1
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Samadian Z, Tolouei Azar J, Rezaei Aghdam H, Tofighi A, Razi M. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training in Association with Insulin Promotes Heat Shock Proteins 70 and 90 Expressions in Testicular Tissue of Experimental Type 1 Diabetes. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:708-716. [PMID: 34939765 PMCID: PMC8665982 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective The current research was designed to analyze the effect of moderate-intensity exercise training (MEXT),
solely and simultaneous with insulin, on the network between oxidative stress and Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperones after
experimental type I diabetes (DM) induction in rats.
Materials and Methods In the experimental study, 36 mature Wistar rats were assigned into control and experimental
type I DM-induced groups, and then the diabetic animals were categorized to sedentary type I DM-induced (SDM),
exercise training-sole without DM (E), exercise training DM-induced (EDM), insulin-treated sedentary DM-induced
(ISDM), and exercise training insulin-treated DM-induced (EIDM) groups. After 6 weeks, Johnson’s score was evaluated
to analyze the spermatogenesis ratio.
Results The Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression levels, testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein peroxidation ratio,
testicular DNA fragmentation ratio, and mRNA damage were investigated. The animals in EDM and EIDM groups (solely
and simultaneously) represented a significant (P<0.05) improvement in Johnson’s score, spermatogenesis, and TAC
ratios versus SDM animals. Moreover, the DM-induced DNA and mRNA damage and protein peroxidation ratio were
significantly (P<0.05) recovered in EDM and ISDM groups, which was more remarkable in the EIDM group. The EDM
and EIDM groups exhibited significant (P<0.05) increment in Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression levels versus the control
and SEDT1 animals. However, the EIDM group exhibited no significant changes compared to the control animals.
Conclusion The EX could ameliorate the EDT1-induced detrimental impact by up-regulating Hsp70 and Hsp90
expressions. Meanwhile, it exerts potentially more effective impact, when it is considered simultaneously with insulin
therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadian
- College of Skills and Entrepreneurship, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Tolouei Azar
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamed Rezaei Aghdam
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Molecular and Genetic Division, RASTA Research Center, Urmia, Iran
| | - Asghar Tofighi
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Ferguson L, Giza CC, Serpa RO, Greco T, Robert H, Folkerts M, Prins ML. Sex Differences in Neurophysiological Changes Following Voluntary Exercise in Adolescent Rats. Front Neurol 2021; 12:685822. [PMID: 34367052 PMCID: PMC8339288 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.685822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a period of time characterized by the onset of puberty and is marked by cognitive and social developments and gross physical changes that can play a role in athletic performance. Sex differences are present with differences in body size, height, physiology and behavior which contribute to differences in athletic performance as well. Pre-clinical studies representing this active group are lacking. Methods: Acute and chronic effects of exercise were evaluated. Male and female adolescent rats were given voluntary access to a running wheel for 10 consecutive days. Running behavior (males and females) and estrous cycling (females only) were analyzed daily. A second group was given 10 days of voluntary access to a running wheel, then rested for 10 days to determine the long-term effects of exercise on the adolescent brain. Brain and muscle tissue were harvested at 10 and 20 day time points to understand exercise-dependent changes in mitochondrial activity and neuroplasticity. Animal cohorts were carried out at two different sites: University of California Los Angeles and Pepperdine University. Results: On average, running distance, intensity of run, and length of running bout increased for both male and female rats across the 10 days measured. Females ran significantly further and for longer intervals compared to males. Cortical and muscle expression of PGC1α showed similar levels at 10 days regardless of sex and exercise. There was a significant increase in expression at 20 days in all groups correlating with body size (p's < 0.05). Cortical and hippocampal levels of BDNF were similar across all groups, however, BDNF was significantly higher in exercised females at the acute compared to long-term time point. Discussion: Adolescent rats allowed 10 days of exercise show changes in physiologic function. There are sex differences in running behavior not impacted by sex hormones. These results are important to further our understanding of how exercise impacts the adolescent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher C Giza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rebecka O Serpa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tiffany Greco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hannah Robert
- Department of Psychology, Seaver College, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Michael Folkerts
- Department of Psychology, Seaver College, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Mayumi L Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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3
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Inagaki Y, Sato R, Uchiyama T, Kojima S, Morishita S, Qin W, Tsubaki A. Sex Differences in the Oxygenation of the Left and Right Prefrontal Cortex during Moderate-Intensity Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105212. [PMID: 34068936 PMCID: PMC8157032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Differences in cognitive performance with exercise between men and women have previously been reported. In this study, we evaluated between-sex differences in oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (AE), which could contribute to noted differences in cognitive function. METHOD The subjects were ten men (age, 21.5 ± 0.5 years; height, 171.7 ± 4.8 cm; weight, 65.6 ± 5.6 kg) and ten women (age, 21.4 ± 0.5 years; height, 157.6 ± 4.9 cm; weight, 51.3 ± 6.5 kg). They completed our AE protocol, consisting of a 30-min leg-ergometer cycling at an intensity of 50% peak oxygen uptake, with an initial 4-min rest period for baseline measurement. Measures of the dynamics of cerebral oxygenation included: oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) in the left and right PFC (LR-PFC) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb). The 30-min exercise period was subdivided into six 5-min phases, with the average and peak values determined in each phase. RESULTS A significant interaction was found between LR-PFC HHb and sex (p < 0.001), with significantly higher values in men than in women in phases 3-6 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We report a significant sex effect of HHb in the LR-PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Inagaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (R.S.); (T.U.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (A.T.)
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe-city 650-0047, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Reo Sato
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (R.S.); (T.U.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Takashi Uchiyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (R.S.); (T.U.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Sho Kojima
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (R.S.); (T.U.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Shinichiro Morishita
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (R.S.); (T.U.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan;
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Weixiang Qin
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan;
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Tsubaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (R.S.); (T.U.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan;
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
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4
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Griffin JS, Dent SC, Berger SM. Pathways linking activity, adiposity, and inflammation to bone mineral density in women and men from NHANES 2007 to 2010. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 33:e23583. [PMID: 33645876 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age, sedentary activity, central adiposity, and inflammation have all been independently associated with bone mineral density (BMD). We assessed how the effects of sedentary activity and central adiposity on BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck change across early to late adulthood and whether these relationships are mediated by inflammation. METHODS We analyzed data from 7135 women and men 20 years of age and older from NHANES 2007 to 2010. Anthropometrics, sedentary activity (min/day), serum CRP (mg/dl), and BMD (gm/cm2 measured by DXA scans) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Data were compared by age and sex groups and through causal mediation analysis. RESULTS The effect of waist circumference on BMD was significantly mediated by serum CRP at both skeletal sites in men and at the femoral neck in women. Sedentary activity did not have a direct relationship to BMD but was mediated by waist circumference in men. Least square means differed significantly by sex and age groups with a general age-related decline in BMD at both skeletal sites. CONCLUSIONS We found that central adiposity, independent of overall body size and composition as measured through BMI, has an inverse relationship with BMD that is mediated by serum CRP. In addition, the negative impact of increased sedentism acted through changes in central adiposity (waist circumference) but only in men. Although low bone density and osteoporosis are often considered degenerative diseases that primarily impact postmenopausal women, our findings show that sedentary activity and central adiposity impact bone density beginning in early adulthood in both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Griffin
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophia C Dent
- Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steph M Berger
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Costa S, Saguner AM, Gasperetti A, Akdis D, Brunckhorst C, Duru F. The Link Between Sex Hormones and Susceptibility to Cardiac Arrhythmias: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:644279. [PMID: 33681311 PMCID: PMC7925388 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.644279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that gender is an independent risk factor for some types of cardiac arrhythmias. For example, males have a greater prevalence of atrial fibrillation and the Brugada Syndrome. In contrast, females are at increased risk for the Long QT Syndrome. However, the underlying mechanisms of these gender differences have not been fully identified. Recently, there has been accumulating evidence indicating that sex hormones may have a significant impact on the cardiac rhythm. In this review, we describe in-depth the molecular interactions between sex hormones and the cardiac ion channels, as well as the clinical implications of these interactions on the cardiac conduction system, in order to understand the link between these hormones and the susceptibility to arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costa
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ardan M Saguner
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Gasperetti
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deniz Akdis
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinna Brunckhorst
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Firat Duru
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Boutari C, Pappas PD, Mintziori G, Nigdelis MP, Athanasiadis L, Goulis DG, Mantzoros CS. The effect of underweight on female and male reproduction. Metabolism 2020; 107:154229. [PMID: 32289345 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic energy deficiency can impair the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and lead to hypothalamic anovulation in underweight women. This review presents the syndromes related to underweight status that are associated with infertility, summarizes the underlying mechanisms, and reviews the available treatment options. Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa (AN), constitute the most common cause of infertility in underweight women, who, in addition, experience miscarriages, and sexual dysfunction. The relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S; former terminology: athlete's triad) involves menstrual dysfunction due to low energy availability, which results in anovulation. Moreover, lipodystrophies, malnutrition, starvation, systematic illnesses (malignancies, endocrinopathies, infectious diseases, advanced chronic diseases, neurologic illnesses), and the utilization of drugs can cause excessive weight loss. They may result in fertility problems due to the loss of adipose tissue and the subsequent hormonal disturbances. Each of these conditions requires multidisciplinary management. Nutritional counseling should target the restoration of energy balance by increasing intake and reducing output. Medical treatment, recommended only for patients who did not respond to standard treatment, may include antipsychotics, antidepressants, or leptin administration. Finally, psychiatric treatment is considered an integral part of the standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Boutari
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Panagiotis D Pappas
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gesthimani Mintziori
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Meletios P Nigdelis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Loukas Athanasiadis
- 3(rd) Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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7
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McGuire A, Warrington G, Doyle L. Low energy availability in male athletes: A systematic review of incidence, associations, and effects. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy McGuire
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science Waterford Institute of Technology Waterford Ireland
| | - Giles Warrington
- Department of Physical Education and Social Sciences University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre Health Research Institute University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
| | - Lorna Doyle
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science Waterford Institute of Technology Waterford Ireland
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8
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Samadian Z, Tofighi A, Razi M, Tolouei Azar J, Ghaderi Pakdel F. Moderate‐intensity exercise training ameliorates the diabetes‐suppressed spermatogenesis and improves sperm parameters: Insole and simultaneous with insulin. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13457. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadian
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport Sciences Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Asghar Tofighi
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport Sciences Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Vetrinary Medicine Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Javad Tolouei Azar
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport Sciences Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Firouz Ghaderi Pakdel
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
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9
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Vaamonde D, Garcia-Manso J, Hackney A. Impact of physical activity and exercise on male reproductive potential: a new assessment questionnaire. REVISTA ANDALUZA DE MEDICINA DEL DEPORTE 2017; 10:79-93. [PMID: 29657603 PMCID: PMC5897111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ramd.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Male athletes in general are subjected to the same causes of infertility as the general population, but sports practice itself may be possibly an additional infertility factor or, at least an aggravating factor for a previously existing fertility condition; on the contrary, being physically active has been hypothesized to favor hormonal and seminological processes and could be beneficial for fertility. In this relationship, the different inherent parameters of physical activity-exercise (training volume, intensity, objective, organization and frequency) are of paramount importance. Therefore, this review discusses both the negative and positive impact of physical exercise on the male reproductive potential. Clear knowledge is lacking on this topic as incongruences exist due to the fact that studies lack standardization in assessment tools or research protocols. So that future studies can reveal more information regarding exercising male fertility, we introduce a unique questionnaire developed with the intent to help standardize future studies on male fertility and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Vaamonde
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- International Network on Physical Exercise and Fertility, Spain
| | - J.M. Garcia-Manso
- International Network on Physical Exercise and Fertility, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Santa María de Guía, Canary Islands 35017, Spain
| | - A.C. Hackney
- International Network on Physical Exercise and Fertility, Spain
- Department of Nutrition-Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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10
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Rossi FE, Gerosa-Neto J, Zanchi NE, Cholewa JM, Lira FS. Impact of Short and Moderate Rest Intervals on the Acute Immunometabolic Response to Exhaustive Strength Exercise: Part I. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:1563-9. [PMID: 26978328 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of the short and moderate intervals of recovery in response to an acute bout of exhaustive strength exercise on performance, inflammatory, and metabolic responses in healthy adults. Eight healthy subjects (age = 24.6 ± 4.1 years) performed 2 randomized sequences: short = 70% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) with 30 seconds of rest between sets; moderate = 70% of 1RM with 90 seconds of rest between sets. All sequences of exercises were performed over 4 sets until movement failure in the squat and bench press exercises, respectively. The total number of repetitions performed was recorded for each set of each exercise for all sequences. The percentages of fat mass and fat-free mass were estimated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Glucose, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and nonester fatty acid were assessed, at baseline, immediately after exercise, after 15 and 30 minutes. When compared with the maximum number of repetitions and the total weight lifted, there was a statistically significant decrease after both intervals. The only statistically significant decreases over time occurred at the post-15 minutes assessment of the IL-6 and glucose when a moderate interval of recovery was performed. When comparing the alterations between the pools (the mean of the cluster of all periods in each variable), there was a statistically significant increase on the IL-6 and IL-10 when a moderate interval of recovery was performed again, however, not considering a statistical difference on the IL-10. Thus, we concluded that different interval of recovery in response to exhaustive strength exercise decreases performance but in only moderate intervals, it is associated with inflammatory and metabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício E Rossi
- 1Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Univer. Paulista State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, Physical Education and Sports School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and 3Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina
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11
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Tartibian B, FitzGerald LZ, Azadpour N, Maleki BH. A randomized controlled study examining the effect of exercise on inflammatory cytokine levels in post-menopausal women. Post Reprod Health 2015; 21:9-15. [PMID: 25710943 DOI: 10.1177/2053369114565708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma levels of inflammatory cytokine are associated with body mass index, percent body fat and increased morbidity. Evidence suggests that higher levels of physical activity result in beneficial anti-inflammatory effects compared to a more sedentary lifestyle. Further, reproductive hormones are associated with inflammaotry cytokines. This study examined the effect of a 16-week low-moderate intensity exercise (EX) programme on reproductive hormones and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy, sedentary post-menopausal women were randomly assigned to EX (n = 14) or control (Con, n = 14) groups. The EX group completed low-moderate intensity treadmill training 25-30 min/day, up to 55% of HRmax, 3-4 days/week, for 16-weeks. Con maintained current physical activity level. Baseline and week-16 serum samples evaluated interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, estradiol, luteinizing hormone and follicular stimulating hormone. RESULTS Post-intervention, the EX group showed a significant decrease in interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, estradiol, follicular stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels compared to baseline values. No significant changes were observed in Con. Significant correlations were observed between IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and reproductive hormones, both before and after the exercise intervention. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that a low-moderate intensity EX programme decreases cytokines in relation to reproductive hormones in post-menopausal women. These findings support the role of EX in reducing inflammatory markers and improved reproductive hormones in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtyar Tartibian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | | | - Behzad Hajizadeh Maleki
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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12
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Prall SP, Muehlenbein MP. Testosterone and Immune Function in Primates: A Brief Summary with Methodological Considerations. INT J PRIMATOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-014-9752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Athletic activity may be associated with alterations in various neuroendocrine axes depending on the state of energy availability. In addition, genetic factors and an underlying predilection for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may predispose some athletes to develop functional hypothalamic amenorrhea earlier than other athletes. In conditions of low energy availability associated with athletic activity, changes that occur in various neuroendocrine axes are primarily adaptive, and aim to either conserve energy for the most essential functions, or allow the body to draw on its reserves to meet energy needs. These hormonal changes, however, then lead to changes in body composition and bone metabolism. Impaired bone accrual in younger athletes and low bone density in older athletes constitutes the major pathologic consequence of neuroendocrine changes associated with low energy availability. The female athlete triad of low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone density is prevalent in certain kinds of sports and activities, particularly endurance sports, gymnastics, and ballet. It is essential to screen for this condition in athletes at every preparticipation physical and during office visits, and to put in place an effective treatment team to manage the triad early, in order to optimize outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Misra
- Pediatric Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Units, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Gonzales GF, Gasco M, Lozada I. Role of maca (Lepidium meyenii) consumption on serum interleukin-6 levels and health status in populations living in the Peruvian Central Andes over 4000 m of altitude. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 68:347-51. [PMID: 23934543 PMCID: PMC3856628 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii (Maca) is a plant that grows at over 4,000 m above sea level in the central Peruvian Andes. The hypocotyls of this plant are traditionally consumed for their nutritional and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to determine the health status based on a health related quality of life (HRQL) questionnaire (SF-20) and serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in subjects that are maca consumers. For this, a cross-sectional study was designed to be performed in 50 subjects from Junin (4,100 m): 27 subjects were maca consumers and 23 were non-consumers. The SF-20 survey is used to obtain a summary measure of health status. The stand up from a chair and sit down (SUCSD) test (to assess lower-extremity function), hemoglobin measurement, blood pressure, sexual hormone levels, serum IL-6 levels and the score of chronic mountain sickness (CMS) were evaluated. Testosterone/estradiol ratio (P <0.05), IL-6 (P < 0.05) and CMS score were lower, whereas the health status score was higher, in maca consumers when compared to non-consumers (P < 0.01). A greater proportion of maca consumers successfully completed the SUCSD test compared to non-consumers (P < 0.01), showing a significant association with lower values of serum IL-6 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, consumption of maca was associated with low serum IL-6 levels and in turn with better health status scores in the SF-20 survey and low chronic mountain sickness scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F. Gonzales
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel Gasco
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ivan Lozada
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
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Grasso D, Corsetti R, Lanteri P, Di Bernardo C, Colombini A, Graziani R, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Bone-muscle unit activity, salivary steroid hormones profile, and physical effort over a 3-week stage race. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 25:70-80. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Grasso
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi; Milano Italy
| | - R. Corsetti
- Medical Board Liquigas-Cannondale Pro-tour Cycling Team; Sesto al Reghena Italy
| | - P. Lanteri
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi; Milano Italy
| | - C. Di Bernardo
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi; Milano Italy
| | - A. Colombini
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi; Milano Italy
| | - R. Graziani
- Centro Diagnostico Alto-Lombardo - CEDAL; Gallarate Italy
| | - G. Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi; Milano Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - G. Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi; Milano Italy
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