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Aoyagi S, Fujiwara Y, Takano A, Vorng JL, Gilmore IS, Wang YC, Tallarek E, Hagenhoff B, Iida SI, Luch A, Jungnickel H, Lang Y, Shon HK, Lee TG, Li Z, Matsuda K, Mihara I, Miisho A, Murayama Y, Nagatomi T, Ikeda R, Okamoto M, Saiga K, Tsuchiya T, Uemura S. Evaluation of Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Spectra of Peptides by Random Forest with Amino Acid Labels: Results from a Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards Interlaboratory Study. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4191-4197. [PMID: 33635050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of a VAMAS (Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards) interlaboratory study on the identification of peptide sample TOF-SIMS spectra by machine learning. More than 1000 time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) spectra of six peptide model samples (one of them was a test sample) were collected using 27 TOF-SIMS instruments from 25 institutes of six countries, the U. S., the U. K., Germany, China, South Korea, and Japan. Because peptides have systematic and simple chemical structures, they were selected as model samples. The intensity of peaks in every TOF-SIMS spectrum was extracted using the same peak list and normalized to the total ion count. The spectra of the test peptide sample were predicted by Random Forest with 20 amino acid labels. The accuracy of the prediction for the test spectra was 0.88. Although the prediction of an unknown peptide was not perfect, it was shown that all of the amino acids in an unknown peptide can be determined by Random Forest prediction and the TOF-SIMS spectra. Moreover, the prediction of peptides, which are included in the training spectra, was almost perfect. Random Forest also suggests specific fragment ions from an amino acid residue Q, whose fragment ions detected by TOF-SIMS have not been reported, in the important features. This study indicated that the analysis using Random Forest, which enables translation of the mathematical relationships to chemical relationships, and the multi labels representing monomer chemical structures, is useful to predict the TOF-SIMS spectra of an unknown peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoka Aoyagi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Akio Takano
- Toyama Co., Ltd., 3816-1 Kishi, Yamakita-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-0112, Japan
| | - Jean-Luc Vorng
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Ian S Gilmore
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Yung-Chen Wang
- Medtronic, Corporate Science & Technology, 710 Medtronic Parkway, Mailstop LT240, Minneapolis Minnesota 55432, United States
| | | | | | - Shin-Ichi Iida
- ULVAC-PHI, Inc., 2500 Hagisono, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-8522, Japan
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Yusheng Lang
- Analytical Science Team, Common Base Technology Division, Innovative Technology Laboratories, AGC Inc., 1150 Hazawa-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8755, Japan
| | - Hyun Kyong Shon
- Bio-imaging Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Bio-imaging Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Zhanping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, No. 30, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan.,Surface Science Laboratories, Toray Research Center, Inc., 3-3-7, Sonoyama, Otsu, Shiga 520-8567, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mihara
- Analytical Technology and Solutions Laboratory, Kurashiki Research Center, KURARAY CO., LTD, 2045-1, Sakazu, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0801, Japan
| | - Ako Miisho
- KOBELCO RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC., 1-5-5, Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2271, Japan
| | - Yohei Murayama
- Specialty Chemicals Development Center, Peripheral Products Operations, Canon Inc., 4202, Fukara, Susono, Shizuoka 410-1196, Japan
| | - Takaharu Nagatomi
- Platform Laboratory for Science and Technology, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 2-1 Samejima, Fuji, Shizuoka 416-8501, Japan
| | - Reiko Ikeda
- Analytical Science Research Laboratory, Kao Corp., Minato 1334. Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 640-8580, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okamoto
- Analytical Science Research Laboratory, Kao Corp., Minato 1334. Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 640-8580, Japan
| | - Kunio Saiga
- Mitsui Chemical Analysis & Consulting Service Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0265, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Tsuchiya
- Mitsui Chemical Analysis & Consulting Service Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0265, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Uemura
- Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., 1-1-1, Koyakita, Itami, Hyogo 664-0016, Japan
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Singh AV, Jungnickel H, Leibrock L, Tentschert J, Reichardt P, Katz A, Laux P, Luch A. ToF-SIMS 3D imaging unveils important insights on the cellular microenvironment during biomineralization of gold nanostructures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:261. [PMID: 31937806 PMCID: PMC6959255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomolecular imaging of cell-nanoparticle (NP) interactions using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) represents an evolving tool in nanotoxicology. In this study we present the three dimensional (3D) distribution of nanomaterials within biomolecular agglomerates using ToF-SIMS imaging. This novel approach was used to model the resistance of human alveolar A549 cells against gold (Au) ion toxicity through intra- and extracellular biomineralization. At low Au concentrations (≤1 mM HAuCl4) 3D-ToF-SIMS imaging reveals a homogenous intracellular distribution of Au-NPs in combination with polydisperse spherical NPs biomineralized in different layers on the cell surface. However, at higher precursor concentrations (≥2 mM) supplemented with biogenic spherical NPs as seeds, cells start to biosynthesize partially embedded long aspect ratio fiber-like Au nanostructures. Most interestingly, A549 cells seem to be able to sense the enhanced Au concentration. They change the chemical composition of the extracellular NP agglomerates from threonine-O-3-phosphate aureate to an arginine-Au(I)-imine. Furthermore they adopt the extracellular mineralization process from spheres to irregular structures to nanoribbons in a dose-dependent manner with increasing Au concentrations. The results achieved regarding size, shape and chemical specificity were cross checked by SEM-EDX and single particle (sp-)ICP-MS. Our findings demonstrate the potential of ToF-SIMS 3D imaging to better understand cell-NP interactions and their impact in nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Leibrock
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Reichardt
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aaron Katz
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Wagener S, Jungnickel H, Dommershausen N, Fischer T, Laux P, Luch A. Determination of Nanoparticle Uptake, Distribution, and Characterization in Plant Root Tissue after Realistic Long-Term Exposure to Sewage Sludge Using Information from Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:5416-5426. [PMID: 30964664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in numerous products and their potential accumulation causes major concern for humans and the environment. Until now, the uptake of NPs in plant tissue was mostly shown under greenhouse conditions at high doses and short exposure periods. Here, we present results on the uptake of particulate silver (Ag) and cerium dioxide (CeO2) in the tissues of Triticum aestivum, Brassica napus, and Hordeum vulgare, after exposure to sewage sludge treated with nano-Ag (NM300 K at 1.8 and 7.0 mg/kg sludge per dm soil) and nano-CeO2 (NM212 at 10 and 50 mg/kg sludge per dm soil). All plants were cultivated in a rural area near the German town Schmallenberg according to the common regional crop rotation on outdoor lysimeters. The highest concentrations measured were 86.4 mg/kg for Ag ( Hordeum vulgare) and 94 mg/kg for Ce ( Triticum sativum). Analysis of plant samples revealed the presence of Ag mainly in its ionic form. However, the occurrence of nano- and larger sized particles of Ag and CeO2 was observed as well. Quantitative shares of the particulate fraction of the total element concentration were estimated up to 22.4% for Ag and up to 85.1% for CeO2. A high abundance of particle agglomerates in the phloem suggests upward transport of the nanoparticles to other plant parts. A small number of agglomerates in the xylem suggests a downward transport and subsequent accumulation in the root phloem. Exemplary investigations of Brassica napus root exposed to nano-CeO2 revealed no accumulation of the pristine material in the cell nucleus; however, CePO4 was found. The presence of this substance points to a dissolution of the low soluble CeO2 in planta and subsequent precipitation. Furthermore, for the first time, mixed NP-salt agglomerates, composed of Ca3PO4+ and K3SO4+ NPs, could be observed within Brassica napus root tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wagener
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 , D-10589 , Berlin , Germany
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 , D-10589 , Berlin , Germany
| | - Nils Dommershausen
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 , D-10589 , Berlin , Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 , D-10589 , Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 , D-10589 , Berlin , Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 , D-10589 , Berlin , Germany
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Laux P, Riebeling C, Booth AM, Brain JD, Brunner J, Cerrillo C, Creutzenberg O, Estrela-Lopis I, Gebel T, Johanson G, Jungnickel H, Kock H, Tentschert J, Tlili A, Schäffer A, Sips AJAM, Yokel RA, Luch A. Biokinetics of Nanomaterials: the Role of Biopersistence. NANOIMPACT 2017; 6:69-80. [PMID: 29057373 PMCID: PMC5645051 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology risk management strategies and environmental regulations continue to rely on hazard and exposure assessment protocols developed for bulk materials, including larger size particles, while commercial application of nanomaterials (NMs) increases. In order to support and corroborate risk assessment of NMs for workers, consumers, and the environment it is crucial to establish the impact of biopersistence of NMs at realistic doses. In the future, such data will allow a more refined future categorization of NMs. Despite many experiments on NM characterization and numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, several questions remain unanswered including the influence of biopersistence on the toxicity of NMs. It is unclear which criteria to apply to characterize a NM as biopersistent. Detection and quantification of NMs, especially determination of their state, i.e., dissolution, aggregation, and agglomeration within biological matrices and other environments are still challenging tasks; moreover mechanisms of nanoparticle (NP) translocation and persistence remain critical gaps. This review summarizes the current understanding of NM biokinetics focusing on determinants of biopersistence. Thorough particle characterization in different exposure scenarios and biological matrices requires use of suitable analytical methods and is a prerequisite to understand biopersistence and for the development of appropriate dosimetry. Analytical tools that potentially can facilitate elucidation of key NM characteristics, such as ion beam microscopy (IBM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), are discussed in relation to their potential to advance the understanding of biopersistent NM kinetics. We conclude that a major requirement for future nanosafety research is the development and application of analytical tools to characterize NPs in different exposure scenarios and biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Riebeling
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim N-7465, Norway
| | - Joseph D Brain
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josephine Brunner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Department of Inhalation Toxicology, Nikolai Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Irina Estrela-Lopis
- Institute of Medical Physics & Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstraße 16, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Gebel
- German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Kock
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Department of Inhalation Toxicology, Nikolai Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Tlili
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adriënne J A M Sips
- National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Rakowska PD, Seah MP, Vorng JL, Havelund R, Gilmore IS. Determination of the sputtering yield of cholesterol using Arn(+) and C60(+(+)) cluster ions. Analyst 2016; 141:4893-901. [PMID: 27299934 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00791k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sputtering yield of cholesterol films on silicon wafers is measured using Arn(+) and C60(+(+)) ions in popular energy (E) and cluster size (n) ranges. It is shown that the C60(+(+)) ions form a surface layer that stabilizes the film so that a well-behaved profile is obtained. On the other hand, the Arn(+) gas clusters leave the material very clean but, at room temperature, the layer readily restructures into molecular bilayers, so that, although a useful measure may be made of the sputtering yield, the profiles become much more complex. This restructuring does not occur at room temperature normally but results from the actions of the beams in the sputtering process for profiling in secondary ion mass spectrometry. Better profiles may be made by reducing the sample temperature to -100 °C. This is likely to be necessary for many lower molecular weight materials (below 1000 Da) to avoid the movement of molecules. Measurements for cholesterol films on 37 nm of amiodarone on silicon are even better behaved and show the same sputtering yields at room temperature as those films directly on silicon at -100 °C. The yields for both C60(+(+)) and Arn(+) fit the Universal Equation to a standard deviation of 11%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Rakowska
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - M P Seah
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - J-L Vorng
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - R Havelund
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - I S Gilmore
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
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Seah MP, Havelund R, Gilmore IS. Systematic Temperature Effects in the Argon Cluster Ion Sputter Depth Profiling of Organic Materials Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1411-1418. [PMID: 27106601 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A study is presented of the effects of sample temperature on the sputter depth profiling of two organic materials, NPB (N,N'-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine) and Irganox 1010, using a 5 keV Ar2000 (+) cluster ion beam and analysis by secondary ion mass spectrometry. It is shown that at low temperatures, the yields increase slowly with temperature in accordance with the Universal Sputtering Yield equation where the energy term is now modified by Trouton's rule. This occurs up to a transition temperature, T T, which is, in turn, approximately 0.8T M, where T M is the sample melting temperature in Kelvin. For NPB and Irganox 1010, these transition temperatures are close to 15 °C and 0 °C, respectively. Above this temperature, the rate of increase of the sputtering yield rises by an order of magnitude. During sputtering, the depth resolution also changes with temperature with a very small change occurring below T T. At higher temperatures, the depth resolution improves but then rapidly degrades, possibly as a result first of local crater surface diffusion and then of bulk inter-diffusion. The secondary ion spectra also change with temperature with the intensities of the molecular entities increasing least. This agrees with a model in which the molecular entities arise near the crater rim. It is recommended that for consistent results, measurements for organic materials are always made at temperatures significantly below T T or 0.8 T M, and this is generally below room temperature. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Seah
- Surface and Nanoanalysis, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, England, UK.
| | - Rasmus Havelund
- Surface and Nanoanalysis, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, England, UK
| | - Ian S Gilmore
- Surface and Nanoanalysis, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, England, UK
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Hofmann S, Liu Y, Jian W, Kang H, Wang J. Depth resolution in sputter profiling revisited. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Hofmann
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems (formerly MPI for Metals Research); Heisenbergstrasse 3 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Physics; Shantou University; 243 Daxue Road Shantou 515063 Guangdong China
| | - W. Jian
- Department of Physics; Shantou University; 243 Daxue Road Shantou 515063 Guangdong China
| | - H.L. Kang
- Department of Physics; Shantou University; 243 Daxue Road Shantou 515063 Guangdong China
| | - J.Y. Wang
- Department of Physics; Shantou University; 243 Daxue Road Shantou 515063 Guangdong China
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8
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Jungnickel H, Laux P, Luch A. Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS): A New Tool for the Analysis of Toxicological Effects on Single Cell Level. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4010005. [PMID: 29051411 PMCID: PMC5606633 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single cell imaging mass spectrometry opens up a complete new perspective for strategies in toxicological risk assessment and drug discovery. In particular, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) with its high spatial and depth resolution is becoming part of the imaging mass spectrometry toolbox used for single cell analysis. Recent instrumentation advancements in combination with newly developed cluster ion guns allow 3-dimensional reconstruction of single cells together with a spatially resolved compound location and quantification on nanoscale depth level. The exact location and quantification of a single compound or even of a set of compounds is no longer restricted to the two dimensional space within single cells, but is available for voxels, a cube-sized 3-dimensional space, rather than pixels. The information gathered from one voxel is further analysed using multivariate statistical methodology like maximum autocorrelation factors to co-locate the compounds of interest within intracellular organelles like nucleus, mitochondria or golgi apparatus. Furthermore, the cell membrane may be resolved, including adhering compounds and potential changes of the lipid patterns. The generated information can be used further for a first evaluation of intracellular target specifity of new drug candidates or for the toxicological risk assessment of environmental chemicals and their intracellular metabolites. Additionally, single cell lipidomics and metabolomics enable for the first time an in-depth understanding of the activation or inhibition of cellular biosynthesis and signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Jungnickel
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Winograd N. Imaging mass spectrometry on the nanoscale with cluster ion beams. Anal Chem 2015; 87:328-33. [PMID: 25458665 PMCID: PMC4287836 DOI: 10.1021/ac503650p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Imaging with cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is reaching a mature level of development. Using a variety of molecular ion projectiles to stimulate desorption, 3-dimensional imaging with the selectivity of mass spectrometry can now be achieved with submicrometer spatial resolution and <10 nm depth resolution. In this Perspective, stock is taken regarding what it will require to routinely achieve these remarkable properties. Issues include the chemical nature of the projectile, topography formation, differential erosion rates, and perhaps most importantly, ionization efficiency. Shortcomings of existing instrumentation are also noted. Speculation about how to successfully resolve these issues is a key part of the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Winograd
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16875, United States
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10
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Seah MP, Spencer SJ, Havelund R, Gilmore IS, Shard AG. Depth resolution at organic interfaces sputtered by argon gas cluster ions: the effect of energy, angle and cluster size. Analyst 2015; 140:6508-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01473e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents, for the first time, the different operating parameters defining the best depth resolution in SIMS organic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Seah
- Analytical Science Division
- National Physical Laboratory
- Teddington
- UK
| | - S. J. Spencer
- Analytical Science Division
- National Physical Laboratory
- Teddington
- UK
| | - R. Havelund
- Analytical Science Division
- National Physical Laboratory
- Teddington
- UK
| | - I. S. Gilmore
- Analytical Science Division
- National Physical Laboratory
- Teddington
- UK
| | - A. G. Shard
- Analytical Science Division
- National Physical Laboratory
- Teddington
- UK
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