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Gavriliev S, Petrova T, Miklyaev P, Karfidova E. Predicting radon flux density from soil surface using machine learning and GIS data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166348. [PMID: 37591399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Several machine learning algorithms including artificial neural networks (ANN), random forest (RF) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) were used to construct a radon flux density (RFD) map of Moscow for the purpose of finding which one of them would be the best for radon delineation. Predictors used included geological soil classes for quaternary and some pre-quaternary sediment types, elevations of quaternary and pre-quaternary layers, 226Ra content in soil, ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER), distances to geodynamically active zones and lineaments. Training of the models was performed using previously collected radon flux density data from approximately ten thousand of measurements over 756 sites. ANN and RF algorithms produced the best maps with high correlation coefficients and low mean squared error, while MARS failed to get a high correlation coefficient and low mean squared error. Predictions made using RF were found to be more conservative due to higher prediction values of RFD, while those made using ANN were likely more realistic in their prediction value distribution, leading to the conclusion that RF is better for the purposes of delineation, while ANN is better for predicting average RFD values. Based on the constructed maps, the main factors affecting the flow of radon in the city were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhaiaan Gavriliev
- Radiochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation; Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana Petrova
- Radiochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Petr Miklyaev
- Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation; STC for Radiation and Chemical Safety and Hygiene, FMBA, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Karfidova
- Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Rani S, Kundu RS, Garg VK, Singh B, Panghal A, Dilbaghi N. Radon and thoron exhalation rate in the soil of Western Haryana, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:523. [PMID: 36988758 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the exhalation rates of radon and thoron from surface soil collected from 60 rural sites of district Hisar, Haryana, India. The exhalation rates of Rn222 (radon) and Rn220 (thoron) were measured by portable SMART RnDuo (AQTEK SYSTEMS) using a mass accumulation chamber which was equipped with a scintillation material-coated cell. Dose rates due to natural gamma radiations ranged from 0.526 to 1.139 mSv y-1. The Rn222 mass exhalation rate in soil samples varied from 0.14 to 94.65 mBq kg-1 h-1. Thoron surface exhalation rates ranged from 46.42 to 619.88 Bq m-2 h-1. This study gives an idea about the differences in Rn222 and Rn220 exhalation at different locations which may be due to variations in geological features of the locations and characteristics of the topsoil. The findings show that usage of study area soil as building material is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakuntala Rani
- Department of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Rajender Singh Kundu
- Department of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Garg
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Balvinder Singh
- Department of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
- Centre for Radioecology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Amanjeet Panghal
- Department of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Centre for Radioecology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
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Effect of moisture content on the 222Rn mass exhalation rates for different grain-size samples of red brick and cement mortar used in Qena city, Egypt. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang H, Fang X, Du F, Tan B, Zhang L, Li Y, Xu C. Three-dimensional distribution and oxidation degree analysis of coal gangue dump fire area: A case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145606. [PMID: 33770898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous combustion of coal gangue dumps poses a significant threat to the health and safety of nearby residents and has adverse effects on the environment. The establishment of measures to extinguish these fires requires information on the three-dimensional characteristics and oxidation degree of the dumps. An acquisition method for the index data was proposed. The temperature and the radon concentration were used as the principal indicators, and the gas concentration was a secondary index for verifying the results. Kriging interpolation was applied to predict the value of the unsampled points. Additionally, the three-dimensional characteristics of the temperature and radon anomalies were determined, thresholds were set, and the changes in the temperature and radon migration were considered to estimate the extent and depth of the fire in the coal gangue dumps. The oxidation degree of the anomalous area was identified according to the critical value of the temperature and radon anomalies. The application of this method in the gangue dump of the Tashan coal mine showed the existence of 17 oxidation areas, covering an area of 31,433 m2, including 4 shallow oxidation areas, 4 deep oxidation areas in coal waste dumps, and 9 medium-deep oxidation areas. According to the decision criterion, 4 areas with relatively high oxidation degree were identified, whereas the remaining sites were low-oxidation areas. Additionally, surface fires and internal fires can be transformed into each other, posing a significant threat. The results obtained from the various data sources were consistent and in agreement with the ground survey results, indicating that the proposed method is effective for the detection of fires in coal gangue dumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiyang Fang
- China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precise Mining of Intergrown Energy and Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Feng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precise Mining of Intergrown Energy and Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China.
| | - Bo Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precise Mining of Intergrown Energy and Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lang Zhang
- Mine Safety Technology Branch of China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanchuan Li
- China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precise Mining of Intergrown Energy and Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changfu Xu
- Mine Safety Technology Branch of China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Long-Term Measurements of Radon and Thoron Exhalation Rates from the Ground Using the Vertical Distributions of Their Activity Concentrations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041489. [PMID: 33557427 PMCID: PMC7915545 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A long-term measurement technique of radon exhalation rate was previously developed using a passive type radon and thoron discriminative monitor and a ventilated type accumulation chamber. In the present study, this technique was applied to evaluate the thoron exhalation rate as well, and long-term measurements of radon and thoron exhalation rates were conducted for four years in Gifu Prefecture. The ventilated type accumulation chamber (0.8 × 0.8 × 1.0 m3) with an open bottom was embedded 15 cm into the ground. The vertical distributions of radon and thoron activity concentrations from the ground were obtained using passive type radon-thoron discriminative monitors (RADUETs). The RADUETs were placed at 1, 3, 10, 30, and 80 cm above the ground inside the accumulation chamber. The measurements were conducted from autumn 2014 to autumn 2018. These long-term results were found to be in good agreement with the values obtained by another methodology. The radon exhalation rates from the ground showed a clearly seasonal variation. Similar to findings of previous studies, radon exhalation rates from summer to autumn were relatively higher than those from winter to spring. In contrast, thoron exhalation rates were not found to show seasonal variation.
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Gavriliev S, Petrova T, Miklyaev P, Nefedov N. VARIATIONS IN SOIL RADON LEVELS DURING WINTER AND SPRING PERIODS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2020; 191:250-254. [PMID: 33120414 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radon poses significant health risk due to inhalation and subsequent α-decay of its progeny and is the second biggest cause of lung cancer worldwide. In Russian Federation, radon flux density (RFD) measurements are performed routinely to assess radon safety of land lots before construction takes place. This study aims to show possible 'weather'-influenced variations in RFD and radon activity concentration (RAC) that can occur during winter and spring periods in climatic conditions typical for territories with severe snowy winters. Results show that RFD correlates with weather, having a significant correlation with ambient air temperature in winter as well as spring periods and a weak inverse correlation with wind speed. In spring, RFD also responds to an increase in soil moisture, dropping severely because of rainfall. RAC, however, correlates very little with weather but has a weak inverse correlation with RFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhayaan Gavriliev
- Radiochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, MSU, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Petrova
- Radiochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, MSU, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr Miklyaev
- Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, RAS, Ulanskiy per. 13-2, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Nefedov
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise Research and Technical Center of Radiation-Chemical Safety and Hygiene, Shchukinskaya ul. 40, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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Yang J, Buchsteiner M, Salvamoser J, Irlinger J, Guo Q, Tschiersch J. RADON EXHALATION FROM SOIL AND ITS DEPENDENCE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 177:21-25. [PMID: 29036460 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An automatic measuring apparatus called exhalometer for measurement of the radon exhalation rate from soil is introduced. It consists of a pneumatic driven accumulation chamber with an open bottom, a PC-based control system, six Lucas cells for radon measurement and sensors for environmental parameters. It allows moving the accumulation chamber and hereby opening or closing it. The exhalation rate is determined through the increase of radon in the accumulation chamber. For studying exhalation and the affecting factors, the exhalometer was placed at an undisturbed meadow for the entire year of 2015. The daily radon exhalation rate ranges from 2.5 to 50.7 Bq m-2 h-1 with an average of 25.3 Bq m-2 h-1. The exhalation rate shows daily and seasonal variations with its maximum in the afternoon and in spring. The dependence on several environmental parameters is discussed. The stable performance indicates the system's fitness for long-term measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Institute of Radiation Protection, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Buchsteiner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Institute of Radiation Protection, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Josef Salvamoser
- Institut für Angewandte Isotopen-, Gas- und Umweltuntersuchungen, 82237 Wörthsee, Germany
| | - Josef Irlinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Institute of Radiation Protection, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Qiuju Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jochen Tschiersch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Institute of Radiation Protection, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Sas Z, Szántó J, Kovács J, Somlai J, Kovács T. Influencing effect of heat-treatment on radon emanation and exhalation characteristic of red mud. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 148:27-32. [PMID: 26093854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of industrial by-products is important for members of numerous industrial sectors. However, though the benefits of reuse are evident from an economical point of view, some compounds in these materials can have a negative effect on users' health. In this study, the radon emanation and exhalation features of red mud were surveyed using heat-treatment (100-1200 °C). As a result of the 1200°C-treated samples, massic radon exhalation capacity reduced from 75 ± 10 mBq kg(-1) h(-1) to 7 ± 4 mBq kg(-1) h(-1), approximately 10% of the initial exhalation rate. To find an explanation for internal structural changes, the porosity features of the heat-treated samples were also investigated. It was found that the cumulative pore volume reduced significantly in less than 100 nm, which can explain the reduced massic exhalation capacity in the high temperature treated range mentioned above. SEM snapshots were taken of the surfaces of the samples as visual evidence for superficial morphological changes. It was found that the surface of the high temperature treated samples had changed, proving the decrement of open pores on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Sas
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, POB. 158., H-8201, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - János Szántó
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, POB. 158., H-8201, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - János Kovács
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, POB. 158., H-8201, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - János Somlai
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, POB. 158., H-8201, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, POB. 158., H-8201, Veszprém, Hungary.
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Alharbi SH, Akber RA. Radon and thoron concentrations in public workplaces in Brisbane, Australia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 144:69-76. [PMID: 25827573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Radon and thoron are radioactive gases that can emanate from soil and building materials, and it can accumulate in indoor environments. The concentrations of radon and thoron in the air from various workplace categories in Brisbane, Australia were measured using an active method. The average radon and thoron concentrations for all workplace categories were 10.5 ± 11.3 and 8.2 ± 1.4 Bq m(-3), respectively. The highest radon concentration was detected in a confined area, 86.6 ± 6.0 Bq m(-3), while the maximum thoron level was found in a storage room, 78.1 ± 14.0 Bq m(-3). At each site, the concentrations of radon and thoron were measured at two heights, 5 cm and 120 cm above the floor. The effect of the measurement heights on the concentration level was significant in the case of thoron. The monitoring of radon and thoron concentrations showed a lower radon concentration during work hours than at other times of the day. This can be attributed to the ventilation systems, including the air conditioner and natural ventilation, which normally operate during work hours. The diurnal variation was less observed in the case of thoron, as the change in its concentration during and after the working hours was insignificant. The study also investigated the influence of the floor level and flooring type on indoor radon and thoron concentrations. The elevated levels of radon and thoron were largely found in basements and ground floor levels and in rooms with concrete flooring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami H Alharbi
- School of Physics and Chemical Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Riaz A Akber
- School of Physics and Chemical Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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Kumar M, Agrawal A, Kumar R. Study of radon, thoron and their progeny levels in indoor environment of Firozabad city in U.P., India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kovács T, Sas Z, Somlai J, Jobbágy V, Szeiler G. Radiological investigation of the effects of red mud disaster. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 152:76-79. [PMID: 22914336 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
On 4 October 2010, the gate of a red mud waste dump of a Hungarian alumina factory was damaged and ∼800.000 m(3) of alkaline red mud flooded the vicinity of the dumps. Red mud samples were collected from the contaminated area and they were investigated from the radiological point of view. The activity concentrations were as follows: (232)Th: 264 (194-337) Bq kg(-1), (238)U: 265 (197-332) Bq kg(-1), (226)Ra: 180 (143-237) Bq kg(-1), (40)K: 283 (228-360) Bq kg(-1). As a function of the moisture content (0-28 %), the obtained radon emanation coefficients were relatively high (7.6-20 %) and, consequently, the radon exhalation also increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, PO Box 158, Veszprém H-8201, Hungary.
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Espinosa G, Chavarria A, Golzarri JI. A study of indoor radon in greenhouses in Mexico City, Mexico. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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