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Gopi Daisy N, Subramanian ER, Selvan Christyraj JD, Sudalai Mani DK, Selvan Christyraj JRS, Ramamoorthy K, Arumugaswami V, Sivasubramaniam S. Studies on regeneration of central nervous system and social ability of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 16:6. [PMID: 27279085 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-016-0189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Earthworms are segmented invertebrates that belong to the phylum Annelida. The segments can be divided into the anterior, clitellar and posterior parts. If the anterior part of the earthworm, which includes the brain, is amputated, the worm would essentially survive even in the absence of the brain. In these brain amputee-derived worms, the nerve cord serves as the primary control center for neurological function. In this current work, we studied changes in the expression levels of anti-acetylated tubulin and serotonin as the indicators of neuro-regenerative processes. The data reveal that the blastemal tissues express the acetylated tubulin and serotonin from day four and that the worm amputated at the 7th segment takes 30 days to complete the regeneration of brain. The ability of self-assemblage is one of the specific functions of the earthworm's brain. The brain amputee restored the ability of self-assemblage on the eighth day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Gopi Daisy
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India
| | - Elaiya Raja Subramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India
| | | | - Dinesh Kumar Sudalai Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India
| | | | - Kalidas Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sudhakar Sivasubramaniam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India.
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Krumm S, Goebel-Lauth SG, Fronius M, Clauss W. Transport of sodium and chloride across earthworm skin in vitro. J Comp Physiol B 2005; 175:601-8. [PMID: 16133492 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-005-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Revised: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a new invertebrate model for the study of epithelial sodium transport in tight epithelia, the earthworm integument. Dissected segments of earthworm integument were mounted in modified Ussing chambers and perfused with either pond water (PW) or earthworm ringer solution (ERS) on the apical side. In order to investigate ion transport under near-in vivo physiological conditions, measurements were performed under current-clamp conditions by monitoring the transepithelial potential (V (T)), as well as the transepithelial resistance (R (T)). These were recorded continuously and the virtual short circuit current (I (SC)) was calculated. The integument has a high transepithelial resistance (R (T) = 9,037 +/- 502 Omega cm(2) for PW, n = 24, and 11,055 +/- 1,320 Omega cm(2) for ERS, n = 32). V (T) was -3.7 +/- 2.2 mV for PW (n = 24) and -1.5 +/- 1.0 mV for ERS (n = 32), and I (SC) was -0.57 +/- 0.30 microA/cm(2) for PW (n = 24) and -0.44 +/- 0.24 microA/cm(2) for ERS (n = 32). Only under PW, but not under ERS conditions, was there a pronounced inhibition of I (SC) by low doses of amiloride or its analogues phenamil and benzamil. The resistance of the paracellular pathway was found to be very high. The terrestrial oligochaete Lumbricus seems especially adapted to the environmental conditions because it has an ultra-tight integument and a very fast up- and down-regulation of apical Na(+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krumm
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany
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Diehl WJ, Williams DL. Interactive effects of soil moisture and food on growth and aerobic metabolism in eisenia fetida (oligochaeta). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90031-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Oguro C, Sasayama Y, Nonaka K. Effects of anesthesia on the electrolyte concentrations in blood and coelomic fluid of the earthworm, Pheretima communissima. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1984; 79:277-9. [PMID: 6151453 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(84)90199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations in blood and coelomic fluid of Pheretima communissima under various methods of anesthesia or in the unanesthetized condition were determined. All electrolyte concentrations determined in ethanol-anesthetized earthworms were not significantly different from those in unanesthetized earthworms. Thermal (warming, cooling) anesthesia, urethane and chloretone brought about increases or decreases in some electrolyte concentrations in the blood or coelomic fluid. However, not all electrolytes responded similarly to a method of anesthesia.
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Ferraris JD. Volume regulation in intertidalProcephalothrix spiralis (Nemertina) andClitellio arenarius (Oligochaeta). J Comp Physiol B 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00684136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Carley WW, Caracciolo EA, Mason RT. Cell and coelomic fluid volume regulation in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(83)90549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Effects of brain removal on the osmotic and ionic concentrations of the coelomic fluid of earthworms placed in soil and salt solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9629(80)80007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Takeuchi N. Control of coelomic fluid concentration and brain neurosecretion in the littoral earthworm Pontodrilus matsushimensis iizuka. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9629(80)80009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Carley WW. Water economy of the earthwormLumbricus terrestris L.: Coping with the terrestrial environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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