1
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Li J, Wang X, He Y, Xu Z, Li X, Pan H, Wang Y, Dong Y, Shen Q, Zhang Y, Hou S, Wu K, Wang Y. Tuning Surface Organic Structures by Small Gas Molecules through Catassembly and Coassembly. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5564-5579. [PMID: 38753966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The field of molecular assembly has seen remarkable advancements across various domains, such as materials science, nanotechnology, and biomedicine. Small gas molecules serve as pivotal modulators, capable of altering the architecture of assemblies via tuning a spectrum of intermolecular forces including hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and metal coordination. Surface techniques, notably scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy, have proven instrumental in dissecting the structural metamorphosis and characteristic features of these assemblies at an unparalleled single-molecule resolution. Recent research has spotlighted two innovative approaches for modulating surface molecular assemblies with the aid of small gas molecules: "catassembly" and "coassembly". This Perspective delves into these methodologies through the lens of varying molecular interaction types. The strategies discussed here for regulating molecular assembly structures using small gas molecules can aid in understanding various complex assembly processes and structures and provide guidance for the further fabrication of complex surface structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yang He
- School of Material and New Energy, South China Normal University, Shanwei 516600, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Spin-X Institute, School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haoyang Pan
- Spin-X Institute, School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yudi Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yangyu Dong
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shimin Hou
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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2
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Deng C, Wang J, Zhu H, Xu C, Fan X, Wen Y, Huang P, Lin H, Li Q, Chi L. Constructing Two-Dimensional Distorted Kagome Lattices on Ag(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9584-9589. [PMID: 37862333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) tessellation of organic species acquired increased interest recently because of their potential applications in physics, biology, and chemistry. Herein, we successfully synthesized the chiral distorted Kagome lattice p3 (333) with bicomponent precursors on Ag(111). Scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional calculation studies reveal that the networks are formed by multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The network structures can be rationally tuned by adjusting the stoichiometric ratio of the reaction precursors. Our study provides new strategies to synthesize complex low-dimensional nanostructures on metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Deng
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Wang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaming Zhu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Fan
- Research Center for Carbon-Based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglai Wen
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Huang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
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3
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Lu J, Jiang H, Yan Y, Zhu Z, Zheng F, Sun Q. High-Throughput Preparation of Supramolecular Nanostructures on Metal Surfaces. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13160-13167. [PMID: 35862580 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the contemporary challenges in materials science lies in the rapid materials screening and discovery. Experimental sample libraries can be generated by high-throughput parallel synthesis to map the composition space for rapid material discoveries. Molecular self-assembly on surfaces has proved a useful way to construct nanostructures with interesting topologies or properties. Despite the strong dependence of molecular stoichiometry on the structures, high-throughput preparations of supramolecular surface nanostructures have been far less explored. Here, by integrating a physical mask into the standard ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) molecular preparation system we show a high-throughput approach for preparing supramolecular nanostructures of continuous composition spreads on metal surfaces. The spatially addressable sample libraries of supramolecular self-assemblies are characterized by high-resolution scanning probe microscopy. We could explore different binary nanostructures of varying molecular ratios on one single substrate. Moreover, we use the minimum spanning tree approach to qualitatively and quantitatively study the structural properties of the formed nanostructures. This high-throughput approach may accelerate the screening and exploration of surface-supported, low-dimensional nanostructures not limited to supramolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyi Yan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Fengru Zheng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
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4
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Wang D, Wang Z, Wu S, Yin X, Tang CS, Feng YP, Wu J, Wee ATS. Realizing Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Arrays of a Spin Molecule via Halogen Bonding. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:333-340. [PMID: 37102064 PMCID: PMC10125333 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Well-ordered spin arrays are desirable for next-generation molecule-based magnetic devices, yet their synthetic method remains a challenging task. Herein, we demonstrate the realization of two-dimensional supramolecular spin arrays on surfaces via halogen-bonding molecular self-assembly. A bromine-terminated perchlorotriphenylmethyl radical with net carbon spin was synthesized and deposited on Au(111) to achieve two-dimensional supramolecular spin arrays. By taking advantage of the diversity of halogen bonds, five supramolecular spin arrays form and are probed by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy at the single-molecule level. First-principles calculations verify that the formation of three distinct types of halogen bonds can be used to tailor supramolecular spin arrays via molecular coverage and annealing temperature. Our work suggests that supramolecular self-assembly can be a promising method to engineer two-dimensional molecular spin arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguan Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Zishen Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xinmao Yin
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Physics Department, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chi Sin Tang
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
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5
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Zhang X, Ding H, Chen X, Lin H, Li Q, Gao J, Pan M, Guo Q. Complex supramolecular tessellations with on-surface self-synthesized C 60 tiles through van der Waals interaction. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1333-1339. [PMID: 35014655 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05589e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular tessellation with self-synthesized (C60)7 tiles is achieved based on a cooperative interaction between co-adsorbed C60 and octanethiol (OT) molecules. Tile synthesis and tiling take place simultaneously on a gold substrate leading to a two-dimensional lattice of (C60)7 tiles with OT as the binder molecule filling the gaps between the tiles. This supramolecular tessellation is featured with simultaneous on-site synthesis of tiles and self-organized tiling. In the absence of specific functional groups, the key to ordered tiling for the C60/OT system is the collective van der Waals (vdW) interaction among a large number of molecules. This bicomponent system herein offers a way for the artificial synthesis of 2D complex vdW supramolecular tessellations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Physics, Northwest University, 710069, China
| | - Haoxuan Ding
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Qing Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jianzhi Gao
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Minghu Pan
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Quanmin Guo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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6
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Yin H, Xing K, Zhang Y, Dissanayake DMAS, Lu Z, Zhao H, Zeng Z, Yun JH, Qi DC, Yin Z. Periodic nanostructures: preparation, properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6423-6482. [PMID: 34100047 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01146k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodic nanostructures, a group of nanomaterials consisting of single or multiple nano units/components periodically arranged into ordered patterns (e.g., vertical and lateral superlattices), have attracted tremendous attention in recent years due to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties that offer a huge potential for a multitude of applications in energy conversion, electronic and optoelectronic applications. Recent advances in the preparation strategies of periodic nanostructures, including self-assembly, epitaxy, and exfoliation, have paved the way to rationally modulate their ferroelectricity, superconductivity, band gap and many other physical and chemical properties. For example, the recent discovery of superconductivity observed in "magic-angle" graphene superlattices has sparked intensive studies in new ways, creating superlattices in twisted 2D materials. Recent development in the various state-of-the-art preparations of periodic nanostructures has created many new ideas and findings, warranting a timely review. In this review, we discuss the current advances of periodic nanostructures, including their preparation strategies, property modulations and various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia.
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7
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Advances in self-assembly and regulation of aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives at HOPG interface. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Müller K, Schmidt N, Link S, Riedel R, Bock J, Malone W, Lasri K, Kara A, Starke U, Kivala M, Stöhr M. Triphenylene-Derived Electron Acceptors and Donors on Ag(111): Formation of Intermolecular Charge-Transfer Complexes with Common Unoccupied Molecular States. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901741. [PMID: 31264784 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, ultrathin films consisting of electron donating and accepting molecules have attracted increasing attention due to their potential usage in optoelectronic devices. Key parameters for understanding and tuning their performance are intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions. Here, the formation of a monolayer thick blend of triphenylene-based organic donor and acceptor molecules from 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexamethoxytriphenylene (HAT) and 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile (HATCN), respectively, on a silver (111) surface is reported. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, valence and core level photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as low-energy electron diffraction measurements are used, complemented by density functional theory calculations, to investigate both the electronic and structural properties of the homomolecular as well as the intermixed layers. The donor molecules are weakly interacting with the Ag(111) surface, while the acceptor molecules show a strong interaction with the substrate leading to charge transfer and substantial buckling of the top silver layer and of the adsorbates. Upon mixing acceptor and donor molecules, strong hybridization occurs between the two different molecules leading to the emergence of a common unoccupied molecular orbital located at both the donor and acceptor molecules. The donor acceptor blend studied here is, therefore, a compelling candidate for organic electronics based on self-assembled charge-transfer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Müller
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nico Schmidt
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Link
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - René Riedel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Bock
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut & Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 & 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Malone
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Karima Lasri
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Abdelkader Kara
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut & Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 & 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, Netherlands
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9
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Li J, Tu B, Li X, Ma C, Chen C, Duan W, Xiao X, Zeng Q. Self-assembled flower structures formed by C3-symmetric aromatic carboxylic acids with meta-carboxyl groups. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11599-11602. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
H6BTE self-assembled into flower-like structures with two types of cavities at the HA/HOPG interface, and the guest molecule COR was only trapped in the A-type cavities at low and high concentrations of COR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Chen Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Wubiao Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Xunwen Xiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- China
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10
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Li X, Zhang S, Li J, Qian Y, Duan W, Zeng Q. Advances in the regulation of bipyridine derivatives on two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular nanostructures. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss a series of two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular nanostructures prepared on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by STM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Yuxin Qian
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Wubiao Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- China
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11
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Velpula G, Li M, Hu Y, Zagranyarski Y, Pisula W, Müllen K, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Hydrogen-Bonded Donor-Acceptor Arrays at the Solution-Graphite Interface. Chemistry 2018; 24:12071-12077. [PMID: 30015381 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the nanoscale morphology of organic thin films represents a critical challenge in the fabrication of organic (opto)electronic devices. The morphology of the (multicomponent) thin films in turn depends on the mutual orientation of the molecular components and their supramolecular packing on the surface. Here, it is shown how the surface co-assembly of electron-donating and -accepting building blocks can be controlled via (supra)molecular design. Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives with multiple hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) sites were synthesized and their co-assembly with alkyl-substituted perylene tetracarboxy diimide (PDI) was studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the solution-graphite interface. STM data shows that electron-rich HBCs co-assemble laterally with electron deficient PDIs via preprogrammed H-bonding sites with high fidelity. The surface stoichiometry of the two components could be readily tuned by changing the number of H-bonding sites on the HBC derivatives via organic synthesis. This model study highlights the utility of (supra)molecular design in co-assembly of building blocks relevant for organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangamallaiah Velpula
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Current address: Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yunbin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yulian Zagranyarski
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kunal S Mali
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Yu L, Li ZB, Wang D. Construction of boronate ester based single-layered covalent organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:13771-13774. [PMID: 27824169 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boronate ester based single-layered covalent organic frameworks (sCOFs) with large domain areas and uniform pore sizes have been fabricated on graphite under an ambient atmosphere. The phase separation to generate the boronate ester based sCOFs, boroxine based sCOFs and other nanostructures could be tuned using the molecular ratio of the two precursors, demonstrating a self-sorting process for on-surface dynamic covalent chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and Graduate University of CAS, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Bo Li
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and Graduate University of CAS, Beijing, P. R. China
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13
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Henneke C, Felter J, Schwarz D, Stefan Tautz F, Kumpf C. Controlling the growth of multiple ordered heteromolecular phases by utilizing intermolecular repulsion. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:628-633. [PMID: 28272503 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal/organic interfaces and their structural, electronic, spintronic and thermodynamic properties have been investigated intensively, aiming to improve and develop future electronic devices. In this context, heteromolecular phases add new design opportunities simply by combining different molecules. However, controlling the desired phases in such complex systems is a challenging task. Here, we report an effective way of steering the growth of a bimolecular system composed of adsorbate species with opposite intermolecular interactions-repulsive and attractive, respectively. The repulsive species forms a two-dimensional lattice gas, the density of which controls which crystalline phases are stable. Critical gas phase densities determine the constant-area phase diagram that describes our experimental observations, including eutectic regions with three coexisting phases. We anticipate the general validity of this type of phase diagram for binary systems containing two-dimensional gas phases, and also show that the density of the gas phase allows engineering of the interface structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Henneke
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Janina Felter
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel Schwarz
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F Stefan Tautz
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Kumpf
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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14
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Teichert C. Heteromolecular phases: Opposite interaction matters. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:604-606. [PMID: 28419080 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Teichert
- Institute of Physics of the Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben 8700, Austria
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15
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Cai L, Sun Q, Bao M, Ma H, Yuan C, Xu W. Competition between Hydrogen Bonds and Coordination Bonds Steered by the Surface Molecular Coverage. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3727-3732. [PMID: 28383885 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the choices of metal atoms/molecular linkers and surfaces, several crucial parameters, including surface temperature, molecular stoichiometric ratio, electrical stimulation, concentration, and solvent effect for liquid/solid interfaces, have been demonstrated to play key roles in the formation of on-surface self-assembled supramolecular architectures. Moreover, self-assembled structural transformations frequently occur in response to a delicate control over those parameters, which, in most cases, involve either conversions from relatively weak interactions to stronger ones (e.g., hydrogen bonds to coordination bonds) or transformations between the comparable interactions (e.g., different coordination binding modes or hydrogen bonding configurations). However, intermolecular bond conversions from relatively strong coordination bonds to weak hydrogen bonds were rarely reported. Moreover, to our knowledge, a reversible conversion between hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds has not been demonstrated before. Herein, we have demonstrated a facile strategy for the regulation of stepwise intermolecular bond conversions from the metal-organic coordination bond (Cu-N) to the weak hydrogen bond (CH···N) by increasing the surface molecular coverage. From the DFT calculations we quantify that the loss in intermolecular interaction energy is compensated by the increased molecular adsorption energy at higher molecular coverage. Moreover, we achieved a reversible conversion from the weak hydrogen bond to the coordination bond by decreasing the surface molecular coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Cai
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Bao
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Honghong Ma
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Chunxue Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
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16
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Pinning-down molecules in their self-assemblies with multiple weak hydrogen bonds of C H⋯F and C H⋯N. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Bouju X, Mattioli C, Franc G, Pujol A, Gourdon A. Bicomponent Supramolecular Architectures at the Vacuum–Solid Interface. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1407-1444. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bouju
- CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Grégory Franc
- CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Pujol
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, CEMES, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - André Gourdon
- CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
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18
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Jeon S, Doak PW, Sumpter BG, Ganesh P, Maksymovych P. Thermodynamic Control of Two-Dimensional Molecular Ionic Nanostructures on Metal Surfaces. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7821-7829. [PMID: 27458890 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bulk molecular ionic solids exhibit fascinating electronic properties, including electron correlations, phase transitions, and superconducting ground states. In contrast, few of these phenomena have been observed in low-dimensional molecular structures, including thin films, nanoparticles, and molecular blends, not in the least because most of such structures have been composed of nearly closed-shell molecules. It is therefore desirable to develop low-dimensional ionic molecular structures that can capture potential applications. Here, we present detailed analysis of monolayer-thick structures of the canonical TTF-TCNQ (tetrathiafulvalene 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) system grown on low-index gold and silver surfaces. The most distinctive property of the epitaxial growth is the wide abundance of stable TTF/TCNQ ratios, in sharp contrast to the predominance of a 1:1 ratio in the bulk. We propose the existence of the surface phase diagram that controls the structures of TTF-TCNQ on the surfaces and demonstrate phase transitions that occur upon progressively increasing the density of TCNQ while keeping the surface coverage of TTF fixed. Based on direct observations, we propose the binding motif behind the stable phases and infer the dominant interactions that enable the existence of the rich spectrum of surface structures. Finally, we also show that the surface phase diagram will control the epitaxy beyond monolayer coverage. Multiplicity of stable surface structures, the corollary rich phase diagram, and the corresponding phase transitions present an interesting opportunity for low-dimensional molecular systems, particularly if some of the electronic properties of the bulk can be preserved or modified in the surface phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokmin Jeon
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Peter W Doak
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Panchapakesan Ganesh
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Petro Maksymovych
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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19
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Goiri E, Borghetti P, El-Sayed A, Ortega JE, de Oteyza DG. Multi-Component Organic Layers on Metal Substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1340-1368. [PMID: 26662076 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly high hopes are being placed on organic semiconductors for a variety of applications. Progress along these lines, however, requires the design and growth of increasingly complex systems with well-defined structural and electronic properties. These issues have been studied and reviewed extensively in single-component layers, but the focus is gradually shifting towards more complex and functional multi-component assemblies such as donor-acceptor networks. These blends show different properties from those of the corresponding single-component layers, and the understanding on how these properties depend on the different supramolecular environment of multi-component assemblies is crucial for the advancement of organic devices. Here, our understanding of two-dimensional multi-component layers on solid substrates is reviewed. Regarding the structure, the driving forces behind the self-assembly of these systems are described. Regarding the electronic properties, recent insights into how these are affected as the molecule's supramolecular environment changes are explained. Key information for the design and controlled growth of complex, functional multicomponent structures by self-assembly is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Goiri
- Donostia International Physics Center, E-20018, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Patrizia Borghetti
- Donostia International Physics Center, E-20018, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7588, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Afaf El-Sayed
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11754, Cairo, Egypt
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Donostia International Physics Center, E-20018, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Universidad del Pais Vasco, Dpto. de Física Aplicada I, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, E-20018, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
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20
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Wen J, Li W, Chen S, Ma J. Simulations of molecular self-assembled monolayers on surfaces: packing structures, formation processes and functions tuned by intermolecular and interfacial interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:22757-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01049k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simulations using QM and MM methods guide the rational design of functionalized SAMs on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Shuang Chen
- Kuang Yaming Honors School
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
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21
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Zhang JL, Zhong S, Zhong JQ, Niu TC, Hu WP, Wee ATS, Chen W. Rational design of two-dimensional molecular donor-acceptor nanostructure arrays. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4306-24. [PMID: 25684203 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The construction of long-range ordered organic donor-acceptor nanostructure arrays over microscopic areas supported on solid substrates is one of the most challenging tasks towards the realization of molecular nanodevices. They can also be used as ideal model systems to understand light induced charge transfer, charge separation and energy conversion processes and mechanisms at the nanometer scale. The aim of this paper is to highlight recent advances and progress in this topic. Special attention is given to two different strategies for the construction of organic donor-acceptor nanostructure arrays, namely (i) molecular self-assembly on artificially patterned or pre-defined molecular surface nanotemplates and (ii) molecular nanostructure formation steered via directional and selective intermolecular interactions. The interfacial charge transfer and the energy level alignment of these donor-acceptor nanostructures are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
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22
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Boukari K, Duverger E, Hanf MC, Stephan R, Sonnet P. Theoretical study of intermolecular interactions in nanoporous networks on boron doped silicon surface. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Miao X, Xu L, Cui L, Deng W. Steric matching and the concentration induced self-assembled structural variety of 2,7-bis(n-alkoxy)-9-fluorenone at the aliphatic solvent/graphite interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:12544-53. [PMID: 24832360 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00871e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling and unraveling structural polymorphism has received special attention in 2D self-assembled monolayers. In this work, we investigated the steric matching and solution concentration controlled structural variety in the self-assembly of 2,7-bis(n-alkoxy)-9-fluorenone (F-OCn) at the n-tetradecane and n-tridecane/graphite interface under different concentrations, respectively. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) revealed that the coadsorbed adlayers of F-OCn and solvents (n = 12 to 16) were formed and exhibited concentration dependent 2D phases due to the steric matching. The self-assembled monolayer of F-OCn (n = 12 to 16) evolved from a low-density coadsorbed linear lamellar packing, which was formed at low concentrations, to higher-density patterns at relatively high concentrations. F-OC14 exhibited a complex structural variety, in which a systematic trend of decrease in the molecular density per unit cell with decreasing concentration was obtained. Except for F-OCn (n = 13, 15, 17), the zigzag structure showing the linear lamella with dimers was observed. Systematic experiments revealed that the self-assembly of F-OCn was chain-length dependent. The results provide insight into the structural variety exhibited by a series of organic molecules and furnish important guidelines to control the morphology by changing the solution concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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24
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Hu F, Gong Y, Zhang X, Xue J, Liu B, Lu T, Deng K, Duan W, Zeng Q, Wang C. Temperature-induced transitions of self-assembled phthalocyanine molecular nanoarrays at the solid-liquid interface: from randomness to order. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4243-4249. [PMID: 24608185 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06320h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A promising approach to create functional nanoarrays is supramolecular self-assembly at liquid-solid interfaces. In the present investigation, we report on the self-assembly of phthalocyanine arrays using triphenylene-2,6,10-tricarboxylic acid (H₃TTCA) as a molecular nanotemplate. Five different metastable arrays are achieved in the study, including a thermodynamically stable configuration. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and density function theory (DFT) calculations are utilized to reveal the formation mechanism of the molecular nanoarrays. In general, the transformation process of nanoarrays is regulated by the synergies of a template effect and thermodynamic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
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25
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Zhong JQ, Qin X, Zhang JL, Kera S, Ueno N, Wee ATS, Yang J, Chen W. Energy level realignment in weakly interacting donor-acceptor binary molecular networks. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1699-707. [PMID: 24433044 DOI: 10.1021/nn406050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions on molecular electronic states is key to revealing the energy level alignment mechanism at organic-organic heterojunctions or organic-inorganic interfaces. In this paper, we investigate the energy level alignment mechanism in weakly interacting donor-acceptor binary molecular superstructures, comprising copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) intermixed with copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), or manganese phthalocynine (MnPc) on graphite. The molecular electronic structures have been systematically studied by in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (LT-STM/STS) experiments and corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As demonstrated by the UPS and LT-STM/STS measurements, the observed unusual energy level realignment (i.e., a large downward shift in donor HOMO level and a corresponding small upward shift in acceptor HOMO level) in the CuPc-F16CuPc binary superstructures originates from the balance between intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions. The enhanced intermolecular interactions through the hydrogen bonding between neighboring CuPc and F16CuPc can stabilize the binary superstructures and modify the local molecular electronic states. The obvious molecular energy level shift was explained by gap-state-mediated interfacial charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Zhong
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
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26
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Karmel HJ, Chien T, Demers-Carpentier V, Garramone JJ, Hersam MC. Self-Assembled Two-Dimensional Heteromolecular Nanoporous Molecular Arrays on Epitaxial Graphene. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:270-274. [PMID: 26270698 DOI: 10.1021/jz4025518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of graphene functionalization strategies that simultaneously achieve two-dimensional (2D) spatial periodicity and substrate registry is of critical importance for graphene-based nanoelectronics and related technologies. Here, we demonstrate the generation of a hydrogen-bonded molecularly thin organic heteromolecular nanoporous network on epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) using room-temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy. In particular, perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) and melamine are intermixed to form a spatially periodic 2D nanoporous network architecture with hexagonal symmetry and a lattice parameter of 3.45 ± 0.10 nm. The resulting adlayer is in registry with the underlying graphene substrate and possesses a characteristic domain size of 40-50 nm. This molecularly defined nanoporous network holds promise as a template for 2D ordered chemical modification of graphene at lengths scales relevant for graphene band structure engineering.
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27
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Xie Y, Li Y, Miao X. Concentration induced the interfacial self-assembly polymorphism of 4, 4′-dihexadecyloxy-benzophenon by scanning tunneling microscopy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Biochemical Department; Baoding University; Baoding 071000 China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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28
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Smerdon JA, Rankin RB, Greeley JP, Guisinger NP, Guest JR. Chiral "pinwheel" heterojunctions self-assembled from C60 and pentacene. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3086-3094. [PMID: 23488794 DOI: 10.1021/nn304992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the self-assembly of C60 and pentacene (Pn) molecules into acceptor-donor heterostructures which are well-ordered and--despite the high degree of symmetry of the constituent molecules--chiral. Pn was deposited on Cu(111) to monolayer coverage, producing the random-tiling (R) phase as previously described. Atop R-phase Pn, postdeposited C60 molecules cause rearrangement of the Pn molecules into domains based on chiral supramolecular "pinwheels". These two molecules are the highest-symmetry achiral molecules so far observed to coalesce into chiral heterostructures. Also, the chiral pinwheels (composed of 1 C60 and 6 Pn each) may share Pn molecules in different ways to produce structures with different lattice parameters and degree of chirality. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy results and knowledge of adsorption sites allow the determination of these structures to a high degree of confidence. The measurement of chiral angles identical to those predicted is a further demonstration of the accuracy of the models. van der Waals density functional theory calculations reveal that the Pn molecules around each C60 are torsionally flexed around their long molecular axes and that there is charge transfer from C60 to Pn in each pinwheel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Smerdon
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
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29
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Zhang JL, Niu TC, Wee ATS, Chen W. Self-assembly of binary molecular nanostructure arrays on graphite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12414-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp00023k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Ibenskas A, Tornau EE. Statistical model for self-assembly of trimesic acid molecules into homologous series of flower phases. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:051118. [PMID: 23214749 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The statistical three-state model is proposed to describe the ordering of triangular TMA molecules into flower phases. The model is solved on a rescaled triangular lattice, assuming following intermolecular interactions: exclusion of any molecules on nearest neighbor sites, triangular trio H-bonding interactions for molecules of the same orientation on next-nearest neighbor sites, and dimeric H-bonding interactions for molecules of different ("tip-to-tip") orientations on third-nearest neighbor sites. The model allows us to obtain the analytical solution for the ground state phase diagram with all homologous series of flower phases included, starting with the honeycomb phase (n=1) and ending with the superflower structure (n=∞). Monte Carlo simulations are used to obtain the thermodynamical properties of this model. It is found that phase transitions from disordered to any of the flower phases (except n=1) undergo via intermediate correlated triangular domains structure. The transition from the disordered phase to the intermediate phase is, most likely, of the first order, while the transition from the intermediate to the flower phase is definitely first order phase transition. The phase diagrams including low-temperature flower phases are obtained. The origin of the intermediate phase, phase separation, and metastable structures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ibenskas
- Semiconductor Physics Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, A. Goštauto 11, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania
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31
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Misiūnas T, Tornau EE. Ordered Assemblies of Triangular-Shaped Molecules with Strongly Interacting Vertices: Phase Diagrams for Honeycomb and Zigzag Structures on Triangular Lattice. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:2472-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206181p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Misiūnas
- Semiconductor Physics Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, A. Goštauto
11, LT-01108, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - E. E. Tornau
- Semiconductor Physics Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, A. Goštauto
11, LT-01108, Vilnius, Lithuania
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32
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Qiao X, Huang L, Zhang J, Tian H, Geng Y, Yan D. Weak Epitaxy Growth of Phthalocyanine on Inducing Layers of Fluorinated 5,5″-Bis(biphenyl-4-yl)-2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:1812-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp210535q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Qiao
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghang Yan
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Hinderhofer A, Schreiber F. Organic-Organic Heterostructures: Concepts and Applications. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:628-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Lee SL, Chu YC, Wu HJ, Chen CH. Template-assisted assembly: scanning tunneling microscopy study of solvent-dependent adlattices of alkyl-derivatized tetrathiafulvalene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:382-388. [PMID: 22077481 DOI: 10.1021/la203148h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of an adsorbate as a function of the strength of solvent-substrate adsorption is an important yet relatively unexplored subject. In this study, how the strength of solvent-substrate adsorption and solvent-solvent attraction affects the assembly of tetrakis(octadecylthio)tetrathiafulvalene (1) is scrutinized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). For solvents with strong intermolecular interactions and adsorption onto graphite, such as long n-alkanes (C(n)H(2n+2), n ≥ 13), STM reveals that the solvent molecules form lamellae which become a template to direct the assembly of 1 into one-dimensional arrays. The lengths of one of the unit cell vectors for the assemblies are increased and well correlated with the solvent sizes. In situ STM monitoring of 1 introduced onto graphite with preadsorbed n-tetradecane adlattices shows that the developed assemblies of 1 have striped features aligned parallel to the underlying template. In contrast, for solvents with weak adsorption, such as short n-alkanes (C(n)H(2n+2), n ≤ 12), toluene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, the adlattice structures of 1 are solvent-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shern-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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35
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Liu J, Lin T, Shi Z, Xia F, Dong L, Liu PN, Lin N. Structural Transformation of Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Coordination Networks Driven by Intrinsic In-Plane Compression. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18760-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2056193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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36
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Guo Z, De Cat I, Van Averbeke B, Lin J, Wang G, Xu H, Lazzaroni R, Beljonne D, Meijer EW, Schenning APHJ, De Feyter S. Nucleoside-Assisted Self-Assembly of Oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)s at Liquid/Solid Interface: Chirality and Nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17764-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja206437c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongxia Guo
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U. Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge De Cat
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U. Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Van Averbeke
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jianbin Lin
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Guojie Wang
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U. Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hong Xu
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U. Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albertus P. H. J. Schenning
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U. Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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37
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Liang H, Sun W, Jin X, Li H, Li J, Hu X, Teo BK, Wu K. Two-Dimensional Molecular Porous Networks Formed by Trimesic Acid and 4,4′-Bis(4-pyridyl)biphenyl on Au(111) through Hierarchical Hydrogen Bonds: Structural Systematics and Control of Nanopore Size and Shape. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Liang H, Sun W, Jin X, Li H, Li J, Hu X, Teo BK, Wu K. Two-Dimensional Molecular Porous Networks Formed by Trimesic Acid and 4,4′-Bis(4-pyridyl)biphenyl on Au(111) through Hierarchical Hydrogen Bonds: Structural Systematics and Control of Nanopore Size and Shape. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7562-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Lei S, Tahara K, Müllen K, Szabelski P, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Mixing behavior of alkoxylated dehydrobenzo [12]annulenes at the solid-liquid interface: scanning tunneling microscopy and Monte Carlo simulations. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4145-4157. [PMID: 21500863 DOI: 10.1021/nn200874k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic scanning tunneling microscopic study on the mixing behavior of molecules (DBAs) with different alkyl substituents at the solid-liquid interface to reveal the phase behavior of complex systems. The phase behavior of binary mixtures of alkylated DBAs at the solid-liquid interface can be predicted by the 2D isomorphism coefficient. In addition, we also investigated the influence of coadsorption of template molecules on the phase behavior of DBA mixtures. Coadsorption of these molecules significantly promotes mixing of DBAs, possibly by affecting the recognition between alkyl chains. Monte Carlo simulations prove that the 2D isomorphism coefficient can predict the phase behavior at the interface. These results are helpful for the understanding of phase behavior of complex assembling systems and also for the design of programmable porous networks and hierarchical architectures at the solid-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Lei
- Division of Molecular and Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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40
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Zhong JQ, Huang H, Mao HY, Wang R, Zhong S, Chen W. Molecular-scale investigation of C60/p-sexiphenyl organic heterojunction interface. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:154706. [PMID: 21513407 DOI: 10.1063/1.3582789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) experiments have been carried out to investigate the interface properties at the C(60)∕p-sexiphenyl (6P) organic-organic heterojunction interface, including the interfacial energy level alignment and the supramolecular packing structures. As revealed by UPS measurements, the vacuum level is almost aligned at the C(60)∕6P interface, suggesting that the interface is dominated by weak intermolecular interactions, such as van der Waals and π-π interactions. In situ LT-STM experiments also indicate the formation of a molecularly sharp C(60)∕6P interface with hexagonally-close-packed C(60) layers nucleated atop 6P layer on graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiang Zhong
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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41
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Engel M. Entropic stabilization of tunable planar modulated superstructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:095504. [PMID: 21405635 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.095504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of novel [corrected] ordered structures with nanoparticles has recently received much attention. Here we use computer simulations to study a two-dimensional model system characterized by a simple isotropic interaction that could be realized with building blocks on the nanoscale. We find that the particles arrange themselves into hexagonal superstructures of twin boundaries whose superlattice vector can be tuned reversibly by changing the temperature. Thermodynamic stability is confirmed by calculating the free energy with a combination of thermodynamic integration and the Frenkel-Ladd method. Different contributions to the free energy difference are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Engel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109-2136, USA
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Zhang X, Chen T, Yan HJ, Wang D, Fan QH, Wan LJ, Ghosh K, Yang HB, Stang PJ. Hydrogen bond partner reorganization in the coadsorption of a monodendron and pyridylethynyl derivatives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1292-1297. [PMID: 21073168 DOI: 10.1021/la1037876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds with high selectivity and directionality are significant in harnessing molecules to form 2D supramolecular nanostructures. The competition and reorganization of hydrogen bond partners determine the ultimate molecular assembly and pattern in a 2D supramolecular system. In this study, multicomponent assemblies of a monodendron (5-benzyloxy-isophthalic acid derivative, BIC) and pyridylethynyl derivatives [1,4-bis(4-pyridylethynyl)-2,3-bis-dodecyloxy-benzene (PBPC12) and 1,4-bis(4-pyridylethynyl)-2,3-bis-octadecyloxy-benzene (PBPC18)] have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a graphite surface. BIC molecules are able to associate with PBPC12 and PBPC18 molecules to induce the rearrangement of hydrogen bond partners and form coassembly structures. Interestingly, BIC acts as a template molecule in the coassembly process, and these multicomponent structures exhibit similar structural features to the assembly structures of BIC itself. The structural details of the coassembled structures are revealed by high-resolution STM images, and their relationship with the original BIC assemblies is discussed. These results provide important insights into the design and fabrication of hydrogen-bond-directed multicomponent molecular nanostructures on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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43
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Wakayama Y, de Oteyza DG, Garcia-Lastra JM, Mowbray DJ. Solid-state reactions in binary molecular assemblies of F₁₆CuPc and pentacene. ACS NANO 2011; 5:581-9. [PMID: 21142184 DOI: 10.1021/nn102887x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Various phases of binary molecular assemblies of perfluorinated Cu-phthalocyanine (F₁₆CuPc) and pentacene were examined using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Alloying, solid solutions, phase separation, and segregation were observed in assemblies on monolayers according to the mixture ratios. The main driving force behind such molecular blending is CH-F hydrogen bonds. Lattice matching and molecular symmetry are other factors that determine the assembly configuration. A detailed understanding of such solid-state reactions provides a guideline to the construction of multilayered binary assemblies, where intermixing between molecules takes place when multiple layers are stacked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Wakayama
- Advanced Electronic Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
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44
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de Oteyza DG, Barrena E, Dosch H, Ortega JE, Wakayama Y. Tunable symmetry and periodicity in binary supramolecular nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:4220-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02388d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Huang YL, Chen W, Wee ATS. Molecular Trapping on Two-Dimensional Binary Supramolecular Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:820-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja106350d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thye Shen Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
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46
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Huang YL, Wang R, Niu TC, Kera S, Ueno N, Pflaum J, Wee ATS, Chen W. One dimensional molecular dipole chain arrays on graphite via nanoscale phase separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:9040-2. [PMID: 21052573 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03251d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dipole chain arrays of chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) on the graphite surface have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. The inter-chain spacing can be tuned by the co-adsorption of di-indenoperylene (DIP) via nanoscale phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
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47
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Zhang X, Chen T, Yan HJ, Wang D, Fan QH, Wan LJ, Ghosh K, Yang HB, Stang PJ. Engineering of linear molecular nanostructures by a hydrogen-bond-mediated modular and flexible host-guest assembly. ACS NANO 2010; 4:5685-5692. [PMID: 20828187 DOI: 10.1021/nn101727u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a desired nanostructure with concomitant patterns and functions is of utmost importance in the field of surface molecular engineering and nanotechnology. We here present a flexible host-guest assembly, which steers the formation of linear molecular nanostructures on surfaces by a hydrogen-bond-mediated assembly process. A linear monodendron molecular template with periodic hydrogen-bond binding sites is shown to accommodate a variety of molecules with pyridylethynyl terminals. The unit cell parameters in the transverse direction of the linear pattern can be tuned from 3.4 to 7.3 nm in response to the packing of the guest molecules with different sizes, shapes, and aggregation number. The introduction of hydrogen-bonding partners into the host template and into guest molecules is responsible for the steering of the linear pattern of guest molecules. The modular approach could greatly facilitate the ordering of guest molecules with desired functional moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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48
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Sedona F, Di Marino M, Sambi M, Carofiglio T, Lubian E, Casarin M, Tondello E. Fullerene/porphyrin multicomponent nanostructures on Ag(110): from supramolecular self-assembly to extended copolymers. ACS NANO 2010; 4:5147-5154. [PMID: 20707317 DOI: 10.1021/nn101161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel two-step bottom-up approach to construct a 2D long-range ordered, covalently bonded fullerene/porphyrin binary nanostructure is presented: in the first place, reversible supramolecular interactions between C60 and 5,15-bis(4-aminophenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin are exploited to obtain large domains of an ordered binary network, subsequently a reaction between fullerene molecules and the amino-groups residing on porphyrin units, triggered by thermal treatment, is used to freeze the supramolecular nanostructure with covalent bonds. The resulting nanostructure resists high temperature treatments as expected for an extended covalent network, whereas very similar fullerene/porphyrin nanostructures held together only by weak interactions are disrupted upon annealing at the same or at lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sedona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova and Consorzio INSTM; Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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49
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Marie C, Silly F, Tortech L, Müllen K, Fichou D. Tuning the packing density of 2D supramolecular self-assemblies at the solid-liquid interface using variable temperature. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1288-92. [PMID: 20155970 DOI: 10.1021/nn901717k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) crystal engineering of molecular architectures on surfaces requires controlling various parameters related respectively to the substrate, the chemical structure of the molecules, and the environmental conditions. We investigate here the influence of temperature on the self-assembly of hexakis(n-dodecyl)-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC-C(12)) adsorbed on gold using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the liquid/solid interface. We show that the packing density of 2D self-assembled HBC-C(12) can be precisely tuned by adjusting the substrate temperature. Increasing the temperature progressively over the 20-50 degrees C range induces three irreversible phase transitions and a 3-fold increase of the packing density from 0.111 to 0.356 molecule/nm(2). High-resolution STM images reveal that this 2D packing density increase arises from the stepwise desorption of the n-dodecyl chains from the gold surface. Such temperature-controlled irreversible phase transitions are thus a versatile tool that can then be used to adjust the packing density of highly ordered functional materials in view of applications in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Marie
- CEA, Nanostructures et Semi-Conducteurs Organiques, SPCSI, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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50
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Miao X, Xu L, Li Y, Li Z, Zhou J, Deng W. Tuning the packing density of host molecular self-assemblies at the solid–liquid interface using guest molecule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8830-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02554b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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