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Sudhakaran S, Mandlik R, Kumawat S, Raturi G, Gupta SK, Shivaraj SM, Patil G, Deshmukh R, Sharma TR, Sonah H. Evolutionary analysis of tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) unraveling the role of TIP3s in plant seed development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109022. [PMID: 39137680 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) are crucial in facilitating the transportation of water and various small solutes across biological membranes. The evolutionary path and functional roles of TIPs is poorly understood in plants. In the present study, a total of 976 TIPs were identified in 104 diverse species and subsequently studied to trace their lineage-specific evolutionary path and tissue-specific function. Interestingly, TIPs were found to be absent in lower forms such as algae and fungi and they evolved later in primitive plants like bryophytes. Bryophytes possess a distant class of TIPs, denoted as TIP6, which is not found in higher plants. The aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter found in TIP6 of certain liverworts share similarity with hybrid intrinsic protein (HIP), suggesting an evolutionary kinship. As plants evolved to more advanced forms, TIPs diversified into five different sub-groups (TIP1 to TIP5). Notably, TIP5 is a sub-group unique to angiosperms. The evolutionary history of the TIP subfamily reveals an interesting observation that the TIP3 subgroup has evolved within seed-bearing Spermatophyta. Further, TIPs exhibit tissue-specific expression that is conserved within various plant species. Specifically, the TIP3s were found to be exclusively expressed in seeds. Quantitative PCR analysis of TIP3s showed gradually increasing expression in soybean seed developmental stages. The expression of TIP3s in different plant species was also found to be gradually increasing during seed maturation. The results presented here address the knowledge gap concerning the evolutionary background of TIPs, specifically TIP3 in plants, and provide valuable insights for a deeper comprehension of the functions of TIPs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Haryana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Haryana, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - S M Shivaraj
- Department of Science, Alliance University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gunvant Patil
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Haryana, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Haryana, India.
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2
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Laothanachareon T, Asin-Garcia E, Volkers RJM, Tamayo-Ramos JA, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Schaap PJ. Identification of Aspergillus niger Aquaporins Involved in Hydrogen Peroxide Signaling. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040499. [PMID: 37108953 PMCID: PMC10144872 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is a robust microbial cell factory for organic acid production. However, the regulation of many industrially important pathways is still poorly understood. The regulation of the glucose oxidase (Gox) expression system, involved in the biosynthesis of gluconic acid, has recently been uncovered. The results of that study show hydrogen peroxide, a by-product of the extracellular conversion of glucose to gluconate, has a pivotal role as a signaling molecule in the induction of this system. In this study, the facilitated diffusion of hydrogen peroxide via aquaporin water channels (AQPs) was studied. AQPs are transmembrane proteins of the major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) superfamily. In addition to water and glycerol, they may also transport small solutes such as hydrogen peroxide. The genome sequence of A. niger N402 was screened for putative AQPs. Seven AQPs were found and could be classified into three main groups. One protein (AQPA) belonged to orthodox AQP, three (AQPB, AQPD, and AQPE) were grouped in aquaglyceroporins (AQGP), two (AQPC and AQPF) were in X-intrinsic proteins (XIPs), and the other (AQPG) could not be classified. Their ability to facilitate diffusion of hydrogen peroxide was identified using yeast phenotypic growth assays and by studying AQP gene knock-outs in A. niger. The X-intrinsic protein AQPF appears to play roles in facilitating hydrogen peroxide transport across the cellular membrane in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and A. niger experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaporn Laothanachareon
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Enrique Asin-Garcia
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Biomanufacturing and Digital Twins, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rita J M Volkers
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Antonio Tamayo-Ramos
- ITENE Research Center, Industrial Biotechnology Area, C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Peter J Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- UNLOCK Large Scale Infrastructure for Microbial Communities, Wageningen University & Research, Delft University of Technology, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The fungal cell wall is essential for growth and survival, and is a key target for antifungal drugs and the immune system. The cell wall must be robust but flexible, protective and shielding yet porous to nutrients and membrane vesicles and receptive to exogenous signals. Most fungi have a common inner wall skeleton of chitin and β-glucans that functions as a flexible viscoelastic frame to which a more diverse set of outer cell wall polymers and glycosylated proteins are attached. Whereas the inner wall largely determines shape and strength, the outer wall confers properties of hydrophobicity, adhesiveness, and chemical and immunological heterogeneity. The spatial organization and dynamic regulation of the wall in response to prevailing growth conditions enable fungi to thrive within changing, diverse and often hostile environments. Understanding this architecture provides opportunities to develop diagnostics and drugs to combat life-threatening fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A R Gow
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Megan D Lenardon
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Berrío RT, Nelissen H, Inzé D, Dubois M. Increasing yield on dry fields: molecular pathways with growing potential. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:323-341. [PMID: 34695266 PMCID: PMC7612350 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress constitutes one of the major constraints to agriculture all over the world, and its devastating effect is only expected to increase in the following years due to climate change. Concurrently, the increasing food demand in a steadily growing population requires a proportional increase in yield and crop production. In the past, research aimed to increase plant resilience to severe drought stress. However, this often resulted in stunted growth and reduced yield under favorable conditions or moderate drought. Nowadays, drought tolerance research aims to maintain plant growth and yield under drought conditions. Overall, recently deployed strategies to engineer drought tolerance in the lab can be classified into a 'growth-centered' strategy, which focuses on keeping growth unaffected by the drought stress, and a 'drought resilience without growth penalty' strategy, in which the main aim is still to boost drought resilience, while limiting the side effects on plant growth. In this review, we put the scope on these two strategies and some molecular players that were successfully engineered to generate drought-tolerant plants: abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, ROS scavenging genes, strigolactones, and aquaporins. We discuss how these pathways participate in growth and stress response regulation under drought. Finally, we present an overview of the current insights and future perspectives in the development of new strategies to improve drought tolerance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tenorio Berrío
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Corresponding Author: Dirk Inzé VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology Technologiepark 71 B-9052 Ghent (Belgium) Tel.: +32 9 3313800; Fax: +32 9 3313809;
| | - Marieke Dubois
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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Herman K, Bleichrodt R. Go with the flow: mechanisms driving water transport during vegetative growth and fruiting. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Fungal X-Intrinsic Protein Aquaporin from Trichoderma atroviride: Structural and Functional Considerations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020338. [PMID: 33672420 PMCID: PMC7927018 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The major intrinsic protein (MIP) superfamily is a key part of the fungal transmembrane transport network. It facilitates the transport of water and low molecular weight solutes across biomembranes. The fungal uncharacterized X-Intrinsic Protein (XIP) subfamily includes the full protein diversity of MIP. Their biological functions still remain fully hypothetical. The aim of this study is still to deepen the diversity and the structure of the XIP subfamily in light of the MIP counterparts—the aquaporins (AQPs) and aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs)—and to describe for the first time their function in the development, biomass accumulation, and mycoparasitic aptitudes of the fungal bioagent Trichoderma atroviride. The fungus-XIP clade, with one member (TriatXIP), is one of the three clades of MIPs that make up the diversity of T. atroviride MIPs, along with the AQPs (three members) and the AQGPs (three members). TriatXIP resembles those of strict aquaporins, predicting water diffusion and possibly other small polar solutes due to particularly wider ar/R constriction with a Lysine substitution at the LE2 position. The XIP loss of function in ∆TriatXIP mutants slightly delays biomass accumulation but does not impact mycoparasitic activities. ∆TriatMIP forms colonies similar to wild type; however, the hyphae are slightly thinner and colonies produce rare chlamydospores in PDA and specific media, most of which are relatively small and exhibit abnormal morphologies. To better understand the molecular causes of these deviant phenotypes, a wide-metabolic survey of the ∆TriatXIPs demonstrates that the delayed growth kinetic, correlated to a decrease in respiration rate, is caused by perturbations in the pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, the null expression of the XIP gene strongly impacts the expression of four expressed MIP-encoding genes of T. atroviride, a plausible compensating effect which safeguards the physiological integrity and life cycle of the fungus. This paper offers an overview of the fungal XIP family in the biocontrol agent T. atroviride which will be useful for further functional analysis of this particular MIP subfamily in vegetative growth and the environmental stress response in fungi. Ultimately, these findings have implications for the ecophysiology of Trichoderma spp. in natural, agronomic, and industrial systems.
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7
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Ala M, Mohammad Jafari R, Hajiabbasi A, Dehpour AR. Aquaporins and diseases pathogenesis: From trivial to undeniable involvements, a disease-based point of view. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6115-6135. [PMID: 33559160 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), as transmembrane proteins, were primarily identified as water channels with the ability of regulating the transmission of water, glycerol, urea, and other small-sized molecules. The classic view of AQPs involvement in therapeutic plan restricted them and their regulators into managing only a narrow spectrum of the diseases such as diabetes insipidus and the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. However, further investigations performed, especially in the third millennium, has found that their cooperation in water transmission control can be manipulated to handle other burden-imposing diseases such as cirrhosis, heart failure, Meniere's disease, cancer, bullous pemphigoid, eczema, and Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Hajiabbasi
- Guilan Rheumatology Research Center, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Xu H, Zwiazek JJ. Fungal Aquaporins in Ectomycorrhizal Root Water Transport. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:302. [PMID: 32265956 PMCID: PMC7103631 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi influence root water transport of host plants. To delineate the exact mechanisms of how fungal partner alters root water relations, it is important to understand the functions of fungal transmembrane water channels, i.e., aquaporins, the key component in the symplastic pathways. In this paper, we discussed what roles the fungal aquaporins may play in root water transport. We also highlighted the opportunities of using integrated approaches to address rising questions in future hotspots of aquaporin and root water relations research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hao Xu,
| | - Janusz J. Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Wang R, Clarke BB, Belanger FC. Transcriptome Analysis of Choke Stroma and Asymptomatic Inflorescence Tissues Reveals Changes in Gene Expression in Both Epichloë festucae and Its Host Plant Festuca rubra subsp. rubra. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E567. [PMID: 31744076 PMCID: PMC6921078 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cool-season grasses have symbiotic relationships with Epichloë (Ascomycota, Clavicipitaceae) fungal endophytes that inhabit the intercellular spaces of the above-ground parts of the host plants. The presence of the Epichloë endophytes is generally beneficial to the hosts due to enhanced tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses conferred by the endophytes. Many Epichloë spp. are asexual, and those infections always remain asymptomatic. However, some Epichloë spp. have a sexual stage and produce a macroscopic fruiting body, a stroma, that envelops the developing inflorescence causing a syndrome termed "choke disease". Here, we report a fungal and plant gene expression analysis of choke stroma tissue and asymptomatic inflorescence tissue of Epichloë festucae-infected strong creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra subsp. rubra). Hundreds of fungal genes and over 10% of the plant genes were differentially expressed when comparing the two tissue types. The differentially expressed fungal genes in the choke stroma tissue indicated a change in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as a change in expression of numerous genes for candidate effector proteins. Plant stress-related genes were up-regulated in the stroma tissue, suggesting the plant host was responding to the epiphytic stage of E. festucae as a pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faith C. Belanger
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (R.W.); (B.B.C.)
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10
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Robin A, Pradier C, Sanguin H, Mahé F, Lambais GR, de Araujo Pereira AP, Germon A, Santana MC, Tisseyre P, Pablo AL, Heuillard P, Sauvadet M, Bouillet JP, Andreote FD, Plassard C, de Moraes Gonçalves JL, Cardoso EJBN, Laclau JP, Hinsinger P, Jourdan C. How deep can ectomycorrhizas go? A case study on Pisolithus down to 4 meters in a Brazilian eucalypt plantation. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:637-648. [PMID: 31732817 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the strong ecological importance of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, their vertical distribution remains poorly understood. To our knowledge, ECM structures associated with trees have never been reported in depths below 2 meters. In this study, fine roots and ECM root tips were sampled down to 4-m depth during the digging of two independent pits differing by their water availability. A meta-barcoding approach based on Illumina sequencing of internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) was carried out on DNA extracted from root samples (fine roots and ECM root tips separately). ECM fungi dominated the root-associated fungal community, with more than 90% of sequences assigned to the genus Pisolithus. The morphological and barcoding results demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of ECM symbiosis down to 4-m. The molecular diversity of Pisolithus spp. was strongly dependent on depth, with soil pH and soil water content as primary drivers of the Pisolithus spp. structure. Altogether, our results highlight the importance to consider the ECM symbiosis in deep soil layers to improve our understanding of fine roots functioning in tropical soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Robin
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
- ESALQ, University São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Céline Pradier
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Sanguin
- CIRAD, UMR BGPI, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- BGPI, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Mahé
- CIRAD, UMR BGPI, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- BGPI, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Amandine Germon
- UNESP, University São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, 18610-300, Brazil
| | | | - Pierre Tisseyre
- LSTM, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Pablo
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Heuillard
- INRA, US 1426, GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, F-31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marie Sauvadet
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouillet
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Claude Plassard
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Paul Laclau
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Hinsinger
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Jourdan
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398, Montpellier, France
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11
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Bezerra-Neto JP, de Araújo FC, Ferreira-Neto JRC, da Silva MD, Pandolfi V, Aburjaile FF, Sakamoto T, de Oliveira Silva RL, Kido EA, Barbosa Amorim LL, Ortega JM, Benko-Iseppon AM. Plant Aquaporins: Diversity, Evolution and Biotechnological Applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:368-395. [PMID: 30387391 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666181102095910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane forms a permeable barrier that separates the cytoplasm from the external environment, defining the physical and chemical limits in each cell in all organisms. The movement of molecules and ions into and out of cells is controlled by the plasma membrane as a critical process for cell stability and survival, maintaining essential differences between the composition of the extracellular fluid and the cytosol. In this process aquaporins (AQPs) figure as important actors, comprising highly conserved membrane proteins that carry water, glycerol and other hydrophilic molecules through biomembranes, including the cell wall and membranes of cytoplasmic organelles. While mammals have 15 types of AQPs described so far (displaying 18 paralogs), a single plant species can present more than 120 isoforms, providing transport of different types of solutes. Such aquaporins may be present in the whole plant or can be associated with different tissues or situations, including biotic and especially abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity or tolerance to soils rich in heavy metals, for instance. The present review addresses several aspects of plant aquaporins, from their structure, classification, and function, to in silico methodologies for their analysis and identification in transcriptomes and genomes. Aspects of evolution and diversification of AQPs (with a focus on plants) are approached for the first time with the aid of the LCA (Last Common Ancestor) analysis. Finally, the main practical applications involving the use of AQPs are discussed, including patents and future perspectives involving this important protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Bezerra-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flávia Czekalski de Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José R C Ferreira-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Manassés D da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flavia F Aburjaile
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tetsu Sakamoto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberta L de Oliveira Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ederson A Kido
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lidiane L Barbosa Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Campus Oeiras, Avenida Projetada, s/n, 64.500-000, Oeiras, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José M Ortega
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana M Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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12
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Šoltésová M, Elicharová H, Srb P, Růžička M, Janisova L, Sychrová H, Lang J. Nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of water transport through the plasma membrane of various yeast species. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5645394. [PMID: 31778539 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific technique of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, filter-exchange spectroscopy (FEXSY), was employed to investigate water transport through the plasma membrane in intact yeast cells. This technique allows water transport to be monitored directly, thus avoiding the necessity to subject the cells to any rapid change in the external conditions, e.g. osmotic shock. We established a sample preparation protocol, a data analysis procedure and verified the applicability of FEXSY experiments. We recorded the exchange rates in the temperature range 10-40°C for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The resulting activation energy of 29 kJ mol-1 supports the hypothesis that water exchange is facilitated by water channels-aquaporins. Furthermore, we measured for the first time water exchange rates in three other phylogenetically unrelated yeast species (Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) and observed remarkably different water exchange rates between these species. Findings of our work contribute to a better understanding of as fundamental a cell process as the control of water transport through the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Šoltésová
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Elicharová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Srb
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Růžička
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Larisa Janisova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lang
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Bahadur A, Batool A, Nasir F, Jiang S, Mingsen Q, Zhang Q, Pan J, Liu Y, Feng H. Mechanistic Insights into Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Mediated Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4199. [PMID: 31461957 PMCID: PMC6747277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic interaction with 80% of known land plants. It has a pronounced impact on plant growth, water absorption, mineral nutrition, and protection from abiotic stresses. Plants are very dynamic systems having great adaptability under continuously changing drying conditions. In this regard, the function of AMF as a biological tool for improving plant drought stress tolerance and phenotypic plasticity, in terms of establishing mutualistic associations, seems an innovative approach towards sustainable agriculture. However, a better understanding of these complex interconnected signaling pathways and AMF-mediated mechanisms that regulate the drought tolerance in plants will enhance its potential application as an innovative approach in environmentally friendly agriculture. This paper reviews the underlying mechanisms that are confidently linked with plant-AMF interaction in alleviating drought stress, constructing emphasis on phytohormones and signaling molecules and their interaction with biochemical, and physiological processes to maintain the homeostasis of nutrient and water cycling and plant growth performance. Likewise, the paper will analyze how the AMF symbiosis helps the plant to overcome the deleterious effects of stress is also evaluated. Finally, we review how interactions between various signaling mechanisms governed by AMF symbiosis modulate different physiological responses to improve drought tolerance. Understanding the AMF-mediated mechanisms that are important for regulating the establishment of the mycorrhizal association and the plant protective responses towards unfavorable conditions will open new approaches to exploit AMF as a bioprotective tool against drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bahadur
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Asfa Batool
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fahad Nasir
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shengjin Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qin Mingsen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianbin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huyuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Guerrero-Galán C, Calvo-Polanco M, Zimmermann SD. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis helps plants to challenge salt stress conditions. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:291-301. [PMID: 31011805 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an environmental condition that is currently increasing worldwide. Plant growth under salinity induces osmotic stress and ion toxicity impairing root water and nutrient absorption, but the association with beneficial soil microorganisms has been linked to an improved adaptation to this constraint. The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis has been proposed as a key factor for a better tolerance of woody species to salt stress, thanks to the reduction of sodium (Na+) uptake towards photosynthetic organs. Although no precise mechanisms for this enhanced plant salt tolerance have been described yet, in this review, we summarize the knowledge accumulated so far on the role of ECM symbiosis. Moreover, we propose several strategies by which ECM fungi might help plants, including restriction of Na+ entrance into plant tissues and improvement of mineral nutrition and water balances. This positive effect of ECM fungi has been proven in field assays and the results obtained point to a promising application in forestry cultures and reforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Guerrero-Galán
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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15
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Nehls U, Plassard C. Nitrogen and phosphate metabolism in ectomycorrhizas. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1047-1058. [PMID: 29888395 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
1047 I. Introduction 1047 II. Mobilization of soil N/P by ECM fungi 1048 III. N/P uptake 1048 IV. N/P assimilation 1049 V. N/P storage and remobilization 1049 VI. Hyphal N/P efflux at the plant-fungus interface 1052 VII. Conclusion and research needs 1054 Acknowledgements 1055 References 1055 SUMMARY: Nutrient homeostasis is essential for fungal cells and thus tightly adapted to the local demand in a mycelium with hyphal specialization. Based on selected ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal models, we outlined current concepts of nitrogen and phosphate nutrition and their limitations, and included knowledge from Baker's yeast when major gaps had to be filled. We covered the entire pathway from nutrient mobilization, import and local storage, distribution within the mycelium and export at the plant-fungus interface. Even when nutrient import and assimilation were broad issues for ECM fungi, we focused mainly on nitrate and organic phosphorus uptake, as other nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) sources have been covered by recent reviews. Vacuolar N/P storage and mobilization represented another focus point of this review. Vacuoles are integrated into cellular homeostasis and central for an ECM mycelium at two locations: soil-growing hyphae and hyphae of the plant-fungus interface. Vacuoles are also involved in long-distance transport. We further discussed potential mechanisms of bidirectional long-distance nutrient transport (distances from millimetres to metres). A final focus of the review was N/P export at the plant-fungus interface, where we compared potential efflux mechanisms and pathways, and discussed their prerequisites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Nehls
- Botany, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Claude Plassard
- Eco & Sols, Université de Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, 34060, France
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MIP diversity from Trichoderma: Structural considerations and transcriptional modulation during mycoparasitic association with Fusarium solani olive trees. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193760. [PMID: 29543834 PMCID: PMC5854309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major intrinsic proteins (MIP) are characterized by a transmembrane pore-type architecture that facilitates transport across biomembranes of water and a variety of low molecular weight solutes. They are found in all parts of life, with remarkable protein diversity. Very little is known about MIP from fungi. And yet, it can legitimately be stated that MIP are pivotal molecular components in the privileged relationships fungi enjoy with plants or soil fauna in various environments. To date, MIP have never been studied in a mycoparasitism situation. In this study, the diversity, expression and functional prediction of MIP from the genus Trichoderma were investigated. Trichoderma spp. genomes have at least seven aquaporin genes. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the translated sequences, members were assigned to the AQP, AQGP and XIP subfamilies. In in vitro and in planta assays with T. harzianum strain Ths97, expression analyses showed that four genes were constitutively expressed. In a mycoparasitic context with Fusarium solani, the causative agent of fusarium dieback on olive tree roots, these genes were up-regulated. This response is of particular interest in analyzing the MIP promoter cis-regulatory motifs, most of which are involved in various carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. Structural analyses provide new insights into the possible role of structural checkpoints by which these members transport water, H2O2, glycerol and, more generally, linear polyols across the membranes. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that MIP may play a key role in Trichoderma mycoparasitism lifestyle.
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17
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Piva RH, Rocha MC, Piva DH, Montedo ORK, Imasato H, Malavazi I, Rodrigues-Filho UP. Combating pathogens with Cs 2.5H 0.5PW 12O 40 nanoparticles: a new proton-regulated antimicrobial agent. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:143-152. [PMID: 32254202 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02763j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of pathogens from contaminated surfaces to patients is one of the main causes of health care-associated infections (HCAIs). Cases of HCAIs due to multidrug-resistant organisms have been growing worldwide, whereas inorganic nano-antimicrobials are valuable today for the prevention and control of HCAIs. Here, we present a cesium salt of phosphotungstic heteropolyacid (Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40) as a promising nanomaterial for use in antimicrobial product technologies. This water-insoluble Keggin salt exhibits a broad biocide spectrum against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi even under dark conditions. The Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 nanoparticles (NPs) act as a proton-regulated antimicrobial whose activity is mediated on the release of hydronium ions (H3O+), yielding an in situ acidic pH several units below those tolerable by most of the fungal and bacterial nosocomial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Honorato Piva
- Grupo de Química de Materiais Híbridos e Inorgânicos, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos - SP, Brazil.
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18
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Sabir F, Loureiro-Dias MC, Soveral G, Prista C. Functional relevance of water and glycerol channels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:3739791. [PMID: 28430948 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the functional relevance of orthodox aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essentially based on phenotypic variations obtained by expression/overexpression/deletion of these major intrinsic proteins in selected strains. These water/glycerol channels are considered crucial during various life-cycle phases, such as sporulation and mating and in some life processes such as rapid freeze-thaw tolerance, osmoregulation and phenomena associated with cell surface. Despite their putative functional roles not only as channels but also as sensors, their underlying mechanisms and their regulation are still poorly understood. In the present review, we summarize and discuss the physiological relevance of S. cerevisiae aquaporins (Aqy1 and Aqy2) and aquaglyceroporins (Fps1 and Yfl054c). In particular, the fact that most S. cerevisiae laboratory strains harbor genes coding for non-functional aquaporins, while wild and industrial strains possess at least one functional aquaporin, suggests that aquaporin activity is required for cell survival under more harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Sabir
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.,Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria C Loureiro-Dias
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Prista
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Sutka M, Amodeo G, Ozu M. Plant and animal aquaporins crosstalk: what can be revealed from distinct perspectives. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:545-562. [PMID: 28871493 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) can be revisited from a distinct and complementary perspective: the outcome from analyzing them from both plant and animal studies. (1) The approach in the study. Diversity found in both kingdoms contrasts with the limited number of crystal structures determined within each group. While the structure of almost half of mammal AQPs was resolved, only a few were resolved in plants. Strikingly, the animal structures resolved are mainly derived from the AQP2-lineage, due to their important roles in water homeostasis regulation in humans. The difference could be attributed to the approach: relevance in animal research is emphasized on pathology and in consequence drug screening that can lead to potential inhibitors, enhancers and/or regulators. By contrast, studies on plants have been mainly focused on the physiological role that AQPs play in growth, development and stress tolerance. (2) The transport capacity. Besides the well-described AQPs with high water transport capacity, large amount of evidence confirms that certain plant AQPs can carry a large list of small solutes. So far, animal AQP list is more restricted. In both kingdoms, there is a great amount of evidence on gas transport, although there is still an unsolved controversy around gas translocation as well as the role of the central pore of the tetramer. (3) More roles than expected. We found it remarkable that the view of AQPs as specific channels has evolved first toward simple transporters to molecules that can experience conformational changes triggered by biochemical and/or mechanical signals, turning them also into signaling components and/or behave as osmosensor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Sutka
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Ozu
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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20
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Functional characterization of an aquaporin from a microsporidium, Nosema bombycis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181703. [PMID: 28749993 PMCID: PMC5531513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms, capable of causing parasitic infections in both vertebrates and invertebrates. During the germination process, there is an increase in the osmotic pressure of microsporidian spores. As part of this study, we cloned a homologous aquaporin gene in Nosema bombycis, and named it Nosema bombycis aquaporin (NbAQP). Sequence analysis revealed that the NbAQP contains an open reading frame with a length of 750 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 249 amino acids. Amino acid sequence homology was greater than 50% that of five aquaporins from other microsporidian species. Indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and immunogold electron microscopy showed NbAQP to be located predominantly in the spore wall of N. bombycis spores. The results of qRT-PCR analysis revealed that NbAQP expression remained high 0 h after inoculation and decreased sharply to 24 h, increased gradually from 2 days and peaked at 6 days. After expression of NbAQP in Xenopus laevis oocytes, it was observed that NbAQP can promote rapid penetration of water into oocytes. The associated permeation rate was 2–3 times that of the water-injected and uninjected oocytes. Antibody blocking experiments showed that the inhibition rate of spore germination was approximately 28% after antibody blocking. The difference in germination rate between the control group and the NbAQP group was significant (P < 0.05). This study shows for the first time that N. bombycis contains functional water channel proteins and provides a platform suitable for further research into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of NbAQP protein expression. Further study of NbAQP and their inhibitors may have significance for prevention of microsporidiosis.
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Meyers GL, Jung KW, Bang S, Kim J, Kim S, Hong J, Cheong E, Kim KH, Bahn YS. The water channel protein aquaporin 1 regulates cellular metabolism and competitive fitness in a global fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 9:268-278. [PMID: 28251810 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an aquaporin protein, Aqp1, in Cryptococcus neoformans, which can lead either saprobic or parasitic lifestyles and causes life-threatening fungal meningitis was identified and characterized. AQP1 expression was rapidly induced (via the HOG pathway) by osmotic or oxidative stress. In spite of such transcriptional regulation, Aqp1 was found to be largely unnecessary for adaptation to diverse environmental stressors, regardless of the presence of the polysaccharide capsule. The latter is shown here to be a key environmental-stress protectant for C. neoformans. Furthermore, Aqp1 was not required for the development and virulence of C. neoformans. Deletion of AQP1 increased hydrophobicity of the cell surface. The comparative metabolic profiling analysis of the aqp1Δ mutant and AQP1-overexpressing strains revealed that deletion of AQP1 significantly increased cellular accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites, whereas overexpression of AQP1 depleted such metabolites, suggesting that this water channel protein performs a critical function in metabolic homeostasis. In line with this result, it was found that the aqp1Δ mutant (which is enriched with diverse metabolites) survived better than the wild type and a complemented strain, indicating that Aqp1 is likely to be involved in competitive fitness of this fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gena Lee Meyers
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Woo Jung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Bang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyeon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooah Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyeon Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Bahn
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The characteristic growth pattern of fungal mycelia as an interconnected network has a major impact on how cellular events operating on a micron scale affect colony behavior at an ecological scale. Network structure is intimately linked to flows of resources across the network that in turn modify the network architecture itself. This complex interplay shapes the incredibly plastic behavior of fungi and allows them to cope with patchy, ephemeral resources, competition, damage, and predation in a manner completely different from multicellular plants or animals. Here, we try to link network structure with impact on resource movement at different scales of organization to understand the benefits and challenges of organisms that grow as connected networks. This inevitably involves an interdisciplinary approach whereby mathematical modeling helps to provide a bridge between information gleaned by traditional cell and molecular techniques or biophysical approaches at a hyphal level, with observations of colony dynamics and behavior at an ecological level.
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Plant Aquaporins and Mycorrhizae: Their Regulation and Involvement in Plant Physiology and Performance. PLANT AQUAPORINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-49395-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Structural features of the aromatic/arginine constriction in the aquaglyceroporin GintAQPF2 are responsible for glycerol impermeability in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Fungal Biol 2016; 121:95-102. [PMID: 28007220 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon transport in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is of fundamental importance. However, the role of glycerol transport in AM symbiosis has not yet been resolved. Glycerol transport across the cell membrane is mediated by aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs), whereas our previous study revealed that it was disfavoured by GintAQPF2, an AQGP from AM fungi (AMF). Here, we analysed the function of two amino acid residues in the aromatic/arginine (ar/R) constriction known as the major selectivity filter in AQGPs. Replacement of phenylalanine-94 (Phe-94) by alanine (Ala) enlarged the diameter of the ar/R constriction and resulted in an increased intracellular glycerol accumulation and thus survival rate of yeast cells at high glycerol levels, while individual or joint replacement of Phe-94 and Ala-234 by tryptophan and glycine induced a closed state of GintAQPF2, suggesting that the potential double gates (Phe94-Phe243 and arginine-249) of the ar/R constriction also likely determined solute permeability. To figure out whether GintAQPF2 functions were relevant to the establishment of AM symbiosis, genomic analyses of four representative fungi with different lifestyles were performed. We found that glycerol facilitators existed in the facultative fungi (the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor and hemibiotrophic pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae), but not in the obligatory fungi (the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis and necrotrophic pathogen Fusarium verticillioides), revealing a conserved pattern of glycerol transport in symbionts and pathogens. Our results suggested that glycerol blocks due to the special structural features of the ar/R constriction in the only AMF AQGP could potentially play a role in the establishment of AM symbiosis.
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Garcia K, Doidy J, Zimmermann SD, Wipf D, Courty PE. Take a Trip Through the Plant and Fungal Transportome of Mycorrhiza. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:937-950. [PMID: 27514454 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soil nutrient acquisition and exchanges through symbiotic plant-fungus interactions in the rhizosphere are key features for the current agricultural and environmental challenges. Improved crop yield and plant mineral nutrition through a fungal symbiont has been widely described. In return, the host plant supplies carbon substrates to its fungal partner. We review here recent progress on molecular players of membrane transport involved in nutritional exchanges between mycorrhizal plants and fungi. We cover the transportome, from the transport proteins involved in sugar fluxes from plants towards fungi, to the uptake from the soil and exchange of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, sulfate, and water. Together, these advances in the comprehension of the mycorrhizal transportome will help in developing the future engineering of new agro-ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Garcia
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joan Doidy
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Sabine D Zimmermann
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, 3 rue Albert Gockel, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Martínez-Villarreal R, Garza-Romero TS, Moreno-Medina VR, Hernández-Delgado S, Mayek-Pérez N. [Biochemical basis of tolerance to osmotic stress in phytopathogenic fungus: The case of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2016; 48:347-357. [PMID: 28341024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is the causative agent of charcoal rot disease which causes significant yield losses in major crops such as maize, sorghum, soybean and common beans in Mexico. This fungus is a facultative parasite which shows broad ability to adapt itself to stressed environments where water deficits and/or high temperature stresses commonly occur. These environmental conditions are common for most cultivable lands throughout Mexico. Here we describe some basic facts related to the etiology and epidemiology of the fungus as well as to the importance of responses to stressed environments, particularly to water deficits, based on morphology and growth traits, as well as on physiology, biochemistry and pathogenicity of fungus M. phaseolina. To conclude, we show some perspectives related to future research into the genus, which emphasize the increasing need to improve the knowledge based on the application of both traditional and biotechnological tools in order to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance to environmental stress which can be extrapolated to other useful organisms to man.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamar S Garza-Romero
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Víctor R Moreno-Medina
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
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Peter M, Kohler A, Ohm RA, Kuo A, Krützmann J, Morin E, Arend M, Barry KW, Binder M, Choi C, Clum A, Copeland A, Grisel N, Haridas S, Kipfer T, LaButti K, Lindquist E, Lipzen A, Maire R, Meier B, Mihaltcheva S, Molinier V, Murat C, Pöggeler S, Quandt CA, Sperisen C, Tritt A, Tisserant E, Crous PW, Henrissat B, Nehls U, Egli S, Spatafora JW, Grigoriev IV, Martin FM. Ectomycorrhizal ecology is imprinted in the genome of the dominant symbiotic fungus Cenococcum geophilum. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12662. [PMID: 27601008 PMCID: PMC5023957 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequently encountered symbiont on tree roots is the ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum, the only mycorrhizal species within the largest fungal class Dothideomycetes, a class known for devastating plant pathogens. Here we show that the symbiotic genomic idiosyncrasies of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes are also present in C. geophilum with symbiosis-induced, taxon-specific genes of unknown function and reduced numbers of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. C. geophilum still holds a significant set of genes in categories known to be involved in pathogenesis and shows an increased genome size due to transposable elements proliferation. Transcript profiling revealed a striking upregulation of membrane transporters, including aquaporin water channels and sugar transporters, and mycorrhiza-induced small secreted proteins (MiSSPs) in ectomycorrhiza compared with free-living mycelium. The frequency with which this symbiont is found on tree roots and its possible role in water and nutrient transport in symbiosis calls for further studies on mechanisms of host and environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Peter
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Annegret Kohler
- INRA, UMR INRA-Université de Lorraine ‘Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Robin A. Ohm
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Kuo
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | | | - Emmanuelle Morin
- INRA, UMR INRA-Université de Lorraine ‘Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Matthias Arend
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kerrie W. Barry
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Manfred Binder
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Choi
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Alicia Clum
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Alex Copeland
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Nadine Grisel
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Tabea Kipfer
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kurt LaButti
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Erika Lindquist
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Renaud Maire
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Meier
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sirma Mihaltcheva
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Virginie Molinier
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Claude Murat
- INRA, UMR INRA-Université de Lorraine ‘Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Stefanie Pöggeler
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - C. Alisha Quandt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Christoph Sperisen
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Tritt
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Emilie Tisserant
- INRA, UMR INRA-Université de Lorraine ‘Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7257, F-13288 Marseille, France
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille University, F-13288 Marseille, France
- INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, F-13288 Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uwe Nehls
- University of Bremen, Botany, Leobenerstr. 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Simon Egli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Joseph W. Spatafora
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Francis M. Martin
- INRA, UMR INRA-Université de Lorraine ‘Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
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Kikuchi Y, Hijikata N, Ohtomo R, Handa Y, Kawaguchi M, Saito K, Masuta C, Ezawa T. Aquaporin-mediated long-distance polyphosphate translocation directed towards the host in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: application of virus-induced gene silencing. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:1202-8. [PMID: 27136716 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi translocate polyphosphate through hyphae over a long distance to deliver to the host. More than three decades ago, suppression of host transpiration was found to decelerate phosphate delivery of the fungal symbiont, leading us to hypothesize that transpiration provides a primary driving force for polyphosphate translocation, probably via creating hyphal water flow in which fungal aquaporin(s) may be involved. The impact of transpiration suppression on polyphosphate translocation through hyphae of Rhizophagus clarus was evaluated. An aquaporin gene expressed in intraradical mycelia was characterized and knocked down by virus-induced gene silencing to investigate the involvement of the gene in polyphosphate translocation. Rhizophagus clarus aquaporin 3 (RcAQP3) that was most highly expressed in intraradical mycelia encodes an aquaglyceroporin responsible for water transport across the plasma membrane. Knockdown of RcAQP3 as well as the suppression of host transpiration decelerated polyphosphate translocation in proportion to the levels of knockdown and suppression, respectively. These results provide the first insight into the mechanism underlying long-distance polyphosphate translocation in mycorrhizal associations at the molecular level, in which host transpiration and the fungal aquaporin play key roles. A hypothetical model of the translocation is proposed for further elucidation of the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Nowaki Hijikata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohtomo
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Sapporo, 062-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Handa
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Chikara Masuta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ezawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
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29
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Xu H, Cooke JEK, Kemppainen M, Pardo AG, Zwiazek JJ. Hydraulic conductivity and aquaporin transcription in roots of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings colonized by Laccaria bicolor. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:441-451. [PMID: 26861480 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi have been reported to increase root hydraulic conductivity (L pr) by altering apoplastic and plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP)-mediated cell-to-cell water transport pathways in associated roots, or to have little effect on root water transport, depending on the interacting species and imposed stresses. In this study, we investigated the water transport properties and PIP transcription in roots of aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings colonized by the wild-type strain of Laccaria bicolor and by strains overexpressing a major fungal water-transporting aquaporin JQ585595. Inoculation of aspen seedlings with L. bicolor resulted in about 30 % colonization rate of root tips, which developed dense mantle and the Hartig net that was restricted in the modified root epidermis. Transcript abundance of the aspen aquaporins PIP1;2, PIP2;1, and PIP2;2 decreased in colonized root tips. Root colonization by JQ585595-overexpressing strains had no significant impact on seedling shoot water potentials, gas exchange, or dry mass; however, it led to further decrease in transcript abundance of PIP1;2 and PIP2;3 and the significantly lower L pr than in non-inoculated roots. These results, taken together with our previous study that showed enhanced root water hydraulics of L. bicolor-colonized white spruce (Picea glauca), suggest that the impact of L. bicolor on root hydraulics varies by the ectomycorrhiza-associated tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Janice E K Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Minna Kemppainen
- Laboratorio de Micología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Argentina
| | - Alejandro G Pardo
- Laboratorio de Micología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Argentina
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E3, Canada.
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30
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Sabir F, Loureiro-Dias MC, Prista C. Comparative analysis of sequences, polymorphisms and topology of yeasts aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow025. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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31
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Turgeman T, Shatil-Cohen A, Moshelion M, Teper-Bamnolker P, Skory CD, Lichter A, Eshel D. The Role of Aquaporins in pH-Dependent Germination of Rhizopus delemar Spores. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150543. [PMID: 26959825 PMCID: PMC4784744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizopus delemar and associated species attack a wide range of fruit and vegetables after harvest. Host nutrients and acidic pH are required for optimal germination of R. delemar, and we studied how this process is triggered. Glucose induced spore swelling in an acidic environment, expressed by an up to 3-fold increase in spore diameter, whereas spore diameter was smaller in a neutral environment. When suspended in an acidic environment, the spores started to float, indicating a change in their density. Treatment of the spores with HgCl2, an aquaporin blocker, prevented floating and inhibited spore swelling and germ-tube emergence, indicating the importance of water uptake at the early stages of germination. Two putative candidate aquaporin-encoding genes-RdAQP1 and RdAQP2-were identified in the R. delemar genome. Both presented the conserved NPA motif and six-transmembrane domain topology. Expressing RdAQP1 and RdAQP2 in Arabidopsis protoplasts increased the cells' osmotic water permeability coefficient (Pf) compared to controls, indicating their role as water channels. A decrease in R. delemar aquaporin activity with increasing external pH suggested pH regulation of these proteins. Substitution of two histidine (His) residues, positioned on two loops facing the outer side of the cell, with alanine eliminated the pH sensing resulting in similar Pf values under acidic and basic conditions. Since hydration is critical for spore switching from the resting to activate state, we suggest that pH regulation of the aquaporins can regulate the initial phase of R. delemar spore germination, followed by germ-tube elongation and host-tissue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tidhar Turgeman
- Department of Postharvest Sciences of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
- Department of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arava Shatil-Cohen
- Department of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Department of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paula Teper-Bamnolker
- Department of Postharvest Sciences of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Christopher D. Skory
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, NTL Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Amnon Lichter
- Department of Postharvest Sciences of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Dani Eshel
- Department of Postharvest Sciences of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
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32
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Xu H, Navarro-Ródenas A, Cooke JEK, Zwiazek JJ. Transcript profiling of aquaporins during basidiocarp development in Laccaria bicolor ectomycorrhizal with Picea glauca. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:19-31. [PMID: 25957233 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sporocarp formation is part of the reproductive stage in the life cycle of many mycorrhizal macrofungi. Sporocarp formation is accompanied by a transcriptomic switch and profound changes in regulation of the gene families that play crucial roles in the sporocarp initiation and maturation. Since sporocarp growth requires efficient water delivery, in the present study, we investigated changes in transcript abundance of six fungal aquaporin genes that could be cloned from the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor strain UAMH8232, during the initiation and development of its basidiocarp. Aquaporins are intrinsic membrane proteins facilitating the transmembrane transport of water and other small neutral molecules. In controlled-environment experiments, we induced basidiocarp formation in L. bicolor, which formed ectomycorrhizal associations with white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings. We profiled transcript abundance corresponding to six fungal aquaporin genes at six different developmental stages of basidiocarp growth and development. We also compared physiological parameters of non-inoculated to mycorrhizal seedlings with and without the presence of basidiocarps. Two L. bicolor aquaporins--JQ585592, a functional channel for CO2, NO and H2O2, and JQ585595, a functional water channel--showed the greatest degree of upregulation during development of the basidiocarp. Our findings point to the importance of aquaporin-mediated transmembrane water and CO2 transport during distinct stages of basidiocarp development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E3
| | | | - Janice E K Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E3.
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Sabir F, Prista C, Madeira A, Moura T, Loureiro-Dias MC, Soveral G. Water Transport in Yeasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 892:107-124. [PMID: 26721272 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25304-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Water moves across membranes through the lipid bilayer and through aquaporins, in this case in a regulated manner. Aquaporins belong to the MIP superfamily and two subfamilies are represented in yeasts: orthodox aquaporins considered to be specific water channels and aquaglyceroporins (heterodox aquaporins). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, four aquaporin isoforms were identified, two of which are genetically close to orthodox aquaporins (ScAqy1 and ScAqy2) and the other two are more closely related to the aquaglyceroporins (ScFps1 and ScAqy3). Advances in the establishment of water channels structure are reviewed in this chapter in relation with the mechanisms of selectivity, conductance and gating. Aquaporins are important for key aspects of yeast physiology. They have been shown to be involved in sporulation, rapid freeze-thaw tolerance, osmo-sensitivity, and modulation of cell surface properties and colony morphology, although the underlying exact mechanisms are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Sabir
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Prista
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Madeira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Moura
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Loureiro-Dias
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
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Redistribution of soil water by a saprotrophic fungus enhances carbon mineralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14647-51. [PMID: 26554004 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514435112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The desiccation of upper soil horizons is a common phenomenon, leading to a decrease in soil microbial activity and mineralization. Recent studies have shown that fungal communities and fungal-based food webs are less sensitive and better adapted to soil desiccation than bacterial-based food webs. One reason for a better fungal adaptation to soil desiccation may be hydraulic redistribution of water by mycelia networks. Here we show that a saprotrophic fungus (Agaricus bisporus) redistributes water from moist (-0.03 MPa) into dry (-9.5 MPa) soil at about 0.3 cm ⋅ min(-1) in single hyphae, resulting in an increase in soil water potential after 72 h. The increase in soil moisture by hydraulic redistribution significantly enhanced carbon mineralization by 2,800% and enzymatic activity by 250-350% in the previously dry soil compartment within 168 h. Our results demonstrate that hydraulic redistribution can partly compensate water deficiency if water is available in other zones of the mycelia network. Hydraulic redistribution is likely one of the mechanisms behind higher drought resistance of soil fungi compared with bacteria. Moreover, hydraulic redistribution by saprotrophic fungi is an underrated pathway of water transport in soils and may lead to a transfer of water to zones of high fungal activity.
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35
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Navarro-RóDenas A, Xu H, Kemppainen M, Pardo AG, Zwiazek JJ. Laccaria bicolor aquaporin LbAQP1 is required for Hartig net development in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2475-86. [PMID: 25857333 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of ectomycorrhizal associations is crucial for growth of many forest trees. However, the signals that are exchanged between the fungus and the host plant during the colonization process are still poorly understood. In this study, we have identified the relationship between expression patterns of Laccaria bicolor aquaporin LbAQP1 and the development of ectomycorrhizal structures in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings. The peak expression of LbAQP1 was 700-fold higher in the hyphae within the root than in the free-living mycelium after 24 h of direct interaction with the roots. Moreover, in LbAQP1 knock-down strains, a non-mycorrhizal phenotype was developed without the Hartig net and the expression of the mycorrhizal effector protein MiSSP7 quickly declined after an initial peak on day 5 of interaction of the fungal hyphae with the roots. The increase in the expression of LbAQP1 required a direct contact of the fungus with the root and it modulated the expression of MiSSP7. We have also determined that LbAQP1 facilitated NO, H2 O2 and CO2 transport when heterologously expressed in yeast. The report demonstrates that the L. bicolor aquaporin LbAQP1 acts as a molecular signalling channel, which is fundamental for the development of Hartig net in root tips of P. tremuloides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Minna Kemppainen
- Laboratorio de Micología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Alejandro G Pardo
- Laboratorio de Micología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
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36
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Aspergillus glaucus Aquaglyceroporin Gene glpF Confers High Osmosis Tolerance in Heterologous Organisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26209670 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02127-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins (GlpFs) that transport glycerol along with water and other uncharged solutes are involved in osmoregulation in myriad species. Fungal species form a large group of eukaryotic organisms, and their GlpFs may be diverse, exhibiting various activities. However, few filamentous fungal GlpFs have been biologically investigated. Here, a glpF gene from the halophilic fungus Aspergillus glaucus (AgglpF) was verified to be a channel of water or glycerol in Xenopus laevis oocytes and was further functionally analyzed in three heterologous systems. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cells overexpressing AgglpF possessed significant tolerance of drought, salt, and certain metal ions. AgglpF was then characterized in the filamentous fungus of Neurospora crassa. Based on the N. crassa aquaporin gene (NcAQP) disruption mutant (the Δaqp mutant), a series of complementary strains carrying NcAQP and AgglpF and three asparagine-proline-alanine-gene (NPA)-deleted AgglpF fragments were created. As revealed by salt resistance analysis, the AgglpF complementary strain possessed the highest salt resistance among the tested strains. In addition, the intracellular glycerol content in the AgglpF complementary strain was markedly higher than that in the other strains. The AgGlpF-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was subcellularly localized in the plasma membrane of onion epidermal cells, suggesting that AgglpF functions in plants. Indeed, when AgglpF was expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, transgenic lines survived under conditions of high osmotic stress and under conditions of drought stress in particular. Overall, our results revealed that AgGlpF as a water/glycerol transporter is required for survival of both fungi and plants under conditions of high osmotic stress and may have value in applications in genetic engineering for generating high salt and drought resistance.
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