1
|
Fan M, Zhou T, Zhao Z, Du Y, Liu S, Bi Z, Lu J, He H, Li L, Peng X, Gao X, Gu Y. Characteristics analysis of solid waste generation and carbon emission of beer production in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118017. [PMID: 38157965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As the largest beer producer and consumer in the world, China's endeavors to reduce solid waste generation (SWG) and carbon emissions (CEs) in the course of beer production assume paramount significance. This study aims to assess the SWG and CEs in beer production within China at both national and provincial levels, and further delves into the spatial distribution characteristics and evolving patterns across the country. Key findings of the study include:(1) Peak SWG and CEs were recorded in 2013, reaching 861.62 million tons and 2315.10 tCO2e, respectively, followed by a consistent decline. (2) Among the three types of solid waste, spent grain exhibited the highest generation rate, contributing to 94.38% of the total. (3) The emergence of China's beer industry dates back to the 1980s in the northeastern region, expanding to the southeastern and the Yangtze River Basin during the 1990s, ultimately extending nationwide. (4) The spatial distribution of beer production revealed significant regional disparities and notable industry concentration. Notably, many provinces witnessed reduced CEs from beer production starting in 2015, although the extent of reduction varied in different provinces. These findings serve as a scientific foundation for formulating emission reduction strategies in beer producing and offer insights for other food industries in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ziye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Yuting Du
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Siyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Zihan Bi
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Innovation Centre for Environment and Resources, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Hongping He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Xuya Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Yilu Gu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarkar SK, Rudra RR, Sohan AR, Das PC, Ekram KMM, Talukdar S, Rahman A, Alam E, Islam MK, Islam ARMT. Coupling of machine learning and remote sensing for soil salinity mapping in coastal area of Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17056. [PMID: 37816754 PMCID: PMC10564761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a pressing issue for sustainable food security in coastal regions. However, the coupling of machine learning and remote sensing was seldom employed for soil salinity mapping in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. The research aims to estimate the soil salinity level in a southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh. Using the Landsat OLI images, 13 soil salinity indicators were calculated, and 241 samples of soil salinity data were collected from a secondary source. This study applied three distinct machine learning models (namely, random forest, bagging with random forest, and artificial neural network) to estimate soil salinity. The best model was subsequently used to categorize soil salinity zones into five distinct groups. According to the findings, the artificial neural network model has the highest area under the curve (0.921), indicating that it has the most potential to predict and detect soil salinity zones. The high soil salinity zone covers an area of 977.94 km2 or roughly 413.51% of the total study area. According to additional data, a moderate soil salinity zone (686.92 km2) covers 30.56% of Satkhira, while a low soil salinity zone (582.73 km2) covers 25.93% of the area. Since increased soil salinity adversely affects human health, agricultural production, etc., the study's findings will be an effective tool for policymakers in integrated coastal zone management in the southwestern coastal area of Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Showmitra Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh.
| | - Rhyme Rubayet Rudra
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Abid Reza Sohan
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Palash Chandra Das
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
- Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Khondaker Mohammed Mohiuddin Ekram
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
- Population Health Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Swapan Talukdar
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Edris Alam
- Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, 22401, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Islam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, 31982, AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh
- Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|