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Yu Z, Zhang T, Yang X, Xu B, Yu Z, An L, Xu T, Jing X, Wang Y, Lu M. Neuregulin4-ErbB4 signalling pathway is driven by electroacupuncture stimulation to remodel brown adipose tissue innervation. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3880-3896. [PMID: 38951947 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To show that electroacupuncture stimulation (ES) remodels sympathetic innervation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) via the bone morphogenic protein 8B (BMP8B)-neuregulin 4 (NRG4)-ErbB4 axis, with somatotopic dependence. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a high-fat diet (HFD) model with C57BL/6J mice to measure the thermogenesis and metabolism of BAT. In addition, the sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) was measured with the electrophysiological technique, and the immunostaining of c-Fos was used to detect the central nervous system sources of sympathetic outflows. Finally, the key role of the BMP8B-NRG4-ErbB4 axis was verified by peripheral specific antagonism of ErbB4. RESULTS ES at the forelimb and abdomen regions significantly up-regulate SNA, whereas ES at the hindlimb region has a limited regulatory effect on SNA but still partially restores HFD-induced BAT dysfunction. Mechanistically, ES at the forelimb and abdomen regions driving catecholaminergic signals in brown adipocytes depends on neural activities projected from the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) to the spinal cord intermediolateral column (IML). Notably, the peripheral suppression of ErbB4 in BAT inhibits the thermogenesis and metabolic function of BAT, as well as significantly hindering the SNA activation and metabolic benefits induced by ES. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ES appears to be an effective approach for remodeling sympathetic innervation in BAT, which is closely related to neuronal activity in the VMH and the NRG4-ErbB4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiancheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Jing
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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2
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Liu C, Yu H, Xia H, Wang Z, Li B, Xue H, Jin S, Xiao L, Wu Y, Guo Q. Butyrate attenuates sympathetic activation in rats with chronic heart failure by inhibiting microglial inflammation in the paraventricular nucleus. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 38863438 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic activation is a hallmark of heart failure and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Butyrate is generated by gut microbiota and influences numerous physiological and pathological processes in the host. The present study aims to investigate whether the intestinal metabolite butyrate reduces sympathetic activation in rats with heart failure (HF) and the underlying mechanisms involved. Sprague-Dawley rats (220‒250 g) are anaesthetized with isoflurane, and the left anterior descending artery is ligated to model HF. Then, the rats are treated with or without butyrate sodium (NaB, a donor of butyrate, 10 g/L in water) for 8 weeks. Blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) are recorded to assess sympathetic outflow. Cardiac function is improved (mean ejection fraction, 22.6%±4.8% vs 38.3%±5.3%; P<0.05), and sympathetic activation is decreased (RSNA, 36.3%±7.9% vs 23.9%±7.6%; P<0.05) in HF rats treated with NaB compared with untreated HF rats. The plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of norepinephrine are decreased in HF rats treated with NaB. The infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus of HF model rats increases sympathetic nervous activity by upregulating the NMDA receptor. Microglia polarized to the M2 phenotype and inflammation are markedly attenuated in the PVN of HF model rats after NaB administration. In addition, HF model rats treated with NaB exhibit enhanced intestinal barrier function and increased levels of GPR109A, zona occludens-1 and occludin, but decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and zonulin. In conclusion, butyrate attenuates sympathetic activation and improves cardiac function in rats with HF. The improvements in intestinal barrier function, reductions in microglia-mediated inflammation and decreases in NMDA receptor 1 expression in the PVN are all due to the protective effects of NaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hongyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Reproduction, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Bolin Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Aging, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Experimental Center for Teaching, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Aging, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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3
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Parvanova A, Reseghetti E, Abbate M, Ruggenenti P. Mechanisms and treatment of obesity-related hypertension-Part 1: Mechanisms. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad282. [PMID: 38186879 PMCID: PMC10768772 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has tripled over the past five decades. Obesity, especially visceral obesity, is closely related to hypertension, increasing the risk of primary (essential) hypertension by 65%-75%. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing following the pandemic rise in obesity. Although the causal relationship between obesity and high blood pressure (BP) is well established, the detailed mechanisms for such association are still under research. For more than 30 years sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and kidney sodium reabsorption activation, secondary to insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, have been considered as primary mediators of elevated BP in obesity. However, experimental and clinical data show that severe insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia can occur in the absence of elevated BP, challenging the causal relationship between insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia as the key factor linking obesity to hypertension. The purpose of Part 1 of this review is to summarize the available data on recently emerging mechanisms believed to contribute to obesity-related hypertension through increased sodium reabsorption and volume expansion, such as: physical compression of the kidney by perirenal/intrarenal fat and overactivation of the systemic/renal SNS and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The role of hyperleptinemia, impaired chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflexes, and increased perivascular fat is also discussed. Specifically targeting these mechanisms may pave the way for a new therapeutic intervention in the treatment of obesity-related hypertension in the context of 'precision medicine' principles, which will be discussed in Part 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneliya Parvanova
- Department of Renal Medicine, Clinical Research Centre for Rare Diseases “Aldo e Cele Daccò”, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Elia Reseghetti
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Manuela Abbate
- Research Group on Global Health, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Research Group on Global Health and Lifestyle, Health Research Institutte of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Piero Ruggenenti
- Department of Renal Medicine, Clinical Research Centre for Rare Diseases “Aldo e Cele Daccò”, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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4
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Promising novel therapeutic targets for kidney disease: Emphasis on kidney-specific proteins. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103466. [PMID: 36509391 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, around 850 million people are diagnosed with kidney disease but the available treatment options are still limited. Preclinical studies propose a plethora of druggable targets that can attenuate kidney disease and could qualify as novel therapeutic strategies, although most of these targets still await clinical testing. Here, we review some promising candidate targets for chronic kidney disease: intermedin, periostin, sirtuin, the cannabinoid receptor, Klotho, and uromodulin. For acute kidney injury, we discuss Apelin, Elabela, growth differentiation factor-15, Fyn kinase, and Klotho. Target selection for further clinical development should consider redundancies with the standard of care, potential synergistic effects with existing treatments, as well as the potential of additional effects on the cardiovascular system as a common comorbidity in patients with kidney disease.
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5
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Su Y, Guan P, Li D, Hang Y, Ye X, Han L, Lu Y, Bai X, Zhang P, Hu W. Intermedin attenuates macrophage phagocytosis via regulation of the long noncoding RNA Dnm3os/miR-27b-3p/SLAMF7 axis in a mouse model of atherosclerosis in diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 583:35-42. [PMID: 34717123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis in diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular complications. Intermedin (IMD) is a calcitonin peptide that is known to inhibit macrophage phagocytosis in atherosclerosis, but the exact mechanism is unclear. We investigate genes that are differentially expressed in response to IMD in hyperglycemic conditions and determine whether they delay the progression of atherosclerosis. An atherosclerotic and diabetic-murine model was generated in 8-week-old male ApoE-/- mice receiving streptozotocin and a high-fat diet. The mouse model was treated with IMD and the expression levels of NF-κB, Dnm3os, miR-27b-3p, and SLAMF7 were detected in plaque tissue and macrophages cultured with high glucose concentrations. Phagocytosis was determined by oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) uptake and the interactions among Dnm3os, SLAMF7 and miR-27b-3p were assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The expression of NF-κB, Dnm3os, and SLAMF7 was enhanced in atherosclerotic plaques but decreased by IMD. The suppression of Dnm3os reduced plaque formation in IMD-treated mice even further whereas increased by miR-27b-3p. Dnm3os and SLAMF7 were competitively bind to miR-27b-3p in vivo. In vitro, ox-LDL uptake is elevated in macrophages cultured in hyperglycemic conditions but reduced by IMD. Dual-luciferase assays indicate that Dnm3os positively regulates SLAMF7 through miR-27b-3p expression. In conclusion, Dnm3os is involved in macrophage phagocytosis through the competitive binding of SLAMF7 with miR-27b-3p. IMD induces the suppression of Dnm3os to inhibit macrophage phagocytosis and alleviate atherosclerosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Su
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanwen Hang
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomiao Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Sun J, Qian P, Kang Y, Dai HB, Wang FZ, Wang HY, Zhou H, Gao Q, Zhou YB. Adrenomedullin 2 attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in microglia cells by receptor-mediated cAMP-PKA pathway. Neuropeptides 2021; 85:102109. [PMID: 33253929 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2), a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family, has been known to have anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of AM2 in LPS-activated microglia and BV2 cells. The endogenous mRNA and protein expressions of AM2, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) including RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 and the production of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Our results revealed that LPS (1 μg/mL) significantly stimulated CLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 protein expressions in BV2 microglia cells, but AM2 had a significant decrease. However, the mRNA levels of AM2, CLR, and RAMP1/2/3 were all markedly increased. LPS also induced obvious increases in mRNA and protein levels of the inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX2 and iNOS). More importantly, AM2 (10 nM) administration effectively inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of these mediators induced by LPS and increased the cAMP content in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Furthermore, the antagonism with AM2 receptor antagonist IMD17-47, adrenomedullin (AM) receptor antagonist by AM22-52 or the inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) activation by P1195 effectively prevented the inhibitory role of AM2 in LPS-induced production of the above inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, AM2 inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells that may be mainly through AM receptor-mediated cAMP-PKA pathway. Our results indicate AM2 plays an important protective role in microglia inflammation, suggesting therapeutic potential for AM2 in neuroinflammation diseases caused by activated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Pei Qian
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hang-Bing Dai
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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7
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Zheng F, Ye C, Wan GW, Zhou B, Tong Y, Lei JZ, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. Interleukin-1β in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus mediates excitatory renal reflex. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1577-1586. [PMID: 32915316 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemical stimulation of kidney causes sympathetic activation and pressor responses in rats. The excitatory renal reflex (ERR) is mediated by angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) and superoxide anions in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The aim of this study is to determine whether interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the PVN mediates the ERR, and whether the IL-1β production in the PVN is dependent on the AT1R-superoxide anion signaling. Experiments were performed in adult rats under anesthesia. The ERR was induced by renal infusion of capsaicin, and evaluated by the responses of the contralateral renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Inhibition of IL-1β production with MCC950 in the PVN dose-dependently inhibited the capsaicin-induced ERR and sympathetic activation. The PVN microinjection of IL-1 receptor antagonist IL-1Ra or specific IL-1β antibody abolished the capsaicin-induced ERR, while IL-1β enhanced the ERR. Renal infusion of capsaicin promoted p65-NFκB phosphorylation and IL-1β production in the PVN, which were prevented by PVN microinjection of NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin or the superoxide anion scavenger tempol. The PVN microinjection of NFκB inhibitor BMS-345541 abolished the capsaicin induced-ERR and IL-1β production, but not the NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide anion production. Furthermore, capsaicin-induced p65-NFκB phosphorylation and IL-1β production in the PVN were prevented by AT1R antagonist losartan, or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. These results indicate that capsaicin-induced ERR and sympathetic activation are mediated by IL-1β in the PVN. The IL-1β production in the PVN is dependent on the AT1R-mediated superoxide anion generation and NFκB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Wei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Lei
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Angiotensin Type 1 Receptors and Superoxide Anion Production in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Contribute to Capsaicin-Induced Excitatory Renal Reflex and Sympathetic Activation. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:463-474. [PMID: 31989424 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical stimulation of the kidney increases sympathetic activity and blood pressure in rats. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is important in mediating the excitatory renal reflex (ERR). In this study, we examined the role of molecular signaling in the PVN in mediating the capsaicin-induced ERR and sympathetic activation. Bilateral PVN microinjections were performed in rats under anesthesia. The ERR was elicited by infusion of capsaicin into the cortico-medullary border of the right kidney. The reflex was evaluated as the capsaicin-induced changes in left renal sympathetic nerve activity and mean arterial pressure. Blockade of angiotensin type 1 receptors with losartan or inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme with captopril in the PVN abolished the capsaicin-induced ERR. Renal infusion of capsaicin significantly increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide anion production in the PVN, which were prevented by ipsilateral renal denervation or microinjection of losartan into the PVN. Furthermore, either scavenging of superoxide anions or inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase in the PVN abolished the capsaicin-induced ERR. We conclude that the ERR induced by renal infusion of capsaicin is mediated by angiotensin type 1 receptor-related NAD(P)H oxidase activation and superoxide anion production within the PVN.
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9
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Qi J, Yu XJ, Fu LY, Liu KL, Gao TT, Tu JW, Kang KB, Shi XL, Li HB, Li Y, Kang YM. Exercise Training Attenuates Hypertension Through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1138. [PMID: 31708733 PMCID: PMC6821652 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (ExT) is beneficial for cardiovascular health, yet the central mechanism by which aerobic ExT attenuates the hypertensive responses remains unclear. Activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is important for the sympathoexcitation and hypertensive response. We thus hypothesized that aerobic ExT can decrease the blood pressure of hypertensive rats by reducing the levels of PICs through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling within the PVN. To examine this hypothesis, two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertensive rats were assigned to two groups: sedentary or exercise training and examined for 8 weeks. At the same time, bilateral PVN infusion of vehicle or TAK242, a TLR4 inhibitor, was performed on both groups. As a result, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI) were found significantly increased in 2K1C hypertensive rats. These rats also had higher levels of Fra-like activity, NF-κB p65 activity, TLR4, MyD88, IL-1β and TNF-α in the PVN than SHAM rats. Eight weeks of ExT attenuated the RSNA and SBP, repressed the NF-κB p65 activity, and reduced the increase of plasma levels of NE, EPI, and the expression of Fra-like, TLR4, MyD88, IL-1β and TNF-α in the PVN of 2K1C rats. These findings are highly similar to the results in 2K1C rats with bilateral PVN infusions of TLR4 inhibitor (TAK242). This suggests that 8 weeks of aerobic ExT may decrease blood pressure in hypertensive rats by reducing the PICs activation through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling within the PVN, and thus delays the progression of 2K1C renovascular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Tian Gao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Wei Tu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai B Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Kang Y, Ding L, Dai H, Wang F, Zhou H, Gao Q, Xiong X, Zhang F, Song T, Yuan Y, Zhu G, Zhou Y. Intermedin in Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Ang II-Induced Sympathoexcitation through the Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase-Dependent ROS Generation in Obese Rats with Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174217. [PMID: 31466304 PMCID: PMC6747263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play a critical role in sympathetic overdrive in hypertension (OH). Intermedin (IMD), a bioactive peptide, has extensive clinically prospects in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that IMD in the PVN can inhibit the generation of ROS caused by Ang II for attenuating sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure (BP) in rats with obesity-related hypertension (OH). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (160-180 g) were used to induce OH by feeding of a high-fat diet (42% kcal as fat) for 12 weeks. The dynamic changes of sympathetic outflow were evaluated as the alterations of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to certain chemicals. The results showed that the protein expressions of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (RAMP2) and RAMP3 were markedly increased, but IMD was much lower in OH rats when compared to control rats. IMD itself microinjection into PVN not only lowered SNA, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS level, but also decreased Ang II-caused sympathetic overdrive, and increased NADPH oxidase activity, ROS levels and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) activation in OH rats. However, those effects were mostly blocked by the adrenomedullin (AM) receptor antagonist AM22-52 pretreatment. The enhancement of SNA caused by Ang II can be significantly attenuated by the pretreatment of AT1R antagonist lorsatan, superoxide scavenger Tempol and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (Apo) in OH rats. ERK activation inhibitor U0126 in the PVN reversed Ang II-induced enhancement of SNA, and Apo and IMD pretreatment in the PVN decreased Ang II-induced ERK activation. Chronic IMD administration in the PVN resulted in significant reductions in basal SNA and BP in OH rats. Moreover, IMD lowered NADPH oxidase activity and ROS level in the PVN; reduced the protein expressions of AT1R and NADPH oxidase subunits NOX2 and NOX4, and ERK activation in the PVN; and decreased Ang II levels-inducing sympathetic overactivation. These results indicated that IMD via AM receptors in the PVN attenuates SNA and hypertension, and decreases Ang II-induced enhancement of SNA through the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity and ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hangbing Dai
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fangzheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tianrun Song
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yebo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Ye C, Qiu Y, Zhang F, Chen AD, Zhou H, Wang JJ, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. Chemical Stimulation of Renal Tissue Induces Sympathetic Activation and a Pressor Response via the Paraventricular Nucleus in Rats. Neurosci Bull 2019; 36:143-152. [PMID: 31392556 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic activation and the kidney play critical roles in hypertension and chronic heart failure. The role of the kidney in sympathetic activation is still not well known. In this study, we revealed an excitatory renal reflex (ERR) in rats induced by chemical stimulation of the kidney that regulated sympathetic activity and blood pressure. The ERR was induced by renal infusion of capsaicin, and evaluated by the changes in renal sympathetic outflow, blood pressure, and heart rate. Renal infusion of capsaicin dose-dependently increased the contralateral renal sympathetic nerve activity, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. Capsaicin in the cortico-medullary border had greater effects than in the cortex or medulla. Intravenous infusion of capsaicin had no significant effects. The effects of renal infusion of capsaicin were abolished by ipsilateral renal denervation, but were not affected by bilateral sinoaortic denervation. Renal infusion of capsaicin increased the ipsilateral renal afferent activity. The ERR was also induced by renal infusion of bradykinin, adenosine, and angiotensin II, but not by ATP. Renal infusion of capsaicin increased c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of hypothalamus. Lesion of neurons in the PVN with kainic acid abolished the capsaicin-induced ERR. These findings indicate that chemical stimulation of kidney causes an excitatory reflex, leading to sympathetic activation, pressor response, and accelerated heart rate. The PVN is an important central nucleus in the pathway of the ERR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ai-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jue-Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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12
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Ding L, Kang Y, Dai HB, Wang FZ, Zhou H, Gao Q, Xiong XQ, Zhang F, Song TR, Yuan Y, Liu M, Zhu GQ, Zhou YB. Adipose afferent reflex is enhanced by TNFα in paraventricular nucleus through NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation in obesity-related hypertensive rats. J Transl Med 2019; 17:256. [PMID: 31391086 PMCID: PMC6686415 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipose afferent reflex (AAR), a sympatho-excitatory reflex, can promote the elevation of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure (BP). Inflammation in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) involves sympathetic abnormality in some cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. This study was designed to explore the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the PVN on the AAR and SNA in rats with obesity-related hypertension (OH) induced by a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. METHODS Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were continuously recorded in anesthetized rats, and their responses to capsaicin (CAP) stimulation of the right inguinal white adipose tissue were used to evaluate the AAR. RESULTS Compared to the control rats, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma norepinephrine (NE, indicating SNA) and TNFα levels, TNFα mRNA and protein levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and NADPH oxidase activity in the PVN were significantly elevated in rats with OH. TNFα in the PVN markedly enhanced sympathoexcitation and AAR. Moreover, the enhancement of AAR caused by TNFα can be significantly strengthened by the pretreatment of diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC), a superoxide dismutase inhibitor, but attenuated by TNF-α receptor antagonist R-7050, superoxide scavenger PEG-SOD and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (Apo) in rats with OH. Acute microinjection of TNF-α into the PVN significantly increased the activity of NADPH oxidase and ROS levels in rats with OH, which were effectively blocked by R-7050. Furthermore, our results also showed that the increased levels of ROS, TNFα and NADPH oxidase subunits mRNA and protein in the PVN of rats with OH were significantly reversed by pentoxifylline (PTX, 30 mg/kg daily ip; in 10% ethanol) application, a cytokine blocker, for a period of 5 weeks. PTX administration also significantly decreased SBP, AAR and plasma NE levels in rats with OH. CONCLUSIONS TNFα in the PVN modulates AAR and contributes to sympathoexcitation in OH possibly through NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation. TNFα blockade attenuates AAR and sympathoexcitation that unveils TNFα in the PVN may be a possible therapeutic target for the intervention of OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hang-Bing Dai
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tian-Run Song
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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13
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TLR4 participates in sympathetic hyperactivity Post-MI in the PVN by regulating NF-κB pathway and ROS production. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101186. [PMID: 30978539 PMCID: PMC6460304 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic nerve hyperactivity is a primary reason for fatal ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) following myocardial infarction (MI). Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) post-MI are associated with sympathetic overexcitation; however, the precise mechanism needs further investigation. Our aim was to explore the mechanism of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its downstream molecular pathway in mediating sympathetic activity post-MI within the PVN. A rat MI model was developed via left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. TLR4 was primarily localized in microglia and increased markedly within the PVN at 3 days in MI rats. Sympathoexcitation also increased, as indicated by high levels of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and norepinephrine (NE) concentration. TLR4 knockdown via shRNA microinjection to the PVN resulted in decreased activation of Fos protein (+) neurons in the PVN and peripheral sympathetic nerve activity. TLR4 knockdown also exhibited a lower arrhythmia score following programmed electrical stimulation than those treated with MI surgery only, indicating that the knockdown of TLR4 decreased the incidence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias following MI. LPS-induced inflammatory response was analyzed to explore the underlying mechanism of TLR4 in sympathetic hyperactivity. High levels of NF-κB protein, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and ROS production were observed in the LPS group. PVN-targeted injection of the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC attenuated NF-κB expression and sympathetic activity. Taken together, the results suggested that knockdown of microglial TLR4 within the PVN decreased sympathetic hyperactivity and subsequent VAs post-MI. The downstream NF-κB pathway and ROS production participated in the process. Interventions targeting TLR4 signaling in the PVN may be a novel approach to ameliorate the incidence of VAs post-MI.
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14
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Ma C, Bao AM, Yan XX, Swaab DF. Progress in Human Brain Banking in China. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:179-182. [PMID: 30843142 PMCID: PMC6426891 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center; Joint Laboratory of Anesthesia and Pain, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Ai-Min Bao
- Department of Neurobiology, and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital; Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Department Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Autonomic Regulation of the Cardiovascular System: Diseases, Treatments, and Novel Approaches. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:1-3. [PMID: 30659525 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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