coronal planes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of virtual organ computer-aided analysis to estimate fetal thymus volume in normal pregnancies. METHODS Three-dimensional volume data sets from the axial upper mediastinal section were acquired from 37 normal pregnancies between 12 and 35 weeks' gestation. Thymus volume was calculated by virtual organ computer-aided analysis by 2 separate examiners. In 12 cases, volumes were also acquired with 4-dimensional sonography and spatiotemporal image correlation software to assess the variability in thymus size between the systolic and diastolic periods of fetal heart motion. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the fetal thymus volume and gestational age. Paired Student t tests were used to evaluate both the level of agreement for interobserver and intraobserver variability and the difference between diastolic and systolic thymus volumes. RESULTS Identification of the borders of the thymus and calculation of its volume were successful in 28 patients (77.7%). Statistically significant linear growth of the thymus during pregnancy, from 12 to 35 weeks, was found. The growth coefficient for each gestational age was 0.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.355 to 0.504; P < .001). The difference in thymus size between systole and diastole was minor (0.0798 cm(3); 95% confidence interval, -0.044 to 0.203 cm(3)). Interobserver and intraobserver variability was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Although the thymus has a complex shape, it was possible to determine its borders and to calculate its volume by virtual organ computer-aided analysis in 77.7% of cases. Linear growth during pregnancy was found, and the minor changes during systole and diastole could be explained by condensation of the soft tissue of the thymus secondary to cardiac activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Re
- Prenatal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy (C.R., E.B., V.M.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel (A.W.-B., R.A., L.G.)
| | - Emma Bertucci
- Prenatal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy (C.R., E.B., V.M.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel (A.W.-B., R.A., L.G.)
| | - Alina Weissmann-Brenner
- Prenatal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy (C.R., E.B., V.M.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel (A.W.-B., R.A., L.G.)
| | - Reuven Achiron
- Prenatal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy (C.R., E.B., V.M.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel (A.W.-B., R.A., L.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Mazza
- Prenatal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy (C.R., E.B., V.M.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel (A.W.-B., R.A., L.G.)
| | - Liat Gindes
- Prenatal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy (C.R., E.B., V.M.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel (A.W.-B., R.A., L.G.)
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Huffnagel IC, Clur SAB, Bams-Mengerink AM, Blom NA, Wanders RJA, Waterham HR, Poll-The BT. Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata and cardiac pathology. J Med Genet 2013; 50:419-24. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zwijnenburg PJG, Deurloo KL, Waterham HR, Meijers-Heijboer EJ, van Vugt JMG, Tan-Sindhunata MB. Second trimester prenatal diagnosis of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 1 on ultrasound findings. Prenat Diagn 2009; 30:162-4. [PMID: 20014169 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Benaicha A, Dommergues M, Jouannic JM, Jacquette A, Alexandre M, Le Merrer M, Ducou Le Pointe H, Garel C. Prenatal diagnosis of brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata: case report. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2009; 34:724-726. [PMID: 19856318 DOI: 10.1002/uog.7452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata is a rare congenital skeletal dysplasia. Within the heterogeneous group of chondrodysplasia punctata, the brachytelephalangic type is noteworthy because it has a better prognosis than do the other types. We report a case of brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata diagnosed by ultrasound imaging at 30 weeks' gestation; it was associated with polyhydramnios and a normal cervical spinal canal. Imaging features are described and differential diagnosis with other forms of chondrodysplasia punctata is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benaicha
- Department of Radiologie, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
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Cho JY, Min JY, Lee YH, McCrindle B, Hornberger LK, Yoo SJ. Diameter of the normal fetal thymus on ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2007; 29:634-8. [PMID: 17385216 DOI: 10.1002/uog.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the normative data of the transverse diameter of the developing fetal thymus. METHODS In this prospective study, the maximum transverse diameter of the thymus was measured by one sonologist in 376 normal fetuses between 19 and 38 weeks of gestation. We assessed the relationship of the transverse thymic diameter with gestational age (GA), biparietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference using general linear regression modeling. The predicted mean and 95% reference range of thymic diameter at each GA were calculated from the regression equation. RESULTS Measurements of the transverse diameter were possible in 352 of the 376 (94%) fetuses. The transverse diameter of the fetal thymus increased with increasing GA and fetal size parameters in a linear manner. The regression equation for transverse diameter of the thymus as a function of GA was: thymic diameter (cm) = 0.15 x GA (weeks) - 1.59 (r(2) = 0.86, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The transverse diameter of the fetal thymus is easy to measure; this study presents normative data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Cho
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Steinberg SJ, Dodt G, Raymond GV, Braverman NE, Moser AB, Moser HW. Peroxisome biogenesis disorders. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:1733-48. [PMID: 17055079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Defects in PEX genes impair peroxisome assembly and multiple metabolic pathways confined to this organelle, thus providing the biochemical and molecular bases of the peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD). PBD are divided into two types--Zellweger syndrome spectrum (ZSS) and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP). Biochemical studies performed in blood and urine are used to screen for the PBD. DNA testing is possible for all of the disorders, but is more challenging for the ZSS since 12 PEX genes are known to be associated with this spectrum of PBD. In contrast, PBD-RCDP is associated with defects in the PEX7 gene alone. Studies of the cellular and molecular defects in PBD patients have contributed significantly to our understanding of the role of each PEX gene in peroxisome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Steinberg
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Başbuğ M, Serin IS, Ozçelik B, Guneş T, Akçakuş M, Tayyar M. Prenatal Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia punctata by Detection of Rhizomelic Shortening and Bilateral Cataracts. Fetal Diagn Ther 2005; 20:171-4. [PMID: 15824492 DOI: 10.1159/000083899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2003] [Accepted: 02/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata depends on recognization of the combination of rhizomelic bone shortening and epiphyseal stippling. This is the only report of prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of bilateral cataracts in a fetus with rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (type 1). Also, this is the first report of severe rhizomelic limb shortening, and bilateral cataracts prior to the recognization of epiphyseal stippling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Başbuğ
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Wessels MW, Den Hollander NJ, De Krijger RR, Nikkels PGJ, Brandenburg H, Hennekam R, Willems PJ. Fetus with an unusual form of nonrhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata: case report and review. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 120A:97-104. [PMID: 12794700 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) is a heterogeneous condition mainly characterized by premature and ectopic calcification of cartilage. Many genetic and nongenetic causes have been described leading to a preliminar etiological classification into defects of peroxisomal metabolism, defects in cholesterol metabolism, and vitamin K (vit K) metabolism. However, numerous cases of CDP still remain unclassified. The difficulties in reaching a causal diagnosis are illustrated here by a 23-week-old fetus with nonrhizomelic CDP characterized by extensive cartilage stippling, brachyphalangy, and nasal hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja W Wessels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University and University Hospital, Westzeedijk 112, 3016 AH Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Pradhan GM, Chaubal NG, Chaubal JN, Raghavan J. Second-trimester sonographic diagnosis of nonrhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2002; 21:345-349. [PMID: 11883546 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2002.21.3.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Zalel Y, Gamzu R, Mashiach S, Achiron R. The development of the fetal thymus: an in utero sonographic evaluation. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22:114-7. [PMID: 11857615 DOI: 10.1002/pd.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a nomogram for fetal thymus size during gestation. METHODS The study is a prospective, cross sectional evaluation of 403 male and female fetuses between 14 and 38 weeks of normal singleton pregnancies. Measurements of fetal thymus size were performed by high resolution transvaginal ultrasonography between 14 and 17 weeks' gestation, and by transabdominal ultrasonography after 18 weeks' gestation. RESULTS Adequate thymus size measurements were obtained in all 403 fetuses. Thymus size as a function of gestational age was expressed by the regression equation: (square root) thymus size (mm)= -39.39+4.41 x gestational age (weeks). The correlation coefficient, r=0.965, was found to be highly statistically significant (p<0.0001). The normal mean and the 90% prediction limits were defined. CONCLUSION The present data offer the normal range of fetal thymus size from early stages of gestation that may allow intrauterine assessment of its development. It may be helpful in the prenatal diagnosis of thymic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Zalel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Brookhyser KM, Lipson MH, Moser AB, Moser HW, Lachman RS, Rimoin DL. Prenatal diagnosis of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata due to isolated alkyldihydroacetonephosphate acyltransferase synthase deficiency. Prenat Diagn 1999; 19:383-5. [PMID: 10327148 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199904)19:4<383::aid-pd544>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Current practices in prenatal diagnosis of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) are reviewed. A case is presented with a family having one daughter affected with RCDP due to alkyldihydroacetonephosphate acyltransferase synthase (DHAPAT synthase) deficiency, and three subsequent pregnancies. Biochemical test values are presented for the pregnancies and daughter. Post-mortem tests of one fetus of a terminated pregnancy showed that radiologic examination could not make the diagnosis of RCDP. We conclude that biochemical or molecular testing is necessary to accurately diagnose this type of RCDP prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Brookhyser
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
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