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Stężycka O, Frańska M. Comment on the "Response surface methodology optimization and HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis on ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and their antioxidant activity". Food Chem 2023; 414:135729. [PMID: 36842204 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Stężycka
- Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frańska
- Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
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Gao N, Cui H, Lang Y, Zhang W, Shu C, Wang Y, Bian Y, Li D, Li B. Conversion of condensed tannin from chokeberry to cyanidin: Evaluation of antioxidant activity and gut microbiota regulation. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Effect of tannins on microwave-assisted extractability and color properties of sorghum 3-deoxyanthocyanins. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110612. [PMID: 34507756 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sorghum derived 3-deoxyanthocyanins (3-DXA) are of growing interest as natural food colors due to their unique stability compared to anthocyanins, but are generally difficult to extract. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) can dramatically improve extraction efficiency of 3-DXA from sorghum tissue. However, condensed tannins common in some sorghums could impact MAE extractability and color properties of 3-DXA. The objective of this work was to determine how presence of condensed tannins affect MAE extractability, stability, and color properties of sorghum 3-DXA. Sorghums of varying 3-DXA profile and tannin content, as well as purified tannins, were subjected to MAE and pigment yield and profile, aqueous color properties and stability at pH 1 - 5 monitored over time using, UV-vis spectroscopy, colorimetry, and UPLC-MS. The relative yield of 3-DXA from tannin sorghums was higher (3 - 10-fold) after MAE than from non-tannin sorghum (2-fold). During MAE, condensed tannins underwent extensive oxidative depolymerization to anthocyanidins (cyanidin and 7-O-methylcyanidin), which caused the tannin-sorghum pigment extracts to have a redder hue (12-43H°) compared to the non-tannin pigment extract (58H°). The tannin-derived anthocyanidins transformed over time into xanthylium pigments, resulting in increased extract H°. Tannins enhanced both color intensity (pH 1) and stability (pH 3-5) of the 3-DXA over 14 days, indicating they acted as copigments. The presence of tannins in sorghum enhances MAE extractability of 3-DXA from sorghum tissue, and could also potentially enhance their functionality in aqueous food systems. However, the initial changes in extract hue properties due to tannin-derived anthocyanidins should be considered.
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Identification of Stabilization of Malvid Anthocyanins and Antioxidant Stress Activation via the AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9934646. [PMID: 34484410 PMCID: PMC8413028 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9934646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitis amurensis Rupr. "Beibinghong" is abundant in anthocyanins, including malvidin (Mv), malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv3G), and malvidin-3,5-diglucoside (Mv35 G). Anthocyanins offer nutritional and pharmacological effects, but their stability is poor. Interaction of malvid anthocyanins with caffeic acid through ultrahigh pressure technology produces stable anthocyanin derivatives. This study aims to identify the structure of stable mallow-like anthocyanins and to determine the effect of these stable anthocyanins on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with H2O2-induced oxidative damage and the signaling pathway involved. The products of malvid anthocyanins and caffeic acid bonding were identified and analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS). The bonding products were malvidin-3-O-guaiacol (Mv3C), malvidin-3-O-(6″-O-caffeoyl)-glucoside (Mv3CG), and malvidin-3-O-(6″-O-caffeoyl)-5-diglucoside (Mv3C5G). An oxidative stress injury model in HUVECs was established using H2O2 and treated with Mv, Mv3G, Mv35 G, Mv3C, Mv3CG, and Mv3C5G at different concentrations (10, 50, and 100 μmol/L). Results showed that the above compound concentrations can significantly increase cell proliferation rate and reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species at 100 μmol/L. The effects of the most active products Mv and Mv3C on the AMP-activated protein (AMPK)/silencing information regulator-1 (SIRT1) pathway were analyzed. Results showed that Mv and Mv3C significantly increased SOD activity in the cells and significantly upregulated the expression of SIRT1 mRNA, SIRT1, and p-AMPK protein. However, they did not significantly change the expression of AMPK protein. After the silent intervention of siRNA in SIRT1 gene expression, the upregulation of SIRT1 and p-AMPK protein by Mv and Mv3C was significantly inhibited. These results indicate that stabilization malvid anthocyanins exerts an antioxidant activity via the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Straßmann S, Passon M, Schieber A. Chemical Hemisynthesis of Sulfated Cyanidin-3- O-Glucoside and Cyanidin Metabolites. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082146. [PMID: 33917913 PMCID: PMC8068276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of anthocyanins in humans is still not fully understood, which is partly due to the lack of reference compounds. It is known that sulfation is one way of the complex phase II biotransformation mechanism. Therefore, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and the cyanidin aglycone were chemically converted to their sulfates by reaction with sulfur trioxide-N-triethylamine complex in dimethylformamide. The reaction products were characterized by UHPLC coupled to linear ion trap and IMS-QTOF mass spectrometry. Based on MS data, retention times, and UV-Vis spectra, the compounds could tentatively be assigned to A-, C-, or B-ring sulfates. Analysis of urine samples from two volunteers after ingestion of commercial blackberry nectar demonstrated the presence of two sulfated derivatives of the cyanidin aglycone and one sulfated derivative of the cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. It was found that both the A ring and the B ring are sulfated by human enzymes. This study marks an important step toward a better understanding of anthocyanin metabolism.
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Phenolic compound profiles and their seasonal variations in new red-phenotype head-forming Chinese cabbages. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pereira P, Cebola MJ, Oliveira MC, Bernardo Gil MG. Antioxidant capacity and identification of bioactive compounds of Myrtus communis L. extract obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:4362-4369. [PMID: 29184242 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to investigate the polyphenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins, present in myrtle alcoholic extracts. This type of extract is typical in the making of liqueurs obtained from herbs or plants, especially medicinal plants. The leaf extracts were found to contain flavonoids from the quercetin and myricetin families. Besides these, the berry extracts also showed the presence of anthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins and quinic acid. The antioxidant capacity was studied using the ORAC and TEAC methods and the polyphenol content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results showed that the values produced by the ORAC and TEAC methods were in agreement and that the antioxidant capacity correlated with the polyphenol content. The results showed that the leaf extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than the berry extracts. The extraction method was easily implementable, and proved to be a swift method for obtaining bioactive compounds from vegetable matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pereira
- Universidade Lusófona Research Centre for Biosciences and Health Technologies, ULHT, Av. Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal.,CERENA - Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria-João Cebola
- Universidade Lusófona Research Centre for Biosciences and Health Technologies, ULHT, Av. Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal.,Escola Superior Náutica Infante D. Henrique, Av. Eng. Boneville Franco, 2770-058 Paço d'Arcos, Portugal
| | - M Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo Interdisciplinar, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Gabriela Bernardo Gil
- CERENA - Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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Yossa Nzeuwa IB, Xia Y, Qiao Z, Feng F, Bian J, Liu W, Qu W. Comparison of the origin and phenolic contents ofLycium ruthenicumMurr. by high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and chemometrics. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1234-1243. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Belinda Yossa Nzeuwa
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Zhou Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Feng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Junxing Bian
- School of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Wei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P.R. China
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Arjinajarn P, Pongchaidecha A, Chueakula N, Jaikumkao K, Chatsudthipong V, Mahatheeranont S, Norkaew O, Chattipakorn N, Lungkaphin A. Riceberry bran extract prevents renal dysfunction and impaired renal organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) function by modulating the PKC/Nrf2 pathway in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1753-1763. [PMID: 27912877 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the protective effects of Riceberry bran extract (RBBE) on renal function, and the function and expression of renal organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and explored the mechanisms for its protective effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats (n= 42) were divided into six groups to receive normal saline, gentamicin (100mg/kg), co-treatment of gentamicin and RBBE (at dose of 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg), and RBBE (at dose of 1000mg/kg) only, for consecutive fifteen days. Renal function, oxidative and antioxidative markers, the function and expression of Oat3 and histological changes in the kidney were evaluated. RESULTS Elevation of BUN, serum creatinine levels and reduction in urine creatinine and creatinine clearance indicated decreased renal function in the gentamicin-treated rats. The decrease of [3H]ES uptake in the renal cortical slices of these rats, reflecting the attenuation of Oat3 transport function that was accompanied by decreased expression of Oat3. Moreover, increased MDA level and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities were found in gentamicin-treated rats compared to the control group. These changes were associated with the upregulated PKCα, Nrf-2, Keap 1, NQO-1 and HO-1 expressions in kidneys. RBBE treatment improved the renal function and Oat3 transport function and expression in gentamicin-treated rats. The oxidative status was also restored by RBBE treatment. CONCLUSION RBBE protects kidney injury by its antioxidant effect, subsequently leading to modulation of the PKC/Nrf2 antioxidant defense pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatchawan Arjinajarn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuttawud Chueakula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Krit Jaikumkao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Sugunya Mahatheeranont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Orranuch Norkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization quadrupole/time of flight tandem mass spectrometric study of polyphenolic composition of different Vaccinium berry species and their comparative evaluation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1347-1368. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pereira P, Cebola MJ, Oliveira MC, Bernardo-Gil MG. Supercritical fluid extraction vs conventional extraction of myrtle leaves and berries: Comparison of antioxidant activity and identification of bioactive compounds. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Feuereisen MM, Hoppe J, Zimmermann BF, Weber F, Schulze-Kaysers N, Schieber A. Characterization of phenolic compounds in Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) exocarp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6219-26. [PMID: 24881808 DOI: 10.1021/jf500977d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the phenolic composition of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) exocarp extract. Using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis, four anthocyanins, three biflavonoids, gallic acid, and two types of hydrolyzable tannins (galloyl glucoses, galloyl shikimic acids) were tentatively identified. The structure of the so far unknown 7-O-methylpelargonidin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside was elucidated by 2D NMR. Within the group of gallotannins, galloyl shikimic acids with uncommon degrees of galloylation (tetra- to hexagalloyl shikimic acids) were detected. Among the biflavonoids, I3',II8-biapigenin (amentoflavone), I6,II8-biapigenin (agathisflavone), and II-2,3-dihydro-I3',II8-biapigenin were identified, which have already been described for Anacardiaceae. From the results of the present study together with previous findings on the phenolic profile of other Anacardiaceae plants, it is concluded that 7-methoxylated flavonoids are a chemotaxonomic trait frequently found in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Feuereisen
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Chair of Food Technology and Food Biotechnology, University of Bonn , Römerstrasse 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany
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Andrea-Silva J, Cosme F, Ribeiro LF, Moreira ASP, Malheiro AC, Coimbra MA, Domingues MRM, Nunes FM. Origin of the pinking phenomenon of white wines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5651-5659. [PMID: 24857316 DOI: 10.1021/jf500825h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pinking is the terminology used for the salmon-red blush color that may appear in white wines produced exclusively from white grape varieties. The isolation of pinking compounds and their analysis by RP-HPLC-DAD and ESI-MS(n) showed that the origin of the pinking phenomenon in white wines from Vitis vinifera L. of Sı́ria grape variety are the anthocyanins, mainly malvidin-3-O-glucoside. The analysis showed that the anthocyanins were located both in the pulp and in the skin. Wine pinking severity was negatively related with the increase of the average temperature of the first 10 days of October, the final period of grape maturation. The minimum amount of anthocyanins needed for the pink color visualization in wine was 0.3 mg/L. The appearance of pinking in white wines after bottling is due to the lowering of free sulfur dioxide, which leads to an increase of the relative amount of the anthocyanins red flavylium form and their polymerization, resulting in the formation of colored compounds resistant to pH changes and sulfur dioxide bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Andrea-Silva
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre, Chemistry Department, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro , 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Pitija K, Nakornriab M, Sriseadka T, Vanavichit A, Wongpornchai S. Anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity in bran extracts of some Thai black rice varieties. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kitsada Pitija
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai; 50200; Thailand
| | - Muntana Nakornriab
- Department of Chemistry; Mahasarakham University; Mahasarakham; 44150; Thailand
| | - Tinakorn Sriseadka
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai; 50200; Thailand
| | - Apichart Vanavichit
- Department of Agronomy; Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen; Nakhon Pathom; 73140; Thailand
| | - Sugunya Wongpornchai
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai; 50200; Thailand
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Leardkamolkarn V, Thongthep W, Suttiarporn P, Kongkachuichai R, Wongpornchai S, Wanavijitr A. Chemopreventive properties of the bran extracted from a newly-developed Thai rice: The Riceberry. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Vukics V, Guttman A. Structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides by multi-stage mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:1-16. [PMID: 19116944 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites of great structural variety and high medicinal significance. The search for new chemical entities and the quality control of flavonoid containing natural products require easy-to-use but reliable and robust analytical methodologies. For structural elucidation of flavonoids and their glycosides, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) are the generally used techniques. In phytochemical analyses, however, high amounts of flavonoids are difficult to isolate for NMR, thus low sample volume requiring MS based methods are emerging. This review summarizes and compares currently available methods for structural elucidation of flavonoids by LC-MS and LC-MS(n), and focuses on the identification options of unknown flavonoid glycosides in complex samples (e.g., plant extracts) with the emphasis on the differentiation of isomeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Vukics
- Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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A general analytical strategy for the characterization of phenolic compounds in fruit juices by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5398-415. [PMID: 19500791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a methodology based on liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) coupled to an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for the simultaneous identification of phenolic compounds in fruit juices has been developed. 72 available phenolic compound standards from diverse families present in fruits have been studied in order to analyze their fragmentation pattern. As a result, a general strategy for the characterization of unknown phenolic compounds in fruit juices was designed: (i) taking into account its UV-visible spectrum and elution order, assign the unknown polyphenol to a polyphenol class, (ii) identify the quasi-molecular ion using positive and negative MS spectra, being supported by adducts generated with solvent or sodium and molecular complexes, (iii) determinate the pattern of glycosylation in positive mode using ESI(+)-CID MS/MS product ion scan experiments, selecting the quasi-molecular ion as precursor ion, and finally, (iv) study the identity of the aglycone through ESI(+)-CID MS/MS product ion spectra from the protonated aglycone, [Y(0)](+). This strategy was successfully employed for the characterization of known and unknown phenolic compounds in juices from 17 different fruits.
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Cavaliere C, Foglia P, Gubbiotti R, Sacchetti P, Samperi R, Laganà A. Rapid-resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for determination and quantitation of polyphenols in grape berries. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3089-3099. [PMID: 18819110 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A rapid-resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric (RRLC/MS) method for detection and quantitation of polyphenols in grape berry skins and seeds has been developed. Pulp-free berry skins were treated with liquid nitrogen and ground; seeds were also ground. Then, 3 g of samples were extracted with 30 mL of a mixture of methanol/water/formic acid 70:30:1 (v/v/v) under sonication and 1 microL of the final extract was injected into two 100 x 2.1 mm i.d., 1.8 microm Zorbax Eclipse plus C18 columns connected in series. Compounds were fractionated using a gradient elution of acidified acetonitrile/methanol 50:50 (v/v)/water. Columns were thermostatted at 70 degrees C. MS was carried out on an Agilent 6410 QqQ instrument equipped with an electrospray ionization source. Positive and negative MS/MS product ion scans were used for compound identification, whereas positive full scan MS in the m/z range 200-1400 was used for quantitation. By means of mass spectra comparison, various flavonols, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins and stilbenes were identified. Quantitation was performed by external calibration, and concentration values were corrected for matrix effect that was evaluated in separate experiments. Semi-quantitative estimation was performed for compounds for which standards were not commercially available. Recoveries ranged from 90-102% with relative standard deviation (RSD) <5%, whereas the between samples RSD was in the range 4-12%. Two surrogate standards were used for quality control. The developed method was applied to analyze the polyphenol content of three Vitis vinifera table cultivars at physiological maturity and after proper preservation for 6 weeks. Results demonstrated that during preservation about half of the polyphenol content was lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Kanojiya S, Yadav PP. Fragmentation patterns of newly isolated cassane butenolide diterpenes and differentiation of stereoisomer by tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1413-1420. [PMID: 18498085 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Different stereoisomers of active molecules often cause different physiological responses and hence pose a challenge for their identification. This study involves perceptive fragmentation behavior of newly isolated cassane butenolides, caesalpinolide A [1] and caesalpinolide B [2] (epimeric at the hemiketal position) by tandem MS. The electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)/collision-induced dissociation (CID; ESI-MS(2) and ESI-IT-MS(n)) were investigated. The effect of orientations of hemiketal hydroxyl at C-12 was clearly observed in the mass spectrum. Tandem mass spectra of 1, 1(A) or 2, 2(A) show stereospecific fragmentation resulting in significant abundance dissimilarity of [MH - H(2)O](+) as well as differences in fragmentation pathway. Both of these pathways seem to be influenced by the stereochemistry of the molecule. The differentiation can be clearly visualized from the [M + H - H(2)O](+)/[M + H](+) ratio of the two isomers where beta-isomer 2 was found to be five times higher than that of alpha-isomer 1 in full scan liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS). In high-energy CID, the mass fingerprint of 1, 2, 1(A), and 2(A) was found to be different from one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India.
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Alcalde-Eon C, Escribano-Bailón MT, Santos-Buelga C, Rivas-Gonzalo JC. Identification of dimeric anthocyanins and new oligomeric pigments in red wine by means of HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:735-48. [PMID: 17511019 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
High-pressure liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionisation/ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n)) analyses carried out in red wine fractions revealed the existence of dimeric anthocyanins (A-A(+)), previously detected in grape skin, and allowed the detection and identification, for the first time, of other derived oligomers. The structure of these compounds was characterised according to their MS(n)(n = 1-4) fragmentation patterns. The newly detected oligomers consisted of a flavanol, (epi)catechin or (epi)gallocatechin, linked through its C(4) position to the nucleophilic positions of the upper unit of a dimeric anthocyanin (F-A-A(+)). All the compounds contained malvidin as one of the anthocyanin subunits, whereas the other anthocyanin moiety could be either delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin or malvidin. With the fractionation method employed, the dimeric anthocyanins eluted in the same fractions as the monomeric anthocyanins. However, the new F-A-A(+) oligomers were found in the same fractions as F-A(+) dimers, which might indicate a structural similarity between both types of compounds. ESI/MS(n) analyses, coupled or not to HPLC, showed to be a useful and powerful tool for detecting and identifying these oligomers in wines, which usually elute from reversed-phase columns as humps and/or are overlapped by the peaks of other compounds. The detection of these oligomeric pigments in wine has provided more information about the complex pigments responsible for the elevation of the base line observed in the chromatograms of wines and has also revealed that oligomeric anthocyanins can take part in the reactions usually undergone by monomeric anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alcalde-Eon
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Shih CH, Siu SO, Ng R, Wong E, Chiu LCM, Chu IK, Lo C. Quantitative analysis of anticancer 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in infected sorghum seedlings. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:254-9. [PMID: 17227050 DOI: 10.1021/jf062516t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
3-Deoxyanthocyanidins are structurally related to the anthocyanin pigments, which are popular as health-promoting phytochemicals. Here, it is demonstrated that the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins are more cytotoxic on human cancer cells than the 3-hydroxylated anthocyanidin analogues. At 200 microM concentration, luteolinidin reduced the viability of HL-60 and HepG2 cells by 90 and 50%, respectively. Sorghum is a major source of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, which are present as seed pigments and as phytoalexins responding to pathogen attack. On the basis of the collision-induced dissociation spectra of luteolinidin and apigeninidin, an LC-MS/MS method, operating in multiple-reaction monitoring mode, was developed for the specific detection and accurate quantification of these compounds in complex mixtures, which may be difficult to analyze using absorbance measurements. The results demonstrated that inoculated sorghum seedlings could be utilized for convenient and large-scale production of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins. A quantity of almost 270 microg/g (fresh weight) of luteolinidin was produced 72 h after fungal inoculation of 1-week-old seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hat Shih
- Department of Botany, Department of Chemistry, and Genome Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Tian Q, Aziz RM, Stoner GD, Schwartz TJ. Anthocyanin Determination in Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) and Biological Specimens Using Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Montoro P, Tuberoso CIG, Perrone A, Piacente S, Cabras P, Pizza C. Characterisation by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of anthocyanins in extracts of Myrtus communis L. berries used for the preparation of myrtle liqueur. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112:232-40. [PMID: 16376912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Revised: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins in extracts of berries of Myrtus communis, prepared following a typical Sardinia myrtle liqueur recipe, were identified and quantified by HPLC coupled with electrospray/tandem mass spectrometry using, respectively, an ion trap and a triple quadrupole mass analyser. The fragmentation patterns of the anthocyanidins were dependent on the MS technique employed, and differed considerably from those previously reported. The anthocyanin profile of five anthocyanin glucosides and four anthocyanin arabinosides, the latter not previously identified in this specie, was specific for myrtle berry extracts. The quantitative compositions of extracts of myrtle berries derived from different geographical areas in Italy were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Montoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Tian Q, Giusti MM, Stoner GD, Schwartz SJ. Screening for anthocyanins using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with precursor-ion analysis, product-ion analysis, common-neutral-loss analysis, and selected reaction monitoring. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1091:72-82. [PMID: 16395794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic method for anthocyanin identification using tandems mass spectrometry (MS/MS) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photo-diode array detection (PDA) was developed. Scan for the precursor ions of commonly found anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, and peonidin) using LC/MS/MS on a triple quadrupole instrument allows for the specific determination of each category of anthocyanins. Further characterization of each anthocyanin was performed using MS/MS product-ion analysis, common-neutral-loss analysis, and selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The method was demonstrated for analysis of anthocyanins in black raspberries, red raspberries, highbush blueberries, and grapes (Vitis vinifera). Previous reported anthocyanins in black raspberries and red raspberries are confirmed and characterized. Common-neutral-loss analysis allows for the distinction of anthocyanin glucosides or galactoside and arabinosides in highbush blueberries. Separation and identification of anthocyanin glucosides and galactosides were achieved by LC/MS/MS using SRM. Anthocyanin isomers such as cyanidin sophoroside and 3,5-diglucoside were differentiated by their fragmentation pattern during product-ion analysis. Fifteen anthocyanins (all possible combinations of five anthocyanidins and three sugars) were characterized in highbush blueberries. Pelargonidin 3-glucoside and pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside were detected and characterized for the first time in grapes. The present approach allows mass spectrometry to be used as a highly selective detector for rapid identification and characterization of anthocyanins and can be used as a sensitive procedure for screening anthocyanins in fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Tian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Tian Q, Konczak I, Schwartz SJ. Probing anthocyanin profiles in purple sweet potato cell line (Ipomoea batatas L. Cv. Ayamurasaki) by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:6503-9. [PMID: 16076141 DOI: 10.1021/jf050671m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A purple line cell line (PL) generated from the storage root of purple-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cv. Ayamurasaki produces a complex mixture of anthocyanins, and seven major anthocyanins have been isolated and identified to date. All these anthocyanins are exclusively cyanidin or peonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides and their acylated derivatives. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to photodiode array (PDA) detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) on a triple quadrupole instrument was employed to further investigate the anthocyanin composition of the PL extract. Precursor-ion analysis, product-ion analysis, and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) MS/MS experiments were conducted sequentially to screen and characterize anthocyanins in the aqueous extract of the PL cell line. Precursor-ion analysis specifically detected the molecular cations of each category of anthocyanins by scanning the precursors of anthocyanidins (cyanidin, peonidin, and pelargonidin). The detected molecular cation of each anthocyanin was fragmented using product-ion analysis by collisionally activated dissociation (CAD). MS/MS using SRM detection was conducted to further confirm the fragmentation observed during product-ion analysis. In comparison to the commonly used product-ion analysis technique, the combined use of precursor-ion analysis, product-ion analysis, and SRM is particularly useful for positive identification of anthocyanins in complex matrixes and provides important information to confirm the proposed structures. Twenty-six anthocyanins were detected and characterized in the aqueous extract of the PL cell line. Several anthocyanins, including two pelargonidin derivatives, were tentatively identified for the first time in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Tian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Wu X, Prior RL. Systematic identification and characterization of anthocyanins by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in common foods in the United States: fruits and berries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:2589-99. [PMID: 15796599 DOI: 10.1021/jf048068b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins were systematically identified and characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS coupled with diode array detection in common fruits from U.S. food markets and other commercial sources. Of the 25 different fruits that were screened, 14 fruits were found to contain anthocyanins; the number of anthocyanins varied from 2 in peaches and nectarines to 31 in Concord grape. The individual anthocyanins were identified by comparing their mass spectral data and retention times with those of standards and published data. In all of the samples analyzed, only 6 common anthocyanidins, delphinidin, cyanidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin, were found. In addition to the well-known major anthocyanins, a number of minor anthocyanins were identified for the first time. Some possible guidelines that help to identify anthocyanins in foods with complex anthocyanin composition were deduced and discussed. For the first time, this paper presents complete anthocyanin HPLC profiles and MS spectral data of common fruits using the same uniform experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 1120 Marshall Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
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Alcalde-Eon C, Saavedra G, de Pascual-Teresa S, Rivas-Gonzalo JC. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identification of anthocyanins of isla oca (Oxalis tuberosa, Mol.) tubers. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1054:211-5. [PMID: 15553146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection (DAD)-mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have been successfully employed in the identification of the anthocyanins of the coloured tubers of isla oca (Oxalis tuberosa), the second most cultivated tuber in the Andean region. Tubers underwent a pre-treatment step in order to inhibit enzymatic reactions and to obtain a stable powder or "concentrate". This concentrate was dissolved, purified and then analysed. Eight different compounds were found. The major peaks were malvidin glucosides (malvidin 3-O-glucoside and 3,5-O-diglucoside). The rest of the peaks were 3,5-O-diglucosides of petunidin and peonidin, and 3-O-glucosides of delphinidin, petunidin and peonidin. Only malvidin 3-O-acetylglucoside-5-O-glucoside was found as an acylated anthocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alcalde-Eon
- Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Kammerer D, Carle R, Schieber A. Detection of peonidin and pelargonidin glycosides in black carrots (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:2407-12. [PMID: 14587087 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins of black carrots (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Besides the main compounds which have already been characterized in detail as cyanidin glycosides, six anthocyanins with m/z 757, 565, 595, 903, 933 and 903 were detected and unambiguously characterized as peonidin and pelargonidin glycosides, based on their fragmentation patterns. Peonidin and pelargonidin were identified after acid hydrolysis by comparison of the fragmentation patterns and retention times of the released aglycones with those of standard compounds. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on anthocyanins in black carrots consisting of aglycones other than cyanidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Kammerer
- Institute of Food Technology, Section Plant Foodstuff Technology, Hohenheim University, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2001; 12:389-396. [PMID: 11793818 DOI: 10.1002/pca.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bibliography. Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:1241-1248. [PMID: 11747122 DOI: 10.1002/jms.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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