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Belpomme D, Irigaray P. Why electrohypersensitivity and related symptoms are caused by non-ionizing man-made electromagnetic fields: An overview and medical assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113374. [PMID: 35537497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Much of the controversy over the cause of electrohypersensitivity (EHS) lies in the absence of recognized clinical and biological criteria for a widely accepted diagnosis. However, there are presently sufficient data for EHS to be acknowledged as a distinctly well-defined and objectively characterized neurologic pathological disorder. Because we have shown that 1) EHS is frequently associated with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) in EHS patients, and 2) that both individualized disorders share a common pathophysiological mechanism for symptom occurrence; it appears that EHS and MCS can be identified as a unique neurologic syndrome, regardless their causal origin. In this overview we distinguish the etiology of EHS itself from the environmental causes that trigger pathophysiological changes and clinical symptoms after EHS has occurred. Contrary to present scientifically unfounded claims, we indubitably refute the hypothesis of a nocebo effect to explain the genesis of EHS and its presentation. We as well refute the erroneous concept that EHS could be reduced to a vague and unproven "functional impairment". To the contrary, we show here there are objective pathophysiological changes and health effects induced by electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in EHS patients and most of all in healthy subjects, meaning that excessive non-thermal anthropogenic EMFs are strongly noxious for health. In this overview and medical assessment we focus on the effects of extremely low frequencies, wireless communications radiofrequencies and microwaves EMF. We discuss how to better define and characterize EHS. Taken into consideration the WHO proposed causality criteria, we show that EHS is in fact causally associated with increased exposure to man-made EMF, and in some cases to marketed environmental chemicals. We therefore appeal to all governments and international health institutions, particularly the WHO, to urgently consider the growing EHS-associated pandemic plague, and to acknowledge EHS as a mainly new real EMF causally-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Belpomme
- Medical Oncology Department, Paris University, Paris, France; European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Irigaray
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Perez FP, Bandeira JP, Perez Chumbiauca CN, Lahiri DK, Morisaki J, Rizkalla M. Multidimensional insights into the repeated electromagnetic field stimulation and biosystems interaction in aging and age-related diseases. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:39. [PMID: 35698225 PMCID: PMC9190166 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide a multidimensional sequence of events that describe the electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation and biological system interaction. We describe this process from the quantum to the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. We hypothesized that the sequence of events of these interactions starts with the oscillatory effect of the repeated electromagnetic stimulation (REMFS). These oscillations affect the interfacial water of an RNA causing changes at the quantum and molecular levels that release protons by quantum tunneling. Then protonation of RNA produces conformational changes that allow it to bind and activate Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 (HSF1). Activated HSF1 binds to the DNA expressing chaperones that help regulate autophagy and degradation of abnormal proteins. This action helps to prevent and treat diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (PD) by increasing clearance of pathologic proteins. This framework is based on multiple mathematical models, computer simulations, biophysical experiments, and cellular and animal studies. Results of the literature review and our research point towards the capacity of REMFS to manipulate various networks altered in aging (Reale et al. PloS one 9, e104973, 2014), including delay of cellular senescence (Perez et al. 2008, Exp Gerontol 43, 307-316) and reduction in levels of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) (Perez et al. 2021, Sci Rep 11, 621). Results of these experiments using REMFS at low frequencies can be applied to the treatment of patients with age-related diseases. The use of EMF as a non-invasive therapeutic modality for Alzheimer's disease, specifically, holds promise. It is also necessary to consider the complicated and interconnected genetic and epigenetic effects of the REMFS-biological system's interaction while avoiding any possible adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe P Perez
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Joseph P Bandeira
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cristina N Perez Chumbiauca
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Neuroscience Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jorge Morisaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maher Rizkalla
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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3
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Tracy SM, Vieira CLZ, Garshick E, Wang VA, Alahmad B, Eid R, Schwartz J, Schiff JE, Vokonas P, Koutrakis P. Associations between solar and geomagnetic activity and peripheral white blood cells in the Normative Aging Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112066. [PMID: 34537201 PMCID: PMC8678289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that solar and geomagnetic activity can affect the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and melatonin secretion, both of which may influence immune response. We investigated the association between solar geomagnetic activity and white blood cell counts in the Normative Aging Study (NAS) Cohort between 2000 and 2013. Linear mixed effects models with moving day averages ranging from 0 to 28 days were used to evaluate the effects of solar activity measures, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and sunspot number (SSN), and a measure of geomagnetic activity, K Index (K), on total white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, monocytes, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil concentrations. After adjusting for demographic and health-related factors, there were consistently significant associations between IMF, SSN, and Kp index, with reductions in total WBC, neutrophils, and basophil counts. These associations were stronger with longer moving averages. The associations were similar after adjusting for ambient air particulate pollution and particle radioactivity. Our findings suggest that periods of increased solar and geomagnetic activity result in lower WBC, neutrophil, and basophil counts that may contribute to mil mild immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Tracy
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Carolina L Z Vieira
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronica A Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ryan Eid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jessica E Schiff
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States
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Panagopoulos DJ, Karabarbounis A, Yakymenko I, Chrousos GP. Human‑made electromagnetic fields: Ion forced‑oscillation and voltage‑gated ion channel dysfunction, oxidative stress and DNA damage (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:92. [PMID: 34617575 PMCID: PMC8562392 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of animals/biological samples to human‑made electromagnetic fields (EMFs), especially in the extremely low frequency (ELF) band, and the microwave/radio frequency (RF) band which is always combined with ELF, may lead to DNA damage. DNA damage is connected with cell death, infertility and other pathologies, including cancer. ELF exposure from high‑voltage power lines and complex RF exposure from wireless communication antennas/devices are linked to increased cancer risk. Almost all human‑made RF EMFs include ELF components in the form of modulation, pulsing and random variability. Thus, in addition to polarization and coherence, the existence of ELFs is a common feature of almost all human‑made EMFs. The present study reviews the DNA damage and related effects induced by human‑made EMFs. The ion forced‑oscillation mechanism for irregular gating of voltage‑gated ion channels on cell membranes by polarized/coherent EMFs is extensively described. Dysfunction of ion channels disrupts intracellular ionic concentrations, which determine the cell's electrochemical balance and homeostasis. The present study shows how this can result in DNA damage through reactive oxygen species/free radical overproduction. Thus, a complete picture is provided of how human‑made EMF exposure may indeed lead to DNA damage and related pathologies, including cancer. Moreover, it is suggested that the non‑thermal biological effects attributed to RF EMFs are actually due to their ELF components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris J. Panagopoulos
- Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', 15310 Athens, Greece
- Choremeion Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Electromagnetic Field-Biophysics Research Laboratory, 10681 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Karabarbounis
- Department of Physics, Section of Nuclear and Particle Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Igor Yakymenko
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Public Health, Kyiv Medical University, 02000 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - George P. Chrousos
- Choremeion Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Ross C, Overholt T, Xu R, Badlani G, Evans RJ, Matthews CA, Walker SJ. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) as an adjunct therapy for pain management in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Int Urogynecol J 2021; 33:487-491. [PMID: 34100976 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-021-04862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) often experience chronic pelvic and even systemic pain that can be difficult to clinically manage. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy, a non-invasive strategy that has shown significant efficacy for pain reduction in other chronic pain conditions, may provide benefit for pain management in patients with IC/BPS. METHODS PEMF delivery to patients occurs via a bio-electromagnetic-energy device which consists of a flexible mat (180 × 50 cm) that the patient lies on for systemic, full-body delivery and/or a flexible pad (50 × 15 cm) for targeted delivery to a specific body region (e.g., pelvic area). The duration of individual sessions, number of sessions per day, total number of sessions, and follow-up observation period vary between previously published studies. Positive outcomes are typically reported as a significant reduction in visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and functional improvement assessed using validated questionnaires specific to the condition under study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The use of PEMF has been evaluated as a therapeutic strategy for pain management in several clinical scenarios. Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials have reported positive efficacy and safety profiles when PEMF was used to treat non-specific low back pain, patellofemoral pain syndrome, chronic post-operative pain, osteoarthritis-related pain, rheumatoid arthritis-related pain, and fibromyalgia-related pain. Based on these positive outcomes in a variety of pain conditions, clinical trials to evaluate whether PEMF can provide a safe, non-invasive therapeutic approach to improve symptoms of chronic pain and fatigue in patients with IC/BPS are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ross
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 391 Technology Way, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Tyler Overholt
- Department of Urology/Female Pelvic Health, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Raymond Xu
- Department of Urology/Female Pelvic Health, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gopal Badlani
- Department of Urology/Female Pelvic Health, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Evans
- Department of Urology/Female Pelvic Health, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Catherine A Matthews
- Department of Urology/Female Pelvic Health, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen J Walker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 391 Technology Way, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA. .,Department of Urology/Female Pelvic Health, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Bademoğlu G, Erdal N, Uzun C, Taşdelen B. The effects of pulsed electromagnetic field on experimentally induced sciatic nerve injury in rats. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:408-419. [PMID: 33797305 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1907403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Some experimental research indicates that low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation may accelerate regeneration in sciatic nerve injury. However, little research has examined the electrophysiological and functional properties of regenerating peripheral nerves under PEMF. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of PEMF on sciatic nerve regeneration in short- and long-term processes with electrophysiologically and functionally after crushing damage. Crush lesions were performed using jewelery forceps for 30 s. After crush injury of the sciatic nerves, 24 female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 3 groups with 8 rats in each group: SH(Sham), SNI (Sciatic Nerve Injury), SNI+PEMF(Sciatic Nerve Injury+Pulsed Electromagnetic Field). SNI+PEMF group was exposed to PEMF (4 h/day, intensity; 0.3mT, low-frequency; 2 Hz) for 40-days. Electrophysiological records (at the beginning and 1st, 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks post-crush) and functional footprints (at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th weeks post crush) were measured from all groups during the experiment. The results were compared to SNI and SNI+PEMF groups, it was found that amplitude and area parameters in the first-week were significantly higher and latency was lower in the SNI+PEMF group than in the SNI group (p < 0,05). However, the effect of PEMF was not significant in the 2nd, 4th, 6th weeks. In addition, in the 1st and 2nd weeks, the SSI parameters were significantly higher in SNI+PMF group than SNI group (p < .05). These results indicate that low-frequency PEMF is not effective for long-periods of application time while PEMF may be useful during the short-term recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülten Bademoğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nurten Erdal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Coşar Uzun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahar Taşdelen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Türkiye
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William J Nahm, Waite K, Recidoro T, Lowell L, Harris ZC, Mendoza N, Vega C, Harris E, Hizon G. Treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain with electron modulation procedure. Pain Manag 2021; 11:369-378. [PMID: 33593098 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2020-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the efficacy of the electron modulation procedure (EMP) in reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain acutely over distinct anatomical areas. Materials & methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 223 patients who received a single EMP treatment for various chronic musculoskeletal pain issues. Pain levels, recorded before and after receiving EMP, were analyzed at distinct anatomical musculoskeletal areas. Results & conclusion: The effect of the EMP treatments in reducing musculoskeletal pain was statistically significant at the 5% level. Those with hip/gluteal and ankle pain had the highest (92%) and lowest (58%) pain elimination rate, respectively. Statistical evidence supported the idea that EMP treatment can quickly reduce musculoskeletal pain. Distinct anatomical musculoskeletal areas responded differently to EMP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Nahm
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Kelsey Waite
- Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Therese Recidoro
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.,University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Luke Lowell
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | | | | | - Carlos Vega
- University Clinical Trials, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Elan Harris
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Gerardo Hizon
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
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8
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Panagopoulos DJ, Balmori A, Chrousos GP. On the biophysical mechanism of sensing upcoming earthquakes by animals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:136989. [PMID: 32070887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is documented that a few days or weeks before major Earthquakes (EQs) there are changes in animal behavior within distances up to 500 km from the seismic epicenter. At the same time Seismic Electric Signals (SES), geomagnetic and ionospheric perturbations, are detected within similar distances. SES consist of single unipolar pulses, and/or groups of such pulses called "SES activities" with an average frequency between successive pulses on the order of ~0.01 Hz and electric field intensity on the order of ~10-5-10-4 V/m (Frazer-Smith et al., 1990; Rikitake, 1998; Varotsos et al., 1993, 2011, 2019; Hayakawa et al., 2013; Grant et al., 2015). We show that the SES activities can be sensed by living organisms through the "Ion Forced-Oscillation Mechanism" for the action of Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) on cells, according to which polarized EMFs can cause irregular gating of electro-sensitive ion channels on the cell membranes with consequent disruption of the cell electrochemical balance (Panagopoulos et al., 2000, 2002, 2015). This can be sensed by sensitive animals as discomfort in cases of weak and transient exposures, and may even lead to DNA damage and serious health implications in cases of intense exposure conditions (as in certain cases of man-made EMF exposures). Moreover, we show that the geomagnetic and ionospheric perturbations cannot be sensed through this mechanism. The same mechanism has explained meteoropathy, the sensing of upcoming thunderstorms by sensitive individuals, through the action of the EMFs of lightning discharges (Panagopoulos and Balmori, 2017). The present study shows that centuries-long anecdotal rumors of animals sensing intense upcoming EQs and displaying unusual behavior, lately documented by systematic studies, are now explained for the first time on the basis of the electromagnetic nature of all living organisms, and the electromagnetic signals emitted prior to EQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris J Panagopoulos
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece; Choremeion Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; EMF-Biophysics Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George P Chrousos
- Choremeion Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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Radhakrishnan R. Magnetic field regulates plant functions, growth and enhances tolerance against environmental stresses. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1107-1119. [PMID: 31564775 PMCID: PMC6745571 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climatic fluctuations and the increasing population have been responsible for the decline in the crop productivity. The chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and suitable genetic resources are commonly used for improving the crop yield. Magnetic field (MF) therapy for plants and animals has been found to be an effective and emerging tool to control diseases and increase tolerance against the adverse environment. Very limited studies have been attempted to determine the role of MF on plant tolerance against various stress conditions. This review aims to highlight the mitigating effect of MF on plants against abiotic and biotic stresses. MF interacts with seeds and plants and accelerates metabolism, which leads to an improved germination. The primary and secondary metabolites, enzyme activities, uptake of nutrient and water are reprogrammed to stimulate the plant growth and yield under favorable conditions. During adverse conditions of abiotic stress such as drought, salt, heavy metal contamination in soil, MF mitigates the stress effects by increasing antioxidants and reducing oxidative stress in plants. The stunted plant growth under different light and temperature conditions can be overcome by the exposure to MF. An MF treatment lowers the disease index of plants due to the modulation of calcium signaling, and proline and polyamines pathways. This review explores the basic and recent information about the impact of MF on plant survival against the adverse environment and emphasizes that thorough research is required to elucidate the mechanism of its interaction to protect the plants from biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Radhakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 021 India
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10
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Galli C, Pedrazzi G, Guizzardi S. The cellular effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on osteoblasts: A review. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:211-233. [PMID: 30908726 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have long been known to interact with living organisms and their cells and to bear the potential for therapeutic use. Among the most extensively investigated applications, the use of Pulsed EMFs (PEMFs) has proven effective to ameliorate bone healing in several studies, although the evidence is still inconclusive. This is due in part to our still-poor understanding of the mechanisms by which PEMFs act on cells and affect their functions and to an ongoing lack of consensus on the most effective parameters for specific clinical applications. The present review has compared in vitro studies on PEMFs on different osteoblast models, which elucidate potential mechanisms of action for PEMFs, up to the most recent insights into the role of primary cilia, and highlight the critical issues underlying at least some of the inconsistent results in the available literature. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;9999:XX-XX. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pedrazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Guizzardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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11
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Sun Y, Shi Z, Wang Y, Tang C, Liao Y, Yang C, Cai P. Coupling of oxidative stress responses to tricarboxylic acid cycle and prostaglandin E2 alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans under extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:1159-1166. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1524943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Sun
- Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Environmental Bioelectrochemistry Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yahong Wang
- Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Chao Tang
- Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Liao
- Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Chuanjun Yang
- Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cai
- Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, P. R. China
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12
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Amiri M, Basiri M, Eskandary H, Akbarnejad Z, Esmaeeli M, Masoumi-Ardakani Y, Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M. Cytotoxicity of carboplatin on human glioblastoma cells is reduced by the concomitant exposure to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz, 70 G). Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 37:138-145. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2018.1477052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Eskandary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zeinab Akbarnejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marzie Esmaeeli
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yaser Masoumi-Ardakani
- Physiology Research center, Institute of Basic and Clinical physiology Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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13
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Bali M, Gueddari M. The effect of magnetic treatment on the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of hard waters. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1444640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Bali
- Department of Water Resources, Higher Institute of Sciences and Techniques of Waters, University of Gabès, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Gueddari
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geology, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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14
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Tharayil JJ, Goetz SM, Bernabei JM, Peterchev AV. Field Distribution of Transcranial Static Magnetic Stimulation in Realistic Human Head Model. Neuromodulation 2017; 21:340-347. [PMID: 29024263 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to characterize the magnetic field (B-field) that arises in a human brain model from the application of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The spatial distribution of the B-field magnitude and gradient of a cylindrical, 5.08 cm × 2.54 cm NdFeB magnet were simulated in air and in a human head model using the finite element method and calibrated with measurements in air. The B-field was simulated for magnet placements over prefrontal, motor, sensory, and visual cortex targets. The impact of magnetic susceptibility of head tissues on the B-field was quantified. RESULTS Peak B-field magnitude and gradient respectively ranged from 179-245 mT and from 13.3-19.0 T/m across the cortical targets. B-field magnitude, focality, and gradient decreased with magnet-cortex distance. The variation in B-field strength and gradient across the anatomical targets largely arose from the magnet-cortex distance. Head magnetic susceptibilities had negligible impact on the B-field characteristics. The half-maximum focality of the tSMS B-field ranged from 7-12 cm3 . SIGNIFICANCE This is the first presentation and characterization of the three-dimensional (3D) spatial distribution of the B-field generated in a human brain model by tSMS. These data can provide quantitative dosing guidance for tSMS applications across various cortical targets and subjects. The finding that the B-field gradient is high near the magnet edges should be considered in studies where neural tissue is placed close to the magnet. The observation that susceptibility has negligible effects confirms assumptions in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Tharayil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefan M Goetz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John M Bernabei
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angel V Peterchev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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15
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Salmen SH, Alharbi SA, Faden AA, Wainwright M. Evaluation of effect of high frequency electromagnetic field on growth and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:105-110. [PMID: 29379365 PMCID: PMC5775109 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of high frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMF at 900 and 1800 MHz) on DNA, growth rate and antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. aeruginosa. In this study, bacteria were exposed to 900 and 1800 MHz for 2 h and then inoculated to new medium when their growth rate and antibiotic susceptibility were evaluated. Results for the study of bacterial DNA unsuccessful to appearance any difference exposed and non-exposed S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Exposure of S. epidermidis and S. aureus to electromagnetic fields mostly produced no statistically significant decrease in bacterial growth, except for S. aureus when exposure to 900 MHz at 12 h. Exposure of P. aeruginosa to electromagnetic fields at 900 MHz however, lead to a significant reduction in growth rate, while 1800 MHz had insignificant effect. With the exception of S. aureus, treated with amoxicillin (30 µg) and exposed to electromagnetic fields, radiation treatment had no significant effect on bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A Faden
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Wainwright
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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16
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Zou J, Chen Y, Qian J, Yang H. Effect of a low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on expression and secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α in nucleus pulposus cells. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:462-470. [PMID: 28173722 PMCID: PMC5536647 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516683077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate changes in nucleus pulposus cell expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α following stimulation with a low-frequency (LF) pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF). Methods Primary rat nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, followed by stimulation with LF-PEMFs at a frequency of 2 Hz and different intensities, ranging from 0.5–3.0 A/m. Cells were observed for morphological changes, and proliferation rates were measured by cell viability counts. Expression of IL-1β and TNF-α within the nucleus pulposus cells was measured using western blotting, and levels of IL-1β and TNF-α secreted in the culture media were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Stimulation of nucleus pulposus cells with LF-PEMFs did not appear to affect cell morphology or nucleus pulposus cell IL-1β and TNF-α expression levels. LF-PEMFs did not significantly affect cell proliferation, however, levels of IL-1β and TNF-α secreted into the culture media were found to be significantly reduced in an intensity-dependent manner. Conclusion Low-frequency PEMF stimulation may inhibit secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α in cultured nucleus pulposus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiale Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Wang Z, Wang L, Zheng S, Ding Z, Liu H, Jin W, Pan Y, Chen Z, Fei Y, Chen G, Xu Z, Yu Y. Effects of electromagnetic fields on serum lipids in workers of a power plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2495-2504. [PMID: 26423285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure on levels of serum lipids in workers of an electric power plant. A cross-sectional study was carried out in an electric power plant in Zhejiang province, China, from August to September 2011. All participants were divided into two groups with high occupational EMF exposure and low occupational EMF exposure. The occupational EMF exposure included radiofrequency EMF and extremely low-frequency EMF. Occupational EMF exposure was associated with an increased level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c; β = 0.17 mmol/L, P = 0.022). High EMF exposure group with longer employment duration, longer daily EMF exposure duration, and more mobile phone or electric fee per month had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c, or triglyceride than the corresponding reference group. However, significantly decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was only observed in high EMF exposure group with more mobile phone fee per month. Similar results were also found in 544 participants with available data of serum lipids in 2010. The findings showed that chronic EMF exposure was associated with the change of serum lipid levels. EMF exposure might modulate the process of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheyuan Ding
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Fei
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengping Xu
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunxian Yu
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Mognaschi ME, Di Barba P, Magenes G, Lenzi A, Naro F, Fassina L. Field models and numerical dosimetry inside an extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic bioreactor: the theoretical link between the electromagnetically induced mechanical forces and the biological mechanisms of the cell tensegrity. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:473. [PMID: 25202652 PMCID: PMC4156577 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have implemented field models and performed a detailed numerical dosimetry inside our extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic bioreactor which has been successfully used in in vitro Biotechnology and Tissue Engineering researches. The numerical dosimetry permitted to map the magnetic induction field (maximum module equal to about 3.3 mT) and to discuss its biological effects in terms of induced electric currents and induced mechanical forces (compression and traction). So, in the frame of the tensegrity-mechanotransduction theory of Ingber, the study of these electromagnetically induced mechanical forces could be, in our opinion, a powerful tool to understand some effects of the electromagnetic stimulation whose mechanisms remain still elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Evelina Mognaschi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, 27100 Italy
| | - Paolo Di Barba
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, 27100 Italy
| | - Giovanni Magenes
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, 27100 Italy ; Centro di Ingegneria Tissutale (C.I.T.), Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Naro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche, Istologiche, Medico-Legali e dell'Apparato Locomotore, Università "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fassina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, 27100 Italy ; Centro di Ingegneria Tissutale (C.I.T.), Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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19
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Dimitrijević D, Savić T, Anđelković M, Prolić Z, Janać B. Extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) modifies fitness components and locomotor activity ofDrosophila subobscura. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:337-43. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.888105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Poniedzialek B, Rzymski P, Nawrocka-Bogusz H, Jaroszyk F, Wiktorowicz K. The effect of electromagnetic field on reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils in vitro. Electromagn Biol Med 2012; 32:333-41. [PMID: 23137127 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2012.721845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken in order to determine the effect of low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human neutrophils in peripheral blood in vitro. We investigated how differently generated EMF and several levels of magnetic induction affect ROS production. To evaluate the level of ROS production, two fluorescent dyes were used: 2'7'-dichlorofluorscein-diacetate and dihydrorhodamine. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), known as strong stimulator of the respiratory burst, was also used. Alternating magnetic field was generated by means of Viofor JPS apparatus. Three different levels of magnetic induction have been analyzed (10, 40 and 60 μT). Fluorescence of dichlorofluorescein and 123 rhodamine was measured by flow cytometry. The experiments demonstrated that only EMF tuned to the calcium ion cyclotron resonance frequency was able to affect ROS production in neutrophils. Statistical analysis showed that this effect depended on magnetic induction value of applied EMF. Incubation in EMF inhibited cell activity slightly in unstimulated neutrophils, whereas the activity of PMA-stimulated neutrophils has increased after incubation in EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Poniedzialek
- Department of Biology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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21
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Gu H, Chang W. Three-dimensional protein shape rendering in magnetized solution with Lambert-Beer law. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:4827-4832. [PMID: 22781261 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.004827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
When monochromatic light passes through a homogeneous absorbing medium, the absorbance is proportional to the growth of concentration and thickness of the medium, which is the Lambert-Beer law. The shade selection of protein solution magnetized for a certain time from different angles makes different absorbance, which does not meet the Lambert-Beer law. Accordingly, we derive that the absorbance A is not only proportional to the concentration and thickness of the medium but also proportional to the light area S(S) of a certain direction. For the same protein solution, we can obtain the absorbance A of six directions and thus get six values for S(S) the relative ratio of which will inevitably reveal plentiful information of the protein shape. The conformation of the protein can be easily drawn out by software (MATLAB 7.0.1). We have drawn out the molecular shape of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin. In brief, we have developed the Lambert-Beer law A=K·C·b·S(s) and a new method of exploring protein spatial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongYan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, TaiAn, Shandong 271018, China
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Radhakrishnan R, Ranjitha Kumari BD. Pulsed magnetic field: a contemporary approach offers to enhance plant growth and yield of soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 51:139-44. [PMID: 22153250 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The possible involvement of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) pretreatment in development and yield of soybean was investigated. Seeds were subjected to 20 days with 1500 nT at 10.0 Hz of PMF for 5 h per day. PMF pretreatment increased the plant height, fresh and dry weight, and protein content with the changes of protein profile in 8 days old seedlings. In addition, activity of enzymes such as β-amylase, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase was enhanced while α-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, protease and nitrate reductase activities declined due to PMF exposure. However, a considerable increment of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mg, K and Na contents with reduced level of Ca was found in PMF treated seedlings. The number of leaves, pods, seeds and length of pods, and weight of seeds were also remarkably higher in PMF treatment in contrast to controls. The results suggest that pretreatment of PMF plays important roles in improvement of crop productivity of soybean through the enhancement of protein, mineral accumulation and enzyme activities which leads to increase the growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Radhakrishnan
- Stress Physiology and Plant Biotechnology Unit, Department of Plant Science, School of Life Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ding S, Peng H, Fang HS, Zhou JL, Wang Z. Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulation prevents steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rats. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011; 12:215. [PMID: 21958301 PMCID: PMC3192716 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) stimulation has been used successfully to treat nonunion fractures and femoral head osteonecrosis, but relatively little is known about its effects on preventing steroid-induced osteonecrosis. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of PEMF stimulation on the prevention of steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Seventy-two male adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups and treated as follows. (1) PEMF stimulation group (PEMF group, n = 24): intravenously injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 μg/kg) on day 0 and intramuscularly injected with methylprednisolone acetate (MPSL, 20 mg/kg) on days 1, 2 and 3, then subjected to PEMF stimulation 4 h per day for 1 to 8 weeks. (2) Methylprednisolone-treated group (MPSL group, n = 24): injected the same dose of LPS and MPSL as the PEMF group but without exposure to PEMF. (3) Control group (PS group, n = 24): injected 0.9% saline in the same mode at the same time points. The incidence of osteonecrosis, serum lipid levels and the mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the proximal femur were measured 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the last MPSL (or saline) injection. Results The incidence of osteonecrosis in the PEMF group (29%) was significantly lower than that observed in the MPSL group (75%), while no osteonecrosis was observed in the PS group. The serum lipid levels were significantly lower in the PEMF and PS groups than in the MPSL group. Compared with the MPSL and PS groups, the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 increased, reaching a peak 1 week after PEMF treatment, and remained high for 4 weeks, then declined at 8 weeks, whereas the protein expression of TGF-β1 increased, reaching a peak at 2 weeks after PEMF treatment, and remained high for 8 weeks. Conclusions PEMF stimulation can prevent steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rats, and the underlying mechanisms involve decreased serum lipid levels and increased expression of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Campisi A, Gulino M, Acquaviva R, Bellia P, Raciti G, Grasso R, Musumeci F, Vanella A, Triglia A. Reactive oxygen species levels and DNA fragmentation on astrocytes in primary culture after acute exposure to low intensity microwave electromagnetic field. Neurosci Lett 2010; 473:52-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Baptista AF, Goes BT, Menezes D, Gomes FCA, Zugaib J, Stipursky J, Gomes JRS, Oliveira JÃT, Vannier-Santos MA, Martinez AMB. PEMF fails to enhance nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve crush lesion. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2009; 14:285-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2009.00240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Leelapriya T, Dhilip KS, Sanker Narayan PV. Effect of Weak Sinusoidal Magnetic Field on Germination and Yield of Cotton (Gossypiumspp.). Electromagn Biol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/jbc-120024621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Seyhan N, Canseven AG. In Vivo Effects of ELF MFs on Collagen Synthesis, Free Radical Processes, Natural Antioxidant System, Respiratory Burst System, Immune System Activities, and Electrolytes in the Skin, Plasma, Spleen, Lung, Kidney, and Brain Tissues. Electromagn Biol Med 2009; 25:291-305. [PMID: 17178588 DOI: 10.1080/15368370601054787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the results related with the effects of 50 Hz, 0.2 mT-3 mT MFs exposures on collagen synthesis, epilepsy, electrolytes, lipid peroxidation (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NOx), respiratory burst system (MPO), antioxidant defense system (GSH), and immune system (NK cell activity) in spleen, skin, lung, kidney, brain, and plasma tissues performed at Gazi Biophysics Department are reviewed. Our studies indicate that ELF MFs had effects on the tissues examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Seyhan
- Department of Biophysics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Perić-Mataruga V, Prolić Z, Nenadović V, Vlahović M, Mrdaković M. The effect of a static magnetic field on the morphometric characteristics of neurosecretory neurons andcorpora allatain the pupae of yellow mealwormTenebrio molitor(Tenebrionidae). Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 84:91-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000701797047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Varró P, Szemerszky R, Bárdos G, Világi I. Changes in synaptic efficacy and seizure susceptibility in rat brain slices following extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 2009; 30:631-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Budak B, Budak GG, Oztürk GG, Muluk NB, Apan A, Seyhan N. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on distortion product otoacoustic emissions in rabbits. Auris Nasus Larynx 2008; 36:255-62. [PMID: 18606507 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Humans are continuously exposed to extremely low frequency (ELF), electromagnetic fields (EMF), transmitted from the common sources like power stations, electric transmission lines, communication and radio-television signal transmission units. The present study aimed to assess the effects of 50 Hz ELF-EMF of 5.068 and 10.182 kV/m electric fields, which refer to the lower and upper intensity limits beyond which hazardous effects can be observed, on the auditory functions of rabbits via Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) recordings. METHODS The study was performed on 20 healthy adult female New Zealand White rabbits randomly divided into two groups and applied 50 Hz ELF-EMF with either 5.068 kV/m (Group 1) or 10.182 kV/m (Group 2) of electric field for 3h/day during 14 days. DPOAE responses recorded on the 0th day before exposure (B-EMF) and on the 6th (A-EMF-6th) and 14th (A-EMF-14th) days after exposure (AE). Mean stimulus intensity and emission amplitudes at 1.0-8.0 kHz were analyzed. RESULTS In Group 2 rabbits, on 6th and 14th days, the DPOAE amplitudes were observed as increased at 1.5-4.0 kHz (at 2.0 and 4.0 kHz significantly) than B-EMF values. At 6.0 kHz, A-EMF-14th amplitudes were significantly lower than A-EMF values. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ELF EMFs might affect hearing functions by frequency dependent manner. Higher ELF EMFs exposure caused increase of cochlear activity. Ototoxic effect of 10.182 kV/m ELF EMFs may begin at the basal turn of the cochlea by reducing DPOAEs at high frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgehan Budak
- Audiology Unit of the ENT Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Cellini L, Grande R, Di Campli E, Di Bartolomeo S, Di Giulio M, Robuffo I, Trubiani O, Mariggiò MA. Bacterial response to the exposure of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2008; 29:302-11. [PMID: 18175330 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the ability of prokaryotic microorganisms to activate strategies in adapting themselves to the environmental stress induced by exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF), cultures of Escherichia coli ATCC 700926 exposed at 50 Hz EMF (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mT), and the respective sham-exposed controls were studied for: the total and culturable counts, the viability status, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, the morphological analysis, the genotypical and transcriptional profile. Exposed samples and controls displayed similar total and culturable counts, whereas an increased cell viability was observed in exposed samples re-incubated for 24 h outside of the solenoid compared to the corresponding controls. An exposure to 50 Hz EMF of 20-120 min produced a significant change of E. coli morphotype with a presence of coccoid cells also aggregated in clusters after re-incubation of 24 h outside of the solenoid. Atypical lengthened bacterial forms were also observed suggesting a probable alteration during cell division. No changes among DNA fingerprintings and some differences in RNA-AFLP analysis were observed for each 50 Hz EMF intensities evaluated. Our results indicate that an exposure to 50 Hz EMF acts as a stressing factor on bacteria which can represent a suitable model to investigate acute and chronic effects related to ELF-EMF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigina Cellini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.
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Selvam R, Ganesan K, Narayana Raju KVS, Gangadharan AC, Manohar BM, Puvanakrishnan R. Low frequency and low intensity pulsed electromagnetic field exerts its antiinflammatory effect through restoration of plasma membrane calcium ATPase activity. Life Sci 2007; 80:2403-10. [PMID: 17537462 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting 1% of the population worldwide. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has a number of well-documented physiological effects on cells and tissues including antiinflammatory effect. This study aims to explore the antiinflammatory effect of PEMF and its possible mechanism of action in amelioration of adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA). Arthritis was induced by a single intradermal injection of heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis at a concentration of 500 microg in 0.1 ml of paraffin oil into the right hind paw of rats. The arthritic animals showed a biphasic response regarding changes in the paw edema volume. During the chronic phase of the disease, arthritic animals showed an elevated level of lipid peroxides and depletion of antioxidant enzymes with significant radiological and histological changes. Besides, plasma membrane Ca(2+) ATPase (PMCA) activity was inhibited while intracellular Ca(2+) level as well as prostaglandin E(2) levels was noticed to be elevated in blood lymphocytes of arthritic rats. Exposure of arthritic rats to PEMF at 5 Hzx4 microT x 90 min, produced significant antiexudative effect resulting in the restoration of the altered parameters. The antiinflammatory effect could be partially mediated through the stabilizing action of PEMF on membranes as reflected by the restoration of PMCA and intracellular Ca(2+) levels in blood lymphocytes subsequently inhibiting PGE(2) biosynthesis. The results of this study indicated that PEMF could be developed as a potential therapy for RA in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Selvam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Madras Veterinary College, Vepery, Chennai, India
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Hsu CY, Ko FY, Li CW, Fann K, Lue JT. Magnetoreception system in honeybees (Apis mellifera). PLoS One 2007; 2:e395. [PMID: 17460762 PMCID: PMC1851986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) undergo iron biomineralization, providing the basis for magnetoreception. We showed earlier the presence of superparamagnetic magnetite in iron granules formed in honeybees, and subscribed to the notion that external magnetic fields may cause expansion or contraction of the superparamagnetic particles in an orientation-specific manner, relaying the signal via cytoskeleton (Hsu and Li 1994). In this study, we established a size-density purification procedure, with which quantitative amount of iron granules was obtained from honey bee trophocytes and characterized; the density of iron granules was determined to be 1.25 g/cm3. While we confirmed the presence of superparamagnetic magnetite in the iron granules, we observed changes in the size of the magnetic granules in the trophycytes upon applying additional magnetic field to the cells. A concomitant release of calcium ion was observed by confocal microscope. This size fluctuation triggered the increase of intracellular Ca+2 , which was inhibited by colchicines and latrunculin B, known to be blockers for microtubule and microfilament syntheses, respectively. The associated cytoskeleton may thus relay the magnetosignal, initiating a neural response. A model for the mechanism of magnetoreception in honeybees is proposed, which may be applicable to most, if not all, magnetotactic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Life Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Luo R, Zhang Y, Xia L. Electrophysiological modeling study of ECG T-wave alternation caused by ultrahigh static magnetic fields. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2005:3012-5. [PMID: 17282877 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1617108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The goal of our research is try to explain the electrophysiological mechanisms of alternation in T-wave of ECG in ultrahigh static magnetic field (SMF). The magneto-hydrodynamics model study shows that ultrahigh SMF can induce reduction in the volume flow rate of the blood in human arota more than 10%, thus may lead to anoxia condition of acute ischemia. Using an ionic-based theoretical model of the cardiac ventricular cell, we simulate transmural heterogeneous suppression of the action potential plateau and action potential duration shortening in case of different anoxia degree. The results demonstrated that anoxia may produce a significant increase in the T-wave amplitude, which may be another mechanism for the influence of ultrahigh SMF to T-wave. This finding is consistent with experimental observation. This study suggests that one should strengthen the safety inspection of ECG in MRI scan and in other application of ultrahigh SMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Luo E, Shen G, Xie K, Wu X, Xu Q, Lu L, Jing X. Alimentary hyperlipemia of rabbits is affected by exposure to low-intensity pulsed magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2007; 28:608-14. [PMID: 17620298 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An experimental study was carried out in rabbits to investigate the effects of exposing rabbits to low-intensity pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) on alimentary hyperlipemia. Thirty female white big ear rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. The normal group was fed with a standard chow diet and the other two groups (hyperlipid and magnetic) were fed with the chow diet supplemented with cholesterol, yolk powder and lard. The magnetic group was exposed to 15 Hz pulsed magnetic fields. After 8 weeks, levels of blood lipid and indices of hemorheology were examined. In addition, histomorphologic changes of hepatic and myocardial tissues were compared across the groups respectively. Compared with the hyperlipid group, hemorheology indices of the magnetic group reduced significantly from 12.80% to 38.05% (P < 0.01) indicating lower blood viscosity. Similarly, compared with the hyperlipid group, the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the magnetic group decreased 40.52% and 52.42% (P < 0.01). On the contrary, high density lipoprotein (HDL) value obviously increased 66.67% (P < 0.01). Furthermore, compared with the control group, the values of triglycerides and HDL of the magnetic group did not show statistical differences (P > 0.05). The deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of thoracic aorta wall of the magnetic group was significantly lighter than that of the hyperlipid group. Numerous aggregation of lipoids emerged among myocardial myofibrils in the hyperlipid group, while no notable change was found in both the magnetic and control group. The results indicate that low-intensity PMFs could be helpful for the treatment of alimentary hyperlipemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erping Luo
- Department of Military Medical Equipment & Metrology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Minorsky PV, Bronstein NB. Natural experiments indicate that geomagnetic variations cause spatial and temporal variations in coconut palm asymmetry. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 142:40-4. [PMID: 16957133 PMCID: PMC1557623 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.086835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Minorsky
- Division of Natural Sciences, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, New York 10522, USA.
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Galland P, Pazur A. Magnetoreception in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2005; 118:371-89. [PMID: 16283069 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-005-0246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews phenomena of magnetoreception in plants and provides a survey of the relevant literature over the past 80 years. Plants react in a multitude of ways to geomagnetic fields-strong continuous fields as well as alternating magnetic fields. In the past, physiological investigations were pursued in a somewhat unsystematic manner and no biological advantage of any magnetoresponse is immediately obvious. As a result, most studies remain largely on a phenomenological level and are in general characterised by a lack of mechanistic insight, despite the fact that physics provides several theories that serve as paradigms for magnetoreception. Beside ferrimagnetism, which is well proved for bacterial magnetotaxis and for some cases of animal navigation, two further mechanisms for magnetoreception are currently receiving major attention: (1) the "radical-pair mechanism" consisting of the modulation of singlet-triplet interconversion rates of a radical pair by weak magnetic fields, and (2) the "ion cyclotron resonance" mechanism. The latter mechanism centres around the fact that ions should circulate in a plane perpendicular to an external magnetic field with their Lamor frequencies, which can interfere with an alternating electromagnetic field. Both mechanisms provide a theoretical framework for future model-guided investigations in the realm of plant magnetoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Galland
- Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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ŁOpucki M, Czekierdowski A, Rogowska W, Kotarski J. The effect of oscillating low intensity magnetic field on the Na+, K+, Ca++, and Mg++ concentrations in the maternal and fetal circulation of the dually perfused human placental cotyledon. Bioelectromagnetics 2004; 25:329-37. [PMID: 15197755 DOI: 10.1002/bem.10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dual-sided perfusions of the human placental cotyledon in vitro were used to study effects of low intensity magnetic fields (MFs) of 2 mT, 50 Hz (E1, 10 perfusions) and 5 mT, 50 Hz (E2, 10 perfusions). In the control group C (10 experiments) no field was used. Perfusions lasted 180 min each. Increased release of calcium ions from the placental cotyledon was found in the fetal circulation during perfusion when the 2 mT, 50 Hz MF was used. No changes in the release of sodium and magnesium ions were observed compared to the control group. The 5 mT, 50 Hz oscillating MF intensified the release of sodium ions from the perfused cotyledon both to the fetal and maternal circulation up to the 150th min of the experiment. Increased release of magnesium ions was observed only to the fetal circulation between 120 and 180 min and of calcium ions to the fetal circulation between 60 and 180 min. No significant differences in K concentrations were found between the control and MF exposed cotyledons under conditions of these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej ŁOpucki
- 1st Department of Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Arafa HMM, Abd-Allah ARA, El-Mahdy MA, Ramadan LA, Hamada FMA. Immunomodulatory effects of L-carnitine and q10 in mouse spleen exposed to low-frequency high-intensity magnetic field. Toxicology 2003; 187:171-81. [PMID: 12699906 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(03)00050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we have investigated the bioeffects of repeated exposure to low-frequency (50 Hz) high-intensity (20 mT; 200 G) electromagnetic field (EMF) on some immune parameters in mice. The animals were exposed to EMF daily for 30 min three times per week for 2 weeks. We also studied the possible immunomodulatory effects of two anti-radical substances known to have non-specific immunostimulant effects namely, L-carnitine (200 mg/kg body weight i.p.) and Q10 (200 mg/kg body weight, p.o.). Both drugs were given 1 h prior to each EMF exposure. Immune endpoints included total body weight, spleen/body weight ratio, splenocytes viability, total and differential white blood cell (WBCs; lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils) counts, as well as the lymphocyte proliferation induced by the mitogens; phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin-A (Con-A) and lipoploysaccharide (LPS). Magnetic field decreased splenocyte viability, WBCs count, as well as mitogens-induced lymphocyte proliferation. L-carnitine, but not Q10 could ameliorate the adverse effects of EMF on the vast majority of the immune parameters tested, suggesting a possible immunoprotective role of L-carnitine under the current experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M M Arafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Panagopoulos DJ, Karabarbounis A, Margaritis LH. Mechanism for action of electromagnetic fields on cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 298:95-102. [PMID: 12379225 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A biophysical model for the action of oscillating electric fields on cells, presented by us before [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 272(3) (2000) 634-640], is extended now to include oscillating magnetic fields as well, extended to include the most active biological conditions, and also to explain why pulsed electromagnetic fields can be more active biologically than continuous ones. According to the present theory, the low frequency fields are the most bioactive ones. The basic mechanism is the forced-vibration of all the free ions on the surface of a cell's plasma membrane, caused by an external oscillating field. We have shown that this coherent vibration of electric charge is able to irregularly gate electrosensitive channels on the plasma membrane and thus cause disruption of the cell's electrochemical balance and function [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 272(3) (2000) 634-640]. It seems that this simple idea can be easily extended now and looks very likely to be able to give a realistic basis for the explanation of a wide range of electromagnetic field bioeffects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris J Panagopoulos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens GR-15784, Greece.
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Kawczyk-Krupka A, Sieron A, Shani* J, Czuba ZP, Krol W. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS ON STIMULATED MACROPHAGES J774.2 IN CELL CULTURE. Electromagn Biol Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/jbc-120006786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Leisner S, Shahar R, Aizenberg I, Lichovsky D, Levin-Harrus T. The effect of short-duration, high-intensity electromagnetic pulses on fresh ulnar fractures in rats. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. A, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, CLINICAL MEDICINE 2002; 49:33-7. [PMID: 11913824 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2002.00386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been found to be beneficial to a wide variety of biological phenomena. In particular, PEMFs have been shown to be useful in the promotion of healing of ununited fractures. Conflicting information exists regarding the benefit of using PEMFs to accelerate the healing of fresh fractures. This paper reports on the evaluation of the effect of a new PEMF generator (PAP IMI) on the healing of fresh ulnar fractures in rats. This device is unique by virtue of the extremely high power output of each of the pulses it generates. Ulnar fractures were created in rats by using a bone cutter, thus producing a 2-3 mm bone defect. Rats were then randomly divided into treatment and control groups. The treatment group underwent periodic treatments with the PAP IMI, and the control group received no treatment. Radiographs of rats from both groups were taken at 1-week intervals. Histological evaluation was performed at the end of the study. Radiographic and histopathological evaluations were scored, and scores were used to assess both rate and quality of healing. The radiographic results demonstrated gradual bridging callus formation in both control and treatment groups, however, the healing process was faster in rats that were not treated by PEMF. Histological evaluation demonstrated that the fibrous content of the callus in rats belonging to the treatment group was significantly higher than that in rats belonging to the control group. The results of this study do not support the claim that PEMF generated by the PAP-IMI stimulate osteogenesis and bone healing after the creation of fresh ulnar fractures in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leisner
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovat, Israel.
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Ottani V, Raspanti M, Martini D, Tretola G, Ruggeri A, Franchi M, Giuliani Piccari G, Ruggeri A. Electromagnetic stimulation on the bone growth using backscattered electron imaging. Micron 2002; 33:121-5. [PMID: 11567880 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-4328(01)00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The events at the hydroxyapatite implant material/tissue interface following electromagnetic stimulation were studied in the rabbit. Two kinds of hydroxyapatite were used: natural (NA) and synthetic (HA) both with a grain size of <50 microm. Bone defects, artificially created in rabbit tibiae, were filled with the material examined. One group of animals was exposed immediately after surgery and every 12h thereafter to 30-min treatments with electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). A second group was used as a control (untreated). Two and 4 weeks after implantation, animals were sacrificed and bone samples processed for LM, TEM and SEM using a backscatter electron detector for the evaluation of bone growth. This study indicates that HA has more osteoconductivity than NA, and shows that PEMF-treatment results in a benefit in accelerating bone formation at early time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ottani
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana Normale, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Pessina G, Aldinucci C, Palmi M, Sgaragli G, Benocci A, Meini A, Pessina F. Pulsed electromagnetic fields affect the intracellular calcium concentrations in human astrocytoma cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Aldinucci C, Palmi M, Sgaragli G, Benocci A, Meini A, Pessina F, Pessina GP. The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the physiologic behaviour of a human astrocytoma cell line. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1499:101-108. [PMID: 11118642 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(00)00111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of 50 Hz pulsed electromagnetic fields (EMFs) with a peak magnetic field of 3 mT on human astrocytoma cells. Our results clearly demonstrate that, after the cells were exposed to EMFs for 24 h, the basal [Ca(2+)](i) levels increased significantly from 124+/-51 nM to 200+/-79 nM. Pretreatment of the cells with 1.2 microM substance P increased the [Ca(2+)](i) to 555+/-278 nM, while EMF exposure caused a significant drop in [Ca(2+)](i) to 327+/-146 nM. The overall effect of EMFs probably depends on the prevailing Ca(2+) conditions of the cells. After exposure, the proliferative responses of both normal and substance P-pretreated cells increased slightly from 1.03 to 1.07 and 1.04 to 1.06, respectively. U-373 MG cells spontaneously released about 10 pg/ml of interleukin-6 which was significantly increased after the addition of substance P. Moreover, immediately after EMF exposure and 24 h thereafter, the interleukin-6 levels were more elevated (about 40%) than in controls. On the whole, our data suggest that, by changing the properties of cell membranes, EMFs can influence Ca(2+) transport processes and hence Ca(2+) homeostasis. The increased levels of interleukin-6 after 24 h of EMF exposure may confirm the complex connection between Ca(2+) levels, substance P and the cytokine network.
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Panagopoulos DJ, Messini N, Karabarbounis A, Philippetis AL, Margaritis LH. A mechanism for action of oscillating electric fields on cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 272:634-40. [PMID: 10860806 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The biological effects of electromagnetic fields have seriously concerned the scientific community and the public as well in the past decades as more and more evidence has accumulated about the hazardous consequences of so-called "electromagnetic pollution." This theoretical model is based on the simple hypothesis that an oscillating external electric field will exert an oscillating force to each of the free ions that exist on both sides of all plasma membranes and that can move across the membranes through transmembrane proteins. This external oscillating force will cause a forced vibration of each free ion. When the amplitude of the ions' forced vibration transcends some critical value, the oscillating ions can give a false signal for opening or closing channels that are voltage gated (or even mechanically gated), in this way disordering the electrochemical balance of the plasma membrane and consequently the whole cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Panagopoulos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Athens University, Greece.
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Abstract
The clinical benefits of electromagnetic fields have been claimed for 20 centuries, yet it still is not clear how they work or in what circumstances they should be used. There is a large body of evidence that steady direct current and time varying electric fields are generated in living bone by metabolic activity and mechanical deformation, respectively. Externally supplied direct currents have been used to treat nonunions, appearing to trigger mitosis and recruitment of osteogenic cells, possibly via electrochemical reactions at the electrode-tissue interface. Time varying electromagnetic fields also have been used to heal nonunions and to stabilize hip implants, fuse spines, and treat osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis. Recent research into the mechanism(s) of action of these time varying fields has concentrated on small, extremely low frequency sinusoidal electric fields. The osteogenic capacity of these fields does not appear to involve changes in the transmembrane electric potential, but instead requires coupling to the cell interior via transmembrane receptors or by mechanical coupling to the membrane itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Otter
- Program in Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794-8181, USA
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48
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Richards TL, Lappin MS, Lawrie FW, Stegbauer KC. Bioelectromagnetic Applications for Multiple Sclerosis. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Müri RM, Felblinger J, Rösler KM, Jung B, Hess CW, Boesch C. Recording of electrical brain activity in a magnetic resonance environment: distorting effects of the static magnetic field. Magn Reson Med 1998; 39:18-22. [PMID: 9438432 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910390105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The technical limitations of electroencephalography (EEG) and flashed visually-evoked potentials (VEP) recordings in the static magnetic field of the MR system were systematically studied. A main artifact occurring in the magnetic field was found to be correlated with the heart cycle and had amplitudes in the range of EEG and VEP signals. For VEP recordings, a substantial reduction of this effect was achieved by subtraction of the averaged artifact from the averaged composed signal (VEP and artifact) resulting in the VEP signal alone. However, for continuous EEG recordings, there is no such solution, since the observed effect is not sufficiently constant in amplitude, and the standard deviation of the amplitude of the effect is often larger than the EEG amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Müri
- Department of Neurology, University of Bern and Inselspital, Switzerland
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