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Tanács D, Bajtai A, Berkecz R, Forró E, Fülöp F, Lindner W, Péter A, Ilisz I. Cinchona-alkaloid-based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases as potential tools for high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of cationic compounds of pharmaceutical relevance. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2735-2743. [PMID: 33999502 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomers of cationic compounds of pharmaceutical relevance, namely tetrahydro-ß-carboline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs, were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Separations were performed on Cinchona-alkaloid-based zwitterionic ion exchanger type chiral stationary phases applied as cation exchangers using mixtures of methanol and acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran as bulk solvent components containing triethylammonium acetate or ammonium acetate as organic salt additives. On the zwitterionic ZWIX(+) and ZWIX(-) columns investigated, retention and enantioseparation of the studied basic analytes were influenced by the nature and concentration of the organic components of the mobile phase. The effect of organic salt additives on the retention behavior of the studied analytes can be described by the stoichiometric displacement model related to the counterion concentration. Investigations on the structure-retention relationships were performed applying different mobile phase systems for the two types of cationic analytes. For the thermodynamic characterization, parameters such as changes in standard enthalpy (Δ(ΔH°)), entropy (Δ(ΔS°)), and free energy (Δ(ΔG°)) were calculated on the basis of van't Hoff plots derived from the ln α versus 1/T curves. In most cases, enthalpy-driven enantioseparations were observed, with a consistent dependence of the calculated thermodynamic parameters on the mobile phase composition. Elution sequences of the studied compounds were determined in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Tanács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Bajtai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Forró
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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2
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High-performance liquid chromatographic evaluation of strong cation exchanger-based chiral stationary phases focusing on stationary phase characteristics and mobile phase effects employing enantiomers of tetrahydro-ß-carboline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1644:462121. [PMID: 33845425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present results obtained on the enantioseparation of some cationic compounds of pharmaceutical relevance, namely tetrahydro-ß-carboline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs. In high-performance liquid chromatography, chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on strong cation exchanger were employed using mixtures of methanol and acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran as mobile phase systems with organic salt additives. Through the variation of the applied chromatographic conditions, the focus has been placed on the study of retention and enantioselectivity characteristics as well as elution order. Retention behavior of the studied analytes could be described by the stoichiometric displacement model related to the counter-ion effect of ammonium salts as mobile phase additives. For the thermodynamic characterization parameters, such as changes in standard enthalpy Δ(ΔH°), entropy Δ(ΔS°), and free energy Δ(ΔG°), were calculated on the basis of van't Hoff plots derived from the ln α vs. 1/T curves. In all cases, enthalpy-driven enantioseparations were observed with a slight, but consistent dependence of the calculated thermodynamic parameters on the eluent composition. Elution sequences of the studied compounds were determined in all cases. They were found to be opposite on the enantiomeric stationary phases and they were not affected by either the temperature or the eluent composition.
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Enantioseparation of ß-carboline, tetrahydroisoquinoline and benzazepine analogues of pharmaceutical importance: Utilization of chiral stationary phases based on polysaccharides and sulfonic acid modified Cinchonaalkaloids in high-performance liquid and subcritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1615:460771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Bajtai A, Lajkó G, Németi G, Szatmári I, Fülöp F, Péter A, Ilisz I. High-performance liquid chromatographic and subcritical fluid chromatographic separation of α-arylated ß-carboline, N-alkylated tetrahydroisoquinolines and their bioisosteres on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2779-2787. [PMID: 31216124 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
New, pharmacologically interesting chiral amino compounds, namely, stereoisomers of α-hydroxynaphthyl-ß-carboline, benz[d]azepine and benz[c]azepine analogs as well as N-α-hydroxynaphthylbenzyl-substituted isoquinolines were enantioseparated by high-performance liquid chromatographic and subcritical fluid chromatographic methods on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. Separation of the stereoisomers was optimized in both subcritical fluid chromatography and normal phase liquid chromatographic modes by investigating the effects of the composition of the bulk solvent, temperature, and the structures of the analytes and selectors. Both normal phase liquid chromatography and subcritical fluid chromatography exhibited satisfactory performance, albeit with somewhat different effectiveness in the separation of the stereoisomers studied. The optimized methods offer the possibility to apply preparative-scale separations thereby enabling further pharmacological investigations of the enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bajtai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Lajkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Németi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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5
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Chiral Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography Based on Chitin- and Chitosan-Derived Marine Polysaccharides. Symmetry (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/sym9090190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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6
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Enantioseparation of ß-carboline derivatives on polysaccharide- and strong cation exchanger-based chiral stationary phases. A comparative study. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:188-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Chiral selectors in CE: Recent developments and applications (2012-mid 2014). Electrophoresis 2014; 36:101-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Řezanka P, Navrátilová K, Řezanka M, Král V, Sýkora D. Application of cyclodextrins in chiral capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2701-21. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Klára Navrátilová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michal Řezanka
- Institute for Nanomaterials; Advanced Technologies and Innovation; Technical University of Liberec; Liberec Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
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Woods RM, Patel DC, Lim Y, Breitbach ZS, Gao H, Keene C, Li G, Kürti L, Armstrong DW. Enantiomeric separation of biaryl atropisomers using cyclofructan based chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1357:172-81. [PMID: 24835594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Normal phase chiral HPLC methods are presented for the enantiomeric separation of 30 biaryl atropisomers including 18 new compounds recently produced via a novel synthetic approach. Three new cyclofructan based chiral stationary phases were evaluated. Separations were achieved for all but six analytes and the LARIHC™ CF6-P alone provided 15 baseline separations. Effects of polar modifiers and temperature effects also were studied. Apparent thermodynamic parameters were determined by van't Hoff plots. Preparative scale methods were developed and employed resulting in the first ever isolation of these novel atropisomers in their pure enantiomeric form. Insights into the mechanism of retention and chiral discrimination are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Woods
- The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Darshan C Patel
- The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Yeeun Lim
- The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Zachary S Breitbach
- The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Hongyin Gao
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Craig Keene
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gongqiang Li
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - László Kürti
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; AZYP LLC, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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10
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Sánchez-Hernández L, Guijarro-Diez M, Marina ML, Crego AL. New approaches in sensitive chiral CE. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:12-27. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel Guijarro-Diez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio L. Crego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
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11
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Jáč P, Scriba GKE. Recent advances in electrodriven enantioseparations. J Sep Sci 2012; 36:52-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Jáč
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Friedrich Schiller University; Jena; Germany
| | - Gerhard K. E. Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Friedrich Schiller University; Jena; Germany
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12
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Šlampová A, Malá Z, Pantůčková P, Gebauer P, Boček P. Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:3-18. [PMID: 23161176 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sample stacking is a term denoting a multifarious class of methods and their names that are used daily in CE for online concentration of diluted samples to enhance separation efficiency and sensitivity of analyses. The essence of these methods is that analytes present at low concentrations in a large injected sample zone are concentrated into a short and sharp zone (stack) in the separation capillary. Then the stacked analytes are separated and detected. Regardless of the diversity of the stacking electromigration methods, one can distinguish four main principles that form the bases of nearly all of them: (i) Kohlrausch adjustment of concentrations, (ii) pH step, (iii) micellar methods, and (iv) transient ITP. This contribution is a continuation of our previous reviews on the topic and brings an overview of papers published during 2010-2012 and relevant to the mentioned principles (except the last one which is covered by another review in this issue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Šlampová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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