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Qin H, Guo J, Jin Y, Li Z, Chen J, Bie Z, Luo C, Peng F, Yan D, Kong Q, Liang F, Zhang H, Hu X, Cui R, Cui X. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome provides insights into the mechanisms of leaf variegation in Heliopsis helianthoides. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:731. [PMID: 39085772 PMCID: PMC11290119 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the field of ornamental horticulture, phenotypic mutations, particularly in leaf color, are of great interest due to their potential in developing new plant varieties. The introduction of variegated leaf traits in plants like Heliopsis helianthoides, a perennial herbaceous species with ecological adaptability, provides a rich resource for molecular breeding and research on pigment metabolism and photosynthesis. We aimed to explore the mechanism of leaf variegation of Heliopsis helianthoides (using HY2021F1-0915 variegated mutant named HY, and green-leaf control check named CK in 2020 April, May and June) by analyzing the transcriptome and metabolome. RESULTS Leaf color and physiological parameters were found to be significantly different between HY and CK types. Chlorophyll content of HY was lower than that of CK samples. Combined with the result of Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), 26 consistently downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in HY compared to CK subtypes. Among the DEGs, 9 genes were verified to be downregulated in HY than CK by qRT-PCR. The reduction of chlorophyll content in HY might be due to the downregulation of FSD2. Low expression level of PFE2, annotated as ferritin-4, might also contribute to the interveinal chlorosis of HY. Based on metabolome data, differential metabolites (DEMs) between HY and CK samples were significantly enriched on ABC transporters in three months. By integrating DEGs and DEMs, they were enriched on carotenoids pathway. Downregulation of four carotenoid pigments might be one of the reasons for HY's light color. CONCLUSION FSD2 and PFE2 (ferritin-4) were identified as key genes which likely contribute to the reduced chlorophyll content and interveinal chlorosis observed in HY. The differential metabolites were significantly enriched in ABC transporters. Carotenoid biosynthesis pathway was highlighted with decreased pigments in HY individuals. These findings not only enhance our understanding of leaf variegation mechanisms but also offer valuable insights for future plant breeding strategies aimed at preserving and enhancing variegated-leaf traits in ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helan Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding/Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Jia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding/Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yingshan Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding/Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Zijing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding/Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Ju Chen
- Beijing Florascape Co., Ltd, No.2 Wenxing Dong Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhengwei Bie
- Beijing Qunfangpu Horticulture Co., Ltd, No.19 Madian East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Chunyu Luo
- Beijing Lv Xing Landscaping Co., Ltd, Zhangjiawan Town, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101117, China
| | - Feitong Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding/Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Dongyan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding/Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Qinggang Kong
- Beijing Florascape Co., Ltd, No.2 Wenxing Dong Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding/Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding/Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xuefan Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding/Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Rongfeng Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding/Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xiuna Cui
- Beijing Florascape Co., Ltd, No.2 Wenxing Dong Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
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Zhao Y, Wang S, Ma X, He Y, Zhou J, Jiao S, Xun J, Kong X, Wu X, Bai X. GmANKTM21 Positively Regulates Drought Tolerance and Enhanced Stomatal Response through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6972. [PMID: 39000082 PMCID: PMC11241039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the significant abiotic stresses that limit soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) growth and production. Ankyrin repeat (ANK) proteins, being highly conserved, occupy a pivotal role in diverse biological processes. ANK genes were classified into nine subfamilies according to conserved domains in the soybean genome. However, the function of ANK-TM subfamily proteins (Ankyrin repeat proteins with a transmembrane domain) in the abiotic-stress response to soybean remains poorly understood. In this study, we first demonstrated the subcellular localization of GmANKTM21 in the cell membrane and nucleus. Drought stress-induced mRNA levels of GmANKTM21, which encodes proteins belonging to the ANK-TM subfamily, Transgenic 35S:GmANKTM21 soybean improved drought tolerance at the germination and seedling stages, with higher stomatal closure in soybean, lower water loss, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and less reactive oxygen species (ROS) production compared with the wild-type soybean (Dongnong50). RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and RT-qPCR analysis of differentially expressed transcripts in overexpression of GmANKTM21 further identified potential downstream genes, including GmSPK2, GmSPK4, and GmCYP707A1, which showed higher expression in transgenic soybean, than those in wild-type soybean and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that MAPK signaling pathways were mostly enriched in GmANKTM21 overexpressing soybean plants under drought stress conditions. Therefore, we demonstrate that GmANKTM21 plays an important role in tolerance to drought stress in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yu He
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuang Jiao
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jianing Xun
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kong
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xi Bai
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150001, China
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Basharat S, Ahmad F, Hameed M, Ahmad MSA, Asghar A, Fatima S, Ahmad KS, Shah SMR, Hashem A, Avila-Quezada GD, Abd_Allah EF, Abbas Z. Structural and Functional Strategies in Cenchrus Species to Combat Environmental Extremities Imposed by Multiple Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:203. [PMID: 38256756 PMCID: PMC10818359 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Multiple abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat, and cold stress prevailing in natural habitats affect plant growth and development. Different species modify their structural and functional traits to combat these abiotic stresses while growing in stressful environments. Cenchrus species, i.e., Cenchrus pennisetiformis, C. setiger, and C. prieurii are widely distributed grasses found growing all over the world. Samples from natural populations were collected from different ecological regions in the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa that were exposed to aridity, salinity, and cold, while one site was designated as normal control. In the present study, structural and functional modifications of three Cenchrus species under abiotic stresses were evaluated. It was expected that each Cenchrus species may evolve different strategies to cope with multiple abiotic stresses. All Cenchrus species responded differently whether growing in normal environment or stressful conditions. The most remarkable feature for survival in C. pennisetiformis under cold stress was increased inflorescence and increased stem and root lignification. C. prieurii showed better tolerance to saline and cold environments. C. setiger showed better development of leaf sheath anatomical traits. The structural and functional modifications in Cenchrus species such as development of mechanical tissues provided structural support, while dermal and parenchymatous tissues increased water storage capacity and minimized water loss. An increase in the concentration of organic osmolytes and ionic content aids turgor pressure maintenance and ionic content crucial for plant growth and development. It was concluded that structural and functional alterations in all Cenchrus species were very specific and critical for survival under different environmental stresses. The ecological fitness of these species relied on maintenance of growth and biomass production, and the development of mechanical, vascular, dermal and parenchyma tissues under stressful environmental conditions. Moreover, accumulation of beneficial ions (K+ and Ca2+) and organic osmolytes were critical in turgor maintenance, hence survival of Cenchrus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Basharat
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.B.); (F.A.); (M.H.); (M.S.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.B.); (F.A.); (M.H.); (M.S.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.B.); (F.A.); (M.H.); (M.S.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.B.); (F.A.); (M.H.); (M.S.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ansa Asghar
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.B.); (F.A.); (M.H.); (M.S.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Sana Fatima
- Department of Botany, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Mohsan Raza Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54700, Pakistan;
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 1451, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zaheer Abbas
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54700, Pakistan;
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Physiological and Antioxidant Response to Different Water Deficit Regimes of Flag Leaves and Ears of Wheat Grown under Combined Elevated CO2 and High Temperature. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182384. [PMID: 36145784 PMCID: PMC9504337 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gazul is a spring wheat widely cultivated in Castilla y León (Spain). Potted plants were grown in a scenario emulating the climate change environmental conditions expected by the end of this century, i.e., with elevated CO2 and high temperature under two water deficit regimes: long (LWD) and terminal (TWD). Changes in biomass and morphology, the content of proline (Pro), ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), and enzymatic antioxidant activities were analyzed in flag leaves and ears. Additionally, leaf gas exchange was measured. LWD caused a decrease in biomass and AsA content but an increase in Pro content and catalase and GSH reductase activities in flag leaves, whereas TWD produced no significant changes. Photosynthesis was enhanced under both water deficit regimes. Increase in superoxide dismutase activity and Pro content was only observed in ears under TWD. The lack of a more acute effect of LWD and TWD on both organs was attributed to the ROS relieving effect of elevated CO2. Gazul acted as a drought tolerant variety with anisohydric behavior. A multifactorial analysis showed better adaptation of ears to water deficit than flag leaves, underlining the importance of this finding for breeding programs to improve grain yield under future climate change.
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Yang X, Wang J, Mao X, Li C, Li L, Xue Y, He L, Jing R. A Locus Controlling Leaf Rolling Degree in Wheat under Drought Stress Identified by Bulked Segregant Analysis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162076. [PMID: 36015380 PMCID: PMC9414355 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress frequently occurs, which seriously restricts the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Leaf rolling is a typical physiological phenomenon of plants during drought stress. To understand the genetic mechanism of wheat leaf rolling, we constructed an F2 segregating population by crossing the slight-rolling wheat cultivar “Aikang 58” (AK58) with the serious-rolling wheat cultivar ″Zhongmai 36″ (ZM36). A combination of bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with Wheat 660K SNP Array was used to identify molecular markers linked to leaf rolling degree. A major locus for leaf rolling degree under drought stress was detected on chromosome 7A. We named this locus LEAF ROLLING DEGREE 1 (LERD1), which was ultimately mapped to a region between 717.82 and 720.18 Mb. Twenty-one genes were predicted in this region, among which the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor TraesCS7A01G543300 was considered to be the most likely candidate gene for LERD1. The TraesCS7A01G543300 is highly homologous to the Arabidopsis ICE1 family proteins ICE/SCREAM, SCREAM2 and bHLH093, which control stomatal initiation and development. Two nucleotide variation sites were detected in the promoter region of TraesCS7A01G543300 between the two wheat cultivars. Gene expression assays indicated that TraesCS7A01G543300 was higher expressed in AK58 seedlings than that of ZM36. This research discovered a candidate gene related to wheat leaf rolling under drought stress, which may be helpful for understanding the leaf rolling mechanism and molecular breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinghong Xue
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liheng He
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (R.J.)
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (R.J.)
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