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Hnia K, Hugon G, Masmoudi A, Mercier J, Rivier F, Mornet D. Effect of beta-dystroglycan processing on utrophin/Dp116 anchorage in normal and mdx mouse Schwann cell membrane. Neuroscience 2006; 141:607-620. [PMID: 16735092 PMCID: PMC1974842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the peripheral nervous system, utrophin and the short dystrophin isoform (Dp116) are co-localized at the outermost layer of the myelin sheath of nerve fibers; together with the dystroglycan complex. Dp116 is associated with multiple glycoproteins, i.e. sarcoglycans, and alpha- and beta-dystroglycan, which anchor the cytoplasmic protein subcomplex to the extracellular basal lamina. In peripheral nerve, matrix metalloproteinase activity disrupts the dystroglycan complex by cleaving the extracellular domain of beta-dystroglycan. Metalloproteinase creates a 30 kDa fragment of beta-dystroglycan, leading to a disruption of the link between the extracellular matrix and the cell membrane. Here we asked if the processing of the beta-dystroglycan could influence the anchorage of Dp116 and/or utrophin in normal and mdx Schwann cell membrane. We showed that metalloproteinase-9 was more activated in mdx nerve than in wild-type ones. This activation leads to an accumulation of the 30 kDa beta-dystroglycan isoform and has an impact on the anchorage of Dp116 and utrophin isoforms in mdx Schwann cells membrane. Our results showed that Dp116 had greater affinity to the full length form of beta-dystroglycan than the 30 kDa form. Moreover, we showed for the first time that the short isoform of utrophin (Up71) was over-expressed in mdx Schwann cells compared with wild-type. In addition, this utrophin isoform (Up71) seems to have greater affinity to the 30 kDa beta-dystroglycan which could explain the increased stabilization of this 30 kDa form at the membrane compartment. Our results highlight the potential participation of the short utrophin isoform and the cleaved form of beta-dystroglycan in mdx Schwann cell membrane architecture. We proposed that these two proteins could be implicated in Schwann cell proliferation in response to a microenvironment stress such as mediated by accumulating macrophages in mdx mouse muscle inflammation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hnia
- Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions, EA 701, Institut de Biologie, 4 Boulevard Henri IV, 34000 Montpellier, France; Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie and UR. 08/39 Faculté de Médecine, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - G Hugon
- Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions, EA 701, Institut de Biologie, 4 Boulevard Henri IV, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - A Masmoudi
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie and UR. 08/39 Faculté de Médecine, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - J Mercier
- Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions, EA 701, Institut de Biologie, 4 Boulevard Henri IV, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - F Rivier
- Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions, EA 701, Institut de Biologie, 4 Boulevard Henri IV, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - D Mornet
- Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions, EA 701, Institut de Biologie, 4 Boulevard Henri IV, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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Hnia K, Tuffery-Giraud S, Vermaelen M, Hugon G, Chazalette D, Masmoudi A, Rivier F, Mornet D. Pathological pattern of Mdx mice diaphragm correlates with gradual expression of the short utrophin isoform Up71. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2006; 1762:362-72. [PMID: 16457992 PMCID: PMC1974843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Revised: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Utrophin gene is transcribed in a large mRNA of 13 kb that codes for a protein of 395 kDa. It shows amino acid identity with dystrophin of up to 73% and is widely expressed in muscle and non-muscle tissues. Up71 is a short utrophin product of the utrophin gene with the same cysteine-rich and C-terminal domains as full-length utrophin (Up395). Using RT-PCR, Western blots analysis, we demonstrated that Up71 is overexpressed in the mdx diaphragm, the most pathological muscle in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, compared to wild-type C57BL/10 or other mdx skeletal muscles. Subsequently, we demonstrated that this isoform displayed an increased expression level up to 12 months, whereas full-length utrophin (Up395) decreased. In addition, beta-dystroglycan, the transmembrane glycoprotein that anchors the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of utrophin, showed similar increase expression in mdx diaphragm, as opposed to other components of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) such as alpha-dystrobrevin1 and alpha-sarcoglycan. We demonstrated that Up71 and beta-dystroglycan were progressively accumulated along the extrasynaptic region of regenerating clusters in mdx diaphragm. Our data provide novel functional insights into the pathological role of the Up71 isoform in dystrophinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Hnia
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions
EA 701Université Montpellier 1Institut de Biologie
Boulevard Henri IV
34060 Montpellier,FR
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie
Faculté de MédecineMonastir,TN
| | - Sylvie Tuffery-Giraud
- Laboratoire de génétique des maladies rares. Pathologie moléculaire, études fonctionnelles et banque de données génétiques
INSERM : U827 IFR3Université Montpellier IIURC
CHU de Montpellier
34093 MONTPELLIER ,FR
| | - Marianne Vermaelen
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions
EA 701Université Montpellier 1Institut de Biologie
Boulevard Henri IV
34060 Montpellier,FR
| | - Gerald Hugon
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions
EA 701Université Montpellier 1Institut de Biologie
Boulevard Henri IV
34060 Montpellier,FR
| | - Delphine Chazalette
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions
EA 701Université Montpellier 1Institut de Biologie
Boulevard Henri IV
34060 Montpellier,FR
| | - Ahmed Masmoudi
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie
Faculté de MédecineMonastir,TN
| | - François Rivier
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions
EA 701Université Montpellier 1Institut de Biologie
Boulevard Henri IV
34060 Montpellier,FR
| | - Dominique Mornet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions
EA 701Université Montpellier 1Institut de Biologie
Boulevard Henri IV
34060 Montpellier,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Dominique Mornet
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Royuela M, Hugon G, Rivier F, Fehrentz JA, Martinez J, Paniagua R, Mornet D. Variations in dystrophin complex in red and white caudal muscles from Torpedo marmorata. J Histochem Cytochem 2001; 49:857-65. [PMID: 11410610 DOI: 10.1177/002215540104900706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an up-to-date study on the nature, at the protein level, of various members of the dystrophin complex at the muscle cell membrane by comparing red and white caudal muscles from Torpedo marmorata. Our investigations involved immunodetection approaches and Western blotting analysis. We determined the presence or absence of different molecules belonging to the dystrophin family complex by analyzing their localization and molecular weight. Specific antibodies directed against dystrophin, i.e., DRP2 alpha-dystrobrevin, beta-dystroglycan, alpha-syntrophin, alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-sarcoglycan, and sarcospan, were used. The immunofluorescence study (confocal microscopy) showed differences in positive immunoreactions at the sarcolemmal membrane in these slow-type and fast-type skeletal muscle fibers. Protein extracts from T. marmorata red and white muscles were analyzed by Western blotting and confirmed the presence of dystrophin and associated proteins at the expected molecular weights. Differences were confirmed by comparative immunoprecipitation analysis of enriched membrane preparations with anti-beta-dystroglycan polyclonal antibody. These experiments revealed clear complex or non-complex formation between members of the dystrophin system, depending on the muscle type analyzed. Differences in the potential function of these various dystrophin complexes in fast or slow muscle fibers are discussed in relation to previous data obtained in corresponding mammalian tissues. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:857-865, 2001)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Royuela
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Garcia-Tovar CG, Perez A, Luna J, Mena R, Osorio B, Aleman V, Mondragon R, Mornet D, Rendón A, Hernandez JM. Biochemical and histochemical analysis of 71 kDa dystrophin isoform (Dp71f) in rat brain. Acta Histochem 2001; 103:209-24. [PMID: 11368101 DOI: 10.1078/0065-1281-00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dp71 is a member of the dystrophin family and the most abundant dmd gene product in the brain. In the present study, we focused on a short dystrophin transcript named Dp71f, which is alternatively spliced when exon 78 is absent The topographic localization of this protein in the encephalon has not been properly described yet, nor its cellular or subcellular localization, and even less its functions. Dp71f was found to be a cytoplasmic 70 kDa protein and localized in all encephalon regions studied. Double labeling using specific markers for various cell types confirmed Dp71f distribution in the cytoplasm of all cell types studied. Labeling was more conspicuous near the nucleus and diminished towards the periphery of cells. In some cases, we observed cells that were positive for actin and Dp71f in regions corresponding to lamellipodia-like structures. Dp71f and Dp71d isoforms were differently distributed. Our study is the first specific and unambiguous description of the topography and cellular localization patterns of Dp71f in brain, suggesting that Dp71f is a ubiquitous protein.
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White SR, Wojcik KR, Gruenert D, Sun S, Dorscheid DR. Airway epithelial cell wound repair mediated by alpha-dystroglycan. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001; 24:179-86. [PMID: 11159052 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.24.2.3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycans (DGs) bind laminin matrix proteins in skeletal and cardiac muscle and are expressed in other nonmuscle tissues. However, their expression in airway epithelial cells has not been demonstrated. We examined expression of DGs in the human airway epithelial cell line 1HAEo(-), and in human primary airway epithelial cells. Expression of the common gene for alpha- and beta-DG was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase/ polymerase chain reaction in 1HAEo(-) cells. Protein expression of beta-DG was demonstrated by both Western blot and flow cytometry in cultured cells. Localization of alpha-DG, using both a monoclonal antibody and the alpha-DG binding lectin wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA), was to the cell membrane and nucleus. We then examined the function of DGs in modulating wound repair over laminin matrix. Blocking alpha-DG binding to laminin in 1HAEo(-) monolayers using either glycosyaminoglycans or WGA attenuated cell migration and spreading after mechanical injury. alpha-DG was not expressed in epithelial cells at the wound edge immediately after wound creation, but localized to the cell membrane in these cells within 12 h of injury. These data demonstrate the presence of DGs in airway epithelium. alpha-DG is dynamically expressed and serves as a lectin to bind laminin during airway epithelial cell repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R White
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC6076, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Royuela M, Paniagua R, Rivier F, Hugon G, Robert A, Mornet D. Presence of invertebrate dystrophin-like products in obliquely striated muscle of the leech, Pontobdella muricata (Annelida, Hirudinea). THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1999; 31:603-8. [PMID: 10579629 DOI: 10.1023/a:1003855108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin is a 427-kDa cytoskeletal protein, which occurs in scant amounts in vertebrate muscle and nerve cells. No previous references to dystrophin or associated proteins in invertebrates at the protein level have been found, while two recent studies investigated the presence of genes encoding proteins homologous to dystrophin in sea urchin and other invertebrates such as Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, the possible presence and distribution of dystrophin-like proteins were studied in different invertebrate muscle cell types and species through Western blot analysis and light and electron microscope immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies whose specificities have been determined in vertebrates. Crude protein extracts of leech Pontobdella muricata were analysed by Western blotting. The revealed protein band, with 140 kDa molecular weight, was related to dystrophin, utrophin or dystrophin-related protein-2 (DRP2) according to the specificities of the antibodies used to detect them. The immunofluorescence study showed positive immunoreactions in obliquely striated muscle of this hyrudinean. The immunoelectron microscopy study confirmed specific immunogold labelling beneath the sarcolemma of muscle cells. We thus assume that this protein is an invertebrate dystrophin-like product that is referred to as IDLp140. The potential functions of this invertebrate dystrophin-like protein in invertebrate muscles are discussed relative to previous data in vertebrate tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Royuela
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Anderson LV, Davison K, Moss JA, Richard I, Fardeau M, Tomé FM, Hübner C, Lasa A, Colomer J, Beckmann JS. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to calpain 3 and protein expression in muscle from patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1998; 153:1169-79. [PMID: 9777948 PMCID: PMC1853046 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies were raised to two regions of calpain 3 (muscle-specific calcium-activated neutral protease), which is the product of the gene that is defective in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A. The antibodies produced characteristic patterns of bands on Western blots: normal calpain 3 protein was represented by bands at 94 kd, plus additional fragments at approximately 60 or 30 kd, according to the antibody used. Specificity was confirmed by the loss of all bands in patients with null gene mutations. The "normal" profile of bands was observed in muscle from 33 control subjects and 70 disease-control patients. Calpain 3 protein was found to be extremely stable in fresh human muscle, with full-size protein being detected 8 hours after the muscle had been removed. Blots of muscle from nine limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A patients with defined mutations showed variation in protein expression, with seven showing a clear reduction in the abundance of protein detected. No simple relationship was found between the abundance and clinical severity. Two patients showed normal expression of the full-size 94 kd band accompanied by a clear reduction in the smaller fragments. This pattern was also observed in one patient with an undefined form of limb-girdle dystrophy. These results indicate that immunodiagnosis is feasible, but caution will need to be exercised with the interpretation of near-normal protein profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Anderson
- Neurobiology Department, University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Rivier F, Robert A, Latouche J, Hugon G, Mornet D. Expression of a new M(r) 70-kDa dystrophin-related protein in the axon of peripheral nerves from Torpedo marmorata. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1997; 116:19-26. [PMID: 9080659 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(96)00198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
By comparison with localizations of dystrophin family products in rabbit peripheral nerves, we investigated the potential existence and distribution of similar products in peripheral nerves from Torpedo marmorata. In immunofluorescence studies, a specific set of monoclonal antibodies directed against dystrophin family proteins clearly stained a thin rim surrounding each Schwann cell-axon unit both in T. marmorata and rabbit peripheral nerves. In contrast when using the dystrophin/utrophin monoclonal H'3E7 antibody, we found a clear difference between rabbit and T. marmorata peripheral nerves according to fluorescent labeling detected within Torpedo nerve axons. Further differences were noted following western blot analyses of T. marmorata peripheral nerve extracts, highlighting the presence of a new and specific M(r) 70-kDa protein band belonging to the dystrophin family, which is localized within axons in addition to: (1) an M(r)400-kDa protein band detected with dystrophin/utrophin antibodies; and (2) an M(r) 116-kDa doublet protein band corresponding to Dp116 and Up116 isoforms. All of these products, detected according to the specificities of the monoclonal antibodies used, are discussed in terms of their potential identities as short and long dystrophin or utrophin mammalian products.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rivier
- Pathologie Moléculaire du Muscle, INSERM U. 300, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
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