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Herron TJ, Devaney E, Guerrero-Serna G, Mundada L, Metzger JM. Gene transfer of human cardiomyopathy β-MyHC mutant R403Q directly alters intact cardiac myocyte calcium homeostasis and causes hyper-contractility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.31.605903. [PMID: 39211095 PMCID: PMC11361141 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.31.605903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The R403Q mutation of human cardiac β-myosin heavy chain was the first missense mutation of a sarcomeric protein identified as being causal for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), in humans. The direct effect of the R403Q mutant myosin on intracellular calcium homeostasis and contractility is not fully known. Here we have used in vitro gene transfer of the R403Q mutant human β-myosin to study its direct effects on single intact adult cardiac myocyte contractility and calcium homeostasis. In the first experiments, adult cardiac myocytes transduced with the R403Q mutant myosin recombinant viral vectors were compared to myocytes transduced with wild-type human β-myosin (wtMYH7). Efficiency of gene transfer was high in both groups (>98%) and the degree of stoichiometric myofilament incorporation of either the mutant or normal myosin was comparable at ∼40% in quiescent myocytes in primary culture. Sarcomere structure and cellular morphology were unaffected by R403Q myosin expression and myofilament incorporation. Functionally, in electrically paced cardiac myocytes, the R403Q mutant myosin caused a significant increase in intracellular calcium concentration and myocyte hyper-contractility. At the sub-cellular myofilament level, the mutant myosin increased the calcium sensitivity of steady state isometric tension development and increased isometric cross-bridge cycling kinetics. R403Q myocytes became arrhythmic after β-adrenergic stimulation with spontaneous calcium transients and contractions in between electrical stimuli. These results indicate that human R403Q mutant myosin directly alters myofilament function and intracellular calcium cycling. Elevated calcium levels may provide a trigger for the ensuing hypertrophy and susceptibility to arrhythmia that are characteristic of HCM.
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Angom RS, Joshi A, Patowary A, Sivadas A, Ramasamy S, K. V. S, Kaushik K, Sabharwal A, Lalwani MK, K. S, Singh N, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S. Forward genetic screen using a gene-breaking trap approach identifies a novel role of grin2bb-associated RNA transcript ( grin2bbART) in zebrafish heart function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1339292. [PMID: 38533084 PMCID: PMC10964321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1339292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
LncRNA-based control affects cardiac pathophysiologies like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, hypertrophy, and myotonic muscular dystrophy. This study used a gene-break transposon (GBT) to screen zebrafish (Danio rerio) for insertional mutagenesis. We identified three insertional mutants where the GBT captured a cardiac gene. One of the adult viable GBT mutants had bradycardia (heart arrhythmia) and enlarged cardiac chambers or hypertrophy; we named it "bigheart." Bigheart mutant insertion maps to grin2bb or N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR2B) gene intron 2 in reverse orientation. Rapid amplification of adjacent cDNA ends analysis suggested a new insertion site transcript in the intron 2 of grin2bb. Analysis of the RNA sequencing of wild-type zebrafish heart chambers revealed a possible new transcript at the insertion site. As this putative lncRNA transcript satisfies the canonical signatures, we called this transcript grin2bb associated RNA transcript (grin2bbART). Using in situ hybridization, we confirmed localized grin2bbART expression in the heart, central nervous system, and muscles in the developing embryos and wild-type adult zebrafish atrium and bulbus arteriosus. The bigheart mutant had reduced Grin2bbART expression. We showed that bigheart gene trap insertion excision reversed cardiac-specific arrhythmia and atrial hypertrophy and restored grin2bbART expression. Morpholino-mediated antisense downregulation of grin2bbART in wild-type zebrafish embryos mimicked bigheart mutants; this suggests grin2bbART is linked to bigheart. Cardiovascular tissues use Grin2bb as a calcium-permeable ion channel. Calcium imaging experiments performed on bigheart mutants indicated calcium mishandling in the heart. The bigheart cardiac transcriptome showed differential expression of calcium homeostasis, cardiac remodeling, and contraction genes. Western blot analysis highlighted Camk2d1 and Hdac1 overexpression. We propose that altered calcium activity due to disruption of grin2bbART, a putative lncRNA in bigheart, altered the Camk2d-Hdac pathway, causing heart arrhythmia and hypertrophy in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Adita Joshi
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Patowary
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ambily Sivadas
- GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Soundhar Ramasamy
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Shamsudheen K. V.
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kriti Kaushik
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ankit Sabharwal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Lalwani
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Subburaj K.
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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3
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Rapezzi C, Aimo A, Barison A, Emdin M, Porcari A, Linhart A, Keren A, Merlo M, Sinagra G. Restrictive cardiomyopathy: definition and diagnosis. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:4679-4693. [PMID: 36269634 PMCID: PMC9712030 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by restrictive left ventricular pathophysiology, i.e. a rapid rise in ventricular pressure with only small increases in filling volume due to increased myocardial stiffness. More precisely, the defining feature of RCM is the coexistence of persistent restrictive pathophysiology, diastolic dysfunction, non-dilated ventricles, and atrial dilatation, regardless of ventricular wall thickness and systolic function. Beyond this shared haemodynamic hallmark, the phenotypic spectrum of RCM is wide. The disorders manifesting as RCM may be classified according to four main disease mechanisms: (i) interstitial fibrosis and intrinsic myocardial dysfunction, (ii) infiltration of extracellular spaces, (iii) accumulation of storage material within cardiomyocytes, or (iv) endomyocardial fibrosis. Many disorders do not show restrictive pathophysiology throughout their natural history, but only at an initial stage (with an evolution towards a hypokinetic and dilated phenotype) or at a terminal stage (often progressing from a hypertrophic phenotype). Furthermore, elements of both hypertrophic and restrictive phenotypes may coexist in some patients, making the classification challenge. Restrictive pathophysiology can be demonstrated by cardiac catheterization or Doppler echocardiography. The specific conditions may usually be diagnosed based on clinical data, 12-lead electrocardiogram, echocardiography, nuclear medicine, or cardiovascular magnetic resonance, but further investigations may be needed, up to endomyocardial biopsy and genetic evaluation. The spectrum of therapies is also wide and heterogeneous, but disease-modifying treatments are available only for cardiac amyloidosis and, partially, for iron overload cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Rapezzi
- Corresponding author. Tel: +39 0532239882, Fax: +39 0532 293031,
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Barison
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Aldostefano Porcari
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Via Giacomo Puccini, 50, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ales Linhart
- General University Hospital and Charles University, Opletalova 38, 110 00 Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | - Andre Keren
- Cardiology Division, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Sderot Churchill 8, Jerusalem, Israel,Heart Failure Center, Clalit Health Services, Bnei Brit St 22, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marco Merlo
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Via Giacomo Puccini, 50, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Via Giacomo Puccini, 50, 34148 Trieste, Italy
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4
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Keyt LK, Duran JM, Bui QM, Chen C, Miyamoto MI, Silva Enciso J, Tardiff JC, Adler ED. Thin filament cardiomyopathies: A review of genetics, disease mechanisms, and emerging therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972301. [PMID: 36158814 PMCID: PMC9489950 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All muscle contraction occurs due to the cyclical interaction between sarcomeric thin and thick filament proteins within the myocyte. The thin filament consists of the proteins actin, tropomyosin, Troponin C, Troponin I, and Troponin T. Mutations in these proteins can result in various forms of cardiomyopathy, including hypertrophic, restrictive, and dilated phenotypes and account for as many as 30% of all cases of inherited cardiomyopathy. There is significant evidence that thin filament mutations contribute to dysregulation of Ca2+ within the sarcomere and may have a distinct pathomechanism of disease from cardiomyopathy associated with thick filament mutations. A number of distinct clinical findings appear to be correlated with thin-filament mutations: greater degrees of restrictive cardiomyopathy and relatively less left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and LV outflow tract obstruction than that seen with thick filament mutations, increased morbidity associated with heart failure, increased arrhythmia burden and potentially higher mortality. Most therapies that improve outcomes in heart failure blunt the neurohormonal pathways involved in cardiac remodeling, while most therapies for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involve use of negative inotropes to reduce LV hypertrophy or septal reduction therapies to reduce LV outflow tract obstruction. None of these therapies directly address the underlying sarcomeric dysfunction associated with thin-filament mutations. With mounting evidence that thin filament cardiomyopathies occur through a distinct mechanism, there is need for therapies targeting the unique, underlying mechanisms tailored for each patient depending on a given mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas K. Keyt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jason M. Duran
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Quan M. Bui
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Jorge Silva Enciso
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jil C. Tardiff
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Eric D. Adler
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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5
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Solaro RJ. Widely cited publications of Michael Bárány in 1964 and 1967 as tipping points in understanding myosin molecular motors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 727:109319. [PMID: 35709967 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In 1964 Michael Bárány and colleagues published a paper ((M. Bárány, E. Gaetjens, K. Bárány, Karp E. Arch Biochem Biophys 106(1964)280-93. http://10.1016/0003-9861(64)90,189-4)) that has been one of the most cited papers in Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. This was followed in 1967 by another most cited paper (M. Bárány. J Gen Physiol 50(1967)197-218. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.50.6.197). I have commemorated these achievements as tipping points in the understanding of myosin motors in muscle function. Tipping points are generally defined as a temporal point in which a series of progressive advances (in this case the understanding of the relations between myosin ATP hydrolysis and muscle function) inspire more expansive, wide-ranging, significant changes. I first concisely summarize the background against which the papers came to publication as well as the unimaginable personal challenges faced by Michael and Kate Bárány. A final section summarizes the impact of these publications as key steps in the progression of contemporary understanding of diverse control of myosin ATPase activity with focus on the thick filaments in cardiac homeostasis, disorders, and as targets for therapeutic applications in translational investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, USA.
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6
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Musicante M, Kim HH, Chen Y, Liao F, Bhattacharya SK, Lu L, Sun Y. Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in cardiac remodeling. Int J Cardiol 2022; 364:96-101. [PMID: 35654172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our previous study demonstrated that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene serves as a candidate for modifiers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which alters severity of HCM phenotypes. Herein, we sought to further elucidate the role of eNOS on cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, the major phenotypes of HCM. METHODS Male eNOS-deficient mice (eNOS-/-) and wild type control mice (eNOS+/+, C57B1/6 J) were used in this study. Myocyte size was analyzed in hematoxylin/eosin stained sections using an image analyzing system. Cardiac β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) and α-skeletal actin (α-SKA) levels, markers of myocyte hypertrophy were evaluated by Western blot. Cardiac collagen volume fraction (CVF) was examined in picrosirius red stained section using an image analyzing system. Cardiac expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), markers of fibrosis, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared to eNOS+/+ mice, we found that; 1) myocyte size was significantly increased in eNOS-/- mice; 2) cardiac expression of β-MHC was markedly elevated, while α-SKA levels remained unchanged in eNOS-/- mice; 3) cardiac total and interstitial CVF levels were significantly higher in eNOS-/- mice; and 4) cardiac TIMP-1 levels were significantly greater in eNOS-/- mice, however, cardiac TGF-β1 was not differently expressed between the two groups. CONCLUSION The current study revealed that eNOS plays a beneficial role in cardiac remodeling, preventing the heart from development of myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. These findings support our previous report that eNOS may modify the severity of HCM phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl Musicante
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, United States of America
| | - Hannah H Kim
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, United States of America
| | - Yuanjian Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine(,) University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Fang Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Syamal K Bhattacharya
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine(,) University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America.
| | - Yao Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine(,) University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America.
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7
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Pioner JM, Vitale G, Gentile F, Scellini B, Piroddi N, Cerbai E, Olivotto I, Tardiff J, Coppini R, Tesi C, Poggesi C, Ferrantini C. Genotype-Driven Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The Case of Different TNNT2 Mutations. Front Physiol 2022; 13:864547. [PMID: 35514357 PMCID: PMC9062294 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.864547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial dilation and atrial fibrillation (AF) are common in Hypertrophic CardioMyopathy (HCM) patients and associated with a worsening of prognosis. The pathogenesis of atrial myopathy in HCM remains poorly investigated and no specific association with genotype has been identified. By re-analysis of our cohort of thin-filament HCM patients (Coppini et al. 2014) AF was identified in 10% of patients with sporadic mutations in the cardiac Troponin T gene (TNNT2), while AF occurrence was much higher (25-75%) in patients carrying specific "hot-spot" TNNT2 mutations. To determine the molecular basis of arrhythmia occurrence, two HCM mouse models expressing human TNNT2 variants (a "hot-spot" one, R92Q, and a "sporadic" one, E163R) were selected according to the different pathophysiological pathways previously demonstrated in ventricular tissue. Echocardiography studies showed a significant left atrial dilation in both models, but more pronounced in the R92Q. In E163R atrial trabeculae, in line with what previously observed in ventricular preparations, the energy cost of tension generation was markedly increased. However, no changes of twitch amplitude and kinetics were observed, and there was no atrial arrhythmic propensity. R92Q atrial trabeculae, instead, displayed normal ATP consumption but markedly increased myofilament calcium sensitivity, as previously observed in ventricular preparations. This was associated with reduced inotropic reserve and slower kinetics of twitch contractions and, importantly, with an increased occurrence of spontaneous beats and triggered contractions that represent an intrinsic arrhythmogenic mechanism promoting AF. The association of specific TNNT2 mutations with AF occurrence depends on the mutation-driven pathomechanism (i.e., increased atrial myofilament calcium sensitivity rather than increased myofilament tension cost) and may influence the individual response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Vitale
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Gentile
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Piroddi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jil Tardiff
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Chiara Tesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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8
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Riaz M, Park J, Sewanan LR, Ren Y, Schwan J, Das SK, Pomianowski PT, Huang Y, Ellis MW, Luo J, Liu J, Song L, Chen IP, Qiu C, Yazawa M, Tellides G, Hwa J, Young LH, Yang L, Marboe CC, Jacoby DL, Campbell SG, Qyang Y. Muscle LIM Protein Force-Sensing Mediates Sarcomeric Biomechanical Signaling in Human Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2022; 145:1238-1253. [PMID: 35384713 PMCID: PMC9109819 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease and is typically caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins that regulate cardiac contractility. HCM manifestations include left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure, arrythmias, and sudden cardiac death. How dysregulated sarcomeric force production is sensed and leads to pathological remodeling remains poorly understood in HCM, thereby inhibiting the efficient development of new therapeutics. METHODS Our discovery was based on insights from a severe phenotype of an individual with HCM and a second genetic alteration in a sarcomeric mechanosensing protein. We derived cardiomyocytes from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells and developed robust engineered heart tissues by seeding induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes into a laser-cut scaffold possessing native cardiac fiber alignment to study human cardiac mechanobiology at both the cellular and tissue levels. Coupled with computational modeling for muscle contraction and rescue of disease phenotype by gene editing and pharmacological interventions, we have identified a new mechanotransduction pathway in HCM, shown to be essential in modulating the phenotypic expression of HCM in 5 families bearing distinct sarcomeric mutations. RESULTS Enhanced actomyosin crossbridge formation caused by sarcomeric mutations in cardiac myosin heavy chain (MYH7) led to increased force generation, which, when coupled with slower twitch relaxation, destabilized the MLP (muscle LIM protein) stretch-sensing complex at the Z-disc. Subsequent reduction in the sarcomeric muscle LIM protein level caused disinhibition of calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells signaling, which promoted cardiac hypertrophy. We demonstrate that the common muscle LIM protein-W4R variant is an important modifier, exacerbating the phenotypic expression of HCM, but alone may not be a disease-causing mutation. By mitigating enhanced actomyosin crossbridge formation through either genetic or pharmacological means, we alleviated stress at the Z-disc, preventing the development of hypertrophy associated with sarcomeric mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our studies have uncovered a novel biomechanical mechanism through which dysregulated sarcomeric force production is sensed and leads to pathological signaling, remodeling, and hypertrophic responses. Together, these establish the foundation for developing innovative mechanism-based treatments for HCM that stabilize the Z-disc MLP-mechanosensory complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jinkyu Park
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lorenzo R. Sewanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongming Ren
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonas Schwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Subhash K. Das
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Yan Huang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew W. Ellis
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Juli Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Loujin Song
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - I-Ping Chen
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Masayuki Yazawa
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Young
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Charles C. Marboe
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel L. Jacoby
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart G. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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9
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Müller D, Donath S, Brückner EG, Biswanath Devadas S, Daniel F, Gentemann L, Zweigerdt R, Heisterkamp A, Kalies SMK. How Localized Z-Disc Damage Affects Force Generation and Gene Expression in Cardiomyocytes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8120213. [PMID: 34940366 PMCID: PMC8698600 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper function of cardiomyocytes (CMs) is highly related to the Z-disc, which has a pivotal role in orchestrating the sarcomeric cytoskeletal function. To better understand Z-disc related cardiomyopathies, novel models of Z-disc damage have to be developed. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived CMs can serve as an in vitro model to better understand the sarcomeric cytoskeleton. A femtosecond laser system can be applied for localized and defined damage application within cells as single Z-discs can be removed. We have investigated the changes in force generation via traction force microscopy, and in gene expression after Z-disc manipulation in hPSC-derived CMs. We observed a significant weakening of force generation after removal of a Z-disc. However, no significant changes of the number of contractions after manipulation were detected. The stress related gene NF-kB was significantly upregulated. Additionally, α-actinin (ACTN2) and filamin-C (FLNc) were upregulated, pointing to remodeling of the Z-disc and the sarcomeric cytoskeleton. Ultimately, cardiac troponin I (TNNI3) and cardiac muscle troponin T (TNNT2) were significantly downregulated. Our results allow a better understanding of transcriptional coupling of Z-disc damage and the relation of damage to force generation and can therefore finally pave the way to novel therapies of sarcomeric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Müller
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.D.); (R.Z.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sören Donath
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Emanuel Georg Brückner
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Santoshi Biswanath Devadas
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.D.); (R.Z.)
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fiene Daniel
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lara Gentemann
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.D.); (R.Z.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.D.); (R.Z.)
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.D.); (R.Z.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Michael Klaus Kalies
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (S.D.); (E.G.B.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (A.H.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.B.D.); (R.Z.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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10
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Smith QM, Inchingolo AV, Mihailescu MD, Dai H, Kad NM. Single-molecule imaging reveals the concerted release of myosin from regulated thin filaments. eLife 2021; 10:69184. [PMID: 34569933 PMCID: PMC8476120 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated thin filaments (RTFs) tightly control striated muscle contraction through calcium binding to troponin, which enables tropomyosin to expose myosin-binding sites on actin. Myosin binding holds tropomyosin in an open position, exposing more myosin-binding sites on actin, leading to cooperative activation. At lower calcium levels, troponin and tropomyosin turn off the thin filament; however, this is antagonised by the high local concentration of myosin, questioning how the thin filament relaxes. To provide molecular details of deactivation, we used single-molecule imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged myosin-S1 (S1-GFP) to follow the activation of RTF tightropes. In sub-maximal activation conditions, RTFs are not fully active, enabling direct observation of deactivation in real time. We observed that myosin binding occurs in a stochastic step-wise fashion; however, an unexpectedly large probability of multiple contemporaneous detachments is observed. This suggests that deactivation of the thin filament is a coordinated active process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin M Smith
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Hongsheng Dai
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neil M Kad
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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11
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Sewanan LR, Park J, Rynkiewicz MJ, Racca AW, Papoutsidakis N, Schwan J, Jacoby DL, Moore JR, Lehman W, Qyang Y, Campbell SG. Loss of crossbridge inhibition drives pathological cardiac hypertrophy in patients harboring the TPM1 E192K mutation. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212516. [PMID: 34319370 PMCID: PMC8321830 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited disorder caused primarily by mutations to thick and thinfilament proteins. Although thin filament mutations are less prevalent than their oft-studied thick filament counterparts, they are frequently associated with severe patient phenotypes and can offer important insight into fundamental disease mechanisms. We have performed a detailed study of tropomyosin (TPM1) E192K, a variant of uncertain significance associated with HCM. Molecular dynamics revealed that E192K results in a more flexible TPM1 molecule, which could affect its ability to regulate crossbridges. In vitro motility assays of regulated actin filaments containing TPM1 E192K showed an overall loss of Ca2+ sensitivity. To understand these effects, we used multiscale computational models that suggested a subtle phenotype in which E192K leads to an inability to completely inhibit actin-myosin crossbridge activity at low Ca2+. To assess the physiological impact of the mutation, we generated patient-derived engineered heart tissues expressing E192K. These tissues showed disease features similar to those of the patients, including cellular hypertrophy, hypercontractility, and diastolic dysfunction. We hypothesized that excess residual crossbridge activity could be triggering cellular hypertrophy, even if the overall Ca2+ sensitivity was reduced by E192K. To test this hypothesis, the cardiac myosin-specific inhibitor mavacamten was applied to patient-derived engineered heart tissues for 4 d followed by 24 h of washout. Chronic mavacamten treatment abolished contractile differences between control and TPM1 E192K engineered heart tissues and reversed hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that the TPM1 E192K mutation triggers cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by permitting excess residual crossbridge activity. These studies also provide direct evidence that myosin inhibition by mavacamten can counteract the hypertrophic effects of mutant tropomyosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo R Sewanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jinkyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael J Rynkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Alice W Racca
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA
| | - Nikolaos Papoutsidakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jonas Schwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Daniel L Jacoby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jeffrey R Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA
| | - William Lehman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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12
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Sewanan LR, Jacoby DL. Novel Myosin-Based Therapies in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-021-00921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Creso JG, Campbell SG. Potential impacts of the cardiac troponin I mobile domain on myofilament activation and relaxation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 155:50-57. [PMID: 33647310 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac thin filament is regulated in a Ca2+-dependent manner through conformational changes of troponin and tropomyosin (Tm). It has been generally understood that under conditions of low Ca2+ the inhibitory peptide domain (IP) of troponin I (TnI) binds to actin and holds Tm over the myosin binding sites on actin to prevent crossbridge formation. More recently, evidence that the C-terminal mobile domain (MD) of TnI also binds actin has made for a more complex scenario. This study uses a computational model to investigate the consequences of assuming that TnI regulates Tm movement via two actin-binding domains rather than one. First, a 16-state model of the cardiac thin filament regulatory unit was created with TnI-IP as the sole regulatory domain. Expansion of this to include TnI-MD formed a 24-state model. Comparison of these models showed that assumption of a second actin-binding site allows the individual domains to have a lower affinity for actin than would be required for IP acting alone. Indeed, setting actin affinities of the IP and MD to 25% of that assumed for the IP in the single-site model was sufficient to achieve precisely the same degree of Ca2+ regulation. We also tested the 24-state model's ability to represent steady-state experimental data in the case of disruption of either the IP or MD. We were able to capture qualitative changes in several properties that matched what was seen in the experimental data. Lastly, simulations were run to examine the effect of disruption of the IP or MD on twitch dynamics. Our results suggest that both domains are required to keep diastolic cross-bridge activity to a minimum and accelerate myofilament relaxation. Overall, our analyses support a paradigm in which two domains of TnI bind with moderate affinity to actin, working in tandem to complete Ca2+-dependent regulation of the thin filament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenette G Creso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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14
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Mechanisms underlying pathological Ca 2+ handling in diseases of the heart. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:331-347. [PMID: 33399957 PMCID: PMC10070045 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte contraction relies on precisely regulated intracellular Ca2+ signaling through various Ca2+ channels and transporters. In this article, we will review the physiological regulation of Ca2+ handling and its role in maintaining normal cardiac rhythm and contractility. We discuss how inherited variants or acquired defects in Ca2+ channel subunits contribute to the development or progression of diseases of the heart. Moreover, we highlight recent insights into the role of protein phosphatase subunits and striated muscle preferentially expressed protein kinase (SPEG) in atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and cardiomyopathies. Finally, this review summarizes current drug therapies and new advances in genome editing as therapeutic strategies for the cardiac diseases caused by aberrant intracellular Ca2+ signaling.
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15
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Baulina NM, Kiselev IS, Chumakova OS, Favorova OO. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy as an Oligogenic Disease: Transcriptomic Arguments. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320060023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Chung H, Kim Y, Cho SM, Lee HJ, Park CH, Kim JY, Lee SH, Min PK, Yoon YW, Lee BK, Kim WS, Hong BK, Kim TH, Rim SJ, Kwon HM, Choi EY, Lee KA. Differential contributions of sarcomere and mitochondria-related multigene variants to the endophenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:48-56. [PMID: 32380161 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a multigenic disease that occurs due to various genetic modifiers. We investigated phenotype-based clinical and genetic characteristics of HCM patients using comprehensive genetic tests and rare variant association analysis. METHODS A comprehensive HCM-specific panel, consisting of 82 nuclear DNAs (nDNAs: 33 sarcomere-associated genes, 5 phenocopy genes, and 44 nuclear genes linked to mitochondrial cardiomyopathy) and 37 mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs), was analyzed. Rare variant analysis was performed to determine the association of specific genes with different phenotypes. RESULTS Among the 212 patients, pathogenic variants in sarcomere-associated genes were more prevalent in non-apical HCM (41.4%, 46/111; P = 0.001) than apical HCM (20.8%, 21/101). Apical HCM exhibits mild phenotypes than non-apical HCM, and it showed fewer numbers of sarcomere mutations than non-apical HCM. Interestingly, inverted mutation frequency of TNNI3 (35%) and MYH7 (9%) was observed in apical HCM. In a rare variant analysis, MT-RNR2 positively correlated with apical HCM (OR: 1.37, P = 0.025). And, MYBPC3 (sarcomere gene) negatively contributed to apical HCM (OR: 0.54, P = 0.027). On the other hand, both pathogenic mutation (P < 0.05) and rare variants in sarcomere-associated genes (OR: 2.78-3.47, P < 0.05) were related to diastolic dysfunction and left atrium remodeling, which correlated with poor prognosis in HCM patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a clue towards explaining the difference between the prevalence and phenotype of apical HCM in Asian populations, and a foundation for genetics-based approaches that may enable individualized risk stratification for HCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemoon Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, the Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam 13496, South Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chul-Hwan Park
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Jong-Youn Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Pil-Ki Min
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Young Won Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Woo-Shik Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Bum-Kee Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Se-Joong Rim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Hyuck Moon Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Eui-Young Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea.
| | - Kyung-A Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea.
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17
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Matyushenko AM, Levitsky DI. Molecular Mechanisms of Pathologies of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles Caused by Point Mutations in the Tropomyosin Genes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:S20-S33. [PMID: 32087052 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920140023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review is devoted to tropomyosin (Tpm) - actin-binding protein, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of contraction of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Special attention is paid to myopathies and cardiomyopathies - severe hereditary diseases of skeletal and cardiac muscles associated with point mutations in Tpm genes. The current views on the molecular mechanisms of these diseases and the effects of such mutations on the Tpm structure and functions are considered in detail. Besides, some part of the review is devoted to analysis of the properties of Tpm homodimers and heterodimers with myopathic substitutions of amino acid residues in only one of the two chains of the Tpm dimeric molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Matyushenko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center on Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - D I Levitsky
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center on Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia. .,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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18
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Lehman W, Rynkiewicz MJ, Moore JR. A new twist on tropomyosin binding to actin filaments: perspectives on thin filament function, assembly and biomechanics. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2020; 41:23-38. [PMID: 30771202 PMCID: PMC6697252 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosin, best known for its role in the steric regulation of muscle contraction, polymerizes head-to-tail to form cables localized along the length of both muscle and non-muscle actin-based thin filaments. In skeletal and cardiac muscles, tropomyosin, under the control of troponin and myosin, moves in a cooperative manner between blocked, closed and open positions on filaments, thereby masking and exposing actin-binding sites necessary for myosin crossbridge head interactions. While the coiled-coil signature of tropomyosin appears to be simple, closer inspection reveals surprising structural complexity required to perform its role in steric regulation. For example, component α-helices of coiled coils are typically zippered together along a continuous core hydrophobic stripe. Tropomyosin, however, contains a number of anomalous, functionally controversial, core amino acid residues. We argue that the atypical residues at this interface, including clusters of alanines and a charged aspartate, are required for preshaping tropomyosin to readily fit to the surface of the actin filament, but do so without compromising tropomyosin rigidity once the filament is assembled. Indeed, persistence length measurements of tropomyosin are characteristic of a semi-rigid cable, in this case conducive to cooperative movement on thin filaments. In addition, we also maintain that tropomyosin displays largely unrecognized and residue-specific torsional variance, which is involved in optimizing contacts between actin and tropomyosin on the assembled thin filament. Corresponding twist-induced stiffness may also enhance cooperative translocation of tropomyosin across actin filaments. We conclude that anomalous core residues of tropomyosin facilitate thin filament regulatory behavior in a multifaceted way.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lehman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Rynkiewicz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey R. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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19
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Pott A, Rottbauer W, Just S. Streamlining drug discovery assays for cardiovascular disease using zebrafish. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:27-37. [PMID: 31570020 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1671351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In the last decade, our armamentarium of cardiovascular drug therapy has expanded significantly. Using innovative functional genomics strategies such as genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9 as well as high-throughput assays to identify bioactive small chemical compounds has significantly facilitated elaboration of the underlying pathomechanism in various cardiovascular diseases. However, despite scientific progress approvals for cardiovascular drugs has stagnated significantly compared to other fields of drug discovery and therapy during the past years.Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the aspects and pitfalls during the early phase of cardiovascular drug discovery and describe the advantages of zebrafish as an in vivo organism to model human cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as an in vivo platform for high-throughput chemical compound screening. They also highlight the emerging, promising techniques of automated read-out systems during high-throughput screening (HTS) for the evaluation of important cardiac functional parameters in zebrafish with the potential to streamline CVD drug discovery.Expert opinion: The successful identification of novel drugs to treat CVD is a major challenge in modern biomedical and clinical research. In this context, the definition of the etiologic fundamentals of human cardiovascular diseases is the prerequisite for an efficient and straightforward drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pott
- Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Molecular Cardiology, Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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20
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Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited heart disease and defined by unexplained isolated progressive myocardial hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death and histopathologic changes, such as myocyte disarray and myocardial fibrosis. Mutations in genes encoding for proteins of the contractile apparatus of the cardiomyocyte, such as β-myosin heavy chain and myosin binding protein C, have been identified as cause of the disease. Disease is caused by altered biophysical properties of the cardiomyocyte, disturbed calcium handling, and abnormal cellular metabolism. Mutations in sarcomere genes can also activate other signaling pathways via transcriptional activation and can influence non-cardiac cells, such as fibroblasts. Additional environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors result in heterogeneous disease expression. The clinical course of the disease varies greatly with some patients presenting during childhood while others remain asymptomatic until late in life. Patients can present with either heart failure symptoms or the first symptom can be sudden death due to malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The morphological and pathological heterogeneity results in prognosis uncertainty and makes patient management challenging. Current standard therapeutic measures include the prevention of sudden death by prohibition of competitive sport participation and the implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators if indicated, as well as symptomatic heart failure therapies or cardiac transplantation. There exists no causal therapy for this monogenic autosomal-dominant inherited disorder, so that the focus of current management is on early identification of asymptomatic patients at risk through molecular diagnostic and clinical cascade screening of family members, optimal sudden death risk stratification, and timely initiation of preventative therapies to avoid disease progression to the irreversible adverse myocardial remodeling stage. Genetic diagnosis allowing identification of asymptomatic affected patients prior to clinical disease onset, new imaging technologies, and the establishment of international guidelines have optimized treatment and sudden death risk stratification lowering mortality dramatically within the last decade. However, a thorough understanding of underlying disease pathogenesis, regular clinical follow-up, family counseling, and preventative treatment is required to minimize morbidity and mortality of affected patients. This review summarizes current knowledge about molecular genetics and pathogenesis of HCM secondary to mutations in the sarcomere and provides an overview about current evidence and guidelines in clinical patient management. The overview will focus on clinical staging based on disease mechanism allowing timely initiation of preventative measures. An outlook about so far experimental treatments and potential for future therapies will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Maria Wolf
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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21
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Abstract
The cardiac troponin complex, composed of three regulatory proteins (cTnI, cTnT, TnC), functions as the critical regulator of cardiac muscle contraction and relaxation. Myofilament protein-protein interactions are regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs) to the protein constituents of this complex. Dysregulation of troponin PTMs, particularly phosphorylation, results in altered cardiac contractility. Altered PTMs and isoforms have been increasingly recognized as the molecular mechanisms underlying heart diseases. Therefore, it is essential to comprehensively analyze cardiac troponin proteoforms that arise from PTMs, alternative splicing, and sequence variations. In this chapter, we described two detailed protocols for the enrichment and purification of endogenous cardiac troponin proteoforms from cardiac tissue. Subsequently, mass spectrometry (MS)-based top-down proteomics utilizing online liquid chromatography (LC)/quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) MS for separation, profiling, and quantification of the troponins was demonstrated. Characterization of troponin amino acid sequence and the localization of PTMs were shown using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MS with electron capture dissociation (ECD) and collisionally activated dissociation (CAD). Furthermore, we described the use of MASH software, a comprehensive and free software package developed in our lab, for top-down proteomics data analysis. The methods we described can be applied for the analysis of troponin proteoforms in cardiac tissues, from animal models to human clinical samples, for heart disease.
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Wijnker PJ, Sequeira V, Kuster DW, van der Velden J. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Vicious Cycle Triggered by Sarcomere Mutations and Secondary Disease Hits. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:318-358. [PMID: 29490477 PMCID: PMC6602117 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiac genetic disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and myocardial disarray. Disease onset occurs between 20 and 50 years of age, thus affecting patients in the prime of their life. HCM is caused by mutations in sarcomere proteins, the contractile building blocks of the heart. Despite increased knowledge of causal mutations, the exact path from genetic defect leading to cardiomyopathy is complex and involves additional disease hits. Recent Advances: Laboratory-based studies indicate that HCM development not only depends on the primary sarcomere impairment caused by the mutation but also on secondary disease-related alterations in the heart. Here we propose a vicious mutation-induced disease cycle, in which a mutation-induced energy depletion alters cellular metabolism with increased mitochondrial work, which triggers secondary disease modifiers that will worsen disease and ultimately lead to end-stage HCM. Critical Issues: Evidence shows excessive cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HCM patients and HCM animal models. Oxidative stress markers are increased in the heart (oxidized proteins, DNA, and lipids) and serum of HCM patients. In addition, increased mitochondrial ROS production and changes in endogenous antioxidants are reported in HCM. Mutant sarcomeric protein may drive excessive levels of cardiac ROS via changes in cardiac efficiency and metabolism, mitochondrial activation and/or dysfunction, impaired protein quality control, and microvascular dysfunction. Future Directions: Interventions restoring metabolism, mitochondrial function, and improved ROS balance may be promising therapeutic approaches. We discuss the effects of current HCM pharmacological therapies and potential future therapies to prevent and reverse HCM. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 318-358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J.M. Wijnker
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik W.D. Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Tonino P, Kiss B, Gohlke J, Smith JE, Granzier H. Fine mapping titin's C-zone: Matching cardiac myosin-binding protein C stripes with titin's super-repeats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:47-56. [PMID: 31158359 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Titin is largely comprised of serially-linked immunoglobulin (Ig) and fibronectin type-III (Fn3) domains. Many of these domains are arranged in an 11 domain super-repeat pattern that is repeated 11 times, forming the so-named titin C-zone in the A-band region of the sarcomere. Each super-repeat is thought to provide binding sites for thick filament proteins, such as cMyBP-C (cardiac myosin-binding protein C). However, it remains to be established which of titin's 11 C-zone super-repeats anchor cMyBP-C as titin contains 11 super-repeats and cMyBP-C is found in 9 stripes only. To study the layout of titin's C-zone in relation to MyBP-C, immunolabeling studies were performed on mouse skinned myocardium with antibodies to titin and cMyBP-C, using both immuno-electron microscopy and super-resolution optical microscopy. Results indicate that cMyBP-C locates near the interface between titin's C-zone super-repeats. Studies on a mouse model in which two of titin's C-zone repeats have been genetically deleted support that the first Ig domain of a super-repeat is important for anchoring cMyBP-C but also Fn3 domains located at the end of the preceding repeat. Furthermore, not all super-repeat interfaces are equal as the interface between super-repeat 1 and 2 (close to titin's D-zone) does not contain cMyBP-C. Finally, titin's C-zone does not extend all the way to the bare zone but instead terminates at the level of the second myosin crown. This study enhances insights in the molecular layout of the C-zone of titin, its relation to cMyBP-C, and its possible roles in cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tonino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Balazs Kiss
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jochen Gohlke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - John E Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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24
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Seferović PM, Polovina M, Bauersachs J, Arad M, Gal TB, Lund LH, Felix SB, Arbustini E, Caforio AL, Farmakis D, Filippatos GS, Gialafos E, Kanjuh V, Krljanac G, Limongelli G, Linhart A, Lyon AR, Maksimović R, Miličić D, Milinković I, Noutsias M, Oto A, Oto Ö, Pavlović SU, Piepoli MF, Ristić AD, Rosano GM, Seggewiss H, Ašanin M, Seferović JP, Ruschitzka F, Čelutkiene J, Jaarsma T, Mueller C, Moura B, Hill L, Volterrani M, Lopatin Y, Metra M, Backs J, Mullens W, Chioncel O, Boer RA, Anker S, Rapezzi C, Coats AJ, Tschöpe C. Heart failure in cardiomyopathies: a position paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:553-576. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Petar M. Seferović
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Belgrade Serbia
| | - Marija Polovina
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Department of CardiologyClinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyMedical School Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Michael Arad
- Cardiomyopathy Clinic and Heart Failure Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Tuvia Ben Gal
- Department of CardiologyRabin Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Lars H. Lund
- Department of MedicineKarolinska Institutet, and Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Stephan B. Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo Pavia Italy
| | - Alida L.P. Caforio
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiological, Thoracic and Vascular SciencesUniversity of Padua Padua Italy
| | - Dimitrios Farmakis
- University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus; Heart Failure Unit, Department of CardiologyAthens University Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Gerasimos S. Filippatos
- University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus; Heart Failure Unit, Department of CardiologyAthens University Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Elias Gialafos
- Second Department of CardiologyHeart Failure and Preventive Cardiology Section, Henry Dunant Hospital Athens Greece
| | | | - Gordana Krljanac
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Department of CardiologyClinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Università della Campania ‘Luigi VanvitellI’Monaldi Hospital, AORN Colli, Centro di Ricerca Cardiovascolare, Ospedale Monaldi, AORN Colli, Naples, Italy, and UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science London UK
| | - Aleš Linhart
- Second Department of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular MedicineGeneral University Hospital, Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Alexander R. Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital London UK
| | - Ružica Maksimović
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Centre for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clinical Centre of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | - Davor Miličić
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivan Milinković
- Department of CardiologyClinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | - Michel Noutsias
- Mid‐German Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of CardiologyAngiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin‐Luther‐University Halle Halle Germany
| | - Ali Oto
- Department of CardiologyHacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey
| | - Öztekin Oto
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryDokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine İzmir Turkey
| | - Siniša U. Pavlović
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Pacemaker Center, Clinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | | | - Arsen D. Ristić
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Department of CardiologyClinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | - Giuseppe M.C. Rosano
- Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, Department of Medical SciencesIRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Rome Italy
| | - Hubert Seggewiss
- Medizinische Klinik, Kardiologie & Internistische Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Würzburg‐Mitte Würzburg Germany
| | - Milika Ašanin
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Department of CardiologyClinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jelena P. Seferović
- Cardiovascular DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Center Serbia and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Heart Center Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jelena Čelutkiene
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineVilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Tiny Jaarsma
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Faculty of Health ScienceLinköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Christian Mueller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Brenda Moura
- Cardiology DepartmentCentro Hospitalar São João Porto Portugal
| | - Loreena Hill
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | | | - Yuri Lopatin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Regional Cardiology Centre Volgograd Volgograd Russia
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical SpecialtiesRadiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and EpigeneticsUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wilfried Mullens
- BIOMED ‐ Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium
- Department of CardiologyZiekenhuis Oost‐Limburg Genk Belgium
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- University of Medicine Carol Davila Bucharest Romania
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, ‘Prof. C. C. Iliescu’ Bucharest Romania
| | - Rudolf A. Boer
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology (CVK)Charité Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Berlin Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Berlin, Charité Berlin Germany
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiology, Department of ExperimentalDiagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Andrew J.S. Coats
- Monash University, Australia, and University of Warwick Coventry UK
- Pharmacology, Centre of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy, and St George's University of London London UK
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz‐Kreislauf‐Forschung (DZHK) Berlin, Department of CardiologyCampus Virchow Klinikum, Charite ‐ Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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25
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Mamidi R, Li J, Doh CY, Holmes JB, Stelzer JE. Lost in translation: Interpreting cardiac muscle mechanics data in clinical practice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 662:213-218. [PMID: 30576628 PMCID: PMC6345594 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Current inotropic therapies improve systolic function in heart failure patients but also elicit undesirable side effects such as arrhythmias and increased intracellular Ca2+ transients. In order to maintain myocyte Ca2+ homeostasis, the increased cytosolic Ca2+ needs to be actively transported back to sarcoplasmic reticulum leading to depleted ATP reserves. Thus, an emerging approach is to design sarcomere-based treatments to correct impaired contractility via a direct and allosteric modulation of myosin's intrinsic force-generating behavior -a concept that potentially avoids the "off-target" effects. To achieve this goal, various biophysical approaches are utilized to investigate the mechanistic impact of sarcomeric modulators but information derived from diverse approaches is not fully integrated into therapeutic applications. This is in part due to the lack of information that provides a coherent connecting link between biophysical data to in vivo function. Hence, our ability to clearly discern the drug-mediated impact on whole-heart function is diminished. Reducing this translational barrier can significantly accelerate clinical progress related to sarcomere-based therapies by optimizing drug-dosing and treatment duration protocols based on information obtained from biophysical studies. Therefore, we attempt to link biophysical mechanical measurements obtained in isolated cardiac muscle and in vivo contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranganath Mamidi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jiayang Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Chang Yoon Doh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Joshua B Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Julian E Stelzer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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26
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Sewanan LR, Campbell SG. Modelling sarcomeric cardiomyopathies with human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. J Physiol 2019; 598:2909-2922. [PMID: 30624779 DOI: 10.1113/jp276753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a unique opportunity to understand the pathophysiological effects of genetic cardiomyopathy mutations. In particular, these cells hold the potential to unmask the effects of mutations on contractile behaviour in vitro, providing new insights into genotype-phenotype relationships. With this goal in mind, several groups have established iPSC lines that contain sarcomeric gene mutations linked to cardiomyopathy in patient populations. Their studies have employed diverse systems and methods for performing mechanical measurements of contractility, ranging from single cell techniques to multicellular tissue-like constructs. Here, we review published results to date within the growing field of iPSC-based sarcomeric cardiomyopathy disease models. We devote special attention to the methods of mechanical characterization selected in each case, and how these relate to the paradigms of classical muscle mechanics. An appreciation of these somewhat subtle paradigms can inform efforts to compare the results of different studies and possibly reconcile discrepancies. Although more work remains to be done to improve and possibly standardize methods for producing, maturing, and mechanically interrogating iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, the initial results indicate that this approach to modelling cardiomyopathies will continue to provide critical insights into these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo R Sewanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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27
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Glazier AA, Hafeez N, Mellacheruvu D, Basrur V, Nesvizhskii AI, Lee LM, Shao H, Tang V, Yob JM, Gestwicki JE, Helms AS, Day SM. HSC70 is a chaperone for wild-type and mutant cardiac myosin binding protein C. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99319. [PMID: 29875314 PMCID: PMC6124431 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) is the most commonly mutated gene associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Haploinsufficiency of full-length MYBPC3 and disruption of proteostasis have both been proposed as central to HCM disease pathogenesis. Discriminating the relative contributions of these 2 mechanisms requires fundamental knowledge of how turnover of WT and mutant MYBPC3 proteins is regulated. We expressed several disease-causing mutations in MYBPC3 in primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. In contrast to WT MYBPC3, mutant proteins showed reduced expression and failed to localize to the sarcomere. In an unbiased coimmunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry screen, we identified HSP70-family chaperones as interactors of both WT and mutant MYBPC3. Heat shock cognate 70 kDa (HSC70) was the most abundant chaperone interactor. Knockdown of HSC70 significantly slowed degradation of both WT and mutant MYBPC3, while pharmacologic activation of HSC70 and HSP70 accelerated degradation. HSC70 was expressed in discrete striations in the sarcomere. Expression of mutant MYBPC3 did not affect HSC70 localization, nor did it induce a protein folding stress response or ubiquitin proteasome dysfunction. Together these data suggest that WT and mutant MYBPC3 proteins are clients for HSC70, and that the HSC70 chaperone system plays a major role in regulating MYBPC3 protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lap Man Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hao Shao
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vi Tang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology
| | | | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Sharlene M. Day
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology
- Department of Internal Medicine
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28
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Iismaa SE, Li M, Kesteven S, Wu J, Chan AY, Holman SR, Calvert JW, Haq AU, Nicks AM, Naqvi N, Husain A, Feneley MP, Graham RM. Cardiac hypertrophy limits infarct expansion after myocardial infarction in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6114. [PMID: 29666426 PMCID: PMC5904135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that adult transgenic C57BL/6J mice with CM-restricted overexpression of the dominant negative W v mutant protein (dn-c-kit-Tg) respond to pressure overload with robust cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle entry. Here, we tested if outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI) due to coronary artery ligation are improved in this transgenic model. Compared to non-transgenic littermates (NTLs), adult male dn-c-kit-Tg mice displayed CM hypertrophy and concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in the absence of an increase in workload. Stroke volume and cardiac output were preserved and LV wall stress was markedly lower than that in NTLs, leading to a more energy-efficient heart. In response to MI, infarct size in adult (16-week old) dn-c-kit-Tg hearts was similar to that of NTL after 24 h but was half that in NTL hearts 12 weeks post-MI. Cumulative CM cell cycle entry was only modestly increased in dn-c-kit-Tg hearts. However, dn-c-kit-Tg mice were more resistant to infarct expansion, adverse LV remodelling and contractile dysfunction, and suffered no early death from LV rupture, relative to NTL mice. Thus, pre-existing cardiac hypertrophy lowers wall stress in dn-c-kit-Tg hearts, limits infarct expansion and prevents death from myocardial rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siiri E Iismaa
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Scott Kesteven
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrea Y Chan
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sara R Holman
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - John W Calvert
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
| | - Ahtesham Ul Haq
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Amy M Nicks
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nawazish Naqvi
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ahsan Husain
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael P Feneley
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert M Graham
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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29
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Wu Y, Lou QY, Ge F, Xiong Q. Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Novel Targets of miR-21 in Zebrafish Embryos. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28642470 PMCID: PMC5481331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs which control gene expression by the suppression of translation or the degradation of mRNAs. Dre-miR-21 (miR-21) has been reported to impact cardiac valvulogenesis in zebrafish embryos. However, the target genes of miR-21 are still largely unknown. Here a tandem isobaric mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic strategy was employed to identify the global profile of miR-21-regulated proteins. A total of 251 proteins were dysregulated after miR-21 knockdown, suggesting that they may be regulated by miR-21. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) participate in various biological processes, suggesting that miR-21 may be involved in diverse cellular pathways. Sixteen DEPs were also predicted to be miR-21 targets by at least two algorithms, and several candidate target genes were selected for further luciferase reporter analysis. The results showed that genes encoding tropomyosin 1 (tpm1) and poly(rC) binding protein 2 (pcbp2) are direct miR-21 targets. Taken together, our results not only reveal a large number of novel miR-21 regulated proteins that possess pleiotropic functions, but also provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of miR-21 regulation of zebrafish cardiac valvulogenesis and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi-Yong Lou
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Feng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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30
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Westfall MV. Contribution of Post-translational Phosphorylation to Sarcomere-Linked Cardiomyopathy Phenotypes. Front Physiol 2016; 7:407. [PMID: 27683560 PMCID: PMC5021686 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary shifts develop in post-translational phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins in multiple animal models of inherited cardiomyopathy. These signaling alterations together with the primary mutation are predicted to contribute to the overall cardiac phenotype. As a result, identification and integration of post-translational myofilament signaling responses are identified as priorities for gaining insights into sarcomeric cardiomyopathies. However, significant questions remain about the nature and contribution of post-translational phosphorylation to structural remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in animal models and human patients. This perspective essay discusses specific goals for filling critical gaps about post-translational signaling in response to these inherited mutations, especially within sarcomeric proteins. The discussion focuses primarily on pre-clinical analysis of animal models and defines challenges and future directions in this field.
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31
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Meyer NL, Chase PB. Role of cardiac troponin I carboxy terminal mobile domain and linker sequence in regulating cardiac contraction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 601:80-7. [PMID: 26971468 PMCID: PMC4899117 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of striated muscle contraction at resting Ca(2+) depends on the C-terminal half of troponin I (TnI) in thin filaments. Much focus has been on a short inhibitory peptide (Ip) sequence within TnI, but structural studies and identification of disease-associated mutations broadened emphasis to include a larger mobile domain (Md) sequence at the C-terminus of TnI. For Md to function effectively in muscle relaxation, tight mechanical coupling to troponin's core-and thus tropomyosin-is presumably needed. We generated recombinant, human cardiac troponins containing one of two TnI constructs: either an 8-amino acid linker between Md and the rest of troponin (cTnILink8), or an Md deletion (cTnI1-163). Motility assays revealed that Ca(2+)-sensitivity of reconstituted thin filament sliding was markedly increased with cTnILink8 (∼0.9 pCa unit leftward shift of speed-pCa relation compared to WT), and increased further when Md was missing entirely (∼1.4 pCa unit shift). Cardiac Tn's ability to turn off filament sliding at diastolic Ca(2+) was mostly (61%), but not completely eliminated with cTnI1-163. TnI's Md is required for full inhibition of unloaded filament sliding, although other portions of troponin-presumably including Ip-are also necessary. We also confirm that TnI's Md is not responsible for superactivation of actomyosin cycling by troponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - P Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological Science and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Bales ND, Johnson NM, Judge DP, Murphy AM. Comprehensive Versus Targeted Genetic Testing in Children with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 37:845-51. [PMID: 26936621 PMCID: PMC4899273 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-016-1358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease of the sarcomere that can be found in both children and adults and is associated with many causative mutations. In children who are not the index case of HCM in their families, current recommendations call only for targeted genetic testing for familial mutations. However, clinical experience suggests that de novo mutations are possible, as are mutations inherited from apparently an unaffected parent. A chart review was conducted of all patients who received HCM genetic testing at Johns Hopkins from 2004 to 2013. In total, 239 patient charts were analyzed for personal and familial genetic findings. Eighty-one patients with sarcomere gene mutations were identified, of which 66 had a clinical diagnosis of HCM. Importantly, eight patients had >1 pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation, including six patients who were diagnosed with HCM as children (18 or younger). In this analysis, when a sarcomere mutation is identified in a family, the likelihood of a child with HCM having >1 mutation is 25 % (6/24), compared to 4.8 % (2/42) for adults. The large number of children with multiple mutations suggests that broad panel rather than targeted genetic testing should be considered in HCM presenting during childhood even if the child is not the index case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Bales
- Johns Hopkins Children's Center M2319, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicole M. Johnson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel P. Judge
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anne M. Murphy
- Johns Hopkins Children's Center M2319, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Taghli-Lamallem O, Plantié E, Jagla K. Drosophila in the Heart of Understanding Cardiac Diseases: Modeling Channelopathies and Cardiomyopathies in the Fruitfly. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3:jcdd3010007. [PMID: 29367558 PMCID: PMC5715700 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and, among them, channelopathies and cardiomyopathies are a major cause of death worldwide. The molecular and genetic defects underlying these cardiac disorders are complex, leading to a large range of structural and functional heart phenotypes. Identification of molecular and functional mechanisms disrupted by mutations causing channelopathies and cardiomyopathies is essential to understanding the link between an altered gene and clinical phenotype. The development of animal models has been proven to be efficient for functional studies in channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. In particular, the Drosophila model has been largely applied for deciphering the molecular and cellular pathways affected in these inherited cardiac disorders and for identifying their genetic modifiers. Here we review the utility and the main contributions of the fruitfly models for the better understanding of channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. We also discuss the investigated pathological mechanisms and the discoveries of evolutionarily conserved pathways which reinforce the value of Drosophila in modeling human cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouarda Taghli-Lamallem
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Emilie Plantié
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Moore JR, Campbell SG, Lehman W. Structural determinants of muscle thin filament cooperativity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 594:8-17. [PMID: 26891592 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
End-to-end connections between adjacent tropomyosin molecules along the muscle thin filament allow long-range conformational rearrangement of the multicomponent filament structure. This process is influenced by Ca(2+) and the troponin regulatory complexes, as well as by myosin crossbridge heads that bind to and activate the filament. Access of myosin crossbridges onto actin is gated by tropomyosin, and in the case of striated muscle filaments, troponin acts as a gatekeeper. The resulting tropomyosin-troponin-myosin on-off switching mechanism that controls muscle contractility is a complex cooperative and dynamic system with highly nonlinear behavior. Here, we review key information that leads us to view tropomyosin as central to the communication pathway that coordinates the multifaceted effectors that modulate and tune striated muscle contraction. We posit that an understanding of this communication pathway provides a framework for more in-depth mechanistic characterization of myopathy-associated mutational perturbations currently under investigation by many research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 018154, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - William Lehman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Walcott S, Kad NM. Direct Measurements of Local Coupling between Myosin Molecules Are Consistent with a Model of Muscle Activation. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004599. [PMID: 26536123 PMCID: PMC4633106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle contracts due to ATP-dependent interactions of myosin motors with thin filaments composed of the proteins actin, troponin, and tropomyosin. Contraction is initiated when calcium binds to troponin, which changes conformation and displaces tropomyosin, a filamentous protein that wraps around the actin filament, thereby exposing myosin binding sites on actin. Myosin motors interact with each other indirectly via tropomyosin, since myosin binding to actin locally displaces tropomyosin and thereby facilitates binding of nearby myosin. Defining and modeling this local coupling between myosin motors is an open problem in muscle modeling and, more broadly, a requirement to understanding the connection between muscle contraction at the molecular and macro scale. It is challenging to directly observe this coupling, and such measurements have only recently been made. Analysis of these data suggests that two myosin heads are required to activate the thin filament. This result contrasts with a theoretical model, which reproduces several indirect measurements of coupling between myosin, that assumes a single myosin head can activate the thin filament. To understand this apparent discrepancy, we incorporated the model into stochastic simulations of the experiments, which generated simulated data that were then analyzed identically to the experimental measurements. By varying a single parameter, good agreement between simulation and experiment was established. The conclusion that two myosin molecules are required to activate the thin filament arises from an assumption, made during data analysis, that the intensity of the fluorescent tags attached to myosin varies depending on experimental condition. We provide an alternative explanation that reconciles theory and experiment without assuming that the intensity of the fluorescent tags varies. Despite decades of study, there is no clear connection between muscle contraction at the molecular and the macroscopic scale. For example, we cannot yet predict how a genetic defect in a muscle protein will result in a physiological change in the heart. This multi-scale understanding is difficult, in part, because molecules cooperate during muscle contraction; that is, one molecule’s behavior is influenced by the behavior of its neighbors. It is difficult to make direct measurements from such coupled molecular systems and also difficult to describe them quantitatively. Despite these obstacles, we recently published experimental measurements and theoretical models of this coupling, but there were apparent discrepancies between the two. Here, we use detailed computer simulations of these experiments to show that, in fact, the measurements agree with the model to a remarkable extent. This agreement suggests that the model captures the essential molecular events that underlie the coupling between muscle molecules. This removes a major obstacle to a multi-scale understanding of muscle contraction and, while more work is necessary, suggests that a connection between the molecular and macroscopic scale is within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Walcott
- Mathematics, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Neil M. Kad
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
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Nag S, Sommese RF, Ujfalusi Z, Combs A, Langer S, Sutton S, Leinwand LA, Geeves MA, Ruppel KM, Spudich JA. Contractility parameters of human β-cardiac myosin with the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation R403Q show loss of motor function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500511. [PMID: 26601291 PMCID: PMC4646805 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most frequently occurring inherited cardiovascular disease. It is caused by mutations in genes encoding the force-generating machinery of the cardiac sarcomere, including human β-cardiac myosin. We present a detailed characterization of the most debated HCM-causing mutation in human β-cardiac myosin, R403Q. Despite numerous studies, most performed with nonhuman or noncardiac myosin, there is no consensus about the mechanism of action of this mutation on the function of the enzyme. We use recombinant human β-cardiac myosin and new methodologies to characterize in vitro contractility parameters of the R403Q myosin compared to wild type. We extend our studies beyond pure actin filaments to include the interaction of myosin with regulated actin filaments containing tropomyosin and troponin. We find that, with pure actin, the intrinsic force generated by R403Q is ~15% lower than that generated by wild type. The unloaded velocity is, however, ~10% higher for R403Q myosin, resulting in a load-dependent velocity curve that has the characteristics of lower contractility at higher external loads compared to wild type. With regulated actin filaments, there is no increase in the unloaded velocity and the contractility of the R403Q myosin is lower than that of wild type at all loads. Unlike that with pure actin, the actin-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity for R403Q myosin with Ca(2+)-regulated actin filaments is ~30% lower than that for wild type, predicting a lower unloaded duty ratio of the motor. Overall, the contractility parameters studied fit with a loss of human β-cardiac myosin contractility as a result of the R403Q mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruth F. Sommese
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zoltan Ujfalusi
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Ariana Combs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Stephen Langer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Shirley Sutton
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leslie A. Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M. Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James A. Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Karabina A, Kazmierczak K, Szczesna-Cordary D, Moore JR. Myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation enhances cardiac β-myosin in vitro motility under load. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 580:14-21. [PMID: 26116789 PMCID: PMC4790447 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and myofibrillar disarray, and often results in sudden cardiac death. Two HCM mutations, N47K and R58Q, are located in the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC). The RLC mechanically stabilizes the myosin lever arm, which is crucial to myosin's ability to transmit contractile force. The N47K and R58Q mutations have previously been shown to reduce actin filament velocity under load, stemming from a more compliant lever arm (Greenberg, 2010). In contrast, RLC phosphorylation was shown to impart stiffness to the myosin lever arm (Greenberg, 2009). We hypothesized that phosphorylation of the mutant HCM-RLC may mitigate distinct mutation-induced structural and functional abnormalities. In vitro motility assays were utilized to investigate the effects of RLC phosphorylation on the HCM-RLC mutant phenotype in the presence of an α-actinin frictional load. Porcine cardiac β-myosin was depleted of its native RLC and reconstituted with mutant or wild-type human RLC in phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated form. Consistent with previous findings, in the presence of load, myosin bearing the HCM mutations reduced actin sliding velocity compared to WT resulting in 31-41% reductions in force production. Myosin containing phosphorylated RLC (WT or mutant) increased sliding velocity and also restored mutant myosin force production to near WT unphosphorylated values. These results point to RLC phosphorylation as a general mechanism to increase force production of the individual myosin motor and as a potential target to ameliorate the HCM-induced phenotype at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Karabina
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Moore
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhao W, Zhao T, Chen Y, Zhao F, Gu Q, Williams RW, Bhattacharya SK, Lu L, Sun Y. A Murine Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Model: The DBA/2J Strain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133132. [PMID: 26241864 PMCID: PMC4524617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is attributed to mutations in genes that encode for the sarcomere proteins, especially Mybpc3 and Myh7. Genotype-phenotype correlation studies show significant variability in HCM phenotypes among affected individuals with identical causal mutations. Morphological changes and clinical expression of HCM are the result of interactions with modifier genes. With the exceptions of angiotensin converting enzyme, these modifiers have not been identified. Although mouse models have been used to investigate the genetics of many complex diseases, natural murine models for HCM are still lacking. In this study we show that the DBA/2J (D2) strain of mouse has sequence variants in Mybpc3 and Myh7, relative to widely used C57BL/6J (B6) reference strain and the key features of human HCM. Four-month-old of male D2 mice exhibit hallmarks of HCM including increased heart weight and cardiomyocyte size relative to B6 mice, as well as elevated markers for cardiac hypertrophy including β-myosin heavy chain (MHC), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and skeletal muscle alpha actin (α1-actin). Furthermore, cardiac interstitial fibrosis, another feature of HCM, is also evident in the D2 strain, and is accompanied by up-regulation of type I collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-markers of fibrosis. Of great interest, blood pressure and cardiac function are within the normal range in the D2 strain, demonstrating that cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are not secondary to hypertension, myocardial infarction, or heart failure. Because D2 and B6 strains have been used to generate a large family of recombinant inbred strains, the BXD cohort, the D2 model can be effectively exploited for in-depth genetic analysis of HCM susceptibility and modifier screens.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/blood
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Blood Pressure
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial/blood
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial/diagnostic imaging
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA/genetics
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Myofibroblasts/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/blood
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Natriuretic Peptides/blood
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Ultrasonography
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee HealthScience Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tieqiang Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee HealthScience Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yuanjian Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee HealthScience Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Fengbo Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee HealthScience Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Syamal K. Bhattacharya
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee HealthScience Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregenertion, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (LL)
| | - Yao Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee HealthScience Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YS); (LL)
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Clay SA, Domeier TL, Hanft LM, McDonald KS, Krenz M. Elevated Ca2+ transients and increased myofibrillar power generation cause cardiac hypercontractility in a model of Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1086-95. [PMID: 25724491 PMCID: PMC4551123 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00501.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) is primarily caused by mutations in the nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 and associated with congenital heart disease in the form of pulmonary valve stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Our goal was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying the development of HCM caused by the Q510E mutation in SHP2. NSML patients carrying this mutation suffer from a particularly severe form of HCM. Drawing parallels to other, more common forms of HCM, we hypothesized that altered Ca(2+) homeostasis and/or sarcomeric mechanical properties play key roles in the pathomechanism. We used transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific expression of Q510E-SHP2 starting before birth. Mice develop neonatal onset HCM with increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening at 4-6 wk of age. To assess Ca(2+) handling, isolated cardiomyocytes were loaded with fluo-4. Q510E-SHP2 expression increased Ca(2+) transient amplitudes during excitation-contraction coupling and increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content concurrent with increased expression of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. In skinned cardiomyocyte preparations from Q510E-SHP2 mice, force-velocity relationships and power-load curves were shifted upward. The peak power-generating capacity was increased approximately twofold. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the relative intracellular area occupied by sarcomeres was increased in Q510E-SHP2 cardiomyocytes. Triton X-100-based myofiber purification showed that Q510E-SHP2 increased the amount of sarcomeric proteins assembled into myofibers. In summary, Q510E-SHP2 expression leads to enhanced contractile performance early in disease progression by augmenting intracellular Ca(2+) cycling and increasing the number of power-generating sarcomeres. This gives important new insights into the cellular pathomechanisms of Q510E-SHP2-associated HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Clay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology/Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology/Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Laurin M Hanft
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology/Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kerry S McDonald
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology/Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology/Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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41
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Ait Mou Y, Bollensdorff C, Cazorla O, Magdi Y, de Tombe PP. Exploring cardiac biophysical properties. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2015; 2015:10. [PMID: 26779498 PMCID: PMC4448074 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is subject to multiple sources of stress. To maintain its normal function, and successfully overcome these stresses, heart muscle is equipped with fine-tuned regulatory mechanisms. Some of these mechanisms are inherent within the myocardium itself and are known as intrinsic mechanisms. Over a century ago, Otto Frank and Ernest Starling described an intrinsic mechanism by which the heart, even ex vivo, regulates its function on a beat-to-beat basis. According to this phenomenon, the higher the ventricular filling is, the bigger the stroke volume. Thus, the Frank-Starling law establishes a direct relationship between the diastolic and systolic function of the heart. To observe this biophysical phenomenon and to investigate it, technologic development has been a pre-requisite to scientific knowledge. It allowed for example to observe, at the cellular level, a Frank-Starling like mechanism and has been termed: Length Dependent Activation (LDA). In this review, we summarize some experimental systems that have been developed and are currently still in use to investigate cardiac biophysical properties from the whole heart down to the single myofibril. As a scientific support, investigation of the Frank-Starling mechanism will be used as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younss Ait Mou
- Qatar Cardiovascular Research Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Olivier Cazorla
- U1046 INSERM - UMR9214 CNRS- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yacoub Magdi
- Qatar Cardiovascular Research Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Heath Science Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153
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Coppini R, Ho CY, Ashley E, Day S, Ferrantini C, Girolami F, Tomberli B, Bardi S, Torricelli F, Cecchi F, Mugelli A, Poggesi C, Tardiff J, Olivotto I. Clinical phenotype and outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with thin-filament gene mutations. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 64:2589-2600. [PMID: 25524337 PMCID: PMC4270453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Mild hypertrophy but increased arrhythmic risk characterizes the stereotypic phenotype proposed for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) caused by thin-filament mutations. However, whether such clinical profile is different from more prevalent thick-filament–associated disease is unresolved. Objectives This study aimed to assess clinical features and outcomes in a large cohort of patients with HCM associated with thin-filament mutations compared with thick-filament HCM. Methods Adult HCM patients (age >18 years), 80 with thin-filament and 150 with thick-filament mutations, were followed for an average of 4.5 years. Results Compared with thick-filament HCM, patients with thin-filament mutations showed: 1) milder and atypically distributed left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (maximal wall thickness 18 ± 5 mm vs. 24 ± 6 mm; p < 0.001) and less prevalent outflow tract obstruction (19% vs. 34%; p = 0.015); 2) higher rate of progression to New York Heart Association functional class III or IV (15% vs. 5%; p = 0.013); 3) higher prevalence of systolic dysfunction or restrictive LV filling at last evaluation (20% vs. 9%; p = 0.038); 4) 2.4-fold increase in prevalence of triphasic LV filling pattern (26% vs. 11%; p = 0.002); and 5) similar rates of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (p = 0.593). Conclusions In adult HCM patients, thin-filament mutations are associated with increased likelihood of advanced LV dysfunction and heart failure compared with thick-filament disease, whereas arrhythmic risk in both subsets is comparable. Triphasic LV filling is particularly common in thin-filament HCM, reflecting profound diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Coppini
- Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Carolyn Y Ho
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Euan Ashley
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Sharlene Day
- University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Benedetta Tomberli
- Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Bardi
- Genetics Unit; Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Franco Cecchi
- Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mugelli
- Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jil Tardiff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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43
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Desai R, Geeves MA, Kad NM. Using fluorescent myosin to directly visualize cooperative activation of thin filaments. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1915-25. [PMID: 25429108 PMCID: PMC4303648 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.609743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraction of striated muscle is tightly regulated by the release and sequestration of calcium within myocytes. At the molecular level, calcium modulates myosin's access to the thin filament. Once bound, myosin is hypothesized to potentiate the binding of further myosins. Here, we directly image single molecules of myosin binding to and activating thin filaments. Using this approach, the cooperative binding of myosin along thin filaments has been quantified. We have found that two myosin heads are required to laterally activate a regulatory unit of thin filament. The regulatory unit is found to be capable of accommodating 11 additional myosins. Three thin filament activation states possessing differential myosin binding capacities are also visible. To describe this system, we have formulated a simple chemical kinetic model of cooperative activation that holds across a wide range of solution conditions. The stochastic nature of activation is strongly highlighted by data obtained in sub-optimal activation conditions where the generation of activation waves and their catastrophic collapse can be observed. This suggests that the thin filament has the potential to be turned fully on or off in a binary fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Desai
- From the School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Geeves
- From the School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Neil M Kad
- From the School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
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44
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Puglisi JL, Goldspink PH, Gomes AV, Utter MS, Bers DM, Solaro RJ. Influence of a constitutive increase in myofilament Ca(2+)-sensitivity on Ca(2+)-fluxes and contraction of mouse heart ventricular myocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 552-553:50-9. [PMID: 24480308 PMCID: PMC4043955 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic increases in myofilament Ca(2+)-sensitivity in the heart are known to alter gene expression potentially modifying Ca(2+)-homeostasis and inducing arrhythmias. We tested age-dependent effects of a chronic increase in myofilament Ca(2+)-sensitivity on induction of altered alter gene expression and activity of Ca(2+) transport systems in cardiac myocytes. Our approach was to determine the relative contributions of the major mechanisms responsible for restoring Ca(2+) to basal levels in field stimulated ventricular myocytes. Comparisons were made from ventricular myocytes isolated from non-transgenic (NTG) controls and transgenic mice expressing the fetal, slow skeletal troponin I (TG-ssTnI) in place of cardiac TnI (cTnI). Replacement of cTnI by ssTnI induces an increase in myofilament Ca(2+)-sensitivity. Comparisons included myocytes from relatively young (5-7months) and older mice (11-13months). Employing application of caffeine in normal Tyrode and in 0Na(+) 0Ca(2+) solution, we were able to dissect the contribution of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump (SR Ca(2+)-ATPase), the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), and "slow mechanisms" representing the activity of the sarcolemmal Ca(2+) pump and the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter. The relative contribution of the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase to restoration of basal Ca(2+) levels in younger TG-ssTnI myocytes was lower than in NTG (81.12±2.8% vs 92.70±1.02%), but the same in the older myocytes. Younger and older NTG myocytes demonstrated similar contributions from the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase and NCX to restoration of basal Ca(2+). However, the slow mechanisms for Ca(2+) removal were increased in the older NTG (3.4±0.3%) vs the younger NTG myocytes (1.4±0.1%). Compared to NTG, younger TG-ssTnI myocytes demonstrated a significantly bigger contribution of the NCX (16±2.7% in TG vs 6.9±0.9% in NTG) and slow mechanisms (3.3±0.4% in TG vs 1.4±0.1% in NTG). In older TG-ssTnI myocytes the contributions were not significantly different from NTG (NCX: 4.9±0.6% in TG vs 5.5±0.7% in NTG; slow mechanisms: 2.5±0.3% in TG vs 3.4±0.3% in NTG). Our data indicate that constitutive increases in myofilament Ca(2+)-sensitivity alter the relative significance of the NCX transport system involved in Ca(2+)-homeostasis only in a younger group of mice. This modification may be of significance in early changes in altered gene expression and electrical stability hearts with increased myofilament Ca-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Puglisi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Paul H Goldspink
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Megan S Utter
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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45
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Lehrer SS, Geeves MA. The myosin-activated thin filament regulatory state, M − -open: a link to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2014; 35:153-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-014-9383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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46
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Schlecht W, Zhou Z, Li KL, Rieck D, Ouyang Y, Dong WJ. FRET study of the structural and kinetic effects of PKC phosphomimetic cardiac troponin T mutants on thin filament regulation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 550-551:1-11. [PMID: 24708997 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
FRET was used to investigate the structural and kinetic effects that PKC phosphorylations exert on Ca(2+) and myosin subfragment-1 dependent conformational transitions of the cardiac thin filament. PKC phosphorylations of cTnT were mimicked by glutamate substitution. Ca(2+) and S1-induced distance changes between the central linker of cTnC and the switch region of cTnI (cTnI-Sr) were monitored in reconstituted thin filaments using steady state and time resolved FRET, while kinetics of structural transitions were determined using stopped flow. Thin filament Ca(2+) sensitivity was found to be significantly blunted by the presence of the cTnT(T204E) mutant, whereas pseudo-phosphorylation at additional sites increased the Ca(2+)-sensitivity. The rate of Ca(2+)-dissociation induced structural changes was decreased in the C-terminal end of cTnI-Sr in the presence of pseudo-phosphorylations while remaining unchanged at the N-terminal end of this region. Additionally, the distance between cTnI-Sr and cTnC was decreased significantly for the triple and quadruple phosphomimetic mutants cTnT(T195E/S199E/T204E) and cTnT(T195E/S199E/T204E/T285E), which correlated with the Ca(2+)-sensitivity increase seen in these same mutants. We conclude that significant changes in thin filament Ca(2+)-sensitivity, structure and kinetics are brought about through PKC phosphorylation of cTnT. These changes can either decrease or increase Ca(2+)-sensitivity and likely play an important role in cardiac regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Schlecht
- The Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Zhiqun Zhou
- The Department of Integrated Neuroscience and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - King-Lun Li
- The Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Daniel Rieck
- The Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yexin Ouyang
- The Department of Integrated Neuroscience and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Wen-Ji Dong
- The Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; The Department of Integrated Neuroscience and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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47
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Jian Z, Han H, Zhang T, Puglisi J, Izu LT, Shaw JA, Onofiok E, Erickson JR, Chen YJ, Horvath B, Shimkunas R, Xiao W, Li Y, Pan T, Chan J, Banyasz T, Tardiff JC, Chiamvimonvat N, Bers DM, Lam KS, Chen-Izu Y. Mechanochemotransduction during cardiomyocyte contraction is mediated by localized nitric oxide signaling. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra27. [PMID: 24643800 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes contract against a mechanical load during each heartbeat, and excessive mechanical stress leads to heart diseases. Using a cell-in-gel system that imposes an afterload during cardiomyocyte contraction, we found that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was involved in transducing mechanical load to alter Ca(2+) dynamics. In mouse ventricular myocytes, afterload increased the systolic Ca(2+) transient, which enhanced contractility to counter mechanical load but also caused spontaneous Ca(2+) sparks during diastole that could be arrhythmogenic. The increases in the Ca(2+) transient and sparks were attributable to increased ryanodine receptor (RyR) sensitivity because the amount of Ca2(+) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum load was unchanged. Either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of nNOS (or NOS1), but not of eNOS (or NOS3), prevented afterload-induced Ca2(+) sparks. This differential effect may arise from localized NO signaling, arising from the proximity of nNOS to RyR, as determined by super-resolution imaging. Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) also contributed to afterload-induced Ca(2+) sparks. Cardiomyocytes from a mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy exhibited enhanced mechanotransduction and frequent arrhythmogenic Ca(2+) sparks. Inhibiting nNOS and CaMKII, but not NOX2, in cardiomyocytes from this model eliminated the Ca2(+) sparks, suggesting mechanotransduction activated nNOS and CaMKII independently from NOX2. Thus, our data identify nNOS, CaMKII, and NOX2 as key mediators in mechanochemotransduction during cardiac contraction, which provides new therapeutic targets for treating mechanical stress-induced Ca(2+) dysregulation, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Jian
- 1Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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48
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Fujiu K, Nagai R. Fibroblast-mediated pathways in cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 70:64-73. [PMID: 24492068 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, cardiac fibroblasts are the primary producers of extracellular matrix and supply a mechanical scaffold for efficacious heart contractions induced by cardiomyocytes. In the hypertrophic heart, cardiac fibroblasts provide a pivotal contribution to cardiac remodeling. Many growth factors and extracellular matrix components secreted by cardiac fibroblasts induce and modify cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Recent evidence revealed that cardiomyocyte-cardiac fibroblast communications are complex and multifactorial. Many growth factors and molecules contribute to cardiac hypertrophy via different roles that include induction of hypertrophy and the feedback hypertrophic response, fine-tuning of adaptive hypertrophy, limitation of left ventricular dilation, and modification of interstitial changes. This review focuses on recent work and topics and provides a mechanistic insight into cardiomyocyte-cardiac fibroblast communication in cardiac hypertrophy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Myocyte-Fibroblast Signalling in Myocardium ".
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program), Tokyo, Japan; Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
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49
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Sequeira V, Witjas-Paalberends ER, Kuster DWD, van der Velden J. Cardiac myosin-binding protein C: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations and structure-function relationships. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:201-6. [PMID: 24240729 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) research has been characterized by two waves. Initial interest was piqued by its discovery in 1973 as a contaminant of myosin preparations from skeletal muscle. The second wave started in 1995 by the discovery that mutations in the gene encoding cMyBP-C cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In this review, we will address what is known of cMyBP-C's role as a regulator of contraction as well as its role in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Sequeira V, Nijenkamp LLAM, Regan JA, van der Velden J. The physiological role of cardiac cytoskeleton and its alterations in heart failure. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:700-22. [PMID: 23860255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle cells are equipped with specialized biochemical machineries for the rapid generation of force and movement central to the work generated by the heart. During each heart beat cardiac muscle cells perceive and experience changes in length and load, which reflect one of the fundamental principles of physiology known as the Frank-Starling law of the heart. Cardiac muscle cells are unique mechanical stretch sensors that allow the heart to increase cardiac output, and adjust it to new physiological and pathological situations. In the present review we discuss the mechano-sensory role of the cytoskeletal proteins with respect to their tight interaction with the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix. The role of contractile thick and thin filament proteins, the elastic protein titin, and their anchorage at the Z-disc and M-band, with associated proteins are reviewed in physiologic and pathologic conditions leading to heart failure. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Sequeira
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louise L A M Nijenkamp
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica A Regan
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, The Netherlands.
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