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Wang J, Shakleya D, Giacoia G, Rahman Z, Khan MA, Faustino PJ. Bioavailability assessment of a brompheniramine taste-masked pediatric formulation in a juvenile porcine model. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5845. [PMID: 38412513 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A brompheniramine taste-masked pediatric formulation was developed as part of the National Institutes of Health Pediatric Formulation Initiative to help address low patient compliance caused by the bitter taste of many adult formulations. To confirm that the taste-masked formulation can provide a similar pharmacological effect to the previous marketed adult formulations, a juvenile porcine model was used to screen the model pediatric formulation to compare the bioavailability between the marketed brompheniramine maleate and the taste-masked maleate/tannate formulation. Pigs were dosed orally with both formulations and blood samples were obtained from 0 to 48 h. Plasma samples were prepared and extracted using solid-phase extraction. The mass spectrometer was operated under selected ion monitoring mode. The selected ion monitoring channels were set to m/z 319.1 for brompheniramine and m/z 275.2 for the internal standard chlorpheniramine. Calibration curves were linear over the analytical range 0.2-20 ng/ml (r2 > 0.995) for brompheniramine in plasma. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were between 98.0 and 105% with 5.73% RSD precision. The bioanalytical method was successfully applied to a preclinical bioavailability study. The bioavailability profiles were not significantly different between the two formulations, which demonstrates that taste-masking with tannic acid is a promising approach for formulation modification for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Diaa Shakleya
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - George Giacoia
- Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ziyuar Rahman
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mansoor A Khan
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick J Faustino
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Habekost A. Rapid and sensitive spectroelectrochemical and electrochemical detection of glyphosate and AMPA with screen-printed electrodes. Talanta 2017; 162:583-588. [PMID: 27837875 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
N-(Phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate), known by the trade name Roundup®, is a broad spectrum systemic herbicide used to kill several types of grass weed. The hazard potential of Roundup® is unclear, which is a serious issue within the European Union; however, after an intense debate, the EU Commission extended its approval of glyphosate use until the end of 2017. A persistent need exists for rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive detection of glyphosate and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid (AMPA), the hydrolysis product of glyphosate. This article presents reliable and easily performed (spectro)electrochemical measurements (e.g., electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) and fast amperometry) for identifying glyphosate and AMPA on the basis of [Ru(bpy)3]2+. The limit of detection of both methods is also determined in this study. The main feature of the (spectro)electrochemical methods is screen-printed electrodes (SPE) that are made from either gold or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), optionally decorated with nano-ZnO. Nano-ZnO can significantly enhance the ECL signal to result in a detection limit lower than 1μmol/L for glyphosate. In addition, these methods are cheaper, faster, and more sensitive than, for example, spectroscopic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Habekost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Ludwigsburg, Reuteallee 46, 71634 Ludwigsburg, Germany.
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3
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Katselou M, Papoutsis I, Nikolaou P, Spiliopoulou C, Athanaselis S. Bioanalysis of antihistamines for clinical or forensic purposes. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Katselou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Ioannis Papoutsis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Panagiota Nikolaou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Chara Spiliopoulou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Sotiris Athanaselis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
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Jang J, Lee WY. Solid-state tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrogenerated chemiluminescence sensor based on ionic liquid/sol–gel titania/Nafion composite film. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Karimi-Maleh H, Mehdipour-Ataei S, Hatami M, Khalilzadeh MA. Voltammetric determination of captopril using a novel ferrocene-based polyamide as a mediator and multi-wall carbon nanotubes as a sensor. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481402004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Sun Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence detector based on Ru(bpy)3(2+) immobilized in cation exchange resin for high-performance liquid chromatography: An approach to stable detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 116:361-364. [PMID: 23973579 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) detector with improved stability was developed for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). The detector was prepared by packing cation exchanged resin particles in a glass tube, followed by inserting Pt wires (working electrode) in this tube and sealing. The leakage of Ru(bpy)3(2+) from the resin was compensated by adding a small amount of Ru(bpy)3(2+) in the mobile phase. Factors affected the performance of the proposed ECL detector were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL intensity has a linear relationship with the concentration of HCTZ in the range of 5.0 × 10(-8) g mL(-1)-2.5 × 10(-5) g mL(-1) and the detection limit was 2.0 × 10(-8) g mL(-1) (S/N=3). Application of the detector to the analysis of HCTZ in human serum proved feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Sun
- Mineral Resources Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutions, College of Material and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, People's Republic of China.
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Hwang RY, Xu GR, Han J, Lee JY, Choi HN, Lee WY. Determination of phenothiazine drugs using tris(2,2’-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrogenerated chemiluminescence at DNA-modified electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xu M, Zhao R, Wang J, Chen G. Fabrication of a New Electrochemiluminescent Sensing Interface Based on Zinc Oxide Nanorod. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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KOBAYASHI N, MIYAMOTO A, UCHIKURA K. Column-Switching HPLC Determination of Mexiletine Using Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(III) Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Precolumn Derivatization with Divinylsulfone. ANAL SCI 2010; 26:1289-94. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.26.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Sun Y, Zhang Z, Xi Z, Shi Z, Tian W. Determination of itopride hydrochloride by high-performance liquid chromatography with Ru(bpy)32+ electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 648:174-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 06/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li H, Liu X, Niu W, Zhu S, Fan L, Shi L, Xu G. CEC with tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) electrochemiluminescent detection. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4475-81. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Morita H, Konishi M. A NEW ELECTROGENERATED CHEMILUMINESCENCE DERIVATIZATION REAGENT, 3-(DIETHYLAMINO) PROPIONIC ACID FOR ALCOHOL IN HPLC USING TRIS (2,2′-BIPYRIDINE)RUTHENIUM(II). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120014263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Song H, Zhang Z, Wang F. Electrochemiluminescent Determination of Chlorphenamine Maleate Based on Ru(bpy) Immobilized in a Nano-Titania/Nafion Membrane. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Jung MC, Munro N, Shi G, Michael AC, Weber SG. Use of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)osmium as a photoluminescence-following electron-transfer reagent for postcolumn detection in capillary high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 2006; 78:1761-8. [PMID: 16536409 PMCID: PMC1482471 DOI: 10.1021/ac051182o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photoluminescence-following electron-transfer (PFET) technique, developed in our laboratory, is a sensitive chromatographic detection method for oxidizable analytes. Because the oxidations are homogeneous, the technique avoids the problem of electrode fouling. A liquid-phase oxidant reacts with the electrochemically active analytes after separation, becoming capable of photoluminescence. Laser-induced photoluminescence is measured to quantitate the analytes. Thus, the electrochemical properties of the oxidant determine the detection selectivity, and the spectroscopic properties define the sensitivity. The properties of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)osmium (1) were investigated for use as the liquid-phase oxidant in the PFET system. The redox potential of the complex is less positive than that of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium (2); thus, on-line generation of 1(3+) by reaction with PbO2, and selective oxidation of catechols by 1(3+), was possible. The mild oxidizing power of 1(3+) led to a lower background signal (compared to 2(3+)) when mixed with acidic mobile phases. Photoluminescence from 1(2+) was much weaker than that from 2(2+); nonetheless, the system achieved subnanomolar detection limits for dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, and serotonin. Dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine in rat brain striatal dialysates were determined before and after the injection of nomifensine. The pH of the mobile phase can govern the detection selectivity, since oxidation of most organics is accompanied by proton transfer. Reaction of 1 with catechols showed pH-dependent sensitivity resulting from pH-dependent reaction rate changes. Since the reaction rate is also temperature dependent, increased temperature at the mixer resulted in higher sensitivity. However, the noise level also increased at elevated temperature; thus, the detection limit did not improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Chul Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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16
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Hori T, Hashimoto H, Konishi M. Determination of erythromycin A in rat plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection using Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:917-23. [PMID: 16506294 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method was developed for the determination of erythromycin A (EA), decladinosyl erythromycin A (dClEA) and erythromycin B (EB) in rat plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection using Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). The recovery rates of EA, dClEA and EB were 97, 94 and 85% from rat plasma and 89, 83 and 93% from rat urine, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges 0.05-5 microg/mL for plasma and 0.5-50 microg/mL for urine. The precision and accuracy for all analytes in rat plasma were < or =9.0 and -6.3-7.2%, and those in urine were < or =9.4% and -6.1-7.6%, respectively. This method proved to be a powerful tool for determination of EA, dClEA and EB concentrations in samples from rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Hori
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co. Ltd, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
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17
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Kodamatani H, Saito K, Niina N, Yamazaki S, Tanaka Y. Simple and sensitive method for determination of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers by high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1100:26-31. [PMID: 16194544 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the potato glycoalkaloids, alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine, based on the chemiluminescent reaction of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) has been developed. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 5 ng/ml-10 microg/ml for both alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine. The detection limits of alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine were 1.2 and 1.3 ng/ml, respectively. This method was successfully applied to a potato tuber sample without cleanup, pre-concentration, and derivatization steps. The recoveries (mean +/- standard deviation, %) of alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine spiked in tuber pith at 10 microg/g (n = 6) were 101.0 +/- 4.4% and 103.6 +/- 7.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kodamatani
- Graduate School of Cultural Studies and Human Science, Kobe University, Nada, Japan
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18
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Choi HN, Cho SH, Park YJ, Lee DW, Lee WY. Sol–gel-immobilized Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrogenerated chemiluminescence sensor for high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pérez-Ruiz T, Martínez-Lozano C, Tomás V, Martín J. Flow injection chemiluminescent determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine using photogenerated tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium (III). Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Pérez-Ruiz T, Martínez-Lozano C, Tomás V, Martín J. Automated solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nitrosamines using post-column photolysis and tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(III) chemiluminescence. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1077:49-56. [PMID: 15988986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective post-column detection system for nitrosamines is described. The principle upon which the detector works is that UV irradiation of aqueous solutions of nitrosamines leads to cleavage of the N-NO bond. The amine generated is subsequent detected by chemiluminescence using tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(III), which is on-line generated by photo-oxidation of the ruthenium(II) complex in the presence of peroxydisulfate. Factors affecting the photochemical and chemiluminescent reactions were optimized to minimise their contribution to the total band-broadening. This detection system was tested for N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitroso-diethylamine, N-nitrosomorpholine, N-nitrosopiperidine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine, which were separated on an ODS column by isocratic reversed-phase chromatography with acetonitrile-water containing 5 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.0. A linear relationship between analyte concentration and peak area was obtained within the range 0.13-500 microg l(-1) with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9995 and detection limits of between 0.03 and 0.76 microg l(-1). Intra- and inter-day precision values of about 1.2% RSD (n = 11) and 2.5% RSD (n = 10), respectively, were obtained. The sensitivity may increase from 9 to 280 times with respect to UV detection, depending on the nitrosamine in question. An automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) system was used in conjunction with HPLC to determine nitrosamine residues in waters. Detection limits within the range 0.10-3.0 ng l(-1) were achieved for only 250 ml of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Pérez-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
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Pascual Reguera I, Guardia Rubio M, Molina Díaz A. Native fluorescence flow-through optosensor for the fast determination of diphenhydramine in pharmaceuticals. ANAL SCI 2004; 20:799-803. [PMID: 15171283 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A single, rapid flow-through optosensor spectrofluorometric system is proposed for the determination of diphenhydramine in different pharmaceutical preparations. This sensor was developed in conjunction with a monochannel flow-injection analysis system with fluorometric solid-phase transduction. Diphenhydramine was directly injected into a carrier stream of ethanol/water, 50% (v:v), and transitorily retained on a sorption gel Sephadex G-15 placed in the detection area into the cell. The determination was carried out without any derivatization reaction by directly measuring the intrinsic fluorescence of the analyte and using the peak height as an analytical signal. The chemical and instrumental variables were optimized, and the influence of some foreign substances that can be found in typical pharmaceutical samples containing diphenhydramine was also investigated. Diphenhydramine could be determined in the concentration ranges of 0.5 - 8 microg ml(-1) and 0.1 - 1.2 microg ml(-1) with detection limits of 0.088 and 0.019 microg ml(-1) at sampling rates of 30 and 19 h(-1) for 200 and 800 microl of the sample volume, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pascual Reguera
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Morita H, Konishi M. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence derivatization reagent, 3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-ylamine, for carboxylic acid in high-performance liquid chromatography using tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). Anal Chem 2003; 75:940-6. [PMID: 12622388 DOI: 10.1021/ac020377i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3-Isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-ylamine (IDHPIA) was found to be a selective and highly sensitive derivatization reagent for carboxylic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection using tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). Free fatty acids and phenylbutylic acid were used as model compounds of carboxylic acids, and the derivatization conditions were optimized with myristic acid. Under the mild reaction conditions of room temperature for 45 min in acetonitrile containing 2-bromo-1-ethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate and 9-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyridol1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-one, all the fatty acids tested were reacted with IDHPIA to produce highly sensitive derivatives. The chemiluminescence intensity was essentially the same for all fatty acids. The derivatives obtained from 10 free fatty acids were completely separated by reversed-phase chromatography under isocratic elution conditions. The on-column detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) with proposed HPLC separation and chemiluminescence detection was 0.5 and 0.6 fmol for myristic acid and phenylbutylic acid, respectively. IDHPIA was 100-fold more sensitive than previously developed reagents (Morita, H.; Konishi, M. AnaL Chem. 2002, 74, 1584-1589). The free fatty acids in human serum were successfully determined using the present method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Morita
- Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 12-4 Sagisu 5-Chome, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0002, Japan.
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23
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Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection of procyclidine in human urine pretreated by ion-exchange cartridge. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yokota K, Saito K, Yamazaki S, Muromatsu A. NEW DETECTION METHOD OF α-, β-, AND γ-AMINO ACIDS COUPLED WITH AN ON-LINE PHOTO-CHEMICAL OXIDATION ANDTRIS(2,2′-BIPYRIDINE)-RUTHENIUM(III) CHEMILUMINESCENCE. ANAL LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120002370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Tsukagoshi K, Okuzono N, Nakajima R. Separation and determination of emetine dithiocarbamate metal complexes by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection of the tris(2,2'-bipyridine)-ruthenium(II) complex. J Chromatogr A 2002; 958:283-9. [PMID: 12134826 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emetine dithiocarbamate metal complexes, which were prepared from emetine, carbon disulfide, and metal(II), indicated large chemiluminescence intensities on tris(2,2'-bipyridine)-ruthenium(II) chemiluminescence. Capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection was developed for analyzing emetine and the metal complexes. After the optimization of various analytical conditions, the mixture of the Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) complexes as a model sample was injected into the capillary electrophoresis system with chemiluminescence detection. They were successfully separated and detected with a detection limit of 50 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Tsukagoshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.
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26
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Morita H, Konishi M. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence derivatization reagents for carboxylic acids and amines in high-performance liquid chromatography using tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). Anal Chem 2002; 74:1584-9. [PMID: 12033248 DOI: 10.1021/ac0109669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-(2-Aminoethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine and N-(3-aminopropyl)pyrrolidine (NAPP) were found to be selective and sensitive derivatization reagents for carboxylic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection using tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). Free fatty acids and ibuprofen were used as model compounds of carboxylic acids, and the derivatization conditions were optimized with myristic acid as a representative of free fatty acids. All the fatty acids tested were reacted with NAPP to produce highly sensitive derivatives under the mild reaction conditions of room temperature for 30 min in acetonitrile containing 2-bromo-1-ethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate and 9-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-one. The chemiluminescence intensities were similar for all fatty acids. The derivatives obtained from 10 free fatty acids were completely separated by reversed-phase chromatography under isocratic elution conditions. The on-column detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) with proposed HPLC separation and chemiluminescence detection were 70 and 45 fmol for myristic acid and ibuprofen, respectively. The free fatty acids in human plasma were successfully determined using the present method. Histamine, a model compound of primary amines, was also determined after precolumn derivatization with 3-(diethylamino)propionic acid at room temperature for 60 min in acetonitrile containing N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazine with the detection limit of 70 fmol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Morita
- Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Company, Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
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27
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Zheng X, Zhang Z, Li B. Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Captopril with In Situ Electrogenerated Mn3+ as the Oxidant. ELECTROANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200108)13:12<1046::aid-elan1046>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Tsukagoshi K, Miyamoto K, Nakajima R, Ouchiyam N. Sensitive determination of metal ions by liquid chromatography with tris(2,2'-bipyridine) ruthenium (II) complex electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2001; 919:331-7. [PMID: 11442039 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Emetine dithiocarbamate metal complex, which is prepared from emetine, carbon disulfide, and metal (II), was found to indicate a large chemiluminescence intensity on the electrogenerated chemiluminescence of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). Liquid chromatography equipped with the chemiluminescence detection was developed for analyzing trace metal ions by use of the metal complex formation. The mixture of the Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes as a model sample was injected into the LC system. The two metal complexes and an excess emetine were successfully separated. The Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes were determined over the range 1-300 nM (the detection limit of 650 fg) and 30-5000 nM (the detection limit of 17 pg), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsukagoshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Doshisha University, Tanabe, Kyoto, Japan.
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29
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Gerardi RD, Barnett NW, Jones P. Two chemical approaches for the production of stable solutions of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) for analytical chemiluminescence. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Wang X, Bobbitt DR. In situ cell for electrochemically generated Ru(bpy)33+-based chemiluminescence detection in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Determination of Ranitidine and Salbutamol by Flow Injection Analysis with Chemiluminescence Detection. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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33
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Bolden ME, Danielson ND. Liquid chromatography of aromatic amines with photochemical derivatization and tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(III) chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 1998; 828:421-30. [PMID: 9916322 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have shown by flow injection that tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) [Ru(bpy)3(3+)] chemiluminescence (CL) detection of some aromatic amines can be enhanced by on-line photochemical derivatization. Two of the aromatic amino acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine as well as the peptide phenylalanine-alanine and other primary aromatic amines such as L-dopa, phentermine, and tryptamine upon irradiation with UV light are found to give an increased CL signal on the order of 4-9 times that for nonirradiated compounds. For benzylamine, phenethylamine, and phenylalanine, the improved CL detectability upon photolysis is about 15-16 times better. Chemiluminescence detection limits of the photolyzed compounds are generally 2-20 pmol, significantly better than those by UV-Vis detection at 254 nm. GC-MS work has been done to identify the products of some of the photolysis reactions and explain the enhanced CL detectability. The fact that other aromatic amines without a one or two carbon spacer from the aromatic ring to the amine group such as aniline, m- and p-phenylenediamine, and N,N'-dimethylaniline did not show any CL signal improvement upon irradiation with UV light suggests that there is some selectivity in the reaction. CL detection of aromatic amino acids after on-line photochemical derivatization and HPLC has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Bolden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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34
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Electrogenerated chemiluminescence using solution phase and immobilized tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinedisulfonic acid)ruthenium(II). Mikrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01254591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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CHIBA R, FUKUSHI M, TANAKA A. Simultaneous Determination of Phencyclidine and Its Metabolites in Rat Urine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL SCI 1998. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.14.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko CHIBA
- Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Showa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Megumi FUKUSHI
- Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Showa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Akira TANAKA
- Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Showa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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36
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CHIBA R, YAMAMOTO N, TANAKA A. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Chemiluminescence Detection of Disopyramide in Human Serum. ANAL SCI 1998. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.14.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko CHIBA
- Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Showa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Nanae YAMAMOTO
- Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Showa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Akira TANAKA
- Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Showa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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37
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CHIBA R, SHINRIKI M, ISHII Y, TANAKA A. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Yohimbine in Serum by Chemiluminescence Detection. ANAL SCI 1998. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.14.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko CHIBA
- Laboratry of Drug Analysis, Showa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Mime SHINRIKI
- Laboratry of Drug Analysis, Showa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yoko ISHII
- Laboratry of Drug Analysis, Showa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Akira TANAKA
- Laboratry of Drug Analysis, Showa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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38
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Forbes GA, Nieman TA, Sweedler JV. On-line electrogenerated Ru(bpy)33+ chemiluminescent detection of β-blockers separated with capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Ridlen JS, Skotty DR, Kissinger PT, Nieman TA. Determination of erythromycin in urine and plasma using microbore liquid chromatography with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 694:393-400. [PMID: 9252054 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Erythromycin is determined in both urine and plasma samples using microbore reversed-phase liquid chromatography with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)3(2+)] electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) detection. Ru(bpy)3(2+) is included in the mobile phase thus eliminating band broadening caused by post-column reagent addition. Extra column band broadening is an important concern in microbore liquid chromatography due to the small peak volumes. Erythromycin was studied in both water and biological samples. The detection limit for erythromycin in standards is 0.01 microM or 50 fmol injected with a S/N of 3 and a linear working range that extends four orders of magnitude. Human urine and blood plasma were also studied. Urine samples were diluted and filtered before injection. Ultrafiltration was used to remove protein from blood plasma samples prior to injection. Erythromycin was selectively detected in the body fluid samples without any further sample preparation. The detection limits obtained for erythromycin in urine and plasma are 0.05 and 0.1 microM, respectively, for 5 microl injected on a 150x1 mm I.D. C18 column.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ridlen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA
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40
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41
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Determination of glyphosate and related compounds using HPLC with tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Lee WY. Tris (2,2?-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrogenerated chemiluminescence in analytical science. Mikrochim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01243160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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43
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Chemiluminescence biosensors using tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and dehydrogenases immobilized in cation exchange polymers. Biosens Bioelectron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(97)00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Lee WY, Nieman TA. Effect of organic solvent on tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) chemiluminescent reactions in flowing streams. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Preston JP, Nieman TA. An Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Probe and Its Application Utilizing Tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and Luminol Chemiluminescence without a Flowing Stream. Anal Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9509162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Preston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Timothy A. Nieman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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46
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Determination of codeine in process streams using flow-injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Barnett NW, Gerardi RD, Hampson DL, Russell RA. Some observations on the chemiluminescent reactions of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) with certain papaver somniferum alkaloids and their derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/ac9963300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Martens J. Determination of loratadine and pheniramine from human serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 673:183-8. [PMID: 8611951 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a method for the determination of the antihistaminic drugs loratadine and pheniramine from human serum is presented. Serum samples are extracted under basic conditions with hexane-n-amyl alcohol (95:5, v/v), the analytes are reextracted into diluted hydrochloric acid and, after basification, are once again extracted into the organic phase. The samples are measured by GC-MS. The limits o detection of the assay are 0.5 ng/ml for loratadine and 2 ng/ml for pheniramine. The R.S.D.s in the day-to-day precision test for loratadine are 7.0% at 20 ng/ml and 12.4% at 2 ng/ml. for pheniramine, the R.S.D. are 6.4% at 300 ng/ml and 10.2% at 20 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
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49
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Knight AW, Greenway GM. Electrogenerated chemiluminescent determination of pyruvate using tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). Analyst 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/an9952002543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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