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Sun Q, Xu H, An T, Cai X, Tian Z, Zhang H. Recent Progress in Studies of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 in China. Viruses 2023; 15:1528. [PMID: 37515213 PMCID: PMC10384046 DOI: 10.3390/v15071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high incidence of PRRSV mutation and recombination, PRRSV infection is difficult to prevent and control in China and worldwide. Two species of PRRSV, Betaarterivirus suid 1 (PRRSV-1) and Betaarterivirus suid 2 (PRRSV-2), exist in China, and PRRSV-1 has always received less attention in China. However, the number of PRRSV-1 strains detected in China has increased recently. To date, PRRSV-1 has spread to more than 23 regions in China. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of ORF5 and the whole genome of PRRSV-1, Chinese PRRSV-1 can be divided into at least seven independent subgroups. Among them, BJEU06-1-like has become the mainstream subgroup in some regions of China. This subgroup of strains has a 5-aa (4 + 1) characteristic discontinuous deletion pattern at aa 357~aa 360 and aa 411 in Nsp2. Previous studies have indicated that the pathogenicity of PRRSV-1 in China is mild, but recent studies found that the pathogenicity of PRRSV-1 was enhanced in China. Therefore, the emergence of PRRSV-1 deserves attention, and the prevention and control of PRRSV-1 infection in China should be strengthened. PRRSV infection is usually prevented and controlled by a combination of virus monitoring, biosafety restrictions, herd management measures and vaccination. However, the use of PRRSV-1 vaccines is currently banned in China. Thus, we should strengthen the monitoring of PRRSV-1 and the biosafety management of pig herds in China. In this review, we summarize the prevalence of PRRSV-1 in China and clarify the genomic characteristics, pathogenicity, vaccine status, and prevention and control management system of PRRSV-1 in China. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to provide a basis for further development of prevention and control measures for PRRSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150001, China
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Xu H, Gong B, Sun Q, Li C, Zhao J, Xiang L, Li W, Guo Z, Tang YD, Leng C, Li Z, Wang Q, Zhou G, An T, Cai X, Tian ZJ, Peng J, Zhang H. Genomic Characterization and Pathogenicity of BJEU06-1-Like PRRSV-1 ZD-1 Isolated in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/6793604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 and PRRSV-2 have long been cocirculating in China. To date, all PRRSV-1 strains in China have been classified as subtype 1. We investigated the prevalence of PRRSV-1 in several areas of China from 2016 to 2022 and found that BJEU06-1-like strains comprised the main epidemic branch of PRRSV-1. Pathogenicity data for this subgroup are currently lacking. In this study, the Chinese BJEU06-1-like PRRSV-1 strain ZD-1 was isolated from primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs). ZD-1 has undergone no recombination and has a 5-aa discontinuous deletion in the Nsp2 protein, similar to other BJEU06-1-like strains; additionally, ZD-1 has a 26 aa C-terminal truncation in the GP3 gene. Pathogenicity studies revealed that ZD-1 causes obvious clinical symptoms: prolonged fever; reduced body weight; alveolar epithelial proliferation and moderate alveolar diaphragm widening in the lungs; diffuse lymphocytic hyperplasia in the lymph nodes; high levels of viremia in the serum; and elevated viral loads in the lungs, lymph nodes, and tonsils. These results suggested that the BJEU06-1-like PRRSV-1 strain ZD-1 is moderately pathogenic to piglets. This is the first study to evaluate the pathogenicity of the BJEU06-1-like branch in China, enriching the understanding of PRRSV-1 in China.
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Optimized protocol for double vaccine immunization against classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:14. [PMID: 36658569 PMCID: PMC9850545 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome have seriously affected the development of the swine breeding industry in China. Vaccine immunization remains the main way to prevent these infections. The aim of this study was to establish an optimized protocol for vaccine immunization against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). METHODS Blood samples were collected from the anterior vena cava of pigs after immunization, and blood indices, secreted levels of specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies associated with humoral immunity, the proliferation capacity of T lymphocytes as a measure of cellular immunity, and secreted levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined. RESULTS The results showed that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV infections induced strong and specific humoral and T-cellular immune responses, high levels of cytokine IFN-γ secretion and delayed secretion of cytokine TNF-α. Moreover, significantly higher lymphocyte percentages and red blood cell and leukocyte counts were found in the group simultaneously immunized against CSFV and PRRSV. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in hemoglobin values, neutrophil counts, and median cell percentages among the S + PRRS, PRRS-S, and S-PRRS groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV had the advantages of inducing a rapid, enhanced, and long-lasting immune response. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a reasonable and optimized vaccine immunization protocol against CSFV and PRRSV in combination with a variety of other vaccine inoculations.
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Li C, Xu H, Zhao J, Gong B, Sun Q, Xiang L, Li W, Guo Z, Li J, Tang YD, Leng C, Peng J, Wang Q, An T, Cai X, Tian ZJ, Zhou G, Zhang H. Epidemiological investigation and genetic evolutionary analysis of PRRSV-1 on a pig farm in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1067173. [PMID: 36532471 PMCID: PMC9751794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1067173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has brought serious economic losses to pig industry. PRRSV-1 have existed in China for more than 25 years. The prevalence and features of PRRSV-1 on Chinese farms are unclear. We continuously monitored PRRSV in a pig farm with strict biosafety measures in Henan Province, China, in 2020. The results showed that multiple types of PRRSV coexisted on this single pig farm. PRRSV-1 was one of the main circulating strains on the farm and was responsible for infections throughout nearly the entire epidemic cycle. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PRRSV-1 isolates from this pig farm formed an independent branch, with all isolates belonging to BJEU06-1-like PRRSV. The analysis of selection pressure on ORF5 on this branch identified 5 amino acids as positive selection sites, indicating that PRRSV-1 had undergone adaptive evolution on this farm. According to the analysis of ORF5 of PRRSV-1 on this farm, the evolutionary rate of the BJEU06-1-like branch was estimated to be 1.01 × 10-2 substitutions/site/year. To further understand the genome-wide characteristics of PRRSV-1 on this pig farm, two full-length PRRSV-1 genomes representative of pig farms were obtained. The results of amino acid alignment revealed that although one NSP2 deletion was consistent with BJEU06-1, different new features were found in ORF3 and ORF4. According to the above results, PRRSV-1 has undergone considerable evolution in China. This study is the first to report the prevalence and characteristics of PRRSV-1 on a large farm in mainland China, which will provide a reference for the identification and further prevention and control of PRRSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bangjun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lirun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoliang Leng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jinmei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Zhao J, Xu Z, Xu T, Zhou Y, Li J, Deng H, Li F, Xu L, Sun X, Zhu L. Molecular Characterization of the Nsp2 and ORF5s of PRRSV Strains in Sichuan China during 2012-2020. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233309. [PMID: 36496830 PMCID: PMC9736255 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen that poses a serious threat to the global pig industry. Sichuan Province is one of the largest pig breeding provinces in China. There is a lack of reports on the continuous surveillance and systematic analysis of prevalent strains of PRRSV in Sichuan Province in recent years. To fill this gap, a total of 539 samples were collected from 13 breeding regions in Sichuan during 2012-2020. The detection result showed that the positive rate of PRRSV was 52.32% (282/539). The ORF5s and Nsp2 were obtained and further analyzed, with Chinese reference strains downloaded from the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PRRSV strains sequenced in this study belonged to PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 (lineage 1, 3, 5 and 8). In total, 168 PRRSV-2 strains were selected for ORF5 analyses, and these strains were classified into sub-lineage 8.7 (HP-PRRSV), sub-lineage 5.1 (classical PRRSV), sub-lineage 1.8 (NADC30-like), sub-lineage 1.5 (NADC34-like) and sub-lineage 3.5 (QYYZ-like), accounting for 60.71% (102/168), 11.31% (19/168), 18.45% (31/168), 2.97% (5/168) and 6.55% (11/168) of the total analyzed strains, respectively. The Nsp2 of identified PRRSV strains exhibited a nucleotide identity of 44.5-100%, and an amino acid identity of 46.82-100%. The ORF5 of the identified PRRSV strains exhibited a nucleotide identity of 81.3-100%, and an amino acid identity of 78.5-100%. A sequence analysis of ORF5 revealed that the mutation sites of GP5 were mainly concentrated in HVR1 and HVR2 and the virulence sites. In summary, the HP-PRRSV, NADC30-like PRRSV, Classic-PRRSV, QYYZ-like PRRSV, NADC34-like PRRSV and PRRSV-1 strains exist simultaneously in pigs in Sichuan. NADC30-like PRRSV was gradually becoming the most prevalent genotype currently in Sichuan province. This study suggested that PRRSV strains in Sichuan were undergoing genomic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Chia Tai Animal Husbandry Investment (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 101301, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610058, China
| | - Jiangling Li
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610058, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fengqing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615012, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Sun Q, Xu H, Li C, Gong B, Li Z, Tian ZJ, Zhang H. Emergence of a novel PRRSV-1 strain in mainland China: A recombinant strain derived from the two commercial modified live viruses Amervac and DV. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:974743. [PMID: 36157177 PMCID: PMC9505512 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.974743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV-1) is one of the main pathogens causing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). In recent years, the rate of PRRSV-1 detection in China has gradually increased, and the PRRSV-1 strains reported in China belong to subtype I (Global; Clade A-L). In the present study, a novel PRRSV-1 strain, TZJ2134, was found during epidemiological surveillance of PRRSV-1 in Shandong Province in China. We obtained two fragments of the TZJ2134 genome: TZJ2134-L12 (located at nt 1672-nt 2112 in the partial Nsp2 gene) and TZJ2134-(A+B) (located at nt 7463-nt 11272 in the partial Nsp9, complete Nsp10 and partial Nsp11 genes). Phylogenetic and recombination analyses based on the two sequences showed that TZJ2134 is a recombinant strain derived from two commercial PRRSV-1 modified live vaccine (MLV) strains (the Amervac vaccine and DV vaccine strains) that formed a new recombinant subgroup of DV+Amervac-like isolates with other strains. However, PRRSV-1 MLV is not currently allowed for use in China. This study is the first to detected recombinant PRRSV-1 MLV strain in China and provides new data for the epidemiological study of PRRSV-1 in China. The existence of the TZJ2134 strain is a reminder that the swine surveillance at the Chinese customs should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bangjun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Pingdingshan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hongliang Zhang
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Genomic Analysis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 Revealed Extensive Recombination and Potential Introduction Events in China. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090450. [PMID: 36136666 PMCID: PMC9505194 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, is considered one of the most devastating swine diseases worldwide. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 was first isolated in China in 2006, and there have been few reports concerning its genetic characteristics in China. We hope to find out the regularity of genetic diversity, recombination, and evolution of the virus by analyzing all available genomic sequences during 1991–2018. We found that high-frequency recombination regions were concentrated in non-structural protein 2 and structural proteins 2 to 4 and extensive deletions in non-structural protein 2; phylogenetic analysis revealed four independent introductions in China. Our results suggest that attention should be paid to the prevention and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 and the rational use of vaccine strains. These results will help us to understand the recombination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and strengthen viral inspection before mixing herds of swine to reduce the probability of novel recombinant variants. Moreover, our study might form the basis of monitoring and control measures to prevent the spread of this economically important virus. Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), is considered one of the most devastating swine diseases worldwide. PRRSV-1 was first isolated in China in 2006. However, there were few reports concerning the genetic characteristics of PRRSV-1 in China. In this study, three PRRSV-1 strains (HL85, HeB3, and HeB47) were detected by a general RT-qPCR method from clinical samples in 2018. HeB47 was identified as a recombinant between the BJEU06-1 and CReSA228-like strains. To further analyze the recombination and deletion features of PRRSV-1, all the available 88 complete genome sequences (isolated in 19 countries) from 1991 to 2018 in GenBank were analyzed. The high-frequency recombination regions were concentrated in NSP2 and GP2 to GP4. More importantly, phylogenetic analysis of PRRSV-1 revealed four independent introductions in China. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the important monitoring of breeding pigs and pork products and epidemiological surveys on pig farms to prevent the further spread of PRRSV-1.
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Zhao J, Zhu L, Deng H, Li F, Xu L, Sun X, Yin W, Kuang S, Li S, Zhou Y, Xu Z. Genetic characterization of a novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type I strain from southwest China. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1769-1773. [PMID: 33761009 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically devastating viral diseases in the global pig industry. Recently, we isolated and plaque-purified porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain SC2020-1 from "aborted piglets" on a farm in Sichuan, China. To investigate the molecular biological characteristics of this strain, it was subjected to genome sequencing and analysis. The full-length genome sequence of strain SC2020-1 was 87.7% identical to that of the Lelystad strain (PRRSV type I protoype strain) and 82.2-84.8% identical to PRRSV type I isolates from China. NSP2, ORF3, and ORF4 were the most variable regions and contained discontinuous deletions or insertions when compared to other PRRSV type I strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome sequence showed that SC2020-1 clustered with PRRSV type I but outside of the three previously described branches (Lelystad virus-like, Amervac PRRS-like, and BJEU06-1-like). The Nsp2 gene was in the same branch with EUGDHD strains from China. This is the first report of PRRSV type I infection associated with abortion in sows in southwest China. Close attention should be paid to the prevention and control of this evolving virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key , Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengqing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqi Yin
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyao Kuang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China. .,Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China. .,Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animtech Bioengineering Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China. .,Key , Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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Chen N, Li X, Xiao Y, Li S, Zhu J. Characterization of four types of MLV-derived porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses isolated in unvaccinated pigs from 2016 to 2020. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:102-111. [PMID: 33360570 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Modified live vaccines (MLVs) have been utilized to combat porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which raises a serious concern about the MLV-derived PRRS virus (PRRSV) isolates. During the routine investigation of PRRSV in China, four lung samples collected from unvaccinated diseased pigs from 2016 to 2020 were detected as PRRSV positive. The PRRSVs shared high ORF5 identities to CH-1R, JXA1-R, TJM-F92 and RespPRRS MLV vaccines, respectively. The viruses were isolated in Marc-145 cells and denominated as SD1612-1, JS1703-21, JSTZ1907-714 and JSYC20-05-1. Genome comparison confirmed that these isolates share the highest genomic homologies to CH-1R (97.96%), JXA1-R (99.64%), TJM-F92 (99.00%) and RespPRRS MLV (99.57%) than any other known isolates. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis showed that SD1612-1 and CH-1R, JS1703-21 and JXA1-R, JSTZ1907-714 and TJM-F92, JSYC20-05-1 and RespPRRS MLV were grouped in the same branches. In addition, amino acids unique to corresponding vaccine attenuations were also identified in our isolates. Noticeably, amino-acids potentially associated with the virulence revision from MLV strains to parental virulent viruses were also identified in the MLV-derived isolates. Our results confirm that the four types of MLV-derived isolates are circulating and evolving in Chinese swine herds for years, which highlights the necessity for the fair use of PRRS MLVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Xinshuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Yanzhao Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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Chen N, Li S, Li X, Ye M, Xiao Y, Yan X, Li X, Zhu J. The infectious cDNA clone of commercial HP-PRRS JXA1-R-attenuated vaccine can be a potential effective live vaccine vector. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1820-1827. [PMID: 32304348 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) modified live vaccines are currently utilized in Chinese swine herds due to the limited cross-protection of vaccines and coexistence of different PRRS viruses. In this study, an infectious cDNA clone of the highly pathogenic PRRS (HP-PRRS) vaccine JXA1-R strain was generated. We successfully rescued the virus from direct in vitro DNA transfection of rJXA1-R clone, which has similar growth kinetics to the parental JXA1-R virus in Marc-145 cells. To further evaluate the potential use of the cloned rJXA1-R virus as a live vector for foreign gene expression, the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was inserted between non-structural and structural genes. Our results showed that the dynamic expression of EGFP can be visualized by live cell imaging system during the infection in Marc-145 cells. The availability of our cloned JXA1-R viruses provides a crucial platform to study the fundamental biology of HP-PRRS virus vaccine and also serves as a potential effective vector for developing live vector vaccines against swine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetically Engineered Veterinary Vaccines, Qindao, P.R. China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinshuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mengxue Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhao Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, P.R. China
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11
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Chen N, Xiao Y, Ye M, Li X, Li S, Xie N, Wei Y, Wang J, Zhu J. High genetic diversity of Chinese porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses from 2016 to 2019. Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:38-42. [PMID: 32289611 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High genetic diversity and limited cross-protection are two major reasons for ineffective control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. Therefore, it's important to dynamically monitor the prevalence of PRRSV for adopting appropriate control strategy. In this study, we analyzed PRRSV infection by detecting 712 clinical samples collected from 2016 to 2019 in China. Totally 100 samples were detected as PRRSV positive, including 2 and 98 samples were infected with PRRSV1 and PRRSV2, respectively. In addition, two out of the 98 PRRSV2 positive samples were co-infected with two distinct viruses. ORF5-based phylogenetic analysis showed that JXA1-like HP-PRRSV2 (lineage 8) and NADC30-like PRRSV2 (lineage 1) isolates are currently predominant, but QYYZ-like PRRSV2, CH-1a-like PRRSV2 and PRRSV1 isolates also co-exist in Chinese swine herds. In addition, two commercial MLV-derived viruses (TJM-F92-like and JXA1-R-like) were frequently detected. GP5 alignment also detected insertion and deletion in the extravirion domain. Our study presents the up-to-date PRRSV infection status and highlights the high genetic diversity of PRRSV currently circulating in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
| | - Yanzhao Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Mengxue Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Xinshuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Ningjun Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Yue Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
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12
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Genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 in the United States of America from 2010 to 2018. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108486. [PMID: 31767088 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV-1) was first detected in the United States of America (USA) in 1999, several strains were also recognized soon later, and these isolates are typically called North American (NA) PRRSV-1. However, few reports have characterized PRRSV-1 viruses in the USA. We explored the genetic characteristics and diversity of PRRSV-1 viruses circulating in the USA. PRRSV-1 PCR-positive samples collected from seven states in 2010-2018 (n = 27) were subjected to next-generation sequencing. The 27 PRRSV-1 viruses had 88.4-91.3% nucleotide identity to the PRRSV-1 Lelystad-virus strain (the type 1 prototype strain) and 87.4-89.8% to the previously reported NA PRRSV-1 viruses. Individual proteins had several unique genetic characteristics and only one of the 27 tested samples had the characteristic 17-amino acid (aa) deletion in Nsp2, a genetic marker of NA PRRSV-1 viruses described previously. Fourteen isolates displayed a 3-aa C-terminal truncation in the highly conserved Nsp12 gene; 16 samples had a 21- or 18-aa C-terminal truncation in GP3 gene; and one was observed with a 1-aa deletion at the overlapping region of GP3 and GP4. In addition, the GP5 protein in most isolates, excluding one exception, demonstrated similar genetic variation as other reported NA PRRSV-1 isolates. All tested isolates clustered within subtype 1 together with other available NA PRRSV-1 viruses. Collectively, our results provide up-to-date information on PRRSV-1 viruses circulating in the USA in the past 9 years although the number of PRRSV-1 isolates included in this study is limited. These PRRSV-1 viruses have undergone gradual genetic variation and exhibited some previously undescribed genetic characteristics and diversity, which complicates the diagnosis and control of NA PRRSV-1.
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13
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Chen N, Ye M, Xiao Y, Li S, Huang Y, Li X, Tian K, Zhu J. Development of universal and quadruplex real-time RT-PCR assays for simultaneous detection and differentiation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2271-2278. [PMID: 31233656 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV1) and 2 (PRRSV2) (including 3 major subtypes: classical (CA-PRRSV2), highly pathogenic (HP-PRRSV2) and NADC30-like (NL-PRRSV2)) are currently coexisting in Chinese swine herds but with distinct virulence. Reliable detection and differentiation assays are crucial to monitor the prevalence of PRRSV and to adopt effective control strategies. However, current diagnostic methods cannot simultaneously differentiate the four major groups of PRRSV in China. In this study, universal and quadruplex real-time RT-PCR assays using TaqMan-MGB probes were developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of Chinese PRRSV isolates. The newly developed real-time RT-PCR assays exhibited good specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility. In addition, the newly developed real-time RT-PCR assays were further validated by comparing with a universal PRRSV conventional RT-PCR assay on the detection of 664 clinical samples collected from 2016 to 2019 in China. Based on the clinical performance, the agreements between the universal and quadruplex real-time RT-PCR assays and the conventional RT-PCR assay were 99.55% and 99.40%, respectively. Totally 90 samples were detected as PRRSV-positive, including 2 samples that were determined to be co-infected with NL-PRRSV2 and HP-PRRSV2 isolates by the quadruplex real-time RT-PCR assay. ORF5 sequencing confirmed the real-time RT-PCR results that 2, 6, 27 and 57 of the 92 sequences were PRRSV1, CA-PRRSV2, NL-PRRSV2 and HP-PRRSV2, respectively. This study provides promising alternative tools for simultaneous detection and differentiation of PRRSV circulating in Chinese swine herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengxue Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhao Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, China
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,OIE Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Reference Laboratory, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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14
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Zhai SL, Lin T, Zhou X, Pei ZF, Wei ZZ, Zhang H, Wen XH, Chen QL, Lv DH, Wei WK. Phylogeographic analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 in Guangdong province, Southern China. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2443-2449. [PMID: 29749588 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is considered an important economic pathogen for the international swine industry. At present, both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 have been confirmed to be co-circulating in China. However, there is little available information about the prevalence or distribution of PRRSV-1 in Guangdong province, southern China. In this study, we performed molecular detection of PRRSV-1 in 750 samples collected from 50 farms in 15 major pig farming regions in this province. After RT-PCR testing, 64% (32/50) of farms were confirmed as PRRSV-1-positive. Surprisingly, PRRSV-1 was circulating on at least one pig farm in all 15 regions; of the 750 samples, 186 samples (24.8%) were positive for PRRSV-1. Furthermore, 15 representative PRRSV-1 ORF5 sequences (606 bp) (n = 1 per region) were obtained from those PRRSV-1-positive regions. Sequence alignment analysis indicated that they shared 81.8% ~ 100% nucleotide and 81.2% ~ 100% amino acid similarity with each other. Although all current PRRSV-1 sequences were divided into pandemic subtype 1, most of them had unique glycoprotein-5 amino acid sequences that are significantly different from other known PRRSV-1 isolates. To conclude, the present findings revealed wide geographical distribution of PRRSV-1 in Guangdong province, southern China. This study further extends the epidemiological significance of PRRSV-1 in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, China Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province/Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Fu Pei
- Guangdong Wens Dahuanong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xinxing, China
| | - Zu-Zhang Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, China Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province/Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Ling Chen
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, China Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province/Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, China Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province/Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, China Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province/Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Guo Z, Chen XX, Li R, Qiao S, Zhang G. The prevalent status and genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China: a molecular epidemiological perspective. Virol J 2018; 15:2. [PMID: 29301547 PMCID: PMC5753475 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been epidemic more than 30 years in America and 20 years in China. It is still one of the most important causative agents to the worldwide swine industry. Here, we systematically analyzed the prevalence status of PRRSV in China by a molecular epidemiological perspective. Now both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 are circulating and approximately more than 80% of pig farms are seropositive for PRRSV. For PRRSV-2, there are four lineages (lineage 1, lineage 3, lineage 5, lineage 8) circulating in the fields. Lineage 8 (CH-1a-like) and lineage 5 (BJ-4-like) appeared almost at the same time during 1995-1996. Notably, BJ-4 shares 99.6% and 99.8% identity with VR2332 and RespPRRS MLV, respectively. It means that lineage 5 is likely to be imported from America. Now highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) which was considered to be evolved from local diversity of lineage 8 strains is predominant with different variants. Lineage 3 appeared in 2010 which is mainly sporadic in south of China. Lineage 1, also known as NADC30-like strains in China, has been prevalent since 2013 and leads to PRRS pandemic again. For PRRSV-1, although sporadic at present, more than 9 provinces/regions have been reported. All the circulating strains belong to subtype I. It should be paid more attention since there are no vaccines available. Our analysis would help to deeply understand the prevalent status of PRRSV in China and provide useful information for prevention and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
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16
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Chen X, Zhang Q, Bai J, Zhao Y, Wang X, Wang H, Jiang P. The Nucleocapsid Protein and Nonstructural Protein 10 of Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Enhance CD83 Production via NF-κB and Sp1 Signaling Pathways. J Virol 2017; 91:e00986-17. [PMID: 28659471 PMCID: PMC5571251 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00986-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is a panzootic disease that is one of the most economically costly diseases to the swine industry. A key aspect of PRRSV virulence is that the virus suppresses the innate immune response and induces persistent infection, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The dendritic cell (DC) marker CD83 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is associated with DC activation and immunosuppression of T cell proliferation when expressed as soluble CD83 (sCD83). In this study, we show that PRRSV infection strongly stimulates CD83 expression in porcine monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) and that the nucleocapsid (N) protein and nonstructural protein 10 (nsp10) of PRRSV enhance CD83 promoter activity via the NF-κB and Sp1 signaling pathways. R43A and K44A amino acid substitution mutants of the N protein suppress the N protein-mediated increase of CD83 promoter activity. Similarly, P192-5A and G214-3A mutants of nsp10 (with 5 and 3 alanine substitutions beginning at residues P192 and G214, respectively) abolish the nsp10-mediated induction of the CD83 promoter. Using reverse genetics, four mutant viruses (rR43A, rK44A, rP192-5A, and rG214-3A) and four revertants [rR43A(R), rK44A(R), rP192-5A(R), and rG214-3A(R)] were generated. Decreased induction of CD83 in MoDCs was observed after infection by mutants rR43A, rK44A, rP192-5A, and rG214-3A, in contrast to the results obtained using rR43A(R), rK44A(R), rP192-5A(R), and rG214-3A(R). These findings suggest that PRRSV N and nsp10 play important roles in modulating CD83 signaling and shed light on the mechanism by which PRRSV modulates host immunity.IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically costly pathogens affecting the swine industry. It is unclear how PRRSV inhibits the host's immune response and induces persistent infection. The dendritic cell (DC) marker CD83 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and has previously been associated with DC activation and immunosuppression of T cell proliferation and differentiation when expressed as soluble CD83 (sCD83). In this study, we found that PRRSV infection induces sCD83 expression in porcine MoDCs via the NF-κB and Sp1 signaling pathways. The viral nucleocapsid protein, nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1), and nsp10 were shown to enhance CD83 promoter activity. Amino acids R43 and K44 of the N protein, as well as residues 192 to 196 (P192-5) and 214 to 216 (G214-3) of nsp10, play important roles in CD83 promoter activation. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of immune suppression by PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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17
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Chen N, Liu Q, Qiao M, Deng X, Chen X, Sun M. Whole genome characterization of a novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 isolate: Genetic evidence for recombination between Amervac vaccine and circulating strains in mainland China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 54:308-313. [PMID: 28746838 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Genotype 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV 1) have been continuously isolated in China in recent years. Complete genome sequences of these isolates are important to investigate the prevalence and evolution of Chinese PRRSV 1. Herein, we describe the isolation of a novel PRRSV 1 isolate, denominated HLJB1, in the Heilongjiang province of China. Complete genome sequencing of HLJB1 showed that it shares 90.66% and 58.21% nucleotide identities with PRRSV 1 and 2 prototypic strains Lelystad virus and ATCC VR-2332, respectively. HLJB1 has a unique 5-amino-acid insertion in nsp2, which has never been described in other PRRSV 1 isolates. Whole genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Chinese PRRSV 1 isolates are clustered in pan-European subtype 1 and can be divided into four subgroups. HLJB1 resides in the subgroup of BJEU06-1-like isolates but is also closely related to the Amervac-like isolates. Additionally, recombination analyses suggested that HLJB1 is a recombinant from the Amervac vaccine and the BJEU06-1 isolate. To our best knowledge, our results provide the first genetic evidence for recombination between Amervac vaccine and circulating strains. These findings are also beneficial for studying the origin and evolution of PRRSV 1 in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Qiaorong Liu
- Research and Development Department, Beijing Anheal Laboratories Co. Ltd., Beijing 100094, China
| | - Mingming Qiao
- Research and Development Department, Beijing Anheal Laboratories Co. Ltd., Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Research and Development Department, Beijing Anheal Laboratories Co. Ltd., Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xizhao Chen
- Research and Development Department, Beijing Anheal Laboratories Co. Ltd., Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Research and Development Department, Beijing Anheal Laboratories Co. Ltd., Beijing 100094, China.
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