1
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Zhang L, Jiang Z, Guo J, Zhang C, Xu X, Shi D, Shao Y, Ai Z, Wu Y, Hao X. Deep insight into regulation mechanism of band distribution in phase junction CdS for enhanced photocatalytic H 2 production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:146-156. [PMID: 38713954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of structure-activity relationship between the phase constitution and solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency is conducive to guiding the optimization route of targeted photocatalyst candidates, further establishing advanced photocatalytic systems. Herein, based on the concept of phase engineering, we encompassed the crystalline phase of CdS and achieved precise regulation of phase proportion as well as phase boundary width in the phase junction for the first time. The above cooperative effect not only modifies energy band distribution for sufficient redox potentials, but also guarantees the reverse migration orientation of photogenerated carriers in phase junction, thereby endowing photocarriers with a prolonged lifetime. Compared to pure cubic or hexagonal phase (72.6 or 101.1 μmol h-1 g-1), this CdS system with optimized phase junction demonstrates an improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of 1.04 mmol h-1 g-1 and favorable stability without cocatalyst assistance, which mainly stems from an efficient protons reduction process interacting with long-lived photogenerated electrons. This research explores the mechanism behind phase regulation and its relationship with junction capability, providing a powerful strategy to manipulate crystal phase distribution and paving a feasible avenue for other phase-dependent photocatalysts towards rational design of heterostructures based on different phases in solar energy conversion field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Jingru Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Dong Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Yongliang Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zizheng Ai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China.
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China.
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2
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Yue Z, Shao S, Yu J, Lu G, Wei W, Huang Y, Zhang K, Wang K, Fan X. Improved Lignin Conversion to High-Value Aromatic Monomers through Phase Junction CdS with Coexposed Hexagonal (100) and Cubic (220) Facets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29991-30009. [PMID: 38831531 PMCID: PMC11181269 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis has the potential for lignin valorization to generate functionalized aromatic monomers, but its application has been limited by the slow conversion rate and the low selectivity to desirable aromatic products. In this work, we designed the phase junction CdS with coexposed hexagonal (100) and cubic (220) facets to improve the photogenerated charge carriers' transfer efficiency from (100) facet to (220) facet and the hydrogen transfer efficiency for an enhanced conversion rate of lignin to aromatic monomers. Water is found as a sufficient external hydrogen supplier to increase the yields of aromatic monomers. These innovative designs in the reaction system promoted complete conversion of PP-ol to around 94% of aromatic monomers after 1 h of visible light irradiation, which shows the highest reaction rate and selectivity of target products in comparison with previous works. PP-one is a byproduct from the overoxidation of PP-ol and is usually difficult to be further cleaved to acetophenone and phenol as the desirable aromatic monomers. TEA was first identified in this study as a sacrificial electron donor, a hydrogen source, and a mediator to enhance the cleavage of the Cβ-O bonds in PP-one. With the assistance of TEA, PP-one can be completely cleaved to desirable aromatic monomer products, and the reaction time is reduced from several hours to 10 min of visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyang Yue
- Institute
for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K.
| | - Shibo Shao
- Institute
for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K.
- Petrochemical
Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Institute
for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K.
| | - Guanchu Lu
- Institute
for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K.
| | - Wenjing Wei
- Institute
for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K.
| | - Yi Huang
- Institute
for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Emission Surveillance and Control for Thermal Power
Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory
of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience
and Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute
of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Longzihu
New Energy Laboratory, Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial
Technology, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xianfeng Fan
- Institute
for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K.
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3
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Xiang D, Jin X, Sun G, Zhong C, Gao S. Oxygen vacancy engineering of ultra-small CuWO 4 nanoparticles for boosting photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7839-7847. [PMID: 38624191 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00628c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have attracted great interest in the field of photocatalytic degradation due to their larger specific surface area and efficient charge/mass transfer ability, which are beneficial for enhancing photocatalytic activity. However, the bandgap of photocatalysts would increase with the size reduction, weakening the photoabsorption ability. Thus the relationship between the size of catalysts and photoactivity should be balanced to achieve optimal photocatalytic performance. Herein, ultra-small CuWO4 nanoparticles (ca. 39 nm) with moderate oxygen vacancies (CuWO4-OVs) were synthesized by the cascade strategy (ligand confinement@fast calcination). The introduction of oxygen vacancies offset the deficiency of light absorption ability caused by the small size effect. Besides, oxygen vacancies could provide more reaction active sites, conducive to the adsorption and activation of dye molecules and H2O. Degradation experiments reveal that the optimized photocatalyst CuWO4-OVs 350 shows outstanding photocatalytic activity, and the removal ratio of methylene blue (MB) reaches over 90.26% in 70 min, exceeding that of pure CuWO4-air (37.66%). Additionally, the degradation performance of CuWO4-OVs 350 surpasses most of the other CuWO4-based photocatalytic systems. More importantly, the photocatalytic degradation activity of CuWO4-OVs 350 could remain at 88.26% even after five cycles, and high photostability was achieved. This work affords constructive inspiration for synergistic photoactivity enhancement and increase of catalyst reaction active sites to achieve eminent photocatalytic degradation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhou Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Guilin Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Chenghuan Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Shan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
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4
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Gao CH, Zhang SM, Feng FF, Hu SS, Zhao QF, Chen YZ. Constructing a CdS QDs/silica gel composite with high photosensitivity and prolonged recyclable operability for enhanced visible-light-driven NADH regeneration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1043-1052. [PMID: 37639926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) regeneration is one of the most effective measures, and cadmium sulfide (CdS) materials are typically used as low-cost photocatalysts. The CdS photocatalysts, however, still suffer from low regeneration efficiency and poor cycle stability. In this work, the CdS quantum dots (QDs) less than 10 nm embedded onto silica gel (CdS QDs/Silica gel) were constructed for visible-light-driven NADH regeneration by a successive ionic layer adsorption reaction and ball milling method. Results demonstrate that the photosensitivity of the CdS QDs/Silica gel composite was 31 times higher than that of the bulk CdS. Moreover, the conduction band (CB) edge of the CdS QDs/Silica gel composite is -1.34 eV, which is more negative 0.5 eV than that of the bulk CdS. The obtained CdS QDs/Silica gel composites showed the highest NADH regeneration yields of 68.8% under visible-light (LED, 420 nm) illumination and can be reused for over 40 cycles. Finally, the bioactivity of NADH toward enzyme catalysis is further confirmed by the hydrogenation of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol catalyzed with an alcohol dehydrogenase as enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Shi-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Fang-Fang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - San-San Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qian-Fan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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5
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Sun C, Song S. Regulation of d-Band Centers in Localized CdS Homojunctions through Facet Control for Improved Photocatalytic Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307808. [PMID: 37439263 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The accelerated kinetic behaviour of charge carrier transfer and its unhindered surface reaction dynamic process involving oxygenated-intermediate activation and conversion are urgently required in photocatalytic water (H2 O) overall splitting, which has not been nevertheless resolved yet. Herein, localized CdS homojunctions with optimal collocation of high and low index facets to regulate d-band center for chemically adsorbing and activating key intermediates (*-OH and *-O) have been achieved in H2 O overall splitting into hydrogen. Density functional theory, hall effect, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy confirm that, electrons and holes are kinetically transferred to reductive high index facet (002) and oxidative low index facet (110) of the localized CdS homojunction induced by facet Fermi level difference to dehydrogenate *-OH and couple *-O for hydrogen and oxygen evolution, respectively, along with a solar conversion into hydrogen (STH) of 2.20 % by Air Mass 1.5 Global filter irradiation. These findings contribute to solving the kinetic bottleneck issues of photocatalytic H2 O splitting, which will further enhance STH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo City, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo City, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo City, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Wenhua East Road 88, Jinan City, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Song
- School of New Energy, Ningbo University of Technology, Binhai Second Road 769, Ningbo City, 330013, P. R. China
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6
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Yi J, Zhang G, Wang Y, Qian W, Wang X. Recent Advances in Phase-Engineered Photocatalysts: Classification and Diversified Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16113980. [PMID: 37297114 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phase engineering is an emerging strategy for tuning the electronic states and catalytic functions of nanomaterials. Great interest has recently been captured by phase-engineered photocatalysts, including the unconventional phase, amorphous phase, and heterophase. Phase engineering of photocatalytic materials (including semiconductors and cocatalysts) can effectively affect the light absorption range, charge separation efficiency, or surface redox reactivity, resulting in different catalytic behavior. The applications for phase-engineered photocatalysts are widely reported, for example, hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, CO2 reduction, and organic pollutant removal. This review will firstly provide a critical insight into the classification of phase engineering for photocatalysis. Then, the state-of-the-art development of phase engineering toward photocatalytic reactions will be presented, focusing on the synthesis and characterization methodologies for unique phase structure and the correlation between phase structure and photocatalytic performance. Finally, personal understanding of the current opportunities and challenges of phase engineering for photocatalysis will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Wanyue Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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7
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Wang GQ, Ren XX, Wei JJ, Wang AJ, Zhao T, Feng JJ, Yun Cheang T. Ultrasensitive PEC cytosensor for breast cancer cells detection and inhibitor screening based on plum-branched CdS/Bi 2S 3 heterostructures. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108442. [PMID: 37060704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, which seriously threatens the life and health of patients. Therefore, facile and sensitive detection of human breast cancer cells is crucial for cancer diagnosis. In this work, plum-branched CdS/Bi2S3 heterostructures (CdS/Bi2S3 HSs) were synthesized under hydrothermal condition, whose photoelectrochemical (PEC) property and biocompatibility were scrutinously investigated. In parallel, a signal amplification strategy was designed based on immune recognition between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpressed on membrane of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and its aptamer. Integration of the above together, a highly sensitive PEC cytosensor was developed for analysis of target MDA-MB-231 cells, exhibiting a wider linear range of 1 × 102 ∼ 3 × 105 cells mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 6 cells mL-1 (S/N = 3). Further, the biosensor was explored for anticancer drug (e.g., dacomitinib) screening by monitoring the variations in the PEC signals of the expressed EGFR upon drug stimulation. The obtained CdS/Bi2S3 HSs are identified as promising and feasible photoactive material for determination of cancer cells and drug screening in clinic and related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Qing Wang
- Department of Breast Care Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, College of Life Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xin-Xin Ren
- Department of Breast Care Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, College of Life Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wei
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, College of Life Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, College of Life Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, College of Life Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Jiu-Ju Feng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, College of Life Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Tuck Yun Cheang
- Department of Breast Care Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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8
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Wang Y, Liang S, Zuo C, Fang H, Dong G, Sheng X, Wu B, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Construction of a heterojunction with fast charge transport channels for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via a synergistic strategy of Co-doping and crystal plane modulation. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5230-5240. [PMID: 36825559 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carrier spatial separation efficiency and active electron density are the key factors affecting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. Heterojunction catalysts with fast charge separation and directed electron transport systems were successfully prepared by a synergistic modification strategy of transition metal (Co) doping and crystal plane modulation. The optimized electronic structure and enhanced reaction kinetics enabled unidirectional electron transfer. Photocatalytic results show that CdS(002)/Co-C3N4 exhibits remarkable hydrogen evolution activity (991.2 μmol h-1 g-1) in the absence of a co-catalyst, which is 37.0 and 3.4 times higher than that of C3N4 (26.8 μmol h-1 g-1) and Co-C3N4 (294.6 μmol h-1 g-1), respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the enhanced catalytic activity of CdS(002)/Co-C3N4 is attributed to the reduced electron-hole recombination rate and the increased electron density at the active site. This work provides a new idea for the design of photocatalysts with directed charge transport channels from the perspective of re-optimizing heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota 55455-0431, USA
| | - Changjiang Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Guomeng Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoli Sheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Wu
- Multiscale Computational Materials Facility, Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100, China.
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Yuming Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
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9
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Li X, Liu J, Feng J, Wei T, Zhou Z, Ma J, Ren Y, Shen Y. High-ratio {100} plane-exposed ZnO nanosheets with dual-active centers for simultaneous photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction and Cr(III) adsorption from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130400. [PMID: 36444806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of an efficient catalyst for the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) from water is required to eliminate the risk of Cr(III) reconversion in the photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction process. ZnO with large regions of high-energy {001} and {101} surfaces is often used to degrade various pollutants due to its high activity. However, the more readily available low-energy facets have relatively limited its applications. Here, we report a new strategy that employs a high proportion of {100} plane-exposed ZnO nanosheets for simultaneous photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction and Cr(III) adsorption. The mechanism of Zn-O co-exposed on the {100} plane as the dual-active centers to jointly promote Cr(VI) reduction and Cr(III) adsorption was clarified at the atomic level. ZnO nanosheets with a high exposure ratio of the {100} plane achieve a total Cr removal rate of over 90% within 120 min under simulated sunlight irradiation, neutral conditions, and a negligible difference in the band structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Application Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jing Feng
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tong Wei
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhou
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Application Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yueming Ren
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yanqing Shen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Application Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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10
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Ma M, Chu G, Qiu L, Cao B, Li P, Shen Y, Chen X, Kita H, Duo S. Enhanced H 2evolution performance by carbonized SiC/g-C 3N 4heterojunction under visible-light illumination. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:405704. [PMID: 35334472 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac614d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, carbonized silicon carbide/graphitic carbon nitride ((SiC/C)/g-C3N4) composites were fabricated via a facile calcination method. The optimal SiC/C/g-C3N4composite shows an excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity for water splitting, with the highest hydrogen evolution amount being 200.2μmol, which is four times higher than that of pure g-C3N4when triethanolamine and platinum (1.0 wt%) are used as the sacrificial agent and cocatalyst, respectively. With an intimate interface between SiC/C and g-C3N4, the energy band structure of g-C3N4was well engineered for photocatalytic H2production. This study provides a novel method for fabricating g-C3N4-based heterojunctions for application in environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Ma
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Surface Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Chu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Surface Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfang Qiu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Surface Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Banpeng Cao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Surface Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Surface Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Surface Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangshu Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hidetoshi Kita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Graduate School Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Shuwang Duo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Surface Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhu Q, Wang J, Chen S, Fu H, Zhang J, Gao H, Liao Y. Effect of the organic sulfur source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11262-11271. [PMID: 35425033 PMCID: PMC8996522 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01309f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
By controlling the species of the organic sulfur source, CdS samples were produced with different photocatalytic performances by a low-temperature solvothermal method. Different species of the organic sulfur source were chosen as the coordination agent to control the interactions in the crystal growth process. Among them, thioacetamide was the best coordination agent. The hydrophobic chain could be good for reducing the resistance of charge transfer, and increasing the rate of surface charge transfer and the lifetime of the photoexcited electrons. Benefiting from the hydrophobic chain, CdS shows an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 943.54 μmol h-1 g-1 and a rhodamine B photocatalytic degradation rate of 99.1% in 60 min, which is superior to the photocatalysis of pure CdS prepared by many other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University Nanchong Sichuan 637000 China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University Nanchong Sichuan 637000 China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University Nanchong Sichuan 637000 China
| | - Hongquan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University Nanchong Sichuan 637000 China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University Nanchong Sichuan 637000 China
| | - Hejun Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University Nanchong Sichuan 637000 China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, China West Normal University Nanchong 637000 China
| | - Yunwen Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University Nanchong Sichuan 637000 China
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12
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Wu X, Fan H, Wang W, Zhang M, Al-Bahrani M, Ma L. Photochemical synthesis of bimetallic CuNiS x quantum dots onto g-C 3N 4 as a cocatalyst for high hydrogen evolution. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CuNiSx QDs were fabricated onto g-C3N4 by photochemical deposition method. The small size can expose more active S sites on the edge and the introduction of Cu2+ into NiSx can slightly modulate the electronic structure of Ni and S centers, thus weakening the S–Hads bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Huiqing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Mingchang Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Mohammed Al-Bahrani
- Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Longtao Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, P. R. China
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13
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Hu Z, Li Y, Gan C, Sheng M, Sun B, Jiang H. Photocatalytic C–H activation for C–C/CN/C–S bond formation over CdS: effect of morphological regulation and S vacancies. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CdS catalytic materials were utilized to fabricate C–C, CN and C–S bonds for drug intermediates or other value-added products through the high bond energy, low polarity and strong inertia C–H bonds activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Science and Technology of Chongqing Education Commission, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Science and Technology of Chongqing Education Commission, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Science and Technology of Chongqing Education Commission, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Meilin Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Science and Technology of Chongqing Education Commission, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Science and Technology of Chongqing Education Commission, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Heyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Science and Technology of Chongqing Education Commission, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
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14
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He J, Hu L, Shao C, Jiang S, Sun C, Song S. Photocatalytic H 2O Overall Splitting into H 2 Bubbles by Single Atomic Sulfur Vacancy CdS with Spin Polarization Electric Field. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18006-18013. [PMID: 34672539 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low efficient transfer of photogenerated charge carriers to redox sites along with high surface reaction barrier is a bottleneck problem of photocatalytic H2O overall splitting. Here, in the absence of cocatalysts, H2O overall splitting has been achieved by single-atomic S vacancy hexagonal CdS with a spin polarization electric field (PEF). Theoretical and experimental results confirm that single-atomic S vacancy-induced spin PEF with opposite direction to the Coulomb field accelerates charge carrier transport dynamics from the bulk phase to surface-redox sites. By systematically tuning the spin PEF intensity with single-atomic S vacancy content, common pristine CdS is converted to a photocatalyst that can efficiently complete H2O overall splitting by releasing a great number of H2 bubbles under natural solar light. This work solves the bottleneck of solar energy conversion in essence by single atom vacancy engineering, which will promote significant photocatalytic performance enhancement for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiari He
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Hu
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
| | - Chengtian Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32033, Taiwan
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqing Song
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
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15
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Wang K, Wang H, Cheng Q, Gao C, Wang G, Wu X. Molecular-functionalized engineering of porous carbon nitride nanosheets for wide-spectrum responsive solar fuel generation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1061-1070. [PMID: 34571295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride (C3N4) is a promising metal-free photocatalyst for solar-to-energy conversion, but bulk carbon nitride (BCN) shows insufficient light absorption, sluggish photocarrier transfer and moderate activity for photocatalysis. Herein, a facile strategy to significantly increase solar spectrum absorption of the functionalized porous carbon nitride nanosheets (MFPCN) via molecule self-assembly engineering coupled thermal polymerization is reported. This strategy can greatly enhance the wide-solar-spectrum absorption of MFPCN up to 1000 nm than most reported carbon nitride-based photocatalysts. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations together display that this strategy could introduce hydroxyl groups into the structure of MFPCN as well as the rich pores and active sites at the edges of framework, which can narrow the bandgap and accelerate the transfer and separation of photoinduced carries. As a result, the optimal MFPCN photocatalyst exhibit the excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 7.745 mmol g-1h-1 under simulated solar irradiation, which is ≈13 times that of BCN with remarkable durable CO2 reduction activities. New findings in this work will provide an approach to extend solar spectrum absorption of metal-free catalysts for solar fuel cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China.
| | - Hukun Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Caiyan Gao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guohong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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16
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Yang P, Yang Y, Jiang L, He J, Chen D, Chen Y, Wang J. Significantly Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Under Visible Light Over LaCoO3-Decorated Cubic/Hexagonal Mn0.25Cd0.75S. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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17
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Tang D, Shao C, Jiang S, Sun C, Song S. Graphitic C 2N 3: An Allotrope of g-C 3N 4 Containing Active Azide Pentagons as Metal-Free Photocatalyst for Abundant H 2 Bubble Evolution. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7208-7215. [PMID: 33871961 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A g-C3N4 allotrope, a curved leaf-like graphitic C2N3 (g-C2N3) with an intrinsic spontaneous polarization electric field (ISPEF), has been constructed for efficient solar energy conversion into H2 energy via photocatalytic H2O splitting. The curved leaf-like π-delocalization g-C2N3 was composed of aromatic azide pentagons and normal triazine hexagons obtained by cycloaddition between -C≡N groups from dicyandiamide polymerization and azide from the heat-treated polypyrrole fibers. Under light irradiation (λ > 420 nm), photo-generated charges are driven to separate efficiently and transfer from bulk to active sites of the surface under ISPEF that is opposite to the Coulomb field. Consequently, without any cocatalyst, g-C3N4 allotrope demonstrates a very high H2-production activity of 14.9 mmol g-1 h-1 accompanied by a lot of H2 bubbles, which is 2.6 times of g-C3N4 loading with Pt. In comparison with the reported metal-free photocatalysts or those supported with noble metals, g-C3N4 allotrope (i.e., leaf-like g-C2N3) is confirmed to be the best metal-free photocatalyst for H2O splitting into H2 fuel so far. The contructed leaf-like g-C2N3 with SPEF supplies a suitable platform for solar energy conversion into H2 fuel, which actively contributes to clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengtian Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32033, Taiwan
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqing Song
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
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18
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Wu X, Zhong W, Ma H, Hong X, Fan J, Yu H. Ultra-small molybdenum sulfide nanodot-coupled graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets: Trifunctional ammonium tetrathiomolybdate-assisted synthesis and high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 586:719-729. [PMID: 33228958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of nanoscale molybdenum sulfide (MoS2)-modified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets usually contains complex and multiple-step operations, including the separate synthesis of nanoscale MoS2 and g-C3N4 nanosheet, and their subsequent composite process. To effectively overcome the above drawbacks, herein, a facile one-step trifunctional ammonium tetrathiomolybdate ((NH4)2MoS4)-assisted approach has been designed to produce ultra-small MoSx nanodot-coupled g-C3N4 nanosheet photocatalyst, including the first addition of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and (NH4)2MoS4 into melamine precursors and their following one-step calcination. During high-temperature calcination, except for the promoting generation of the g-C3N4 nanosheets by produced ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gases, the above (NH4)2MoS4 decomposition not only can efficiently clip the s-heptazine framework to produce more terminal amino groups and cyano groups, but also can produce ultra-small MoSx nanodots on the resultant g-C3N4 nanosheet surface, resulting in the final production of ultra-small MoSx nanodot-coupled g-C3N4 nanosheets. The resultant MoSx nanodot-coupled g-C3N4 nanosheets evidently exhibit increased photocatalytic hydrogen (H2)-generation rate, about 8-fold increase to the traditional MoS2-modified g-C3N4 photocatalyst. The increased H2-generation rate can be mainly attributed to the synergism of MoSx nanodots and cyano group on the g-C3N4 nanosheet surface. The current facile technology could open the sights for the preparation of other high-efficiency photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Haiqin Ma
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xuekun Hong
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, PR China.
| | - Jiajie Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Huogen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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