ABCA1 C69T gene polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Saudi population

ABCA1 C69T Gene Polymorphism Association with Dysglycemia in Saudi Prediabetic Adults

Studies suggest that ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1 C69T) polymorphism is associated with a decreased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and that there is an association between ABCA1 C69T polymorphism and the risk of dyslipidemia in diabetic individuals. However, other studies contradict these suggestions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of ABCA1 C69T (rs1800977) gene polymorphism in a representative sample of the Saudi population not previously diagnosed with diabetes and its possible association with dyslipidemia and dysglycemia. A cross-sectional design was used to recruit nondiabetic adults of both genders from the Saudi population in Jeddah by employing a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling method. A total of 650 people (337 men and 313 women) were recruited. Demographic, dietary, and lifestyle variables, as well as medical history and family history of chronic diseases, were collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were taken for the determination of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipids profile, which were followed by a 1-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Real-time PCR technology was used to determine the ABCA1 C69T gene SNP (rs1800977). The T allele of ABCA1 C69T (rs1800977) was very frequent (TT in 44.9% and CT in 43.7%). There was a trend toward significance for a higher dysglycemia percentage in people with CT and TT genotypes (25.7%, and 23.3%, respectively) compared with CC genotypes (16.2%). In addition, FPG and 1-h plasma glucose were significantly higher in people with both TT and CT genotypes compared to CC genotypes. However, T allele was not associated with any dysregulation of lipid parameters.

Assessment of genetic polymorphism associated with ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene and fluctuations in serum lipid profile levels in patients with coronary artery disease

Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the common genetic and clinical risk factors associated with cardiovascular and multifactorial disorder. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene plays an important role in lipid metabolism and in multiple studies associated with CAD. However, more studies are needed to identify the exact role of single nucleotide polymorphisms which may cause CAD.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic association of polymorphism g.1051G > A in the ABCA1 gene with CAD patients in the Saudi population.

Methods

We included 315 confirmed CAD cases, and 205 non-CAD or control subjects in this case-control study. DNA isolation was carried out for all registered participants and the polymorphism g.1051G > A was genotyped with Polymerase Chain Reaction followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis with EcoNI restriction enzyme.

Results

Modifiable risk factors such as Body Mass Index, smoking and diabetes were strongly associated and non-modifiable risk factors such as hypertension (Systolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Blood Pressure) and serum analysis such as Fasting Blood Glucose, Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and LDL-c were significantly associated in CAD cases (p < 0.05). Allele (OR-1.73;95% CI:1.33–2.26; p = 0.0004), GA vs GG (OR-2.26; 95% CI: 1.53–3.35; p = 0.0003 and dominant inheritance pattern (OR-2.23; 95% CI:1.56–3.20; p = 0.00009 was strongly associated with CAD cases and control subjects. The frequency level of use of atorvastatin was significantly different among GG, GA and AA subjects. Additionally, TC and TG levels were influenced by the presence of g.1051G > A polymorphism.

Conclusion

The polymorphism g.1051G > A in the gene ABCA1 is closely associated with the existence of the CAD subjects. This polymorphism could also affect the serum levels of the lipid profile, suggesting a possible occurrence of CAD in the Saudi population.

Association between ABCA1 Gene Polymorphisms and Plasma Lipid Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND

Although ABCA1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with the plasma lipid concentration, the literature has not shown a consistent pattern. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the association between the ABCA1 69C>T, 825V>I, and 230R>C polymorphisms and the plasma lipid concentration through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS

We selected studies published up to October 2020 in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the relationship between the presence of ABCA1 69C>T, 825V>I, and 230R>C and plasma lipid levels. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.3). Both Begg's test and Egger's regression test of the funnel plot were performed using R Studio software (version 3.6.0) to identify publication bias.

RESULTS

We analyzed the data on the ABCA1 69C>T polymorphism involving 14,843 subjects in 11 studies, 825V>I polymorphism involving 2580 subjects in 5 studies, and 230R>C polymorphism involving 4834 subjects in 4 studies. The T allele carriers in 69C>T, II carriers in 825V>I, and C carriers in 230R>C had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; the MD (95% CI) was -0.05 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.09 to -0.01, p = 0.02), -0.05 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.09 to -0.00, p = 0.03), and -0.1 mmol/mL (95% CI: -0.12 to -0.07 mmol/L, p < 0.00001), respectively. In the case of 230R>C, the serum total cholesterol concentration of C carriers was significantly lower than that of RR carriers (-0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.3 to -0.11, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis demonstrates that the ABCA1 69C>T, 825V>I, and 230R>C polymorphisms could affect the plasma lipid concentration. As the plasma lipid concentration may be related to various diseases, ABCA1 genotyping could be useful for the management of lipid levels.

Uncurtaining the pivotal role of ABC transporters in diabetes mellitus

The metabolic disorders are the edge points for the initiation of various diseases. These disorders comprised of several diseases including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular complications. Worldwide, the prevalence of these disorders is increasing day by day. The world's population is at higher threat of developing metabolic disease, especially diabetes. Therefore, there is an impregnable necessity of searching for a newer therapeutic target to reduce the burden of these disorders. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked with the dysregulated insulin secretion and resistance. The lipid and glucose transporters portray a pivotal role in the metabolism and transport of both of these. The excess production of lipid and glucose and decreased clearance of these leads to the emergence of DM. The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCT) are important for the metabolism of glucose and lipid. Various studies suggest the key involvement of ABCT in the pathologic process of different diseases. In addition, the involvement of other pathways, including IGF signaling, P13-Akt/PKC/MAPK signaling, and GLP-1 via regulation of ABCT, may help develop new treatment strategies to cope with insulin resistance dysregulated glucose metabolism, key features in DM.

Genetic Association of rs10757278 on Chromosome 9p21 and Coronary Artery Disease in a Saudi Population

Purpose

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Few studies have been carried out in the Saudi population regarding the association of rs10757278 polymorphism with CAD. This study aimed to investigate the association of the rs10757278 polymorphism with CAD in Saudi population.

Materials and Methods

In this case-control study, we recruited 437 patients with CAD and 251 cross-matched healthy controls and performed polymorphism genotyping for rs10757278 using a polymerase chain reaction followed by a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

Results

The G allele (OR-1.44; 95% CI: 1.15–1.80; p=0.001), as GG (OR-2.13; 95% CI: 1.35–3.36; p=0.0009), in the dominant (OR-1.47; 95% CI: 1.03–2.10; p=0.03) and recessive mode (OR-1.84; 95% CI: 1.26–2.70; p=0.001) of inheritance showed a high-risk association. A disease stratified risk analysis was conducted and comparisons were made using an ANOVA analysis. Diabetes showed a risk association (p=0.001). However, a regression analysis confirmed that for the CAD cases, there was an association between the GG genotype and diabetes (p=0.005).

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that the polymorphism rs10757278 is related to a high risk of CAD in a Saudi population.

ABCA1 69C>T Polymorphism and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis

Background

The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is likely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via β cell function modification, but the evidence on the association remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the ABCA1 69C>T polymorphism and the risk of T2DM through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods

The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for qualified studies published until August 2020. Studies that included the association between the ABCA1 69C>T polymorphism and the risk of T2DM were reviewed. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated.

Results

We analyzed data from a total of 10 studies involving 17,742 patients. We found that the CC or CT genotype was associated with increased risk of T2DM than the TT genotype (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.02-1.93). In the Asian population, the C allele carriers had a higher risk of T2DM than those with the TT genotype; the ORs of the CC and CT genotypes were 1.80 (95% CI, 1.21-2.68) and 1.61 (95% CI, and 1.29-2.01), respectively.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis confirmed that the ABCA1 69C>T genotype showed a decrease risk of T2DM compared to the CC or CT genotypes.

The Role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in Human Disease

Cholesterol homeostasis is essential in normal physiology of all cells. One of several proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis is the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a transmembrane protein widely expressed in many tissues. One of its main functions is the efflux of intracellular free cholesterol and phospholipids across the plasma membrane to combine with apolipoproteins, mainly apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), forming nascent high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) particles, the first step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In addition, ABCA1 regulates cholesterol and phospholipid content in the plasma membrane affecting lipid rafts, microparticle (MP) formation and cell signaling. Thus, it is not surprising that impaired ABCA1 function and altered cholesterol homeostasis may affect many different organs and is involved in the pathophysiology of a broad array of diseases. This review describes evidence obtained from animal models, human studies and genetic variation explaining how ABCA1 is involved in dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), thrombosis, neurological disorders, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, viral infections and in cancer progression.

Hyssopus officinalis exerts hypoglycemic effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via modulating GSK-3β, C-fos, NF-κB, ABCA1 and ABGA1 gene expression

Objectives

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is contributed to dual interactions between environmental factors and certain genetic factors. This impressed a great need for novel treatment strategy. Nevertheless, Hyssopus officinalis (H. officinalis) as a terrestrial herb is considered to be an important source of natural antioxidants, it could be assessed as an anti-hyperglycemic agent.

Methods

In the current study, HPLC identified the active constitutes of H. officinalis, including total polyphenols, and flavonoids. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar albino rats via a single ip dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg BW). One week post diabetes induction, rats were administrated H. officinalis (500 mg/ kg BW) orally for one month. Molecular analysis was assessed to investigate the efficiency of H. officinalis on modulating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) genes, in addition to apoptotic biomarkers, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and cellular oncogene-fos (C-fos) genes. Furthermore, inflammatory biomarkers, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression were also assessed.

Results

H. officinalis alcoholic extract declared the presence of polyphenols as gallic acid and flavonoids as quercetin in addition to many active constituents. Apigenin-7-glucoside and Chlorgenic acid were the most common constituents in the extract. RT-PCR results declared a significant up-regulation in mRNA gene expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 upon H. officinalis treatment. Meanwhile, C-fos gene expression recorded a slight down-regulation. Gene expression of apoptotic biomarker GSK-3β demonstrated a significant down regulation as well as inflammatory biomarkers NF-κB and TNF-α.

Conclusion

From the data recorded, it could be concluded that H. officinalis exerts a great hypoglycemic potential via modulating C-fos, GSK-3β, NF-κB, TNF-α, ABCA1 and ABCG1 gene expression and signaling pathways and could be considered as an effective candidate for DMT2 treatment.

ATP-binding cassette sub-family a member1 gene mutation improves lipid metabolic abnormalities in diabetes mellitus

Background

Patients with diabetes mellitus were often accompanied with hyperlipidemia. ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member1 (ABCA1) promotes the efflux of lipids and thereby mediates the metabolism of cholesterol. The aim of our study was to determine the associations of ABCA1 gene polymorphisms with the risks of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in diabetic patients.

Methods

We retrieved literature about the relationship between ABCA1 gene polymorphisms (C69T and R230C) and the risk of diabetes through PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Cochrane database. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and odds ratio (OR) were used to compare continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively, accompanied by their 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

A total of 1746 diabetic patients and 1292 non-diabetic controls were enrolled. All subjects were Caucasians. ABCA1 R230C T allele was significantly associated with reduced the risk of diabetes (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.57–0.98, P = 0.04). There was no association of ABCA1 C69T gene polymorphisms with the risk of diabetes. However, subgroup analyses showed that the ABCA1 C69T gene mutation significantly reduced the risk of hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic patients as compared with that in non-diabetic subjects (dominant model: WMD =0.66, 95% CI = 0.52–0.8, P < 0.0001; recessive model: WMD = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.11–0.83, P = 0.01).

Conclusions

ABCA1 R230C T allele gene mutation is a protective in decreasing the risk of diabetes in Caucasians and ABCA1 C69T gene mutation markedly influences the level of lipid metabolism in diabetic patients.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-0998-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Association of ATP binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA 1) gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bangladeshi population

AIMS

ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) gene polymorphism has been reported as one of the genetic risk factors for T2DM in various populations with conflicting results. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of ABCA1 C69T polymorphism and lipid profile with T2DM in Bangladeshi population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 102 T2DM subjects and 98 healthy controls were recruited and their genotypes for ABCA1 gene polymorphisms were determined based on the PCR-RFLP technique. Serum lipid profiles (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG) were also estimated by using standard methods.

RESULTS

ABCA 1 (C69T) genotypes frequencies were estimated. The percentages of CC, CT and TT genotypes at 69 position of ABCA1 gene were 31.63%, 58.16% and 10.21% in control as well as 22.54%, 69.60% and 7.86% in diabetes group respectively. Significant association was not found between ABCA1 (C69T) genotypes and T2DM in Bangladeshi population (Odd Ratio: 1.67; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.88 to 3.19 for CT genotype and Odd Ratio: 1.07; Confidence Interval: 0.36 to 3.16 for TT genotype; p > 0.05). Serum lipid profiles were not associated with T2DM.

CONCLUSION

ABCA1 gene polymorphism might not be a genetic risk factor for T2DM subjects among Bangladeshis. We did not find a relationship between genotypes and lipid concentrations in our two groups. Study with a larger sample size will help us to understand the relationship of ABCA1 C69T genotype and lipid profile with T2DM.

Association between the ABCA1 rs1800977 polymorphism and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese Han population

ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is associated with serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Several studies have demonstrated that individuals with a high HDL cholesterol level have a reduced risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, we conducted a case-control study including 508 T2DM patients and 614 controls to explore the association between the ABCA1 rs1800977 polymorphism and T2DM risk in a Chinese Han population. Genotyping was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/lionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our results indicate that the TT genotype of the rs1800977 polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of T2DM compared to the CC genotype. The T allele of the rs1800977 polymorphism was also related with a decreased risk of T2DM. There was no significant association between clinical parameters (HDL, low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, body mass index, and age) and rs1800977 polymorphism genotypes. In conclusion, the ABCA1 rs1800977 polymorphism may contribute to the development of T2DM. However, larger studies with more diverse ethnic populations are needed to confirm these results.

Assessment of the environmental and genetic factors influencing prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of factors that increases the risk of cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases including diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in the adult Saudi population where the increase in cardiovascular-related mortality is augmented by the rise in the prevalence of MS. Metabolic syndrome is a multi-factorial disorder influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental components. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of studied environmental and genetic factors explaining the prevalence of MS in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Additionally, this review aims to illustrate factors related to the population genetics of Saudi Arabia, which might explain a proportion of the prevalence of MS.

Functional and Structural Impact of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 R219K and I883M Gene Polymorphisms in Obese Children and Adolescents

INTRODUCTION

Obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein is known to mediate the transport of intracellular cholesterol and phospholipids across the cell membranes. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between ABCA1 gene polymorphisms and overweight/obesity risk, and to evaluate their relation to the lipid profile.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study included in silico analysis of ABCA1 gene and protein. Two genetic variants in ABCA1 gene-R219K (rs2230806; G/A) and I883M (rs2066714; A/G)-were genotyped in 128 normal weight and 128 overweight/obese subjects using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments were performed.

RESULTS

Our findings suggest that the heterozygote GA genotype of R219K polymorphism increased susceptibility to obesity under the heterozygous model (odds ratio 2.75, 95 % CI 1.01-6.12; p = 0.014) compared with the control group. This susceptibility could be gender-specific, with higher risk among females. In addition, the A variant was associated with a higher degree of obesity (p < 0.001). On the other hand, individuals with the G variant of I883M polymorphism showed lower susceptibility to obesity under all genetic models (allelic, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, and recessive models; p < 0.05), with no observed association with body mass index or degree of obesity. However, both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed significant differences in lipid levels among patients with different genotypes.

CONCLUSIONS

The study results suggest that R219K and I883M SNPs of the ABCA1 gene may play a role in susceptibility to obesity in our Egyptian population; the former increases susceptibility and phenotype severity, and the latter is protective. Larger epidemiological studies are needed for validation of the results.

Dietary fat and carbohydrate modulate the effect of the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) R230C variant on metabolic risk parameters in premenopausal women from the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Study

Background

Although the R230C-ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) variant has been consistently associated with HDL-C levels, its association with diabetes and other metabolic parameters is unclear. Estrogen and dietary factors are known to regulate ABCA1 expression in different tissues. Thus, we aimed to explore whether gender, menopausal status and macronutrient proportions of diet modulate the effect of this variant on various metabolic parameters.

Methods

One thousand five hundred ninety-eight controls from the GEA study were included (787 men, 363 premenopausal women and 448 menopausal women), previously assessed for anthropometric and biochemical measurements and visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat (VAT/SAT) ratio on computed tomography. Taqman assays were performed for genotyping. Diet macronutrient proportions were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire validated for the Mexican population. Multivariate regression models were constructed to assess the interaction between the proportion of dietary macronutrients and the R230C polymorphism on metabolic parameters.

Results

All significant interactions were observed in premenopausal women. Those carrying the risk allele and consuming higher carbohydrate/lower fat diets showed an unfavorable metabolic pattern [lower HDL-C and adiponectin levels, higher VAT/SAT ratio, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and higher gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels]. Conversely, premenopausal women carrying the risk allele and consuming lower carbohydrate/higher fat diets showed a more favorable metabolic pattern (higher HDL-C and adiponectin levels, and lower VAT/SAT ratio, HOMA-IR, GGT and ALP levels).

Conclusion

This is the first study reporting a gender-specific interaction between ABCA1/R230C variant and dietary carbohydrate and fat percentages affecting VAT/SAT ratio, GGT, ALP, adiponectin levels and HOMA index. Our study confirmed the previously reported gender-specific ABCA1-diet interaction affecting HDL-C levels observed in an independent study. Our results show how gene-environment interactions may help further understand how certain gene variants confer metabolic risk, and may provide information useful to design diet intervention studies.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0040-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Association of JAZF1 and TSPAN8/LGR5 variants in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Saudi population

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and multifactorial disease with a rapidly rising incidence in Saudi Arabia. Various genes including zinc finger protein 1 (JAZF1) and tetraspanin 8/leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor (TSPAN8/LGR5) have been previously described to be associated with T2DM. This study investigated the association of JAZF1 (rs864745) and TSPAN8 (rs7961581) with T2DM in a Saudi population.

METHODS

Genomic DNA samples from 400 Saudi T2DM patients and 400 healthy controls were genotyped and analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The difference between the genotype frequencies were carried out with Chi-square test. Odds ratio, 95 % confidence intervals and p values were calculated using multinomial logistic regression. Dominant and recessive models were implemented to show the statistical significances. Analysis of variance was used to compare differences between genotypes for the various parameters.

RESULTS

Distribution frequencies of the AA, AG, and GG genotypes of JAZF1 (rs864745) differed significantly among T2DM patients and healthy controls (p < 0.05). The AG and GG genotypes were independently and significantly associated with a T2DM risk after adjusting for factors such as age, sex, and body mass index [odds ratio (OR) 2.1 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.3-3.4); p = 0.002] and [OR 1.9 (95 % CI 1.2-3.1); p = 0.005], respectively. A genotype-based stratification of anthropometric and biochemical data revealed that the AG + GG genotype is associated with waist circumference (p = 0.04) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = 0.02). None of the allele or genotype showed the significant association between the T2DM cases and control subjects in rs7961581 polymorphism in TSPAN8/LGR5 gene.

CONCLUSION

The rs864745 variant in JAZF1 gene may act as genetic risk factors for the development of T2DM in a Saudi population.

Association of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Malaysians

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex polygenic disorder characterized by impaired insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and dysregulation of lipid and protein metabolism with environmental and genetic factors. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene polymorphisms are reported as the one of the genetic risk factors for T2DM in various populations with conflicting results. This study was conducted based on PCR-HRM to determine the frequency of ABCA1 gene by rs2230806 (R219K), rs1800977 (C69T), and rs9282541 (R230C) polymorphisms Malaysian subjects.

METHODS

A total of 164 T2DM and 165 controls were recruited and their genotypes for ABCA1 gene polymorphisms were determined based on the real time high resolution melting analysis.

RESULTS

There was a significant difference between the subjects in terms of age, BMI, FPG, HbA1c, HDL, LDL, and TG (P < 0.05). There was a significant association between HOM of R219K (P = 0.005), among Malaysian subjects; moreover, allele frequency revealed the significant difference in A allele of R219K (P = 0.003). But, there was no significant difference in genotypic and allelic frequencies of C69T and R230C polymorphism.

CONCLUSION

R219K polymorphism of ABCA1 gene can be considered as a genetic risk factor for T2DM subjects among Malaysians.

Impact of 3 Common ABCA1 Gene Polymorphisms on Optimal vs Non-Optimal Lipid Profile in Greek Young Nurses

Objective:

This study is in line with two previous ones from our group. They evaluated the influence of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene polymorphisms [such as rs2230806 (R219K), rs2230808 (R1587K) and rs4149313 (I883M)] on the human lipid profile (defined as Optimal and Non-Optimal).

Methods:

The present study included 447 unrelated young women and men self-reported as being healthy and that attended the University of Nursing of Technological and Educational Institution. All subjects were genotyped and the ABCA1 polymorphisms (R219K, R1587K and I883M) were recorded. According to lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)] the subjects were separated into those with optimal lipid profile (Optimal Group, n=209) and Non-Optimal Group (n=238).

Results:

No statistical differences were observed in the distribution of R219K, R1587K and I883M polymorphisms according to the lipid profile (p>0.05 in all cases). No statistical differences were observed in the distribution of R219K, R1587K and I883M polymorphisms according to sex (p>0.05 in all cases). However, Logistic Regression revealed that subjects with RK (R1587K polymorphism) genotype had 69% increased risk on average of having LDL-C above normal limits as compared with those with RR genotype. Similarly, subjects with K allele (R1587K polymorphism) had 59% increased risk on average of having LDL-C above normal limits compared with those with R allele.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that R1587K polymorphism of ABCA1 gene may influence the lipid profile. However, this needs to be confirmed by larger studies.