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Jalei AA, Omar AI, Hassan SA, Hassan YSA, Ahmed NR. Establishment of Reference Intervals for Common Renal and Liver Function Parameters in Healthy Adults in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:4163-4170. [PMID: 39308973 PMCID: PMC11414748 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s480478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reference intervals (RIs) are crucial for the accurate interpretating of laboratory test results in clinical settings, serving as benchmarks for evaluating individual health status. This study investigates the influence of sex and age on common liver function tests (LFTs) and renal function tests (RFTs) in healthy adults in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2022 to January 2023 on a randomly selected sample of 255 healthy participants from Mogadishu, Somalia. Approximately 5 mL of whole blood was collected from each participant and processed screening of hepatitis B and C, and human immunodeficiency virus, and then biochemical analyses were conducted for common liver and kidney parameters. Results The study found significant sex and age-related differences in the measured LFTs and RFTs parameters. For LFTs, males had higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to females (ALT: 11.5 vs 7.5 U/L; AST: 25.5 vs 19.1 U/L; both p < 0.001). Age-related differences were also observed, with individuals aged 30 and above had higher levels of ALT and AST compared to those aged 18-29 (ALT: 10.9 vs 8.5 U/L; AST: 24.3 U/L vs 21.0 U/L, both p < 0.001). For RFTs, males had higher levels of creatinine (0.9 vs 0.7 mg/dL), urea (23.1 vs 16.1 mg/dL), and uric acid (5.2 vs 4.2 mg/dL) than females, all with p < 0.001. Conclusion The study established population specific RIs for common liver and renal function parameters and revealed significant variations across sex and age groups. These findings underscore the importance of developing and using local RIs to ensure accurate clinical interpretation and effective patient management. Further research with larger sample sizes and in diverse regions of Somalia is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdifatah Abdullahi Jalei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Abdifetah Ibrahim Omar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology, Mogadishu, Somalia
- Jamhuriya Research Center, Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Shafie Abdulkadir Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | | | - Nur Rashid Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology, Mogadishu, Somalia
- Jamhuriya Research Center, Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology, Mogadishu, Somalia
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Nemcova M, Zukal J, Seidlova V, Bednarikova S, Havelkova B, Dundarova H, Pikula J. Temperature-dependent in vitro hepatocytotoxicity of insecticides in bats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 111:104544. [PMID: 39216797 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Heterothermic insectivorous bats are supposed to experience differential adverse effects of insecticidal pollutants depending on their seasonal and/or daily variation of metabolic and detoxification rates. Here, we investigated effects of imidacloprid, cypermethrin and fipronil on Nyctalus noctula bat-derived hepatocytes through cytotoxicity, cell inhibition and death at different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000 μg/ml), exposure times (10, 24, 48 hrs), incubation temperatures simulating hibernation (8 °C), daily torpor (20 °C), normothermy (37 °C) and active flight (40 °C), and cytochrome P450 addition. Toxic effects were significantly influenced by temperature (p < 0.05), with strong cytotoxicity after 10 hour exposure to fipronil or cypermethrin at 37 and 40 °C, cell replication inhibition (all insecticides at 8 °C) and cellular stimulation, with slight culture proliferation after 48 hours (all insecticides at 40 °C). Replacing protected chiropterans with cell cultures is a way to assess and extrapolate risks of insecticides for bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nemcova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Zukal
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, Brno 603 65, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Seidlova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Bednarikova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Havelkova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Heliana Dundarova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Jiri Pikula
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic.
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Kanasaki A, Niibo M, Iida T. Metabolic Profiling of Rat Kidney Tissue Following Administration of D-Allulose. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2024; 71:73-80. [PMID: 39234033 PMCID: PMC11368711 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2023_0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
D-Allulose (D-psicose) is a rare sugar and a C-3 epimer of D-fructose. D-Allulose has been reported to have several health benefits via its alteration of both glucose and lipid metabolism. It was previously reported that D-allulose alters the hepatic metabolomic profile. Although the kidneys are crucial organs in metabolic regulation, the effects of D-allulose on renal metabolism have not yet been established. Therefore, this study was designed to capture the overall metabolic response in the kidneys to D-allulose. This was done by providing an AIN-93G diet to Wistar rats, with or without 3 % D-allulose, for four weeks. Renal tissue and blood samples were collected after a 3-hour fasting for evaluation of the renal metabolic profile and their related plasma parameters. D-Allulose increased renal weight without changes in the plasma indices associated with reduced renal function. Metabolic profiling identified a total of 264 peaks. As the contribution rate was too low in the principal component analysis results of the metabolic profiling results, we evaluated the metabolites that were significantly different between two groups and identified 23 up-regulated and 26 down-regulated metabolites in the D-allulose group. D-Allulose also had significant influence on several metabolites involved in glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and purine metabolism. Moreover, the levels of trimethylamine N-oxide and symmetric dimethylarginine, which are associated with several diseases such as chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease decreased following D-allulose diets. This study showed that D-allulose affects the renal metabolic profile, and our findings will help elucidate the function of D-allulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kanasaki
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
| | - Misato Niibo
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
| | - Tetsuo Iida
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
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Guo L, Yan H, Gong Q, Zheng W, Zhong L, Gong T, Sun X, Zhang Z, Ping Y, Zhu Z, Xu J, Zhang Y. Glomerulus-Targeted ROS-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Effective Membranous Nephropathy Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35447-35462. [PMID: 38940537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common immune-mediated glomerular disease that requires the development of safe and highly effective therapies. Celastrol (CLT) has shown promise as a therapeutic molecule candidate, but its clinical use is currently limited due to off-target toxicity. Given that excess levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributing to podocyte damage is a key driver of MN progression to end-stage renal disease, we rationally designed ROS-responsive cationic polymeric nanoparticles (PPS-CPNs) with a well-defined particle size and surface charge by employing poly(propylene sulfide)-polyethylene glycol (PPS-PEG) and poly(propylene sulfide)-polyethylenimine (PPS-PEI) to selectively deliver CLT to the damaged glomerulus for MN therapy. Experimental results show that PPS-CPNs successfully crossed the fenestrated endothelium, accumulated in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and were internalized by podocytes where rapid drug release was triggered by the overproduction of ROS, thereby outperforming nonresponsive CLT nanotherapy to alleviate subepithelial immune deposits, podocyte foot process effacement, and GBM expansion in a rat MN model. Moreover, the ROS-responsive CLT nanotherapy was associated with significantly lower toxicity to major organs than free CLT. These results suggest that encapsulating CLT into PPS-CPNs can improve efficacy and reduce toxicity as a promising treatment option for MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Hanyu Yan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Gong
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Weili Zheng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhong
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Tao Gong
- West China School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- West China School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ping
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zilan Zhu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Jian Xu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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Ishtiaq S, Rehman S, Kamran SH, Akhtar ZM, Albaik M, Elhady SS. Metabolic profiling of Verbena bonariensis L. extract by LC/MS and evaluation of the hepatoprotective potential with isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400055. [PMID: 38607964 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The study explored the hepatoprotective activity and metabolic profile of Verbena bonariensis L. methanol extract (VBM) and fractions using isoniazid as well as rifampicin-triggered liver toxicity in Wistar albino rats. Metabolite profiling of VBM using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS identified 12 compounds, mainly iridoids, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids, where verbascoside represents the major compound. Different biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and total protein levels were used to assess liver functions. All the evaluated samples exhibited hepatoprotective potential, but VBM exhibited maximum activity and a notable decline in ALP (p < 0.05, significant), even better than the standard drug (silymarin). VBM significantly reduced the elevated ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubin. It also triggered a significant elevation in total proteins compared with diseased animals. This was further consolidated by histopathological studies. Verbena bonariensis L. could serve as a potent hepatoprotective agent and may alleviate liver ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Emory College of Arts and Science, Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Saira Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Mehmood Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mai Albaik
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh S Elhady
- King Abdulaziz University Herbarium, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Taychaworaditsakul W, Sawong S, Intatham S, Chansakaow S, Chewonarin T, Kunnaja P, Jaijoy K, Wittayapraparat A, Yusuk P, Charoensup W, Sireeratawong S. The Safety Assessment of Mutagenicity, Acute and Chronic Toxicity of the Litsea martabanica (Kurz) Hook.f. Water Leaf Extract. TOXICS 2024; 12:470. [PMID: 39058122 PMCID: PMC11281209 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Litsea martabanica (Kurz) Hook.f. has traditionally been used as an anti-insecticidal agent and as a medication due to its hepatoprotective properties by highland communities in Thailand. This study examined the mutagenicity, as well as the acute and chronic toxicity, of the L. martabanica water leaf extract in Sprague-Dawley rats. The pharmacognostic evaluation of L. martabanica was performed in this study to ensure its authenticity and purity. Then, the sample was extracted using decoction with water to obtain the crude water extract. The assessment of acute toxicity involved a single oral administration of 5000 mg/kg, whereas the chronic toxicity assessment comprised daily oral doses of 250, 750, and 2250 mg/kg over 270 days. Various physiological and behavioral parameters, as well as body and organ weights, were systematically monitored. The endpoint assessments involved hematological and biochemical analyses plus gross and histopathological assessments of the internal organs. Our results exhibited no mutagenic activation by the L. martabanica water leaf extract in the Ames test, and no acute toxicity was observed. In the chronic toxicity tests, no abnormalities were found in rats receiving the L. martabanica water leaf extract across multiple measures, comprising behavioral, physiological, and hematological indices. Crucially, the histopathological assessment corroborated previous studies, reporting an absence of any tissue abnormalities. The results revealed that the L. martabanica water leaf extract had no adverse effects on rats over 270 days of oral administration. This demonstrates its safety and crucial scientific evidence for informing public policy and enabling its potential future commercial use in both highland and lowland communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerakit Taychaworaditsakul
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.T.); (S.S.); (S.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Suphunwadee Sawong
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.T.); (S.S.); (S.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Intatham
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.T.); (S.S.); (S.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sunee Chansakaow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (W.C.)
| | - Teera Chewonarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Phraepakaporn Kunnaja
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Kanjana Jaijoy
- McCormick Faculty of Nursing, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand;
| | - Absorn Wittayapraparat
- Highland Research and Development Institute (Public Organization), Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Pedcharada Yusuk
- Highland Research and Development Institute (Public Organization), Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Wannaree Charoensup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (W.C.)
| | - Seewaboon Sireeratawong
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.T.); (S.S.); (S.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Ranjbar M, Shab-Bidar S, Mohammadi H, Djafarian K. Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Liver Function Tests: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae070. [PMID: 38917447 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Intermittent fasting (IF) is a diet strategy with alternate intervals of calorie reduction and normal eating. Despite its beneficial effects on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors, the effect of IF on liver function tests (LFTs) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of IF on LFTs through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. DATA SOURCES An electronic search was performed using predefined search terms in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science until February 2023. DATA EXTRACTION The studies were selected according to PRISMA guidelines, and the risk of bias was assessed for the randomized controlled trials. DATA ANALYSIS The results of this study are reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% CIs. Fourteen RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, with a total sample size of 908. IF significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD: -2.88, 95% CI: -4.72 to -1.04, P-value = .002) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (WMD: -1.67, 95% CI: -3.12 to -0.22, P-value = .024). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the impact of IF was significant in both the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the healthy groups for ALT. The effects of IF on the serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level were significant (WMD: -3.19, 95% CI: -6.00 to -0.39, P-value = .026), but there were no significant changes in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level (WMD: 1.06, 95% CI: -0.23 to 2.34, P-value = .106). Furthermore, no substantial heterogeneity between studies was reported. CONCLUSION IF can improve ALT, AST, and GGT levels but not ALP enzyme levels and may have a benefit on liver function. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023396211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ranjbar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6117, Iran
- Neuroscience Institute, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 4395-578, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6117, Iran
- Neuroscience Institute, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 4395-578, Iran
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Youssef EM, Wu GY. Subnormal Serum Liver Enzyme Levels: A Review of Pathophysiology and Clinical Significance. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:428-435. [PMID: 38638374 PMCID: PMC11022067 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Subnormal levels of liver enzymes, below the lower limit of normal on local laboratory reports, can be useful diagnostically. For instance, subnormal levels of aminotransferases can be observed in vitamin B6 deficiency and chronic kidney disease. Subnormal alkaline phosphatase levels may indicate the presence of hypophosphatasia, Wilson's disease, deficiencies of divalent ions, or malnutrition. Subnormal levels of gamma glutamyl transferase may be seen in cases of acute intrahepatic cholestasis, the use of certain medications, and in bone disease. Finally, subnormal levels of 5'-nucleotidase have been reported in lead poisoning and nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. The aim of this review is to bring attention to the fact that subnormal levels of these enzymes should not be ignored as they may indicate pathological conditions and provide a means of early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Y. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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9
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Thakur S, Kumar V, Das R, Sharma V, Mehta DK. Biomarkers of Hepatic Toxicity: An Overview. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2024; 100:100737. [PMID: 38860148 PMCID: PMC11163176 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Hepatotoxicity is the foremost issue for clinicians and the primary reason for pharmaceutical product recalls. A biomarker is a measurable and quantifiable attribute used to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment or to diagnose a disease. There are various biomarkers which are used for the detection of liver disease and the intent of liver damage. Objective This review aims to investigate the current state of hepatotoxicity biomarkers and their utility in clinical settings. Using hepatic biomarkers, the presence of liver injury, its severity, prognosis, causative agent, and type of hepatotoxicity can all be determined. Methods Relevant published articles up to 2022 were systematically retrieved from MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and WOS databases using keywords such as drug toxicity, hepatotoxicity biomarkers, biochemical parameters, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Results In clinical trials and everyday practice, biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury are essential for spotting the most severe cases of hepatotoxicity. Hence, developing novel biomarker approaches to enhance hepatotoxicity diagnosis will increase specificity and/or identify the person at risk. Importantly, early clinical studies on patients with liver illness have proved that some biomarkers such as aminotransferase, bilirubin, albumin, and bile acids are even therapeutically beneficial. Conclusions By assessing the unique signs of liver injury, health care professionals can rapidly and accurately detect liver damage and evaluate its severity. These measures contribute to ensuring prompt and effective medical intervention, hence reducing the risk of long-term liver damage and other major health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Rina Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Ali M, Manjula SN, Mohiuddin I, Mruthunjaya K, Shakeel F, Mir SA, Wani SUD. Noni enhances the anticancer activity of cyclophosphamide and suppresses myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in tumor-bearing mice. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:212. [PMID: 38662247 PMCID: PMC11045611 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Morinda citrifolia fruit juice (noni) is an herbal remedy documented to have antioxidant properties. It has been suggested that prevention of carcinogen-DNA adduct formation and the antioxidant activity of NJ may contribute to the cancer preventive effect. In the present study, the antitumor activity of noni was investigated in the presence of cyclophosphamide (CYL) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS In vitro breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468) were used to measure the percentage of inhibition and the IC50. The in vivo antitumor activity of noni was studied by monitoring the mean survival time (MST), percentage increase in life span (%ILS), viable and non-viable cell count, tumor volume, body weight, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters in mice. Treatment with noni and CYL exhibited dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity toward breast cancer cells. RESULTS Individual treatment of noni and CYL exhibited dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity on breast cancer cell lines, while in combination therapy of noni and CYL, noni enhances cytotoxic effect of CYL at 48 h than that at 24 h. Similar result was found in in vivo studies, the results of which revealed that alone treatment of CYL and noni suppressed tumor growth. However, combination treatment with CYL and noni presented better tumor inhibition than that of alone treatment of CYL and noni. On the contrary, CYL alone drastically attenuated hematological parameters, i.e., RBC, WBC, and Hb compared to normal and control groups, and this change was reversed and normalized by noni when given as combination therapy with CYL. Moreover, the levels of serum biochemical markers, i.e., AST, ALP, and ALT, were significantly increased in the control and CYL-treated groups than those in the normal group. In the combination treatment of noni and CYL, the above biochemical marker levels significantly decreased compared to CYL alone-treated group. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that CYL treatment can cause serious myelotoxicity and hepatic injury in cancer patients. In conclusion, the combined use of noni with CYL potentially enhances the antitumor activity of CYL and suppresses myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by CYL in tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Sri Adichunchanagiri University, B.G Nagar, Bellur, Karnataka, 571418, India.
| | - S N Manjula
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Ishfaq Mohiuddin
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, India
| | - K Mruthunjaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Ahmad Mir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Shahid Ud Din Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
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11
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Al Harthi T, Whiting P, Watson J. Liver function tests in patients with hypertension in primary care: a prospective cohort study. BJGP Open 2024; 8:BJGPO.2023.0082. [PMID: 37726171 PMCID: PMC11169983 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpo.2023.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver function tests (LFTs) are frequently used to monitor patients with hypertension in UK primary care. Evidence is lacking on whether testing improves outcomes. AIM To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of LFTs in patients with hypertension and determine downstream consequences of testing. DESIGN & SETTING Prospective study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). METHOD In total, 30 000 patients with hypertension who had LFTs in 2015 were randomly selected from CPRD. The diagnostic accuracy measures for eight LFT analytes and an overall LFT panel were calculated against the reference standard of liver disease. Rates of consultations, blood tests, and referrals within 6 months following testing were measured. RESULTS The 1-year incidence of liver disease in patients with hypertension was 0.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4% to 0.6%). Sensitivity and specificity of an LFT panel were modest: 61.3% (95% CI = 53.1% to 69.0%) and 73.8% (95% CI = 73.1% to 74.3%), respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the eight individual LFT analytes were low ranging from 0.2% to 8.9%. Among patients who did not develop liver disease, mean number of consultations, referrals, and tests were higher in the 6 months following false-positives at 10.5, 0.7 and 29.8, respectively, compared with true-negatives: 8.6, 0.6, and 19.8. CONCLUSION PPVs of LFTs in primary care were low, with high rates of false-positive results and increased rates of subsequent consultations, referrals, and blood testing. Avoiding LFTs for routine monitoring could potentially reduce patients' anxiety, GP workload, and healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuraiya Al Harthi
- Research Department, The Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Penny Whiting
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica Watson
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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12
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De I, Singh R, Kumar S, Singh S, Singh M, Panda JJ, Ghosh K, Mishra DP, Singh M. Short term biodistribution and in vivo toxicity assessment of intravenously injected pristine graphene oxide nanoflakes in SD rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae058. [PMID: 38617714 PMCID: PMC11014786 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate the short term biodistribution of nano sized graphene oxide (GO) along with the toxicological assessment under in-vivo condition with an intent to analyse the toxic effects of sudden accidental exposure of GO The synthesised GO was characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TGA and DLS. The morphological imaging was performed using SEM, TEM and AFM. With a lateral size of less than 300 nm, these nanoparticles exhibit significant organ barrier permeability of up to 20%. Upon acute exposure to 10 mg/kg dose of ICG-tagged GO nanoflakes through intravenous route, various organs such as kidney, spleen and liver were observed, and the nanoparticles predominantly accumulated in the liver upon 24 h of exposure. Upon confirming the accumulation of these particles in liver through IVIS imaging, our next attempt was to analyse various biochemical and serum parameters. An elevation in various serum parameters such as ALT, AST, Creatinine and Bilirubin was observed. Similarly, in the case of biochemical parameters tested in liver homogenates, an increase in NO, Catalase, GSH, SOD, ROS, LPO, GR, GPx, and GST was observed. This study highlights the potential toxicological risk associated with GO exposure which must be taken into account for any risk analysis associated with GO based consumer products and the occupational hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil De
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rashmika Singh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Srishti Singh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Manohar Singh
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jiban Jyoti Panda
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Manish Singh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
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An J, Zhang S, Wu J, Chen H, Xu G, Hou Y, Liu R, Li N, Cui W, Li X, Du Y, Gu Q. Assessing bioartificial organ function: the 3P model framework and its validation. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1586-1601. [PMID: 38362645 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement in the fabrication and culture of in vitro organs has marked a new era in biomedical research. While strides have been made in creating structurally diverse bioartificial organs, such as the liver, which serves as the focal organ in our study, the field lacks a uniform approach for the predictive assessment of liver function. Our research bridges this gap with the introduction of a novel, machine-learning-based "3P model" framework. This model draws on a decade of experimental data across diverse culture platform studies, aiming to identify critical fabrication parameters affecting liver function, particularly in terms of albumin and urea secretion. Through meticulous statistical analysis, we evaluated the functional sustainability of the in vitro liver models. Despite the diversity of research methodologies and the consequent scarcity of standardized data, our regression model effectively captures the patterns observed in experimental findings. The insights gleaned from our study shed light on optimizing culture conditions and advance the evaluation of the functional maintenance capacity of bioartificial livers. This sets a precedent for future functional evaluations of bioartificial organs using machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin An
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Guoshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, P.R. China.
| | - Wenjuan Cui
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Yi Du
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Qi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
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Ravindranath A, Yachha SK. An Approach to Investigations of Chronic Liver Disease. Indian J Pediatr 2024; 91:262-269. [PMID: 37702974 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) in children is more diverse compared to adults with respect to the etiology, progression and response to therapy. After history and clinical examination, the first step is to confirm the presence of CLD with basic blood investigations and ultrasonography. Markers of portal hypertension are splenomegaly, increased portal vein diameter, thrombocytopenia and presence of varices on endoscopy. The next step is to evaluate the etiology of CLD which will depend on the age of the child and needs targeted investigations as metabolic and inherited causes predominate in early childhood. CLD progression ought to be monitored regularly and several non-invasive markers are available but they have to be evaluated further in children. Since CLD progresses, complications have to be detected early not only to initiate appropriate treatment but also to prognosticate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aathira Ravindranath
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Apollo BGS Hospitals, Kuvempunagar, Mysore, Karnataka, 570023, India
| | - Surender Kumar Yachha
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Sakra World Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560103, India.
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15
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Anish RJ, Nair A, Saraswathy V, Kalpana VNS, Shyma RL. In silico, anti-inflammatory and acute toxicological evaluation of an indigenous medicinal plant Pterospermum rubiginosum using Sprague-Dawley rats. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:2. [PMID: 38326913 PMCID: PMC10848399 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pterospermum rubiginosum has been traditionally used by the tribal inhabitants of Southern India for treating bone fractures and as a local anti-inflammatory agent; however, experimental evidence to support this traditional usage is lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical characterization, in silico and in vitro anti-inflammatory evaluation, followed by in vivo toxicological screening of P. rubiginosum methanolic bark extract (PRME). RESULTS The LCMS evaluation revealed the presence of 80 significant peaks; nearly 50 molecules were identified using the LCMS database. In silico analysis showed notable interactions with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In vitro gene expression study supported the docking results with significant down-regulation of iNOS, IL-6, and IL-10. PRME was administered orally to the SD rats and was found to be non-toxic up to 1000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. The antioxidant enzymes catalase and sodium dismutase exhibited an increased value in PRME-administered groups, possibly due to the diverse phytochemical combinations in bark extract. CONCLUSIONS PRME administration significantly downregulated the gene expression of inflammatory markers, such as iNOS, IL-6, and IL-10. The molecular docking analysis of iNOS and IL-6 supports the in vitro study. In vivo toxicological study of PRME in SD rats was found to be non-toxic up to a concentration of 1000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamohanan Jalaja Anish
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariyavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India.
| | - Aswathy Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariyavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
- Kerala State Palmyrah Products Development and Workers' Welfare Corporation Limited, Trivandrum, India
| | - V Saraswathy
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Velappan Nair S Kalpana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariyavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - Rajendran L Shyma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariyavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
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16
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Malik A, Malik M, Qureshi S. Effects of silymarin use on liver enzymes and metabolic factors in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CANADIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2024; 7:40-53. [PMID: 38505782 PMCID: PMC10946183 DOI: 10.3138/canlivj-2023-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Fatty liver disease comprises a wide range of related liver disorders affecting mainly people who drink no or minimal amounts of alcohol. Silymarin is a member of the Carduus marianum family that has been used for centuries to treat different diseases. There is little evidence supporting its efficacy in humans. Objectives To evaluate the effects of Silymarin in patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Methods We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for relevant clinical trials assessing the use of silymarin in patients with NAFLD. A risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. We included the following outcomes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (mg/dL), degree of fibrosis resolution, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and HOMA-IR. We analyzed continuous data using mean difference (MD) and relative 95% confidence interval (CI). Results We included nine clinical trials. We found that silymarin significantly reduced the levels of ALT (MD= -17.12 [-28.81, -4.43]), (P < 0.004), AST (MD= -12.56 [-19.02, -6.10]), (P < 0.0001) and TG (MD = -22.60 [-23.83, -21.38]) (p < 0.00001). It also improved HDL (MD= 2.13 [1.60, 2.66]), (P < 0.01)). There was no significant difference regarding GGT (P=o.07), TC (P= 0.52), LDL (P= 0.06), HOMA-IR (P= 0.06) and BMI (p=0.1).One study reported significant improvement in the degree of fibrosis (P = 0.023). Conclusion Silymarin treatment significantly reduces biochemical and transaminase levels in patients with MASLD.
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17
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Wang LLW, Gao Y, Chandran Suja V, Boucher ML, Shaha S, Kapate N, Liao R, Sun T, Kumbhojkar N, Prakash S, Clegg JR, Warren K, Janes M, Park KS, Dunne M, Ilelaboye B, Lu A, Darko S, Jaimes C, Mannix R, Mitragotri S. Preclinical characterization of macrophage-adhering gadolinium micropatches for MRI contrast after traumatic brain injury in pigs. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk5413. [PMID: 38170792 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) of the brain plays a central role in orchestrating the recruitment of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (BCSF) barrier in pathological conditions, thus offering a unique niche to diagnose CNS disorders. We explored whether magnetic resonance imaging of the ChP could be optimized for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). mTBI induces subtle, yet influential, changes in the brain and is currently severely underdiagnosed. We hypothesized that mTBI induces sufficient alterations in the ChP to cause infiltration of circulating leukocytes through the BCSF barrier and developed macrophage-adhering gadolinium [Gd(III)]-loaded anisotropic micropatches (GLAMs), specifically designed to image infiltrating immune cells. GLAMs are hydrogel-based discoidal microparticles that adhere to macrophages without phagocytosis. We present a fabrication process to prepare GLAMs at scale and demonstrate their loading with Gd(III) at high relaxivities, a key indicator of their effectiveness in enhancing image contrast and clarity in medical imaging. In vitro experiments with primary murine and porcine macrophages demonstrated that GLAMs adhere to macrophages also under shear stress and did not affect macrophage viability or functions. Studies in a porcine mTBI model confirmed that intravenously administered macrophage-adhering GLAMs provide a differential signal in the ChP and lateral ventricles at Gd(III) doses 500- to 1000-fold lower than those used in the current clinical standard Gadavist. Under the same mTBI conditions, Gadavist did not offer a differential signal at clinically used doses. Our results suggest that macrophage-adhering GLAMs could facilitate mTBI diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Li-Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Vineeth Chandran Suja
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Masen L Boucher
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suyog Shaha
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Neha Kapate
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rick Liao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Ninad Kumbhojkar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Supriya Prakash
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - John R Clegg
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Warren
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgan Janes
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Michael Dunne
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Bolu Ilelaboye
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Andrew Lu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Solomina Darko
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Camilo Jaimes
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
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Langade D, Dawane J, Dhande P. Sub-acute toxicity of Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera) root extract in wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:389-395. [PMID: 37885922 PMCID: PMC10598400 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera (ashwagandha, WS) is widely used in traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine. Studies indicate ashwagandha possesses antioxidant, anxiolytic, memory enhancing, antiparkinsonian, anti-venom, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Present study evaluated the sub-acute toxicity of repeated dose administration of Ashwagandha root extract in wistar rats. Material and methods Sub-acute toxicity of Ashwagandha was done as per the OECD-407 guidelines and was carried out for 28 days where satellite group was observed for 43 days. Wistar rats, 30 male and 30 females, were included in the study with 10 [5 M, 5 F] animals per group. Laboratory procedures were performed in accordance with CPCSEA guidelines. Animals were housed in standard laboratory conditions and were administered drugs orally- vehicle to control group and Ashwagandha 200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight/day to study group. General parameters were noted, blood collection was done for haematological and biochemical parameters. All the animals were sacrificed, dissected and observed for gross necropsy and organs of high dose groups from control and Ashwagandha groups were sent for Histopathological examination. Result Gradual weight gain was observed in all the animals. No signs of intoxication and no changes in blood biochemistry were observed. Histopathological changes in organs were within normal limits. Conclusion After repeated dose administration, Ashwagandha root powder extract did not show any major abnormality in a dose 5 times of the recommended human dose and above upto 800 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Langade
- Dr. D. Y. Patil University School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayshree Dawane
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priti Dhande
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Dawood MAO, Gewaily M, Sewilam H. Combined effects of water salinity and ammonia exposure on the antioxidative status, serum biochemistry, and immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1461-1477. [PMID: 37987935 PMCID: PMC10757701 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Growing Nile tilapia in brackish water showed promising results, but the possibility of ammonia exposure can interrupt health status and productivity. Herein, the study tested the combined effects of water salinity and ammonia exposure on the antioxidative status, serum biochemistry, and immunity of Nile tilapia. Fish were assigned to eight groups where fish were reared in saline water (5, 10, and 15 ppt) with continuous or intermittent (every 3 days) total ammonia (TAN) exposure (5 mg TAN/L) (2 × 4 factorial design). After 30 days, the water salinity, TAN, and their interaction were markedly (P < 0.05), affecting the growth performance (final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate) and survival rate of Nile tilapia. The growth performance and survival rate were markedly lower in tilapia grown in 15 ppt with continuous TAN exposure than in the remaining groups. The results showed that fish exposed to higher salinity levels (10 and 15 ppt) and continuous TAN exposure had a more robust antioxidative response, as evidenced by higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the homogenates of the gills, intestines, and livers. The gills were notably affected, with congestion of primary filaments blood vessels and degeneration or shedding of secondary filaments epithelium, especially at salinity levels of 10 and 15 ppt. Additionally, the intestines displayed hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration of intestinal mucosa at 5-10 ppt salinity, degeneration and sloughing of the intestinal epithelium at 15 ppt saline water, and increased goblet cell number at salinity of 10 ppt. The study found that continuous TAN exposure had a more significant impact on the fish, especially at higher salinity levels. Water salinity, TAN, and their interaction significantly affected all measured blood bio-indicators (total, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, glucose, and cortisol levels). The phagocytic activity and index were markedly lowered in fish reared in 15 ppt with continuous TAN exposure, while the lysozyme activity was decreased in fish grown in 5, 10, and 15 ppt with continuous TAN exposure. In conclusion, Nile tilapia showed the possibility of growth with normal health status in brackish water (5-10 ppt); however, continuous TAN exposure can impair the productivity of tilapia, especially with high salinity (15 ppt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt.
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Engineering Hydrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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20
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Okeowo OM, Oke OO, David GO, Ijomone OM. Caffeine Administration Mitigates Chronic Stress-Induced Behavioral Deficits, Neurochemical Alterations, and Glial Disruptions in Rats. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1663. [PMID: 38137111 PMCID: PMC10741929 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to stress has detrimental effects on health, and the consumption of caffeine, mostly contained in energy drinks, has become a widely adopted stress coping strategy. Currently, there is limited information regarding the effects of caffeine intake on chronic stress exposure. Thus, this study investigated the effects of caffeine administration on chronic stress-induced behavioral deficits, neurochemical alterations, and glial disruptions in experimental rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6): non-stress control, stress control, and caffeine groups of doses 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg. The stress control and caffeine groups were subjected to an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol daily for 14 days. The rats were evaluated for phenotypic and neurobehavioral assessments. Thereafter, the rat brains were processed for biochemical and immunohistochemical assays. Caffeine administration was found to ameliorate behavioral dysfunctions in rats exposed to UCMS. The UCMS-induced changes in brain levels of monoamines, cholinesterases, and some oxidative stress biomarkers were reversed by caffeine. Caffeine administration also produced mild protective effects against UCMS-induced changes in GFAP and Iba-1 expression in stress-specific brain regions. These results showed that low and moderate doses of caffeine reversed most of the stress-induced changes, suggesting its ameliorative potential against chronic stress-induced alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oritoke M. Okeowo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Ondo State, Nigeria; (O.M.O.); (O.O.O.)
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Neurobiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olanrewaju O. Oke
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Ondo State, Nigeria; (O.M.O.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Gloria O. David
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Ondo State, Nigeria;
| | - Omamuyovwi M. Ijomone
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Neurobiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Ondo State, Nigeria;
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria
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21
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Jegnie M, Abula T, Woldekidan S, Chalchisa D, Asmare Z, Afework M. Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity Evaluation of the Crude Methanolic Extract of Justicia schimperiana Leaf in Wistar Albino Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:467-483. [PMID: 38026231 PMCID: PMC10664716 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s441273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluates the acute and sub-acute toxicity of 80% methanolic extracts of the leaves of Justicia schimperiana in Wistar albino rat models. Methods Dried powdered leaves of Justicia schimperiana were macerated in 80% methanol. The experiment was conducted in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline 423 for acute and 407 for sub-acute toxicity testing. A single dose of 5000 mg/kg extract was orally administered to three female rats for the acute toxicity study. The plant extract was administered orally for 28 days in daily dosages of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for the sub-acute study. Animals in a control group were given distilled water. A total of 40 rats (5 rats/group/sex) were used for the sub-acute toxicity testing. Daily food intake and weekly body weight measurements were done. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the 28-day treatment period for hematological, biochemical, and histopathological tests. One-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed for the analysis. Results The single-dose oral administration of the plant resulted in no deaths or serious morbidity. The median lethal dose was >5000 mg/kg. The 28-day oral treatment of the plant extract had no significant effect on general behavior, food intake, organ weight, biochemical parameters, or the majority of the hematological markers, with the exception of the decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit in the 1000 mg/kg extract-treated groups compared to the controls. Both sexes experienced significant weight increases at all dosage levels. With the exception of minor alterations in a few of the organs, no significant histological change was identified. Conclusion It is concluded that the single-dose and repeated-dose 28-day oral administration of the methanolic leaf extract of Justicia schimperiana is relatively safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihretu Jegnie
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teferra Abula
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Woldekidan
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dinkenesh Chalchisa
- National Reference Laboratory for Immunohematology, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zemen Asmare
- Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mekbeb Afework
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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22
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Yeung CHC, Bauer C, Xiao Q. Associations between Rest-Activity Rhythms and Liver Function Tests: The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2014. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:667-685. [PMID: 37987396 PMCID: PMC10660688 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver functions are regulated by the circadian rhythm; however, whether a weakened circadian rhythm is associated with impaired liver function is unclear. This study aims to investigate the association of characteristics of rest-activity rhythms with abnormal levels of biomarkers of liver function. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Seven rest-activity rhythm parameters were derived from 24 h actigraphy data using the extended cosine model and non-parametric methods. Multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were used to assess the associations between rest-activity rhythm parameters and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transaminase (GGT), albumin and bilirubin. Weakened overall rhythmicity characterized by a lower F statistic was associated with higher odds of abnormally elevated ALP (ORQ1vs.Q5: 2.16; 95% CI 1.19, 3.90) and GGT (ORQ1vs.Q5: 2.04; 95% CI 1.30, 3.20) and abnormally lowered albumin (ORQ1vs.Q5: 5.15; 95% CI 2.14, 12.38). Similar results were found for a lower amplitude, amplitude:mesor ratio, interdaily stability and intradaily variability. Results were robust to the adjustment of confounders and cannot be fully explained by individual rest-activity behaviors, including sleep and physical activity. Weakened rest-activity rhythms were associated with worse liver function as measured by multiple biomarkers, supporting a potential role of circadian rhythms in liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ho Ching Yeung
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cici Bauer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center for Spatial-Temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Spatial-Temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Khalid S, Arshad M, Raza K, Mahmood S, Siddique F, Aziz N, Khan S, Khalid W, AL‐Farga A, Aqlan F. Assessment of hepatoprotective, nephroprotective efficacy, and antioxidative potential of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and ethanolic extract against PCOS-induced female albino mice ( Mus Musculus). Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7206-7217. [PMID: 37970416 PMCID: PMC10630814 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant that has anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, tissue-protective, and antioxidant activities. Here, we evaluated the protective effect of M. oleifera leaf powder (MoLP) and 70% ethanol M. oleifera leaf extract (MoLE) on mitigating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-induced liver and kidney dysfunction via regulating oxidative stress in female albino mice (Mus musculus). The efficacy of M. oleifera was compared with metformin (standard medicine used to treat infertility in women). PCOS was induced by intramuscular injection of testosterone enanthate at 1.0 mg/100 g BW for 35 days. PCOS-induced mice were treated with MoLP (250 and 500 mg/Kg), MoLE (250 and 500 mg/kg), and metformin (250 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. Renal function test (RFT), liver function test (LFT), and oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified in serum at 0, 7, and 14 days of intervention. Mice treated with M. oleifera and metformin showed a significant decrease (p < .001) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and a significant increase (p < .001) in total protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio. Oxidative stress decreased significantly (p = .00) with respect to treatments, exposure days, and their interaction in metformin and all M. oleifera-treated groups. M. oleifera leaf powder and extract reduce oxidative stress and enhance nephron-hepatic activity in PCOS-induced female albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Komal Raza
- Liver CenterDistrict Headquarter HospitalFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- Institute of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Farzana Siddique
- Institute of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Nida Aziz
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Sarfraz Khan
- Department of ChemistryAir Base CollegeSargodhaPakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- University Institute of Food Science and TechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Ammar AL‐Farga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of SciencesUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Aqlan
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesIbb UniversityIbbYemen
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Zhu R, Tan S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Huang L. Physicochemical Properties and Hypolipidemic Activity of Dietary Fiber from Rice Bran Meal Obtained by Three Oil-Production Methods. Foods 2023; 12:3695. [PMID: 37835348 PMCID: PMC10572562 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of three oil production methods on the physicochemical properties of dietary fiber from rice bran flour, and the hypolipidemic effects of the dietary fibers were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The particle size results showed that the organic-solvent-impregnated rice bran meal dietary fiber (N-RBDF) had the smallest average particle size and the aqueous enzymatic rice bran meal dietary fiber (E-RBDF) had the narrowest particle size distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results demonstrated that all three kinds of rice bran meal dietary fibers (RBDFs) were irregularly flaky. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results revealed that the three RBDFs had similar reactive groups, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that all three RBDFs were cellulose type I crystals. The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that the lignin content of N-RBDF was significantly lower than that of the other two. Among the three kinds of RBDFs, E-RBDF had higher water retention capacity, swelling capacity, oil holding capacity, and adsorption capacity for cholesterol and sodium bile salts. The results of experimental studies in hyperlipidemic rats showed that all three kinds of RBDFs significantly reduced triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the serum of hyperlipidemic rats; they also significantly lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevated total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the livers of rats. In addition, all three kinds of RBDFs decreased aminotransferase (ALT) and aminotransferase (AST) activity in serum and also improved liver steatosis and reduced atherosclerosis index (AI) in rats with hyperlipidemia. Our study provides a reference for the development and utilization of rice bran meal and the application of rice bran meal dietary fiber in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwei Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Sha Tan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Yayi Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Linwei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Liang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha 410004, China
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Woo S, Seo D, Cho YS, Lee JW, Moon J, Nah S, Han S. Clinical factors distinguishing renal infarction from acute pyelonephritis: A randomly matched retrospective case-control study. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 72:88-94. [PMID: 37499555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal infarction (RI) is rare but clinically important because the appropriate treatment depends on the time of diagnosis. RI is often misdiagnosed as acute pyelonephritis (APN) because both diseases have nonspecific symptoms such as flank pain and abdominal pain. We identified predictors for distinguishing RI from APN. METHODS The data of patients visited the emergency department and diagnosed with RI or APN from March 2016 to May 2020 were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Patients aged under 18 years, with a history of trauma, or incomplete medical records were excluded. Using a matching ratio of 1:5, RI patients were randomly matched to APN patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors that could distinguish RI from APN. In addition, we constructed a decision tree to identify patterns of risk factors and develop prediction algorithms. RESULTS The RI and APN groups included 55 and 275 patients, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male sex (OR, 6.161; p = 0.009), atrial fibrillation (AF) (OR, 14.303; p = 0.021), costovertebral angle tenderness (CVAT) (OR, 0.106; p < 0.001), aspartate transaminase (AST) level > 21.50 U/L (OR, 19.820; p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) level < 19.75 mg/L (OR, 10.167; p < 0.001), and pyuria (OR, 0.037; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with RI distinguishing from APN. CONCLUSION Male sex, AF, no CVAT, AST level > 21.50 U/L, CRP level < 19.75 mg/L, and no pyuria were significant factors that could distinguish RI from APN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungho Woo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soon Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Moon
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Trial Center, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangun Nah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangsoo Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea.
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Farooq MZ, Wang X, Yan X. Effects of Aeriscardovia aeriphila on growth performance, antioxidant functions, immune responses, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:1014-1026. [PMID: 37961803 PMCID: PMC10646399 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Aeriscardovia aeriphila, also known as Bifidobacterium aerophilum, was first isolated from the caecal contents of pigs and the faeces of cotton-top tamarin. Bifidobacterium species play important roles in preventing intestinal infections, decreasing cholesterol levels, and stimulating the immune system. In this study, we isolated a strain of bacteria from the duodenal contents of broiler chickens, which was identified as A. aeriphila, and then evaluated the effects of A. aeriphila on growth performance, antioxidant functions, immune functions, and gut microbiota in commercial broiler chickens. Chickens were orally gavaged with A. aeriphila (1×109 CFU/mL) for 21 d. The results showed that A. aeriphila treatment significantly increased the average daily gain and reduced the feed conversion ratio (P<0.001). The levels of serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were significantly increased following A. aeriphila treatment (P<0.05). Blood urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase levels were decreased, whereas glucose and creatinine levels increased as a result of A. aeriphila treatment. Furthermore, the levels of serum antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (P<0.01), superoxide dismutase (P<0.001), and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05), and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05) were enhanced following A. aeriphila treatment. A. aeriphila treatment significantly increased the levels of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) (P<0.05), IgG (P<0.01), IgM (P<0.05), interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P<0.05), IL-4 (P<0.05), and IL-10 (P<0.05). The broiler chickens in the A. aeriphila group had higher secretory IgA (SIgA) levels in the duodenum (P<0.01), jejunum (P<0.001), and cecum (P<0.001) than those in the control group. The messenger RNA (mRNA) relative expression levels of IL-10 (P<0.05) and IL-4 (P<0.001) in the intestinal mucosa of chickens were increased, while nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (P<0.001) expression was decreased in the A. aeriphila group compared to the control group. Phylum-level analysis revealed Firmicutes as the main phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, in both groups. The data also found that Phascolarctobacterium and Barnesiella were increased in A. aeriphila-treated group. In conclusion, oral administration of A. aeriphila could improve the growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, immune modulation, and gut health of broilers. Our findings may provide important information for the application of A. aeriphila in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Farooq
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang Campus), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Xinkai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Arai Y, Okanishi T, Kanai S, Ohta K, Sunada H, Noma H, Maegaki Y. Identifying risk factors for adverse events of pyridoxal phosphate in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 145:109348. [PMID: 37459718 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is characterized by epileptic spasms, regardless of hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalogram or neurodevelopmental delay. In Japan, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is often used as the first-line treatment for IESS because it is effective in a certain number of patients. Although several studies have reported serious adverse events following PLP treatment, no study has investigated the risk factors for such occurrences. OBJECTIVE To investigate adverse events associated with PLP therapy for the treatment of IESS and to identify the associated risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated adverse events in 59 patients with IESS at Tottori University Hospital between January 1995 and September 2022. We subsequently collected and analyzed their clinical data and analyzed the risk factors associated with each adverse event. The cutoff values and relative risk (RR) were analyzed for items with significant associations with adverse events. RESULTS Twenty-seven (51.9%) participants experienced adverse events, including vomiting in 16 participants (59.3%), elevated liver enzyme levels in 15 participants (55.6%), and rhabdomyolysis in two participants (3.4%). No significant differences were observed between the non-adverse events group and the overall adverse events group, as well as between the non-adverse events group and the vomiting group, in terms of the factors examined. However, when comparing the non-adverse events group with the group with elevated liver enzyme levels, age at PLP treatment showed a negative correlation, whereas PLP dose showed a positive correlation with elevated liver enzyme levels. The cutoff dose was 40 mg/kg/day (73.3% sensitivity and 60.7% specificity), and the cutoff age was 9 months (100% sensitivity and 40.0% specificity). RRs of doses ≥40 mg/kg/day and age <9 months were 2.6 and 3.6, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Adverse events of PLP therapy, including vomiting, elevated liver enzymes, and rhabdomyolysis, were observed in approximately half of the participants. Age under 9 months and a dose ≥40 mg/kg/day were identified as risk factors for elevation of liver enzymes on PLP treatment in infants with IESS, with rhabdomyolysis can occur in the younger or higher dose cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Arai
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tohru Okanishi
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
| | - Sotaro Kanai
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kento Ohta
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunada
- Advanced Medicine, Innovation and Clinical Research Center, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hisashi Noma
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maegaki
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Kan F, Kucukkurt I. The effects of boron on some biochemical parameters: A review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127249. [PMID: 37413926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boron; It is used mainly in glass and ceramics, in the defense industry, in jet and rocket fuel, as a disinfectant, and even in the agricultural sector to increase or prevent vegetation development. Its use in the health field has become more widespread when studies in recent years are reviewed. Although it has been reported that boron has essential biological effects on minerals, some enzymes, and hormones, the mechanism of these biological effects has yet to be fully elucidated. This review aims to bring a new perspective to researchers by combining the results of experimental studies in the literature on the effects of boron on some biochemical parameters. METHODS Works of literature on boron were brought together using more than one database (WOS, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar). The animal, boron type and dose used in the experimental study, and biochemical parameters (glucose, urea, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), uric acid, creatinine, creatine kinase, blood lipid profile, minerals, liver function tests) were systematically compiled. RESULTS It was observed that the studies mainly focused on glucose and lipid profiles and had a lowering effect on these parameters. From a mineral point of view, the studies are mostly related to the bone matrix. CONCLUSION Although the mechanism of action of boron on biochemical parameters has not yet been clarified, it would be beneficial to examine its relationship with hormones in more depth. A good understanding and analysis of the effect of boron, which is widely used, on biochemical parameters will be beneficial in taking necessary precautions for human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahriye Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Kucukkurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Bari MA, MahmoodAlobaidi MA, Ansari HA, Parrey JA, Ajhar A, Nuhmani S, Alghadir AH, Khan M. Effects of an aerobic training program on liver functions in male athletes: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9427. [PMID: 37296202 PMCID: PMC10256744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal functioning of the liver is essential for athletic performance. It is necessary to maintain the liver's enzymes at an optimal level so that liver cells can be protected from inflammation or damage. This study investigated the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise program on the liver function of adult athletes. A pretest-posttest experimental design was used. A total of thirty healthy male athletes (football players) aged 21 to 24 years were recruited for this study and randomly and equally divided into the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The CG did not participate in any special activities. The EG performed an aerobic training program consisting of several exercises for 12 weeks. Evaluation of all participants in both groups was carried out before and after the intervention by measuring the blood levels of Alkaline phosphate, AST/SGOT, ALT/SGPT, Bilirubin Total/indirect/direct, Albumin, Globulin, and Total protein using the standard methods by collecting blood samples. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in Bilirubin and globulin levels in the EG after 12 weeks of aerobic training sessions. However, there was no significant difference in alkaline phosphate, AST/SGOT, ALT/SGPT Total protein, and Albumin (p > 0.05) between both groups post-treatment. The 12 weeks of aerobic training used in the study can potentially improve the liver function of adult athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Arshad Bari
- Department of Physical Education, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Hena Ayub Ansari
- Department of Pathology, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Arish Ajhar
- Department of Physical Education, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shibili Nuhmani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood Khan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Lu Y, Hu J, Chen L, Li S, Yuan M, Tian X, Cao P, Qiu Z. Ferroptosis as an emerging therapeutic target in liver diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1196287. [PMID: 37256232 PMCID: PMC10225528 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1196287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependently nonapoptotic cell death characterized by excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides and cellular iron metabolism disturbances. Impaired iron homeostasis and dysregulation of metabolic pathways are contributors to ferroptosis. As a major metabolic hub, the liver synthesizes and transports plasma proteins and endogenous fatty acids. Also, it acts as the primary location of iron storage for hepcidin generation and secretion. To date, although the intricate correlation between ferroptosis and liver disorders needs to be better defined, there is no doubt that ferroptosis participates in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Accordingly, pharmacological induction and inhibition of ferroptosis show significant potential for the treatment of hepatic disorders involved in lipid peroxidation. In this review, we outline the prominent features, molecular mechanisms, and modulatory networks of ferroptosis and its physiopathologic functions in the progression of liver diseases. Further, this review summarizes the underlying mechanisms by which ferroptosis inducers and inhibitors ameliorate liver diseases. It is noteworthy that natural active ingredients show efficacy in preclinical liver disease models by regulating ferroptosis. Finally, we analyze crucial concepts and urgent issues concerning ferroptosis as a novel therapeutic target in the diagnosis and therapy of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianxiang Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Dehzad MJ, Ghalandari H, Amini MR, Askarpour M. Effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on liver function in adults: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2023; 74:102952. [PMID: 37178581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver conditions are major burdens upon health systems around the world. Turmeric /curcumin is believed to possess therapeutic features in ameliorating various metabolic disorders. In this systematic review and meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we examined the effect of turmeric/curcumin supplementation on some liver function tests (LFTs). METHODS We comprehensively searched online databases (i.e. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) from inception up to October 2022. Final outcomes included aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were reported. In case of between-study heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was conducted. Non-linear dose-response analysis was carried out to detect the potential effect of dosage and duration. The registration code is CRD42022374871. RESULTS Thirty-one RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Turmeric/curcumin supplementation significantly reduced blood levels of ALT (WMD = -4.09 U/L; 95 % CI = -6.49, -1.70) and AST (WMD = -3.81 U/L; 95 % CI = -5.71, -1.91), but not GGT (WMD: -12.78 U/L; 95 % CI: -28.20, 2.64). These improvements, though statistically significant, do not ensure clinical effectiveness. CONCLUSION It seems that turmeric/curcumin supplementation might be effective in improving AST and ALT levels. However, further clinical trials are needed to examine its effect on GGT. Quality of the evidence across the studies was low for AST and ALT and very low for GGT. Therefore, more studies with high quality are needed to assess this intervention on hepatic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafar Dehzad
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Liu Z, Yuan J, Wen P, Guo X, Li K, Wang Y, Liu R, Guo Y, Li D. Effect of Lard or Plus Soybean Oil on Markers of Liver Function in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091894. [PMID: 37174432 PMCID: PMC10178189 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have consumed lard for thousands of years, but in recent decades, it has become much less popular because it is regarded as saturated fat. Animal studies showed that lard plus soybean oil (blend oil) was more advantageous for liver health than using either oil alone. This study aims to assess the effects of blend oil on liver function markers in healthy subjects. The 345 healthy subjects were randomized into 3 isoenergetic diet groups with different edible oils (30 g/day) (soybean oil, lard, and blend oil (50% lard and 50% soybean oil)) for 12 weeks. The reductions in both aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were greater in the blend oil group than in the two other groups (p = 0.001 and <0.001 for the interaction between diet group and time, respectively). The reductions in AST and ALT in the blend oil group were more significant compared with those in the soybean oil group (p < 0.001) or lard group (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the other liver function markers between the groups. Thus, blend oil was beneficial for liver function markers such as AST and ALT compared with soybean oil and lard alone, which might help prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jihong Yuan
- No. 2 Department of Nutrition, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Supply Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yinpeng Wang
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Doungchawee J, Castellanos-García LJ, Sikora KN, Jeon T, Goswami R, Fedeli S, Gupta A, Huang R, Hirschbiegel CM, Cao-Milán R, Majhi PKD, Cicek YA, Liu L, Jerry DJ, Vachet RW, Rotello VM. Bioorthogonal nanozymes for breast cancer imaging and therapy. J Control Release 2023; 357:31-39. [PMID: 36948419 PMCID: PMC10164715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal catalysis via transition metal catalysts (TMCs) enables the generation of therapeutics locally through chemical reactions not accessible by biological systems. This localization can enhance the efficacy of anticancer treatment while minimizing off-target effects. The encapsulation of TMCs into nanomaterials generates "nanozymes" to activate imaging and therapeutic agents. Here, we report the use of cationic bioorthogonal nanozymes to create localized "drug factories" for cancer therapy in vivo. These nanozymes remained present at the tumor site at least seven days after a single injection due to the interactions between cationic surface ligands and negatively charged cell membranes and tissue components. The prodrug was then administered systemically, and the nanozymes continuously converted the non-toxic molecules into active drugs locally. This strategy substantially reduced the tumor growth in an aggressive breast cancer model, with significantly reduced liver damage compared to traditional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yuanchang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jeerapat Doungchawee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Kristen N Sikora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Aarohi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Roberto Cao-Milán
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Prabin K D Majhi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 N Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yagiz Anil Cicek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 N Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Richard W Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Sallam MF, Ahmed HMS, El-Nekeety AA, Diab KA, Abdel-Aziem SH, Sharaf HA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Assessment of the Oxidative Damage and Genotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Exploring the Protective Role of Holy Basil Oil Nanoemulsions in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1301-1316. [PMID: 35416606 PMCID: PMC9898350 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the oxidative damage, genotoxicity, and DNA damage in the liver of rats treated with titanium nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) with an average size of 28.0 nm and ξ-potential of - 33.97 mV, and to estimate the protective role of holy basil essential oil nanoemulsion (HBEON). Six groups of Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 3 weeks as follows: the control group, HBEO or HBEON-treated groups (5 mg/kg b.w), TiO2-NPs-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w), and the groups treated with TiO2-NPs plus HBEO or HBEON. Samples of blood and tissues were collected for different analyses. The results revealed that 55 compounds were identified in HBEO, and linalool and methyl chavicol were the major compounds (53.9%, 12.63%, respectively). HBEON were semi-round with the average size and ζ-potential of 120 ± 4.5 nm and - 28 ± 1.3 mV, respectively. TiO2-NP administration increased the serum biochemical indices, oxidative stress markers, serum cytokines, DNA fragmentation, and DNA breakages; decreased the antioxidant enzymes; and induced histological alterations in the liver. Co-administration of TiO2-NPs plus HBEO or HBEON improved all the tested parameters and the liver histology, and HBEON was more effective than HBEO. Therefore, HEBON is a promising candidate able to protect against oxidative damage, disturbances in biochemical markers, gene expression, DNA damage, and histological changes resulting from exposure to TiO2-NPs and may be applicable in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Sallam
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Helmy M S Ahmed
- Toxicology & Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawthar A Diab
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hafiza A Sharaf
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Morinda lucida stem bark reversed the pattern and extent of lead nitrate-induced liver injury in Wistar rats. Morphologie 2023; 107:55-66. [PMID: 35691788 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lead toxicity remains one of the most important occupational and environmental health problems with characteristic features that are incompatible with life. Considering the foregoing, we investigated the ameliorative potentials of Morinda lucida stem bark (MLSB) extract on lead nitrate-induced hepatic injury with particular emphasis on its effects on the pattern and extent of lead nitrate toxicity. Thirty-six adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=6). Normal control group received 2.2mL/kg distilled water only for 4 weeks while hepatic injury was induced by 2-week oral administration of 30mg/kg lead nitrate to experimental rats in the remaining five groups. Following induction, test groups were treated with MLSB for another 2 weeks at 100, 250, and 500mg/kg concentrations respectively while silymarin was administered orally for 2 weeks to positive control group. At the end of the study, serum activities of liver function enzymes and tissue levels of malondialdehyde were determined. Patterns and extent of injury were determined in hematoxylin and eosin-stained section. The result revealed a significant reduction in sera levels of liver function enzymes and tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in extract treated groups. Lead nitrate-induced necrotic changes and other deranged features observed in histological sections were multifocal and they span through multiple zones of hepatic acini (panacinar), MLSB at 250mg/kg concentration reversed by some of these effects. The study concluded that ameliorative property of MLSB could be due to the antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties of its phenolic compounds.
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Abouelezz HM, Shehatou GS, Shebl AM, Salem HA. A standardized pomegranate fruit extract ameliorates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats via AGE-RAGE-ROS signaling. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14256. [PMID: 36938469 PMCID: PMC10015255 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate a possible mechanism that may mediate the hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) against thioacetamide (THIO)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 8 each): control; PFE (150 mg/kg/day, orally); THIO (200 mg/kg, i.p, 3 times a week); and THIO and PFE-treated groups. Oral PFE treatment decreased liver/body weight ratio by 12.4%, diminished serum function levels of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and total bilirubin, increased serum albumin, boosted hepatic GSH (by 35.6%) and SOD (by 17.5%), and significantly reduced hepatic levels of ROS, MDA, 4-HNE, AGEs, and RAGE in THIO-fibrotic rats relative to untreated THIO group. Moreover, PFE administration downregulated the hepatic levels of profibrotic TGF-β1 (by 23.0%, P < 0.001) and TIMP-1 (by 41.5%, P < 0.001), attenuated α-SMA protein expression, decreased serum HA levels (by 41.3%), and reduced the hepatic levels of the fibrosis markers hydroxyproline (by 26.0%, P < 0.001), collagen type IV (by 44.3%, P < 0.001) and laminin (by 43.4%, P < 0.001) compared to the untreated THIO group. The histopathological examination has corroborated these findings, where PFE decreased hepatic nodule incidence, attenuated portal necroinflammation and reduced extent of fibrosis. These findings may suggest that oral PFE administration could slow the progression of hepatic fibrogenesis via reducing hepatic levels of AGEs, RAGE, ROS, TGF-β1, and TIMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer M. Abouelezz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - George S.G. Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City, Egypt
| | - Abdelhadi M. Shebl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Lakshmi Devi A, Resmi PE, Pradeep A, Suneesh PV, Nair BG, Satheesh Babu TG. A paper-based point-of-care testing device for the colourimetric estimation of bilirubin in blood sample. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122045. [PMID: 36327811 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A paper-based colourimetric assay for the Point-of-Care Testing (PoCT) of bilirubin has been developed based on the formation of a green-coloured copper-bilirubin complex from a blue-coloured tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate complex. The reaction was studied and optimized by UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy and translated onto a paper strip. Hydrophobic circular well patterns on Whatman chromatography paper were created by wax printing. The tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate complex was drop cast and dried on the reagent zones in the wax-patterned paper. The images of reagent zones captured using a scanner were analyzed using ImageJ software. Bilirubin spiked blood serum was tested in the concentration range of 1.2 to 950 µM. The PAD exhibited sensitivities of 0.4197 a.u/μM and 0.1040 a.u/μM for concentration ranges of bilirubin 1.2 to 96 μM and 105 to 950 μM respectively and a low detection limit of 0.799 µM. The method is highly selective to bilirubin, even in the presence of other biomarkers in serum. A plasma separation membrane incorporated PAD was fabricated for the final testing and quantification of bilirubin from whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lakshmi Devi
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641 112, India; Amrita Biosensor Research Lab, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641 112, India.
| | - P E Resmi
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641 112, India; Amrita Biosensor Research Lab, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641 112, India.
| | - Aarathi Pradeep
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641 112, India; Amrita Biosensor Research Lab, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641 112, India.
| | - P V Suneesh
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641 112, India; Amrita Biosensor Research Lab, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641 112, India.
| | - Bipin G Nair
- Amrita Biomedical Engineering Centre, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641 112, India; Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri 690 525, India.
| | - T G Satheesh Babu
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641 112, India; Amrita Biosensor Research Lab, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641 112, India; Amrita Biomedical Engineering Centre, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641 112, India.
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Adane F, Assefa W, Alem MB, Dessalegn M. Sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth on biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver and kidney in rats: in vivo and in- silico toxicity studies. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:30. [PMID: 36732775 PMCID: PMC9893677 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aerial part of Ocimum lamiifolium is commonly used in Ethiopian traditional medicine. Although this plant is mostly used in traditional medicine, its safety profile has not been documented yet. The aim of this study was to assess the sub-chronic toxicity of O. lamiifolium aqueous extract in rats and to determine the toxicity profile of GC-MS identified bioactive compounds obtained from essential oil of O. lamiifolium using in silico toxicity methods. METHODS Eighty rats (40 male and 40 female) were randomly assigned to four groups of ten rats per sex/group. For 90 days, Groups I-III received 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg bw of aqueous extract of O. lamiifolium, respectively. Distilled water was given to Group IV (control). Clinical observations, food intake, and rat weight were all recorded during the experiment. In addition, several biochemical parameters, organ weight, and histology of the liver and kidney were all evaluated. For the in-silico toxicity study, GC-MS identified bioactive compounds in O. lamiifolium essential oil were obtained from published articles. The compounds two-dimensional structures were constructed using Chemdraw. The two-dimensional structures were converted into a simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) using the Swiss ADMET web tool. Furthermore, the toxicity parameters were predicted using the ProTox II server. RESULTS The administration of an aqueous extract of O. lamiifolium leaves significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the test animals' food intake and body weight gain. In the high dose (600 mg/kg bw) treated group, the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In female rats given 600 mg/kg bw of O. lamiifolium, the levels of serum urea were also increased. In addition, rats given 600 mg/kg bw had significantly lower blood glucose levels than the control group (p < 0.05). Doses up to 400 mg/kg bw didn't bring a significant change to the histology of the liver. However, in the high dose (600 mg/kg bw) treated group, some female rats' livers showed mild sinusoidal and central vein dilatation, as well as parenchymal necrosis. our findings showed that all compounds derived from the essential oil of O. lamiifolium showed no mutagenicity or cytotoxicity. However, 30% of the compounds tested were hepatotoxic, 20% carcinogenic, and 20% immunotoxin. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that oral administration of O. lamiifoliums aqueous extract up to a dose of 400 mg/kg bw is not toxic. However, high-dose (600 mg/kg bw) significantly affected the food consumption and weight gain of the experimental rats and the serum concentration of some liver and kidney enzymes were also significantly increased. Additionally, a considerable proportion of the tested compounds were predicted to be hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and immunotoxin. Furthermore, before employing O. lamiifolium preparations as drugs, a chronic toxicity research on the essential oil as well as its components that exhibited toxicity in the in-silico toxicity study is needed. Finally, use high doses of O. lamiifolium leaves with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fentahun Adane
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Wubshet Assefa
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Bitew Alem
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Megbar Dessalegn
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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El-Elimat T, Al-Tal BK, Al-Sawalha NA, Alsaggar M, Nusair SD, Al‐Qiam R, Al Sharie AH, El Hajji F, Hamadneh L. Sumc (Rhus coriaria L.) fruit ameliorates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Fei N, Miyoshi S, Hermanson JB, Miyoshi J, Xie B, DeLeon O, Hawkins M, Charlton W, D’Souza M, Hart J, Sulakhe D, Martinez-Guryn KB, Chang EB, Charlton MR, Leone VA. Imbalanced gut microbiota predicts and drives the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a fast-food diet mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.09.523249. [PMID: 36712061 PMCID: PMC9882021 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.09.523249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is multifactorial in nature, affecting over a billion people worldwide. The gut microbiome has emerged as an associative factor in NAFLD, yet mechanistic contributions are unclear. Here, we show fast food (FF) diets containing high fat, added cholesterol, and fructose/glucose drinking water differentially impact short- vs. long-term NAFLD severity and progression in conventionally-raised, but not germ-free mice. Correlation and machine learning analyses independently demonstrate FF diets induce early and specific gut microbiota changes that are predictive of NAFLD indicators, with corresponding microbial community instability relative to control-fed mice. Shotgun metagenomics showed FF diets containing high cholesterol elevate fecal pro-inflammatory effectors over time, relating to a reshaping of host hepatic metabolic and inflammatory transcriptomes. FF diet-induced gut dysbiosis precedes onset and is highly predictive of NAFLD outcomes, providing potential insights into microbially-based pathogenesis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Fei
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Sawako Miyoshi
- Department of General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1818611, Japan
| | - Jake B. Hermanson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1818611, Japan
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Orlando DeLeon
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Maximilian Hawkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - William Charlton
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mark D’Souza
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - John Hart
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Dinanath Sulakhe
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Michael R. Charlton
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Vanessa A. Leone
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Chen YK, Wu PY, Huang JC, Chen SC, Chang JM. Sex difference in the associations among liver function parameters with incident diabetes mellitus in a large Taiwanese population follow-up study. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1081374. [PMID: 36684957 PMCID: PMC9845575 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1081374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Taiwan between 2017 and 2020 was 11.05%, which is higher than the global prevalence (10.5%). Previous studies have shown that patients with DM have higher liver enzyme levels than those without DM. However, it is unclear whether there are sex differences in the association between incident DM and liver function. Therefore, the aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate this issue in a large Taiwanese cohort. Methods We identified 27,026 participants from the Taiwan Biobank, and excluded those with baseline DM (n = 2,637), and those without follow-up data on DM, serum fasting glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (n = 43). The remaining 24,346 participants (male: 8,334; female: 16,012; mean age 50.5 ± 10.4 years) were enrolled and followed for a median of 4 years. Results Of the enrolled participants, 1,109 (4.6%) had incident DM and 23,237 (95.4%) did not. Multivariable analysis showed that high levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) (p < 0.001), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.001), albumin (p = 0.003), α-fetoprotein (p = 0.019), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with incident DM in the male participants. In comparison, high levels of AST (p = 0.010), ALT (p < 0.001), albumin (p = 0.001) and GGT (p < 0.001), and low total bilirubin (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with incident DM in the female participants. There were significant interactions between total bilirubin and sex (p = 0.031), and GGT and sex (p = 0.011) on incident DM. Conclusion In conclusion, liver function parameters were significantly associated with incident DM. Further, there were differences in the associations between the male and female participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kong Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Chi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Ming Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Theobroma cacao fortified-feed ameliorates potassium bromate-induced oxidative damage in male Wistar rat. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:269-280. [PMID: 36876028 PMCID: PMC9976575 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Some therapeutic and beneficial health properties of the Theobroma cacao leaf have been documented. This study evaluated the ameliorative effect of Theobroma cacao-fortified feed against potassium bromate-induced oxidative damage in male Wistar rats. Thirty rats were randomly grouped into A-E. Except for E (the negative control), the rats in the other groups were administered 0.5 ml of 10 mg/kg body weight of potassium bromate daily using oral gavage and then allowed access to feed and water ad libitum. Groups B, C, and D were fed with 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % leaf-fortified feed respectively, while the negative and positive control (A) was fed with commercial feed. The treatment was carried out consecutively for fourteen days. In the liver and kidney, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in total protein concentration, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in MDA level, and SOD activity in the fortified feed group compared to the positive control. Furthermore, in the serum, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the albumin concentration, and ALT activity, and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in urea concentration in the fortified feed groups compared to the positive control. The histopathology of the liver and kidney in the treated groups showed moderate cell degeneration compared to the positive control group. Antioxidant activity due to the presence of flavonoids and metal chelating activity of fiber in Theobroma cacao leaf could be responsible for the ameliorative effect of the fortified feed against potassium bromate-induced oxidative damage.
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Soremekun C, Machipisa T, Soremekun O, Pirie F, Oyekanmi N, Motala AA, Chikowore T, Fatumo S. Multivariate GWAS analysis reveals loci associated with liver functions in continental African populations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280344. [PMID: 36809439 PMCID: PMC9942994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver disease is any condition that causes liver damage and inflammation and may likely affect the function of the liver. Vital biochemical screening tools that can be used to evaluate the health of the liver and help diagnose, prevent, monitor, and control the development of liver disease are known as liver function tests (LFT). LFTs are performed to estimate the level of liver biomarkers in the blood. Several factors are associated with differences in concentration levels of LFTs in individuals, such as genetic and environmental factors. The aim of our study was to identify genetic loci associated with liver biomarker levels with a shared genetic basis in continental Africans, using a multivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. METHODS We used two distinct African populations, the Ugandan Genome Resource (UGR = 6,407) and South African Zulu cohort (SZC = 2,598). The six LFTs used in our analysis were: aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin, and albumin. A multivariate GWAS of LFTs was conducted using the exact linear mixed model (mvLMM) approach implemented in GEMMA and the resulting P-values were presented in Manhattan and quantile-quantile (QQ) plots. First, we attempted to replicate the findings of the UGR cohort in SZC. Secondly, given that the genetic architecture of UGR is different from that of SZC, we further undertook similar analysis in the SZC and discussed the results separately. RESULTS A total of 59 SNPs reached genome-wide significance (P = 5x10-8) in the UGR cohort and with 13 SNPs successfully replicated in SZC. These included a novel lead SNP near the RHPN1 locus (lead SNP rs374279268, P-value = 4.79x10-9, Effect Allele Frequency (EAF) = 0.989) and a lead SNP at the RGS11 locus (lead SNP rs148110594, P-value = 2.34x10-8, EAF = 0.928). 17 SNPs were significant in the SZC, while all the SNPs fall within a signal on chromosome 2, rs1976391 mapped to UGT1A was identified as the lead SNP within this region. CONCLUSIONS Using multivariate GWAS method improves the power to detect novel genotype-phenotype associations for liver functions not found with the standard univariate GWAS in the same dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisom Soremekun
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI, and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- H3Africa Bioinformatics Network (H3ABioNet) Node, Centre for Genomics Research and Innovation, NABDA/FMST, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tafadzwa Machipisa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Research in Africa and Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Opeyemi Soremekun
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI, and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fraser Pirie
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nashiru Oyekanmi
- H3Africa Bioinformatics Network (H3ABioNet) Node, Centre for Genomics Research and Innovation, NABDA/FMST, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ayesha A. Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tinashe Chikowore
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Pediatrics, MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Segun Fatumo
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI, and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- H3Africa Bioinformatics Network (H3ABioNet) Node, Centre for Genomics Research and Innovation, NABDA/FMST, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Woo S, Lee CA, Lee JW, Moon J, Cho YS, Nah S, Han S. Predictors for Distinguishing Renal Infarction From Urolithiasis in the Emergency Department: A Randomly Matched Retrospective Case-Control Study. J Emerg Med 2023; 64:31-39. [PMID: 36641258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency department (ED) clinicians may misdiagnose renal infarction (RI) as urolithiasis because RI is a rare disease with presenting symptoms similar to the symptoms of urolithiasis. However, earlier diagnosis of RI can improve patient prognosis. OBJECTIVES We investigated potential predictors for distinguishing RI from urolithiasis based on clinical findings and laboratory results. METHODS This randomly matched retrospective case-control study included patients who had been diagnosed with acute RI or acute urolithiasis between January 2016 and March 2020. Patients were excluded if they were aged under 18 years, had a history of trauma, or had incomplete medical records. Using a matching ratio of 1:4, RI patients were randomly matched to urolithiasis patients. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors that could distinguish RI from urolithiasis. RESULTS In total, 48 patients were included in the RI group and 192 patients were included in the urolithiasis group. Multivariable logistic regression showed that age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio [OR] 6.155; p = 0.022), atrial fibrillation (OR 18.472; p = 0.045), current smoking (OR 17.070; p = 0.001), costovertebral angle tenderness (OR 0.179; p = 0.037), aspartate aminotransferase level ≥ 27.5 U/L (OR 6.932; p = 0.009), sodium level ≥ 138.5 mEq/L (OR 0.079; p = 0.004), and hematuria (OR 0.042; p = 0.001) were significant predictors that could distinguish RI from urolithiasis. Based on these results, a nomogram was constructed. CONCLUSION Age ≥ 65 years, atrial fibrillation, current smoking, absence of costovertebral angle tenderness, aspartate aminotransferase level ≥ 27.5 U/L, sodium level < 138.5 mEq/L, and absence of hematuria were predictors that can distinguish between RI and urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungho Woo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choung Ah Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Moon
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Trial Center, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soon Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangun Nah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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Ewere EG, Okolie NP, Ndem JI, Eze GI, Oyebadejo SA. Irvingia gabonensis leaf extract scavenges nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in vitro and modulates arsenic-induced hepatic oxidative stress in wistar rats. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-022-00346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Arsenic is a carcinogenic heavy metal that contaminates the environment, predisposing the exposed populace to its detrimental health effects. This study investigated the liver protective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis (ELEIG) in sodium arsenite (SA)-exposed Wistar rats and its nitric oxide (NO.) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-scavenging properties in vitro.
Methods
Eleven experimental groups made up of five (5) rats each (weight range 100 - 161 g) were used in this study. Group 1 (normal control) had normal rat chow and water. Group 2 received 4.1 mg/kg body weight (kgbw) of SA. Groups 3–8 received SA and graded doses of ELEIG and groups 9-11 had varied doses of ELEIG. Treatment, which spanned 14 days, was by oral gavage. Concentrations of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as activities of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT) and concentrations of total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) were determined using standard procedures. Standard methods were also used to determine the in vitro NO. and H2O2-scavenging properties of the extract.
Results
Exposure to SA orchestrated significant (p ˂ 0.05) increases in CAT, MDA, AST, ALT, ALP and GGT and significant (p ˂ 0.05) decreases in SOD and GPx, relative to control. There were insignificant (p ˃ 0.05) differences in TBIL and DBIL concentrations, compared with control. Simultaneous and post-treatment with ELEIG at graded doses, alleviated the noxious effects of SA. In addition, ELEIG scavenged NO. and H2O2 in concentration-dependent manner.
Conclusion
The results suggest that ELEIG possesses potent antioxidant property and combats SA-induced hepatic oxidative stress/toxicity in Wistar rats.
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Kamal A, Mahmood A, Zaman M, Farooq M, Nasir B, Islam N, Sarfraz RM, Zafar N, Murtaza G, Raheel AB, Shahid A, Abid Z, Ahmed S. Evaluation of Renessans (Iodine Complex Molecule) Safety in Human Beings: An Open-Labeled Clinical Study. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221129777. [PMID: 36246169 PMCID: PMC9558878 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221129777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies on evaluation of effectiveness/toxicity of different oral doses
of iodine have not been explored yet. An open-labeled phase I clinical studies
were conducted using iodine complex based research compound called Renessans.
Study groups were observed for development of any adverse/serious adverse events
and alteration in laboratory values of vital organs, TSH and T4 hormones before
and after the administration of the products. Out of 31 consented individuals,
24 healthy individuals participated in the study. Rate of occurrence of mild
Adverse Events (AEs) in group A was 8.3% while in Group B it was 33.33% but
these Adverse Events were self-resolving. After completion of study treatment
blood serum iodine was reported to 3522.88 µg/l while mean urine iodine
concentration (MUIC) was greater than 2000 µg/l. Hormonal and vital organ’s
testing revealed that all parameters of TSH and T4, LFT, CBC, RFT remained
unaltered except from ALT-SGPT (P-value = .006) and AST-SGOT
(P-value = .02). From all of these findings, it can be
inferred that the use of Renessans formulations did not pose any sort of risk to
human body and can be considered safe through this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy,
The
University of Lahore, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy,
The
University of Lahore, Lahore,
Pakistan,Department of Pharmacy,
University of Chakwal, Chakwal,
Pakistan,Asif Mahmood, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy,
University
of Central Punjab, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Faculty of Pharmacy,
The
University of Lahore, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | - Bilal Nasir
- Lahore General
Hospital, Post Graduate Medical Institute,
Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Islam
- Multan Medical and Dental
College, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadiah Zafar
- Faculty of Pharmacy,
The
University of Lahore, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- National College of Business Administration
Economics, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Zahra Abid
- University of Management and
Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmed
- National College of Business Administration
Economics, Multan, Pakistan
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47
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Liu SC, Wu TY, Hsu TH, Lai MN, Wu YC, Ng LT. Chemical Composition and Chronic Toxicity of Disc-Cultured Antrodia cinnamomea Fruiting Bodies. TOXICS 2022; 10:587. [PMID: 36287867 PMCID: PMC9610047 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a popular fungus for use as folk medicine in health maintenance and disease prevention and treatment. Disc culture is a novel technique for producing AC fruiting bodies. This study aimed to investigate the bioactive components and toxicological properties of disc-cultured AC fruiting body powders (ACP) in rats. The HPLC technique was used to quantify the composition of bioactive triterpenoids in ACP. Toxicological properties were evaluated on male and female Sprague-Dawley rats receiving ACP orally at 200, 600, and 1000 mg/kg body weight for 90 days; the control group received only distilled water. The results show that ACP contained seven important AC index compounds, namely antcins A, B, C, K, and H, dehydrosulphurenic acid, and dehydroeburicoic acid. At the tested doses, oral ACP administration for 90 days caused no mortality, adverse effects on general health, body and organ weights, and food intake. Furthermore, no significant variations were observed in hematological and biochemical parameters among either sex of ACP-treated and control animals. An histopathological examination of vital organs showed no significant structural changes in organs, even in high-dose ACP-treated animals. This study indicated that ACP contained the major bioactive triterpenoids of AC fruiting bodies, and its no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 1000 mg/kg/day, about 20 times the recommended daily intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County 51591, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 912009, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hao Hsu
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County 51591, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Nan Lai
- Kang Jian Biotech Co., Ltd., Nantou 54245, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Lean-Teik Ng
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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48
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Nanocurcumin Improves Lipid Status, Oxidative Stress, and Function of the Liver in Aluminium Phosphide-Induced Toxicity: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7659765. [PMID: 36132078 PMCID: PMC9484886 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7659765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of nanocurcumin and curcumin on liver transaminases, lipid profile, oxidant and antioxidant system, and pathophysiological changes in aluminium phosphide (ALP) induced hepatoxicity. Material and Methods. In this experimental study, thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups curcumin (Cur), nanocurcumin (Nanocur), ALP, ALP+Cur, and ALP+Nanocur. All treatments were performed by oral gavage for seven days. After treatment, animals were sacrificed, and liver and blood samples were taken. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were measured by photometric methods. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as parameters of oxidative stress and mRNA expression of the nonenzyme protein including Sirtuin 1 (STR1), Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and protein O3 (FOXO3), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as the enzyme protein in homogenized tissues have been investigated. A histologist analyzed liver tissue sections after staining with hematoxylin-eosin. Results In the aluminium phosphide group, there was a significant increase in MDA, ALT, AST, and AP and total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL; AST, ALT, total bilirubin, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol, and MDA were significantly decreased; and HDL and TAC were significantly increased compared to ALP (P < 0.05). In the ALP+Nanocur group, ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, triglyceride, and MDA were significantly decreased and HDL and TAC were increased significantly (P < 0.05). The effect of nanocurcumin on controlling serum levels of LDL, VLDL, triglyceride, and MDA in ALP-poisoned rats was significantly more than curcumin (P < 0.05). The ALP group had significant changes in genes SIRT1, FOXO1a, FOXO3a, CAT, and GPX compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). Nanocurcumin mice expressed more SIRT1, FOXO1a, CAT, and GPX genes than controls, and curcumin-treated mice expressed more SIRT1 and FOXO1a genes (P < 0.05). Histopathological findings also indicated a more significant protective effect of nanocurcumin relative to curcumin against ALP-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusion Nanocurcumin significantly protects the liver against aluminum phosphide toxicity. It is suggested that nanocurcumin-based drugs be developed to reduce the toxic effects of ALP in poisoned patients.
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El-Kafoury B, Mohamed F, Bahgat N, El Samad AA, Shawky M, Abdel-Hady EA. Failure of subcutaneous lipectomy to combat metabolic dysregulations in ovariectomy-induced obesity in young female rats. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:421-436. [PMID: 35486321 PMCID: PMC9464754 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The deleterious effect of visceral adipose tissue accumulation is well known. However, the recent trend in liposuction is mal-directed toward easily accessible subcutaneous fat for the purpose of body shaping. The aim of the present study is to probe the metabolic effects of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipectomy in ovariectomized obese rats as well as the role of adipokines in these changes. METHODS The study was conducted on young female rats randomized into two main groups according to the duration of the experiment, namely, 5-week and 10-week. Both groups were subdivided as follows: sham-operated, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized lipectomized rat groups. The rats underwent measurement of body weight (BW) and determination of body mass index (BMI). Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, liver function, plasma malondialdehyde, leptin, and adiponectin were estimated, and the content of both blood and hepatic tissue of reduced glutathione was assessed. In addition, histological study of the liver, aorta, and perirenal fat of all rat groups was performed. RESULTS Ovariectomy-induced obesity is marked by a significant increase in BW and BMI. Following subcutaneous lipectomy, the rats exhibited significant weight gain accompanied by fasting hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, deterioration of synthetic function of the liver, and disturbed oxidant/antioxidant status. Histological examination revealed fatty infiltration of aortic and hepatic tissues. CONCLUSION Despite the immediate positive effect of subcutaneous lipectomy for weight loss and/or body shaping, multiple delayed hazards follow the procedure, which should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bataa El-Kafoury
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Bahgat
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Abd El Samad
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Shawky
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas A Abdel-Hady
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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50
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Ngámbi JW, Selapa MJ, Brown D, Manyelo TG. The effect of varying levels of purified condensed tannins on performance, blood profile, meat quality and methane emission in male Bapedi sheep fed grass hay and pellet-based diet. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:263. [PMID: 35960378 PMCID: PMC9374631 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the effect of purified condensed tannin inclusion levels in a diet on production, haematological indices, blood biochemical components, meat quality and methane emission by yearling indigenous male Bapedi sheep on a grass hay and sheep pellet-based diet in a 28-day trial. The diets contained similar (P > 0.05) nutrients but with different (P < 0.05) purified condensed tannin supplementation levels. A complete randomized design was used. Twenty-four yearling male Bapedi sheep were assigned to four dietary treatments having different purified condensed tannin levels of 0 (GH80P20PCT0), 30 (GH80P20PCT30), 40 (GH80P20PCT40) and 50 (GH80P20PCT50) g/kg DM. A quadratic type of equation was also used to determine condensed tannin supplementation levels for optimal performance and methane emission reduction by sheep. Supplementing diets with purified condensed tannins did not affect (P > 0.05) diet intake, digestibility and live weight gain of male Bapedi sheep. Supplementing diets with purified condensed tannins did not affect (P > 0.05) blood components of male Bapedi sheep. Inclusion of condensed tannins in the diets did not affect (P > 0.05) Bapedi sheep meat pH and sensory attributes. However, supplementing diets with purified condensed tannins decreased (P < 0.05) methane emission by 51 to 60%. A 49.08 g supplementation level with purified condensed tannins per kg DM diet was calculated, with the use of quadratic equations, to result in the lowest methane emission by male Bapedi sheep. The meat of male Bapedi rams on diets containing 30, 40 or 50 g of purified condensed tannins per kg DM contained higher (P < 0.05) antioxidant activities than those from rams fed a diet without purified condensed tannins. These results indicate that purified condensed tannin supplementation levels of 0, 30, 40 or 50 g/kg DM diet had no adverse effects on growth performance, blood profiles and meat sensory attributes of male Bapedi sheep. However, supplementation levels of 30, 40 or 50 g of purified condensed tannins per kg DM diet reduced methane emission by 51 to 60%, and increased sheep meat antioxidant activity values. Supplementing diets with purified condensed tannins has the potential to reduce methane production and emission by sheep. However, long-term studies are recommended to ascertain the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Ngámbi
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - M J Selapa
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - D Brown
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - T G Manyelo
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa.
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