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Lorkiewicz SA, Webber TA, Sober J, Kiselica AM, Woods SP. Self-perceived cognitive fluctuations and their relationship to everyday functioning in older adults with and without HIV disease. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:1085-1108. [PMID: 38914007 PMCID: PMC11196870 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2282728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective: HIV is associated with elevated performance-based cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) in the laboratory that can reflect difficulty regulating cognitive resources over time (i.e., cognitive fluctuations) and disrupt everyday functioning. Whether persons living with HIV (PLWH) experience appreciable cognitive fluctuations in their daily lives is unclear. This study examined the presence of cognitive fluctuations and their relationship to everyday functioning in PLWH. Methods: Participants were 145 PLWH and 61 seronegative individuals age ≥ 50 years who completed a self-report version of the Mayo Fluctuations Scale (MFS), structured psychiatric interview, medical evaluation, and well-validated measures of mood, cognitive symptoms, and activities of daily living (ADLs). A confirmatory factor analysis of the MFS yielded three factors, including a 7-item cognitive fluctuations scale. Results: Univariable analyses showed that HIV was associated with moderately higher MFS Cognitive Fluctuation subscale scores (d = 0.46), but this effect was no longer significant a multiple regression model that included medical comorbidities and affective disorders, which emerged as unique predictors. Of clinical relevance, higher MFS Cognitive Fluctuation subscale scores were independently associated with more frequent cognitive symptoms and dependence in ADLs in the full sample. Conclusions: Higher frequency of self-perceived cognitive fluctuations disrupts management of ADLs among middle-aged and older adults independent of HIV status and general cognitive symptoms. Future studies are needed to understand the full clinical significance of self-perceived cognitive fluctuations among PLWH and their impact on daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Troy A. Webber
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Psychology Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Andrew M. Kiselica
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri, Colombia, MO, USA
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2
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Humphries EM, Ahn K, Kember RL, Lopes FL, Mocci E, Peralta JM, Blangero J, Glahn DC, Goes FS, Zandi PP, Kochunov P, Van Hout C, Shuldiner AR, Pollin TI, Mitchell BD, Bucan M, Hong LE, McMahon FJ, Ament SA. Genome-wide significant risk loci for mood disorders in the Old Order Amish founder population. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5262-5271. [PMID: 36882501 PMCID: PMC10483025 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of mood disorders in large case-control cohorts have identified numerous risk loci, yet pathophysiological mechanisms remain elusive, primarily due to the very small effects of common variants. We sought to discover risk variants with larger effects by conducting a genome-wide association study of mood disorders in a founder population, the Old Order Amish (OOA, n = 1,672). Our analysis revealed four genome-wide significant risk loci, all of which were associated with >2-fold relative risk. Quantitative behavioral and neurocognitive assessments (n = 314) revealed effects of risk variants on sub-clinical depressive symptoms and information processing speed. Network analysis suggested that OOA-specific risk loci harbor novel risk-associated genes that interact with known neuropsychiatry-associated genes via gene interaction networks. Annotation of the variants at these risk loci revealed population-enriched, non-synonymous variants in two genes encoding neurodevelopmental transcription factors, CUX1 and CNOT1. Our findings provide insight into the genetic architecture of mood disorders and a substrate for mechanistic and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Humphries
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Molecular Epidemiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kwangmi Ahn
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabiana L Lopes
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evelina Mocci
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan M Peralta
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, USA
| | | | - Fernando S Goes
- Departments of Epidemiology and Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cristopher Van Hout
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigatión sobre el Genoma Humano, Campus Juriquilla de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maja Bucan
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seth A Ament
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Subhas N, Ang JK, Tan KA, Ahmad SNA. Relations between clinical characteristics and cognitive deficits among adult patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2023; 27:219-231. [PMID: 36448673 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2149415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined the relations between clinical characteristics and cognitive deficits in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) from a local outpatient psychiatric clinic in Malaysia. METHODS The present sample included 110 participants aged 20-60 years old. Participants were invited to provide their information on sociodemographic variables (age, gender, and educational level) and clinical characteristics (age at onset of depression and duration of illness) and to complete a series of cognitive performance measures including the Trail Making Tests A (psychomotor speed) and B (executive function), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (attention), and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (immediate free recall, acquisition phase, and delayed recall). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Version 6.0 was used to confirm the diagnosis of MDD and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale was used to assess illness severity. RESULTS At the bivariate level, relations of age and educational level to all cognitive deficit domains were significant. At the multivariate level, only educational level and illness severity consistently and significantly predicted all cognitive deficits domains. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic modalities should be individualised whilst considering the impacts of cognitive deficits in an attempt to prevent further deterioration in psychosocial functioning of MDD patients.KEY POINTSCognitive deficits are an elemental component of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) persisting during a current major depressive episode or during remission, altering individuals' ability to process information and changes the way they perceive and interact with the environment.Cognitive deficits in MDD are evident among the upper-middle income groups in South-Eastern Asian countries warranting more local research as such deficits could lead to functional decline and work performance such as absenteeism and presenteeism.Therapeutic modalities should be individualised by taking the impacts of cognitive deficits into consideration to promote psychosocial functioning of MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Subhas
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jin Kiat Ang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Aun Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nor Aizah Ahmad
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Ministry of Health, Kuching, Malaysia
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4
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Huang X, Lai S, Lu X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen G, Chen P, Ye K, Duan M, Song K, Zhong S, Jia Y. Cognitive dysfunction and neurometabolic alternations in major depressive disorder with gastrointestinal symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 322:180-186. [PMID: 36372125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain biochemical abnormalities have been associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and cognitive impairments. However, the cognitive performance and neurometabolic alterations of MDD patients accompanied by gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms remain to be elucidated. We aimed to reveal the features and correlation between cognitive impairments and brain biochemical abnormalities of depressed patients with GI symptoms. METHODS Fifty MDD patients with GI symptoms (GI group), 46 patients without GI symptoms (NGI group) and 50 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) assessments. In addition, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used to obtain ratios of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine (NAA/Cr) and choline-containing compounds to creatine (Cho/Cr) in the thalamus, putamen and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Finally, association analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships of these measurements. RESULTS Compared to HCs, participants in both the GI and NGI groups had significantly reduced performance in the six MCCB cognitive domains (all p < 0.05), except for reasoning and problem solving. Higher Cho/Cr ratios in the right thalamus (p < 0.05) and lower NAA/Cr ratios in the left putamen (p < 0.05) were found in the NGI group than in the GI group. The severity of GI symptoms was negatively correlated with Cho/Cr ratios in the right ACC (r = -0.288, p = 0.037). In addition, the T-scores of visual learning were negatively correlated with NAA/Cr ratios in the right ACC (r = -0.443, p = 0.001) and right thalamus (r = -0.335, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that MDD patients with GI symptoms may exhibit greater neurometabolic alternations than those without GI symptoms, while both show similar cognitive dysfunction. In addition, neurometabolic alterations in the ACC and thalamus may underlie the neural basis of GI symptoms and cognitive impairment in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yiliang Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Kaiwei Ye
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Manying Duan
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Kailin Song
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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5
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Valerio MP, Lomastro J, Igoa A, Martino DJ. Neurocognitive function of patients with melancholic and non-melancholic major depressive episodes: An exploratory study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022:48674221133743. [PMID: 36314084 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221133743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this exploratory study was to compare the neurocognitive performance of patients undergoing melancholic and non-melancholic major depressive episodes. Considering potential limitations of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) specifier, we employed an additional tool that has proven useful in identifying melancholia (the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index). METHODS One hundred forty-one depressed inpatients were classified as melancholic or non-melancholic according to the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) criteria and compared on a neurocognitive battery selected to assess attention and processing speed, verbal memory, working memory and executive functions. Results were controlled for several potential confounders. RESULTS Patients diagnosed as melancholic by the two diagnostic systems displayed lower scores in executive measures, semantic verbal fluency and phonological verbal fluency. On attention and processing speed, patients with melancholia underperformed those with non-melancholic depression only when diagnosed by the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index. After controlling for confounders, associations between melancholic status and executive dysfunction remained significant for the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index but not for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) diagnosis. CONCLUSION In this study, melancholia diagnosed by the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index (but not by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [5th ed.] criteria) was characterized by a greater compromise of tests assessing executive functions than non-melancholic depressions, even after controlling for depressive severity. These preliminary results might contribute to generating hypotheses about differences in the cognitive profile and pathophysiological substrate between melancholic and non-melancholic depressions. Likewise, the pattern of findings supports the hypothesis that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) melancholia specifier might identify more severe forms of depressive episodes rather than a qualitatively different subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Valerio
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Psychiatric Emergencies Hospital Torcuato de Alvear, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Lomastro
- Psychiatric Emergencies Hospital Torcuato de Alvear, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Igoa
- Psychiatric Emergencies Hospital Torcuato de Alvear, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J Martino
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Shaw S, Jana A, Kundu S. An analytical pathway of consumption expenditure with neighborhood deprivation and depression on cognitive health among elderly in India: A moderated mediation approach. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:249-258. [PMID: 35429519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to find the linkage between neighborhood deprivation and cognition with depression as a mediating factor while economic condition as a moderator. METHODS We have used the recent baseline wave-1 data of Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), 2017-2018. The study was restricted to 60 and above population, consisting of males (14,931) and females (16,533). We have used moderated mediating model to understand the relationship between deprivation (X), cognition (Y) mediated through depression (M), moderated by economic condition (W), while controlling all possible confounders. RESULTS Neighborhood deprivation was positively associated with depression (β: 0.12; SE: 0.01) and inversely linked to cognition (β: -0.4; SE: 0.02). Deprivation had a strong indirect effect on cognition that was mediated by depression. Further, interaction of depression (M) and economic condition (W) was negatively associated (β = -0.03; SE: 0.01) with cognition (Y), indicating that lower economic section being more depressed with lower cognitive function. LIMITATIONS The study failed to capture other mental health aspects like stress and anxiety using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21). CONCLUSIONS This study has found a link between higher economic condition with low deprivation and depression. Older individuals with better financial situation have improved cognitive level than their counterparts, who are also depressed. This study provides an opportunity to conduct future research on cognitive health in the face of population aging in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhojit Shaw
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai 400088, India
| | - Arup Jana
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai 400088, India
| | - Sampurna Kundu
- Center of Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi 110067, India.
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7
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Rnic K, Jung YE, Torres I, Chakrabarty T, LeMoult J, Vaccarino AL, Morton E, Bhat V, Giacobbe P, McInerney S, Frey BN, Milev RV, Müller D, Ravindran AV, Rotzinger S, Kennedy SH, Lam RW. Association between discrepancy in objective and subjective cognitive abilities and treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder: A CAN-BIND-1 study report. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1095-1101. [PMID: 34706420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by objective and subjective cognitive deficits. Discrepancies between objective and subjective cognitive performance can reflect under- to over-estimations of cognitive abilities, and these discrepancies are referred to as cognitive self-appraisals. Despite evidence that low self-appraisals are associated with depression, the modifiability of self-appraisals and their association with treatment outcome remains unclear. The current study examined whether self-appraisals change following antidepressant treatment. Furthermore, we investigated the association of self-appraisals with treatment outcome. METHODS As part of the CAN-BIND-1 clinical trial, 154 patients with MDD completed measures of objective and subjective cognitive abilities, depressive symptoms, and functional outcomes (work productivity, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life) at baseline and post-escitalopram treatment. Self-appraisals were calculated based on discrepancies between objective and subjective cognitive abilities, with higher scores indicating overestimation of cognitive abilities. RESULTS Baseline self-appraisals were not predictive of treatment outcomes. However, self-appraisals increased from pre- to post-treatment. Moreover, pre-post treatment increases in self-appraisals were associated with positive treatment response and remission, decreases in depressive symptoms, and improvements in work productivity, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life. LIMITATIONS The pre-post intervention design precluded examining the temporal precedence of change in self-appraisals versus depressive symptoms and functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings are the first to demonstrate that self-appraisals are treatment-sensitive and are associated with treatment outcomes and recovery from MDD. Cognitive self-appraisals may represent a key marker of treatment response and a valuable target for assessment and intervention, as well as a potential mechanism underlying risk and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Rnic
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada,.
| | - Young-Eun Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Korea
| | - Ivan Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Trisha Chakrabarty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joelle LeMoult
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Emma Morton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Shane McInerney
- Department of Psychiatry, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 Tk33, Ireland
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Roumen V Milev
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Daniel Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Arun V Ravindran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Susan Rotzinger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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8
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Wang J, Luo Y, Aleman A, Martens S. Training the attentional blink: subclinical depression decreases learning potential. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 86:1980-1995. [PMID: 34674013 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The attentional blink (AB) reflects a temporal restriction of selective attention and is generally regarded as a very robust phenomenon. However, previous studies have found large individual differences in AB performance, and under some training conditions the AB can be reduced significantly. One factor that may account for individual differences in AB magnitude is the ability to accurately time attention. In the current study, we focus on the sensitivity for temporal information on the ability to control attention. Following a visual AB task, a time estimation task was presented in either the visual or auditory modality, followed by another visual AB task. It was found that the time estimation training in both the auditory and visual modality reduced AB magnitude. Although a reduction in AB magnitude was also observed when individuals were trained on a control task (either an auditory frequency or visual line length estimation task), the effect was significantly larger following the time estimation tasks. In addition, it was found that individuals who showed most improvement on the visual time estimation task, also showed the largest reduction in AB magnitude, which was not the case for individuals who were trained on the control tasks. Finally, a negative correlation was observed between depression scores (tested by Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form (BDI-SF) scores and the improvement in the AB and time estimation tasks. Our findings demonstrate clear links between timing ability and mechanisms to control attention and emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- 1Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Neuroscience Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuejia Luo
- 1Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Neuroscience Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China. .,The Research Center of Brain Science and Visual Cognition, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650504, China. .,College of Teacher Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Andre Aleman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Sander Martens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Valerio MP, Szmulewicz AG, Lomastro J, Martino DJ. Neurocognitive performance in melancholic and non-melancholic major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of comparative studies. Psychiatry Res 2021; 303:114078. [PMID: 34246007 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Valerio
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Argentina; Psychiatric Emergencies Hospital Torcuato de Alvear, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Warnes 2630 (C1427DPS), Argentina
| | - Alejandro G Szmulewicz
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Epidemiology Department. Huntington Av 677, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Pharmacology Department, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Paraguay 2155 8th Floor M1 (C1121ABG), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Lomastro
- Psychiatric Emergencies Hospital Torcuato de Alvear, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Warnes 2630 (C1427DPS), Argentina
| | - Diego J Martino
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Argentina; Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Pacheco de Melo 1854 (C1126AAB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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10
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Cognitive Impairment in Opium Use Disorder. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:5548623. [PMID: 34373762 PMCID: PMC8349248 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5548623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study is aimed at assessing the effects of opium use disorder (OUD) on attention, working memory, and information-processing speed. Thirty outpatients with OUD and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed using a neuropsychological battery consisted of Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Revised (AVLT-R), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), Digit Forward and Backward Tests (DFT and DBT), and WAIS-R Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). The most affected cognitive functions in patients with OUD were detected by DBT and DSST. However, we found no significant difference between patients according to the route of administration. Within patients with OUD, DBT score was associated with opium use quantity (OUQ) (r = −0.385), and DBT (r = 0.483) and DSST (r = 0.542) scores were correlated with duration of use. Our findings indicated that working memory and information-processing speed are the most affected domains of cognitive functioning. DBT and DSST could be used as brief assessments in clinical settings to screen for cognitive deficits in patients with OUD.
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11
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Vervaeke J, Hoorelbeke K, Baeken C, Koster EHW. Online Cognitive Control Training for Remitted Depressed Individuals: A Replication and Extension Study. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Davis MT, DellaGiogia N, Maruff P, Pietrzak RH, Esterlis I. Acute cognitive effects of single-dose intravenous ketamine in major depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:205. [PMID: 33833217 PMCID: PMC8032778 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) subanesthetic doses of ketamine have been shown to reduce psychiatric distress in both major depressive (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the effect of ketamine on cognitive function in these disorders is not well understood. To address this gap, we examined the effect of a single dose of IV ketamine on cognition in individuals with MDD and/or PTSD relative to healthy controls (HC). Psychiatric (n = 29; 15 PTSD, 14 MDD) and sex- age- and IQ matched HC (n = 29) groups were recruited from the community. A single subanesthetic dose of IV ketamine was administered. Mood and cognitive measures were collected prior to, 2 h and 1 day post-ketamine administration. MDD/PTSD individuals evidenced a large-magnitude improvement in severity of depressive symptoms at both 2-hours and 1 day post-ketamine administration (p's < .001, Cohen d's = 0.80-1.02). Controlling for baseline performance and years of education, IV ketamine induced declines in attention (ATTN), executive function (EF), and verbal memory (VM) 2 h post-administration, all of which had resolved by 1 day post-ketamine across groups. The magnitude of cognitive decline was significantly larger in MDD/PTSD relative to HC on attention only (p = .012, d = 0.56). Ketamine did not affect working memory (WM) performance. Cognitive function (baseline, change from baseline to post-ketamine) was not associated with antidepressant response to ketamine. Results suggest that while ketamine may have an acute deleterious effect on some cognitive domains in both MDD/PTSD and HC individuals, most notably attention, this reduction is transient and there is no evidence of ketamine-related cognitive dysfunction at 1 day post-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret T Davis
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, USA
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicole DellaGiogia
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, USA
| | | | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, USA.
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, USA.
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Washington, DC, USA.
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Rajtar-Zembaty A, Rajtar-Zembaty J, Olszewska K, Epa R, Chrobak AA, Starowicz-Filip A, Bętkowska-Korpała B. Comparison of cognitive functioning of elders with late-life depression and patients with and without a history of depressive episodes: a cross-sectional study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 27:1227-1233. [PMID: 33351670 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1859563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays there are numerous studies on the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in late-life depression (LLD). The role of executive dysfunctions in the psychopathology of depression is particularly emphasized and needs further examination. The aim was to assess cognitive functions and their relation to depressive symptoms in elders with LLD, previously depressed, and patients without the history of depressive episodes. The study consisted of 824 older adults who underwent a neuropsychological evaluation (97 currently depressed, 114 previously depressed and 613 patients without the history of depressive episodes). LLD patients performed poorer in ACE-III and AVLT and poorer in TMT-B than those previously depressed and never depressed. The LLD group also performed significantly poorer than the previously depressed on Digit Span Forward. Results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that performance on measures of executive functioning was associated with depression severity in LLD (β =.227, P =.024). The results of this study suggest that executive functions are the most impaired in the elderly with LLD. Furthermore, there is a relationship between executive dysfunction and the severity of depression in LLD. Executive dysfunction appears to be the core neurocognitive deficit in LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rajtar-Zembaty
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Rajtar-Zembaty
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Olszewska
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roksana Epa
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adrian Andrzej Chrobak
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Starowicz-Filip
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Bętkowska-Korpała
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Performances on individual neurocognitive tests by people experiencing a current major depression episode: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:249-259. [PMID: 32697706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES Previous meta-analyses on neurocognitive test performances in depression have provided effect sizes for cognitive domains. Most domain effect sizes have medium to high variance heterogeneity. Restriction to each test performance could reduce variance and clarify differing test effect sizes. This systematic review and meta-analysis were done to 1. provide effect sizes for cognitive performances (test, subtest, or multiple measures within tests), and 2. investigate age as an effect modifier. METHODS Inclusion criteria were: 1. active major depression episode (MD), 2. a control group, 3 reported means and standard deviations, 4. non-computerized tests previously studied at least 3 times. Meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane Review Manager. Age under versus over 45 was investigated as an effect moderator. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies met criteria. MD patients performed significantly poorer on 16 of 16 neurocognitive measures (random effects d = -0.47 to -0.92 across tests). Variance was heterogeneous for 11 of 16 measures. Differences between cognitive measures were largely absent based on overlapping 95% confidence intervals. Effect sizes did not differ under versus over 45 years. LIMITATIONS Bias risk assessment showed limited control for subject selection, comparability of depressed and control groups, pre-morbid intelligence, drug treatment, and effort in testing. CONCLUSIONS The depression - cognition effect was in the moderate to large range regardless of test type. Variance heterogeneity was substantial despite exclusion of inactive depression and the absence of test pooling. The size of the depression - cognition effect was not a function of age.
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Tzivian L, Soppa V, Winkler A, Hennig F, Weimar C, Moebus S, Hoffmann B, Jokisch M. The role of depressive symptoms within the association of long-term exposure to indoor and outdoor traffic noise and cognitive function - Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 230:113570. [PMID: 32823068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traffic noise is negatively associated with cognitive function, and its perception can differ between depressed and non-depressed people. We studied the role of depressive symptoms in the association between traffic noise and cognitive function. We studied the role of depressive symptoms in the association between traffic noise and cognitive function. METHODS During the first follow-up examination (2006-2008) of the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall study, cognitive function (five subtests and an additive global summary score, GCS) and depressive symptoms (CES-D score) were assessed in 2745 participants (aged 50-80, 49.8% women). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was diagnosed according to the Petersen criteria in 380 participants. Long-term exposure to traffic noise was modeled as weighted 24-h mean (LDEN) and night-time mean (LNIGHT) at the façade of the baseline addresses, and was corrected for indoors (LDEN_IN and LNIGHT_IN). We developed multiple linear and logistic regression models adjusted for individual-level characteristics to investigate cross-sectionally the role of depressive symptoms in the association of traffic noise with cognitive function. RESULTS Overall, 8.6% participants had depressive symptoms. The median noise values were LDEN 52.1 dB(A) and LDEN_IN 34.7 dB(A). Associations were slightly stronger for cognitive subtests in those with severe depression (CES-D>21), i.e., per 10 dB(A) LDEN and verbal fluency: β = -0.04 [-0.11; 0.03] for CES-D≤21 and β = -0.09 [-0.24; -0.06] for CES-D>21. Additional adjustment of the main model for CES-D did not change the association between noise and cognitive outcomes. Estimates using indoor noise exposure were generally stronger and more precise. CONCLUSIONS Depressed people may be more susceptible to adverse effects of noise than non-depressed. Modeled estimates of indoor noise exposure is possibly a more appropriate measure of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Tzivian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Soppa
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela Winkler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frauke Hennig
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Weimar
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Centre for Urban Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martha Jokisch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Kwak K, Kim BK, Jang TW, Sim CS, Ahn YS, Choi KS, Jeong KS. Association between Shift Work and Neurocognitive Function among Firefighters in South Korea: A Prospective Before-After Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134647. [PMID: 32605225 PMCID: PMC7369884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent research indicates that shift work is associated with neurocognitive function. However, studies that examine the association between shift work and neurocognitive function in firefighters have not yet been performed. We examined the effect of shift work on neurocognitive function in firefighters by measuring and comparing neurocognitive function before and after night shift. Methods: 352 firefighters from eight fire stations in South Korea were included in this study. We performed neurocognitive function test using central nervous system vital signs (CNSVS) during daytime work and on the next day after night work. We performed paired t-tests to assess differences between neurocognitive function before and after night work. We also compared neurocognitive function in insomnia and depression. We used a general linear model to analyze the associations between shiftwork schedule and the changes in neurocognitive function. Results: The neurocognitive function significantly decreased in six domains (composite memory, verbal memory, visual memory, complex attention, psychomotor speed, and motor speed) as did the neurocognitive index on the next day after night work compared with during day work. These decreased domains were the same following night work regardless of the type of shift work. Conclusion: Night work in firefighters may cause neurocognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongmin Kwak
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea;
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Bong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Daewoo Hospital, Geoje 53317, Korea
| | - Tae-Won Jang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Chang Sun Sim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Soon Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Sook Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Korea;
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-741-0630
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Abstract
SummaryThe P3 components (P3a and P3b) of the event-related potentials have been analysed in sixteen in-patients with a major depressive episode (DSM III-R) according to their subtype - anxious-agitated and impulsiveversusretarded and blunted-affect - assuming that these two opposite dimensions of the depressive mood would rely on different physiopathological mechanisms. The P3a component, which indexes automatic cognitive processes, was dramatically decreased in the retarded and blunted-affect group. This suggests that this special type of cognitive dysfunction in depression is rather related to negative symptoms than to depression itself.
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Abstract
RésuméLes données neurochimiques directes ou indirectes obtenues dans différentes affections du système nerveux central (SNC) constituent la base rationnelle de I'utilisation des médicaments dans des indications précises. Les antidépresseurs (AD) tricycliques agissant sur les principales amines du SNC trouvent ainsi des applications thérapeutiques variées en dehors de la dépression. L'arrivée de nouveaux AD au mécanisme d'action, soit plus cibé (la sérotonine), soit différent (IMAO) pose de nouveau cette question des indications psychiatriques et neurologiques, qui ne peut être résolue que par des essais méthodologiquement irréprochables. Une telle approche évitera d'ignorer pendant des années des effets thérapeutiques incontestables d'une molécule ancienne, tel que ce fut le cas de la clomipramine dans les troubles obsessifs-compulsifs.
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Yi H, Smiljanic R, Chandrasekaran B. The Effect of Talker and Listener Depressive Symptoms on Speech Intelligibility. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:4269-4281. [PMID: 31738862 PMCID: PMC7201326 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-19-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study examined the effect of depressive symptoms on production and perception of conversational and clear speech (CS) sentences. Method Five talkers each with high-depressive (HD) and low-depressive (LD) symptoms read sentences in conversational and clear speaking style. Acoustic measures of speaking rate, mean fundamental frequency (F0; Hz), F0 range (Hz), and energy in the 1-3 kHz range (dB) were obtained. Thirty-two young adult participants (15 HD, 16 LD) heard these conversational and clear sentences mixed with energetic masking (speech-shaped noise) at -5 dB SPL signal-to-noise ratio. Another group of 39 young adult participants (18 HD, 19 LD) heard the same sentences mixed with informational masking (one-talker competing speech) at -12 dB SPL signal-to-noise ratio. The key word correct score was obtained. Results CS was characterized by a decreased speaking rate, increased F0 mean and range, and increased energy in the 1-3 kHz range. Talkers with HD symptoms produced these modifications significantly less compared to talkers with LD symptoms. When listening to speech in energetic masking (speech-shaped noise), listeners with both HD and LD symptoms benefited less from the CS produced by HD talkers. Listeners with HD symptoms performed significantly worse than listeners with LD symptoms when listening to speech in informational masking (one-talker competing speech). Conclusions Results provide evidence that depressive symptoms impact intelligibility and have the potential to aid in clinical decision making for individuals with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Yi
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock
| | - Rajka Smiljanic
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Bharath Chandrasekaran
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA
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Hein M, Lanquart JP, Loas G, Hubain P, Linkowski P. Alterations of neural network organisation during rapid eye movement sleep and slow-wave sleep in major depression: Implications for diagnosis, classification, and treatment. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 291:71-78. [PMID: 31416044 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to empirically investigate the network organisation during rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and slow-wave sleep (SWS) using the effective connectivity measured using the Granger causality to identify new potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, classification, and potential favourable response to treatment in major depression. Polysomnographic data were analysed from 24 healthy individuals and 16 major depressed individuals recruited prospectively. To obtain the 19×19 connectivity matrix of all possible pairwise combinations of electrodes by the Granger causality method from our electroencephalographic data, we used the Toolbox MVGC multivariate Granger causality. The computation of network measures was realised by importing these connectivity matrices into the EEGNET Toolbox. Major depressed individuals (versus healthy individuals) and those with endogenous depression (versus those with neurotic depression) present alterations of small-world network organisation during REMS, whereas major depressed individuals with potential favourable response to electroconvulsive therapy (versus those with potential unfavourable response) have a less efficient small-world network organisation during SWS. Thus, alterations in network organisation during REMS could be biomarkers for the diagnosis and classification of major depressive episodes, whereas alterations of network organisation during SWS could be a biomarker to predict potential favourable response to treatment by electroconvulsive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Hein
- Erasme Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Pol Lanquart
- Erasme Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwenolé Loas
- Erasme Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Hubain
- Erasme Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Linkowski
- Erasme Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
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Jia QF, Chen P, Zhu HL, Chen SS, Gu XC, Yin XY, Wu YH, Yin GZ, Hui L. Cognitive Impairments in First-Episode Drug-Naïve Versus Medicated Depressive Patients: RBANS in a Chinese Population. Psychiatr Q 2019; 90:471-480. [PMID: 31079346 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-019-09641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a core feature of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there are no previous studies that directly compare cognitive performance between first-episode drug-naive depressive patients (FDDP) and medicated depressive patients (MDP). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there were the differences in cognitive functions between FDDP and MDP. Sixty-two FDDP, 111 MDP and 90 healthy controls were enrolled in a Chinese population. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). There were the differences in the RBANS total score (F = 26.55, p < 0.001), subscales of immediate memory (F = 3.95, p = 0.02), language (F = 54.11, p < 0.001) and delayed memory (F = 11.19, p = 0.001) among the three groups after controlling for gender, education, smoking and body mass index (BMI). These differences in the RBANS total score, subscales of language and delayed memory passed the Bonferroni corrections (all, p < 0.05). Compared to healthy controls, FDDP and MDP had poorer cognitive performance including the RBANS total score, and subscales of language and delayed memory (all, p < 0.05) after controlling for the variables. FDDP experienced greater language deficits than MDP (p < 0.05) after controlling for the variables. Education was correlated with the language score in FDDP (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that education was an independent contributor to the language score in FDDP (ß = 3.11, t = 5.48, p < 0.001). Our findings indicated that FDDP had poorer language performance than MDP. Moreover, education could influence the language performance in FDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Fang Jia
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liang Zhu
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Shan Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chu Gu
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yuan Yin
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hai Wu
- Anhui Rongjun Hospital, Bengbu, 233499, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Zhong Yin
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hui
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Maharaj S, Lees T, Lal S. Negative Mental States and Their Association to the Cognitive Function of Nurses. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Nurses’ inherently stressful occupation leaves them at a higher risk of developing negative mental states (stress, anxiety, and depression). However, research examining the effect of negative mental states on these health professionals’ cognitive performance is sparse. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the link between negative mental states and cognitive performance in nurses ( n = 53). Negative mental state data was obtained using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, brain activity was measured using electroencephalography, and finally, cognitive performance was assessed using the Cognistat and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Significant negative correlations ( p < .05) were observed between anxiety and attention, and all three negative mental states and memory performance. Electroencephalographic changes indicated that increases in anxiety were significantly associated ( p < .05) with decreases in gamma reactivity at fronto-central sites. The current study suggests that higher levels of negative mental states are associated with domain-specific cognitive impairments, and variations in gamma reactivity; possibly reflecting less optimal cortical functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamona Maharaj
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ty Lees
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sara Lal
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Cernera S, Okun MS, Gunduz A. A Review of Cognitive Outcomes Across Movement Disorder Patients Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation. Front Neurol 2019; 10:419. [PMID: 31133956 PMCID: PMC6514131 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although the benefit in motor symptoms for well-selected patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been established, cognitive declines associated with DBS can produce suboptimal clinical responses. Small decrements in cognition can lead to profound effects on quality of life. The growth of indications, the expansion of surgical targets, the increasing complexity of devices, and recent changes in stimulation paradigms have all collectively drawn attention to the need for re-evaluation of DBS related cognitive outcomes. Methods: To address the impact of cognitive changes following DBS, we performed a literature review using PubMed. We searched for articles focused on DBS and cognition. We extracted information about the disease, target, number of patients, assessment of time points, cognitive battery, and clinical outcomes. Diseases included were dystonia, Tourette syndrome (TS), essential tremor (ET), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Results: DBS was associated with mild cognitive issues even when rigorous patient selection was employed. Dystonia studies reported stable or improved cognitive scores, however one study using reliable change indices indicated decrements in sustained attention. Additionally, DBS outcomes were convoluted with changes in medication dose, alleviation of motor symptoms, and learning effects. In the largest, prospective TS study, an improvement in attentional skills was noted, whereas smaller studies reported variable declines across several cognitive domains. Although, most studies reported stable cognitive outcomes. ET studies largely demonstrated deficits in verbal fluency, which had variable responses depending on stimulation setting. Recently, studies have focused beyond the ventral intermediate nucleus, including the post-subthalamic area and zona incerta. For PD, the cognitive results were heterogeneous, although deficits in verbal fluency were consistent and related to the micro-lesion effect. Conclusion: Post-DBS cognitive issues can impact both motor and quality of life outcomes. The underlying pathophysiology of cognitive changes post-DBS and the identification of pathways underpinning declines will require further investigation. Future studies should employ careful methodological designs. Patient specific analyses will be helpful to differentiate the effects of medications, DBS and the underlying disease state, including disease progression. Disease progression is often an underappreciated factor that is important to post-DBS cognitive issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cernera
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael S Okun
- Department of Neurology, Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aysegul Gunduz
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurology, Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Vervaeke J, Hoorelbeke K, Baeken C, Van Looy J, Koster EHW. Transfer and Motivation After Cognitive Control Training for Remitted Depression in Healthy Sample. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-019-00135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Differential effects of unipolar versus bipolar depression on episodic memory updating. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 161:158-168. [PMID: 31004802 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memories, when reactivated, can be modified or updated by new learning. Since such dynamic memory processes remain largely unexplored in psychiatric disorders, we examined the impact of depression on episodic memory updating. Unipolar and bipolar depression patients, and age/education matched controls, first learned a set of objects (List-1). Two days later, participants in all three groups were either reminded of the first learning session or not followed by the learning of a new set of objects (List-2). Forty-eight hours later, List-1 recall was impaired in unipolar and bipolar patients compared to control participants. Further, as expected, control participants who received a reminder spontaneously recalled items from List-2 during recall of List-1, indicative of an updated List-1 memory. Such spontaneous intrusions were also seen in the unipolar and bipolar patients that received the reminder, suggesting that memory updating was unaffected in these two patient groups despite impaired recall of List 1. Unexpectedly, we observed a trend towards higher intrusions, albeit statistically insignificant, not only in the reminder but also in the no-reminder subgroups of bipolar patients. We probed this further in a second cohort by testing recall of List-2, which was also impaired in both depression groups. Again bipolar patients showed intrusions, but this time in the reverse order from List-1 into List-2, independent of a reminder. Taken together, despite impaired recall, updating of episodic memories was intact and unidirectional in unipolar depression. In contrast, indiscriminate updating, as evidenced by bidirectional interference between episodic memories, was seen in bipolar depression. These findings reveal a novel distinction between unipolar versus bipolar depression using a reactivation-dependent memory updating paradigm.
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Milak MS, Potter WA, Pantazatos SP, Keilp JG, Zanderigo F, Schain M, Sublette ME, Oquendo MA, Malone KM, Brandenburg H, Parsey RV, Mann JJ. Resting regional brain activity correlates of verbal learning deficit in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 283:96-103. [PMID: 30580237 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Memory deficits are reported in major depressive disorder (MDD). Prefrontal cortical and mesiotemporal cortical (MTC)/subcortical regions are involved in the Buschke Selective Reminding Task (SRT), a verbal list-learning task. To determine whether depression-related changes in resting brain metabolism explain (in part) the deficits in SRT performance found in MDD, statistical correlation maps were calculated between SRT total recall score (TR) and relative regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglu), measured by [18F]-flourodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), in unmedicated, depressed MDD patients (N = 29). Subsequently, to explore hypothesized loss of top-down control in MDD, we compared the correlations between rCMRglu of SRT-relevant regions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and amygdala in a larger cohort of MDD (N = 60; 29 inclusive) versus healthy controls (HC) (N = 43). SRT performance of patients is on average 0.5 standard deviation below published normative mean. TR and rCMRglu positively correlate in bilateral dorsomedial PFC, dlPFC, dorsal anterior cingulate; negatively correlate in bilateral MTC/subcortical regions, and cerebellum. rCMRglu in dlPFC correlates negatively with that in amygdala in HC but not in MDD. Depression-related changes present in FDG-PET measured resting brain activity may be in part responsible for memory deficit found in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Milak
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - W Antonio Potter
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Spiro P Pantazatos
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - John G Keilp
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Schain
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin M Malone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holly Brandenburg
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Gill SK, Gomez RG, Keller J, Schatzberg AF. Diagnostic differences in verbal learning strategies and verbal memory in patients with mood disorders and psychotic disorders. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:733-739. [PMID: 30273898 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of verbal learning strategies can offer insight to the difference in verbal memory performance and learning between patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, non-psychotic major depression, and psychotic major depression. To date, a comparison of the use of verbal learning strategies and verbal memory performance amongst these specific diagnostic groups has not been investigated. This study examined differences in verbal learning and memory between psychotic major depression (n = 31), nonpsychotic major depression (n = 30), and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n = 17) disorders. Verbal learning and memory were assessed through the use of the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II). Correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to analyze differences in verbal learning and memory amongst these groups. There were no significant differences in the use of Semantic Clustering. Diagnostic differences were observed in the use of Serial and Subjective Clustering. The psychotic major depression group utilized Serial Clustering strategy significantly less than the nonpsychotic major depression group. Learning strategies significantly predicted learning and recall. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that learning strategies predict verbal memory performance across diagnostic groups. The present study contains useful information on diagnostic differences in verbal learning and memory, and a framework by which treatment could be tailored to enhance learning specific to these diagnostic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supria K Gill
- Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States.
| | - Rowena G Gomez
- Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, United States
| | - Jennifer Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, United States
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, United States
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Anstey KJ, Dear K, Christensen H, Jorm AF. Biomarkers, Health, Lifestyle, and Demographic Variables as Correlates of Reaction Time Performance in Early, Middle, and Late Adulthood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 58:5-21. [PMID: 15881288 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify demographic, health, and biomarker correlates of reaction time performance and to determine whether biomarkers explained age differences in reaction time performance. The sample comprised three representative cohorts aged 20–24, 40–44, and 60–64 years, including a total of 7,485 participants. Reaction time measures of intraindividual variability and latency were used. The measure of intraindividual variability used was independent of mean reaction time. Older adults were more variable than younger adults in choice reaction time performance but not simple reaction time performance. The most important correlates of reaction time performance after gender and education were biological markers such as forced expiratory volume at one second, grip strength, and vision. Few measures of physical or mental health or lifestyle were associated with poorer performance on reaction time measures. Biomarkers explained the majority of age-related variance in simple reaction time and a large proportion of variance in choice reaction time. We conclude that for the ages studied, biomarkers are more important than health factors for explaining age differences in reaction time performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaarin J Anstey
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.
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29
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Jahanshahi M, Torkamani M. The cognitive features of idiopathic and DYT1 dystonia. Mov Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Jahanshahi
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience Group; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery; London UK
| | - Mariam Torkamani
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience Group; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery; London UK
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30
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Hui L, Han M, Du XD, Zhang BH, He SC, Shao TN, Yin GZ. Serum ApoB levels in depressive patients: associated with cognitive deficits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39992. [PMID: 28054633 PMCID: PMC5215543 DOI: 10.1038/srep39992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits have been regarded as one of the most significant clinical symptoms of depressive disorder. Accumulating evidence has shown that apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels, which are responsible for inducing neurodegeneration, may be involved in cognitive deficits. This study examines cognitive deficits, and the correlation of serum ApoB levels with cognitive deficits of depressive disorder. 90 depressive patients and 90 healthy controls with matched age and gender were recruited. Cognition was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Serum ApoB levels in depressive patients were measured by immunoturbidimetric method. Our results showed that depressive patients had lower scores of cognition including RBANS total score and subscales of language and delayed memory (all, p < 0.001) than healthy controls after controlling for the variables. The differences in cognitive functions also passed Bonferroni corrections. Serum ApoB levels were negatively correlated with delayed memory score in depressive patients (r = −0.30, p = 0.01). Furthermore, stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that serum ApoB levels independently contributed to delayed memory in depressive patients (t = −2.68, p = 0.01). Our findings support that serum ApoB levels may be involved in delayed memory decline in depressive patients. Depressive patients also experience greater cognitive deficits, especially in delayed memory and language than healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hui
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mei Han
- School of Medicine, IHMRI, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Xiang Dong Du
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bao Hua Zhang
- Beijing HuilongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, PR China
| | - Shu Chang He
- Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100000, PR China
| | - Tian Nan Shao
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guang Zhong Yin
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu, PR China
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31
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Gold AK, Montana RE, Sylvia LG, Nierenberg AA, Deckersbach T. Cognitive Remediation and Bias Modification Strategies in Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2016; 3:340-349. [PMID: 27917364 PMCID: PMC5127202 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-016-0090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cognitive impairments and biases, which are prevalent in patients with mood and anxiety disorders, can affect quality of life and functioning. Traditional treatments are only insufficiently addressing these impairments and biases. We review the cognitive impairments and biases present in these disorders as well as treatments targeting these domains. RECENT FINDINGS Interventions aimed at improving cognitive impairments and biases may help improve cognitive deficits and overall functioning in patients with mood and anxiety disorders. Direct comparisons of treatments for cognitive impairments or biases versus more traditional psychosocial interventions have produced diverse results. SUMMARY Overall, treatments for cognitive impairments and cognitive biases warrant additional study in clinical trials. Future research should explore cognitive remediation and cognitive bias modification adjunctive to psychosocial treatments to optimize patient outcomes in mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, Suite 580 Boston, MA 02114
| | - Rebecca E. Montana
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, Suite 580 Boston, MA 02114
| | - Louisa G. Sylvia
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, Suite 580 Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Andrew A. Nierenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, Suite 580 Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Thilo Deckersbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, Suite 580 Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
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32
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Potvin S, Charbonneau G, Juster RP, Purdon S, Tourjman SV. Self-evaluation and objective assessment of cognition in major depression and attention deficit disorder: Implications for clinical practice. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 70:53-64. [PMID: 27624423 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Potvin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Scot Purdon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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33
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Dyster TG, Mikell CB, Sheth SA. The Co-evolution of Neuroimaging and Psychiatric Neurosurgery. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:68. [PMID: 27445706 PMCID: PMC4916214 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of neuroimaging in psychiatric neurosurgery has evolved significantly throughout the field's history. Psychiatric neurosurgery initially developed without the benefit of information provided by modern imaging modalities, and thus lesion targets were selected based on contemporary theories of frontal lobe dysfunction in psychiatric disease. However, by the end of the 20th century, the availability of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allowed for the development of mechanistic theories attempting to explain the anatamofunctional basis of these disorders, as well as the efficacy of stereotactic neuromodulatory treatments. Neuroimaging now plays a central and ever-expanding role in the neurosurgical management of psychiatric disorders, by influencing the determination of surgical candidates, allowing individualized surgical targeting and planning, and identifying network-level changes in the brain following surgery. In this review, we aim to describe the coevolution of psychiatric neurosurgery and neuroimaging, including ways in which neuroimaging has proved useful in elucidating the therapeutic mechanisms of neuromodulatory procedures. We focus on ablative over stimulation-based procedures given their historical precedence and the greater opportunity they afford for post-operative re-imaging, but also discuss important contributions from the deep brain stimulation (DBS) literature. We conclude with a discussion of how neuroimaging will transition the field of psychiatric neurosurgery into the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Dyster
- Functional and Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian HospitalNew York, NY, USA
| | - Charles B. Mikell
- Functional and Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian HospitalNew York, NY, USA
| | - Sameer A. Sheth
- Functional and Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian HospitalNew York, NY, USA
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34
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Beblo T. Die Bedeutung kognitiver Beeinträchtigungen bei depressiven Patienten. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NEUROPSYCHOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1024/1016-264x/a000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Beeinträchtigungen der Exekutivfunktionen, der Aufmerksamkeit und des Gedächtnisses sind einige der häufigsten und hartnäckigsten Symptome depressiver Störungen. Bisher konnte allerdings kein eindeutiges Profil dieser Defizite identifiziert werden, wahrscheinlich auch deshalb, weil die Defizite von verschiedenen klinischen und demografischen Faktoren, wie dem Depressionssubtypus, Grübeln, Komorbiditäten und Alter beeinflusst werden. Die kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen verbessern sich mit der Remission der Störung, häufig findet jedoch keine vollständige Rückbildung statt. Sie sind klinisch sehr relevant und gehen einher mit Suizidalität, reduzierten Therapieeffekten und negativen Auswirkungen auf Alltagsaktivitäten. Aus diesen Gründen ergibt sich für betroffene Patienten die Notwendigkeit einer neuropsychologischen Behandlung. Erste Ergebnisse lassen hoffen, dass die kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen mithilfe neuropsychologischer Therapie, Achtsamkeitstraining, psychopharmakologischer Therapie und weiteren neurobiologischen Behandlungen, wie z. B. der repetitiven transkraniellen Magnetstimulation, erfolgreich behandelt werden können.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Beblo
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Bethel, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bielefeld, Bielefeld
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35
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Kurita S, Takei Y, Maki Y, Hattori S, Uehara T, Fukuda M, Mikuni M. Magnetoencephalography study of the effect of attention modulation on somatosensory processing in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:116-25. [PMID: 26388212 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although affective and/or attention modulation of somatosensory processing has been well studied, the biological bases of somatic symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have rarely been examined. To elucidate changes in somatosensory processing underlying somatic symptoms in patients with MDD, we conducted a magnetoencephalography study of patients with MDD and healthy controls. METHODS After median nerve stimulation, somatosensory evoked fields (SEF) were recorded in 10 patients with MDD and 10 sex-, age-, and height-matched healthy volunteers under somatosensory attending, visually attending, and non-attending conditions. The latencies and magnitudes of N20m and P60m SEF were examined. RESULTS In the MDD group, P60m latency was significantly prolonged, irrespective of attention modulation, whereas N20m latency and root mean squares N20m and P60m amplitudes remained unchanged. Prolonged P60m latency negatively correlated with the somatosensory threshold, which was relatively high in the MDD group. Prolonged P60m latency also negatively correlated with a state of anxiety during the examination, but not with depressive symptoms or psychotropic medication. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that patients with MDD experience dysfunction in somatosensory information processing, approximately 60 ms after stimuli, irrespective of attentional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuichi Takei
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yohko Maki
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Suguru Hattori
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toru Uehara
- Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masato Fukuda
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiko Mikuni
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.,International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
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36
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Woo YS, Rosenblat JD, Kakar R, Bahk WM, McIntyre RS. Cognitive Deficits as a Mediator of Poor Occupational Function in Remitted Major Depressive Disorder Patients. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 14:1-16. [PMID: 26792035 PMCID: PMC4730927 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2016.14.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients have been described in numerous studies. However, few reports have aimed to describe cognitive deficits in the remitted state of MDD and the mediational effect of cognitive deficits on occupational outcome. The aim of the current review is to synthesize the literature on the mediating and moderating effects of specific domains of cognition on occupational impairment among people with remitted MDD. In addition, predictors of cognitive deficits found to be vocationally important will be examined. Upon examination of the extant literature, attention, executive function and verbal memory are areas of consistent impairment in remitted MDD patients. Cognitive domains shown to have considerable impact on vocational functioning include deficits in memory, attention, learning and executive function. Factors that adversely affect cognitive function related to occupational accommodation include higher age, late age at onset, residual depressive symptoms, history of melancholic/psychotic depression, and physical/psychiatric comorbidity, whereas higher levels of education showed a protective effect against cognitive deficit. Cognitive deficits are a principal mediator of occupational impairment in remitted MDD patients. Therapeutic interventions specifically targeting cognitive deficits in MDD are needed, even in the remitted state, to improve functional recovery, especially in patients who have a higher risk of cognitive deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sup Woo
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Ron Kakar
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Won-Myong Bahk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto
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Heissel A, Vesterling A, White SA, Kallies G, Behr D, Arafat AM, Reischies FM, Heinzel S, Budde H. Feasibility of an Exercise Program for Older Depressive Inpatients. GEROPSYCH-THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOPSYCHOLOGY AND GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Twelve older inpatients (M age = 66.8) with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) participated in this controlled pilot trial either in a physical exercise group (PEG; n = 6; aerobic, strength, and coordination exercises) or an active control group (ACG; n = 6; relaxation exercises) twice a week for four weeks. While depressive symptoms decreased in both groups, reduction of symptoms was significantly larger in the PEG. However, the PEG had higher BDI scores compared to the ACG at pretest. Neurocognitive functioning and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration did not change significantly. A four-week exercise program may be a feasible adjunct therapy in older MDD patients but the efficacy of the program needs to be proven with larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heissel
- , Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anou Vesterling
- , Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gunnar Kallies
- , Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Behr
- , Department of Sport Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayman M. Arafat
- , Department of Endocrinology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedel M. Reischies
- , Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- , Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Germany
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38
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Duffy OA. The Supreme Court of Canada Ruling on Physician-Assisted Death: Implications for Psychiatry in Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2015; 60:591-6. [PMID: 26720829 PMCID: PMC4679169 DOI: 10.1177/070674371506001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
On February 6, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the prohibition of physician-assisted death (PAD) was unconstitutional for a competent adult person who "clearly consents to the termination of life" and has a "grievous and irremediable (including an illness, disease, or disability) condition that causes enduring suffering that is intolerable to the individual in the circumstances of his or her condition." The radically subjective nature of this ruling raises important questions about who will be involved and how this practice might be regulated. This paper aims to stimulate discussion about psychiatry's role in this heretofore illegal practice and to explore how psychiatry might become involved in end-of-life care in a meaningful, patient-centred way. First, I will review existing international legislation and professional regulatory standards regarding psychiatry and PAD. Second, I will discuss important challenges psychiatry might face regarding capacity assessment, the notion of rational suicide, and the assessment of suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Anne Duffy
- Psychiatry Resident, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
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Kang KD, Cho JH, Han DH. Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Functions in Childen and Adolescents : A Review. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2015. [DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.2015.26.3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Hunt SA, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Baker AL, Michie PT. Systematic review of neurocognition in people with co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 179:51-64. [PMID: 25845750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol misuse and depression represent two major social and health problems globally. These conditions commonly co-occur and both are associated with significant cognitive impairment. Despite this, few studies have examined the impact on cognitive functioning of co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression. This study aims to critically review findings from peer-reviewed published articles examining neuropsychological test performance among samples of people with co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression. METHOD A comprehensive literature search was conducted, yielding six studies reporting neuropsychological profiles of people with co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression. Results comparing cognitive functioning of people with this comorbidity to those with alcohol misuse alone, depression alone, healthy controls and published norms were examined as well as those describing the correlation between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning in people with alcohol use disorders. RESULTS In the majority of instances, the comorbid groups did not differ significantly from those with depression only or alcohol misuse only, nor from healthy controls or published norms. In the cases where a difference in neuropsychological test scores between groups was found, it was not consistently identified across studies. However, visual memory was identified in two studies as being impaired in comorbid samples and is worthy of inclusion in future studies. LIMITATIONS Due to the small number of included studies and the large variation in inclusion criteria as well as differing assessment tools and methodologies between studies, the review did not include a quantitative synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Research into cognitive deficits among people with singly occurring versus co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression is accumulating. Evidence suggests that the neuropsychological performance among samples with this comorbidity is generally not severely impaired and is unlikely to preclude benefit from treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Hunt
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, Australia.
| | - Frances J Kay-Lambkin
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Amanda L Baker
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, Australia.
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Day CV, Gatt JM, Etkin A, DeBattista C, Schatzberg AF, Williams LM. Cognitive and emotional biomarkers of melancholic depression: An iSPOT-D report. J Affect Disord 2015; 176:141-50. [PMID: 25710095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressed patients with melancholic features have distinct impairments in cognition and anhedonia, but it remains unknown whether these impairments can be quantified on neurocognitive biomarker tests of behavioral performance. We compared melancholic major depressive disorder (MDD) patients to non-melancholic MDD patients and controls on a neurocognitive test battery that assesses eight general and emotional cognitive domains including the hypothesized decision-making and reward-threat perception. METHODS MDD outpatients (n=1008) were assessed using a computerized battery of tests. MDD participants met DSM-IV criteria for MDD and had a score ≥16 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Melancholic MDD was defined using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and a psychomotor disturbance observer-rated CORE measure score >7. Controls were age- and gender-matched with no previous DSM-IV or significant medical history. RESULTS Melancholic participants (33.7% of the MDD sample) exhibited significantly poorer performance than controls across each domain of cognitive function and for speed of emotion identification and implicit emotion priming. Compared to the non-melancholic group, specific disturbances were seen on tests of information speed, decision speed, and reward-relevant emotional processing of happy expressions, even after co-varying for symptom severity. LIMITATIONS Assessments were taken at only one medication-free time point. Reward was investigated using an emotional faces task. CONCLUSIONS Melancholic MDD is distinguished by a specific neurocognitive marker profile consistent with reduced decision-making capacity under time demands and loss of reward sensitivity. This profile suggests an underlying deficit in mesolimbic-cortical circuitry for motivationally-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire V Day
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; Brain Resource Ltd., 235 Jones Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brain Resource Inc., 1000 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA
| | - Justine M Gatt
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Charles DeBattista
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Near-infrared spectroscopic study of frontopolar activation during face-to-face conversation in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 57:74-83. [PMID: 25056175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients show speech characteristics that vary greatly according to mood state. In a previous study, we found impaired temporal and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) activation in schizophrenia during face-to-face conversation; no study had, however, previously investigated mood disorders during face-to-face conversation. Here, we investigated frontal and temporal lobe activation during conversation in patients with MDD and BD. Frontal and temporal lobe activation was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in 29 patients with MDD, 31 patients with BD, and 31 normal controls (NC). We compared continuous activation and rapid change of activation with talk/listen phase changes during the conversation and analyzed the correlation between these indices and clinical variables. Both the MDD and BD groups showed decreased continuous activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) and left frontopolar cortices (FPCs); they also showed decreased rapid change in bilateral FPC activation. In the MDD group, the rapid change of activation was positively correlated with Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores. In the BD group, continuous activation was negatively correlated with age of onset. These results indicate that frontal activation during conversation decreases in both MDD and BD. However, both continuous activation and rapid change may reflect the pathophysiological character of MDD and BD; in particular, the reduced amount of rapid change in the right FPC may be related to impaired adaptive ability in MDD.
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Carvalho N, Noiret N, Vandel P, Monnin J, Chopard G, Laurent E. Saccadic eye movements in depressed elderly patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105355. [PMID: 25122508 PMCID: PMC4133355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to characterize oculomotor performances in elderly depressed patients. The second aim was to investigate whether cognitive inhibition measured by the antisaccade task was associated with a psychomotor retardation or rather with a more specific cognitive-motor inhibition deficit. Twenty patients with a major depressive disorder and forty-seven healthy subjects performed two eye movement tasks. Saccadic reaction time and error rates were analyzed in the prosaccade task to obtain basic parameters of eye movements. Saccade latency, error rates and correction rates were evaluated in the antisaccade task to investigate inhibition capacities. Performances were impaired in patients, who exhibited a higher reaction time and error rates compared to controls. The higher time cost of inhibition suggested that the reaction time was not related to global psychomotor retardation alone. The higher time cost of inhibition could be explained by a specific alteration of inhibition processes evaluated by the antisaccade task. These changes were associated with the severity of depression. These findings provide a new perspective on cognitive inhibition in elderly depressed patients and could have important clinical implications for our understanding of critical behaviors involving deficits in inhibitory processes in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital, Besançon, France
- E.A. 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- * E-mail: (NC); (EL)
| | - Nicolas Noiret
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital, Besançon, France
- E.A. 3188, Laboratory of Psychology, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Pierre Vandel
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital, Besançon, France
- E.A. 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- CIC-IT 808 Inserm, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Julie Monnin
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital, Besançon, France
- E.A. 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- CIC-IT 808 Inserm, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Gilles Chopard
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital, Besançon, France
- E.A. 481, Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Eric Laurent
- E.A. 3188, Laboratory of Psychology, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- UMSR 3124/FED 4209 MSHE Ledoux, CNRS and University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- * E-mail: (NC); (EL)
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Chandrasekaran B, Van Engen K, Xie Z, Beevers CG, Maddox WT. Influence of depressive symptoms on speech perception in adverse listening conditions. Cogn Emot 2014; 29:900-9. [PMID: 25090306 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2014.944106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that individuals with elevated depressive symptoms exhibit deficits in inter-personal communication. Research has primarily focused on speech production in individuals with elevated depressive symptoms. Little is known about speech perception in individuals with elevated depressive symptoms, especially in challenging listening conditions. Here, we examined speech perception in young adults with low- or high-depressive (HD) symptoms in the presence of a range of maskers. Maskers were selected to reflect various levels of informational masking (IM), which refers to cognitive interference due to signal and masker similarity, and energetic masking (EM), which refers to peripheral interference due to signal degradation by the masker. Speech intelligibility data revealed that individuals with HD symptoms did not differ from those with low-depressive symptoms during EM, but they exhibited a selective deficit during IM. Since IM is a common occurrence in real-world social settings, this listening deficit may exacerbate communicative difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Chandrasekaran
- a Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
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Kang H, Zhao F, You L, Giorgetta C, D V, Sarkhel S, Prakash R. Pseudo-dementia: A neuropsychological review. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2014; 17:147-54. [PMID: 25024563 PMCID: PMC4090838 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.132613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since Kiloh (1961)[2] coined the term pseudo-dementia, it has been used a little loosely for describing the cognitive deficits in depression, especially, which is found in old age. However, several diagnostic dilemmas persist regarding the nosological status of this condition. Teasing out these individual diagnostic problems is important not only for administering appropriate therapy, but also for preventing them from the unnecessary diagnostic assessments towards the other diagnoses. Thus, it is important to have a detailed knowledge of the cognitive or neuropsychological deficits in this condition. In this review, we start by addressing the important issue of diagnostic confusion between dementia and pseudo-dementia. Subsequently, we proceed by reviewing the present scientific literature on the cognitive deficits found in this clinical condition. For the sake of convenience, we will divide the cognitive deficits into: Memory deficits Executive function deficits and Deficits in speech and language domains.
Finally, we will look at the progression of this condition to see the components of this condition, which can be actually called “Pseudo”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Kang
- Department of Emergency, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengqing Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Llbo You
- Operating Room, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cinzia Giorgetta
- Department of Cognitive Science and Education, University of Trento, Rovereto, Trentino, Italy
| | - Venkatesh D
- Department of Physiology, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Mathikere, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujit Sarkhel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ravi Prakash
- Department of Physiology, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Mathikere, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Shrier I, Raglin JS, Levitan EB, Mittleman MA, Steele RJ, Powell J. Procedures for assessing psychological predictors of injuries in circus artists: a pilot prospective study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014; 14:77. [PMID: 24920527 PMCID: PMC4064279 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on psychological risk factors for injury has focused on stable traits. Our objective was to test the feasibility of a prospective longitudinal study designed to examine labile psychological states as risk factors of injury. Methods We measured psychological traits at baseline (mood, ways of coping and anxiety), and psychological states every day (1-item questions on anxiety, sleep, fatigue, soreness, self-confidence) before performances in Cirque du Soleil artists of the show “O”. Additional questions were added once per week to better assess anxiety (20-item) and mood. Questionnaires were provided in English, French, Russian and Japanese. Injury and exposure data were extracted from electronic records that are kept as part of routine business practices. Results The 43.9% (36/82) recruitment rate was more than expected. Most artists completed the baseline questionnaires in 15 min, a weekly questionnaire in <2 min and a daily questionnaire in <1 min. We improved the formatting of some questions during the study, and adapted the wording of other questions to improve clarity. There were no dropouts during the entire study, suggesting the questionnaires were appropriate in content and length. Results for sample size calculations depend on the number of artists followed and the minimal important difference in injury rates, but in general, preclude a purely prospective study with daily data collection because of the long follow-up required. However, a prospective nested case-crossover design with data collection bi-weekly and at the time of injury appears feasible. Conclusion A prospective study collecting psychological state data from subjects who train and work regularly together is feasible, but sample size calculations suggest that the optimal study design would use prospective nested case-crossover methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Shrier
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Ch, Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada.
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Shah DV, Desai CK, Dikshit RK. An analysis of the effects of three commonly prescribed antidepressant agents on memory function. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-013-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hsu KJ, Young-Wolff KC, Kendler KS, Halberstadt LJ, Prescott CA. Neuropsychological deficits in major depression reflect genetic/familial risk more than clinical history: a monozygotic discordant twin-pair study. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:87-94. [PMID: 24262663 PMCID: PMC3955732 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological deficits have been associated with major depression (MD) and persist in some individuals even after symptom remission. However, it is unclear if the deficits are a consequence of MD or are pre-existing and reflect MD vulnerability. We addressed this issue by studying 117 twins from monozygotic (MZ) pairs discordant for lifetime history of DSM-III-R defined MD and 41 twins from MZ pairs in which neither twin had experienced MD. Our assessment included a structured clinical interview and measures from the WMS-III and WAIS-III. The "unaffected" twins from discordant pairs showed the same pattern of performance as their affected cotwins on measures of attention, working memory, verbal memory, and visuo-spatial processing. Compared to twins from pairs with no MD history, twins in discordant pairs had lower performance in the domains of attention, memory, visuo-spatial processing, and general knowledge. However, after adjusting for sex and age, the groups differed only on attention and general knowledge. The similar performance of twins in pairs discordant for MD suggests that familial risk for MD has a greater influence on neuropsychological functioning than individual MD history. Findings of impairment in individuals euthymic for MD are more consistent with pre-existing deficits than scarring effects of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kean J. Hsu
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Lisa J. Halberstadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Carol A. Prescott
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Carol Prescott, Department of Psychology, SGM 501, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061. Contact:
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Abstract
Psychiatric disorders in migraine patients have a higher prevalence than general population. The presence of psychiatric comorbidities may influence the complexity of the migraine pictures and be related to medication overuse. Severely impaired chronic migraineurs presenting with medication overuse are a challenge for headache clinics. Psychiatric comorbities, such as dependency-like behaviors, anxiety and mood symptoms, might account for headache-related disability and recurrent relapses into medication overuse after a successful detoxification. Within a sample of 63 chronic migraineurs with medication overuse and severe disability, we investigated to which extent clinical severity, affective states and attitudes about medication impact the overall functioning at time of detoxification. To unravel whether some of these factors could predict their long-term outcome, we followed and retest them 1 year after withdrawal. We hypothesized that the detoxification would have led to a partial improvement and not modified the attitudes toward medication and dependence. Detoxification improves most of the clinical and affective measures, but does not free from significant levels of pain intensity and headache-related disability. The partial benefit from detoxification, the severity bias and the maladaptive cognitive profile led us to believe that subgroups of chronic-relapsing migraineurs deserve a multidisciplinary approach that addresses not only the reduction of clinical severity but also specific cognitive and behavioral impairments.
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Choi HJ, Lee DY, Seo EH, Jo MK, Sohn BK, Choe YM, Byun MS, Kim JW, Kim SG, Yoon JC, Jhoo JH, Kim KW, Woo JI. A normative study of the digit span in an educationally diverse elderly population. Psychiatry Investig 2014; 11:39-43. [PMID: 24605122 PMCID: PMC3942550 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of demographic variables on Digit Span test (DS) performance in an educationally diverse elderly population and to provide normative information. METHODS The DS was administered to 784 community-dwelling volunteers aged 60-90 years with an educational history of from zero to 25 years of full-time education. People with serious neurological, medical and psychiatric disorders (including dementia) were excluded. RESULTS Age, education and gender were found to be significantly associated with performance on the DS. Based on the results obtained, DS norms were stratified by age (2 strata), education (3 strata), and gender (2 strata). CONCLUSION Our results on DS performance suggest that both attention and working memory are influenced by age, education and gender. The present study provides reasonably comprehensive normative information on the DS for an educationally diverse elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Cognitive Science, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Seo
- Interdisciplinary Program for Cognitive Science, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Jo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Sohn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Choe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Wook Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Gyeom Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Choul Yoon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Gyeonggi Provincial Hospital for the Elderly, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyeong Jhoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Inn Woo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Cognitive Science, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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