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Birrer SC, Wemheuer F, Dafforn KA, Gribben PE, Steinberg PD, Simpson SL, Potts J, Scanes P, Doblin MA, Johnston EL. Legacy Metal Contaminants and Excess Nutrients in Low Flow Estuarine Embayments Alter Composition and Function of Benthic Bacterial Communities. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:661177. [PMID: 34690940 PMCID: PMC8531495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.661177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal systems such as estuaries are threatened by multiple anthropogenic stressors worldwide. However, how these stressors and estuarine hydrology shape benthic bacterial communities and their functions remains poorly known. Here, we surveyed sediment bacterial communities in poorly flushed embayments and well flushed channels in Sydney Harbour, Australia, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Sediment samples were collected monthly during the Austral summer-autumn 2014 at increasing distance from a large storm drain in each channel and embayment. Bacterial communities differed significantly between sites that varied in proximity to storm drains, with a gradient of change apparent for sites within embayments. We explored this pattern for embayment sites with analysis of RNA-Seq gene expression patterns and found higher expression of multiple genes involved in bacterial stress response far from storm drains, suggesting that bacterial communities close to storm drains may be more tolerant of localised anthropogenic stressors. Several bacterial groups also differed close to and far from storm drains, suggesting their potential utility as bioindicators to monitor contaminants in estuarine sediments. Overall, our study provides useful insights into changes in the composition and functioning of benthic bacterial communities as a result of multiple anthropogenic stressors in differing hydrological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C Birrer
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Franziska Wemheuer
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul E Gribben
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jaimie Potts
- Coastal Waters Unit, Science Division, NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Scanes
- Coastal Waters Unit, Science Division, NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martina A Doblin
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia.,Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma L Johnston
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
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Huang YY, Wang GD, Liu JS, Zhang LL, Huang SY, Wang YL, Yang ZW, Ge H. Analysis of transcriptome difference between rapid-growing and slow-growing in Penaeus vannamei. Gene 2021; 787:145642. [PMID: 33848570 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Penaeus vannamei is the principle cultured shrimp species in China. However, with the increase of culture density, the growth difference between individuals is also expanding. Here, we make use of RNA-seq to study the growth mechanisms of P. vannamei. After 120 days, we examined the transcriptomes of rapid-growing individuals (RG) and slow-growing individuals (SG). A total of 2116 and 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in SG and RG, respectively. Moreover, the main DEGs are opsin, heat shock protein (HSP), actin, myosin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), cuticle protein, and chitinase. GO analysis further revealed that the DEGs were enriched in biological processes significantly, such as "sensory perception," "sensory perception of light stimulus," "response to stimulus," and "response to stress." Additionally, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in "pentose and glucuronate interconversions," "amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism," "glycophospholipid biosynthesis," and "glutathione metabolism." Interestingly, the upstream genes in the ecdysone signaling pathway, including molting inhibition hormone (MIH) and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), did not differ significantly between RG and SG, which suggests that the cause for the inconsistent growth performance is due to the stress levels rather than the ecdysone signal pathway. In summary, this work provides data that will be useful for future studies on shrimp growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yu Huang
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - Jun-Sheng Liu
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Shi-Yu Huang
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yi-Lei Wang
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Zhang-Wu Yang
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Shanhai Road, Huli, Xiamen 361000, China.
| | - Hui Ge
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Shanhai Road, Huli, Xiamen 361000, China
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Kosecka-Strojek M, Trzeciak J, Homa J, Trzeciak K, Władyka B, Trela M, Międzobrodzki J, Lis MW. Effect of Staphylococcus aureus infection on the heat stress protein 70 (HSP70) level in chicken embryo tissues. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101119. [PMID: 33975035 PMCID: PMC8131717 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are components of physiological biocenosis of skin or mucous membranes in some animals’ genera but also they are dangerous opportunistic pathogens responsible for infections of various localization, course or manifestations. Proteins produced by these bacteria destroy tissues, leukocytes and cause haemolysis of erythrocytes. Host organisms respond by defence mechanisms. Production of heat stress proteins (HSPs) is one of defence responses of infected host organism. To evaluate infection and host defence mechanisms some animal models of experimental infection are reported. Use of chick embryo model allows demonstrating adequate differences in staphylococcal virulence depending on the strain genotype. The aim of the study was to examine the changes in heat shock protein HSP70 levels in chick embryo tissues after infection caused by S. aureus strains no. tu2, pa3, ch5, ch10, ch24, and ch25 isolated from chickens. The bacteria were injected directly into fluid of amnion cavity and incubated for 10 days. The mortality of particular chick embryos was reported and the tissues for further analysis were taken every day from day 13 to day 19. The levels of heat stress protein HSP70 were determined by dot-blot method. Results showed that the strains no. ch5, ch24, and ch25 were the most virulent. HSP70 levels increased in all groups of injected embryos at the same time the hatching process was started. The presented study showed that the infected chick embryos were characterized by higher HSP level from 12.3% up to 19.7% compared to the control group. The morphological analysis showed numerous erythrocytes with damaged cell membranes and morphological changes of erythrocytes. Changes in the level of HSP70 protein can be a useful indicator of infection caused by S. aureus bacteria. Additionally, chicken embryo is a helpful research model in studies of pathogenesis of diseases caused by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kosecka-Strojek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Trzeciak
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Homa
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Trzeciak
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Benedykt Władyka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trela
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Międzobrodzki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin W Lis
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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