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Neyestani TR, Ghandchi Z, Eshraghian MR, Kalayi A, Shariatzadeh N, Houshiarrad A. Evidence for augmented oxidative stress in the subjects with type 1 diabetes and their siblings: a possible preventive role for antioxidants. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:1054-8. [PMID: 22781023 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress (OS) is thought to be involved in both development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its further complications. In this study, certain biomarkers of OS were compared among the subjects with T1D, their non-diabetic siblings and unrelated healthy controls. SUBJECTS/METHODS Known cases of T1D from both sexes aged 5-25 years were enrolled in a case-control study (n(1)=60). There were two control groups; non-diabetic siblings (n(2)=60) and unrelated apparently healthy subjects (n(3)=60). Anthropometric, dietary and laboratory assessments were done. RESULTS There was no significant difference in dietary data among the groups. Total antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in T1D than both related and unrelated controls (1.6 ± 0.05, 1.7 ± 0.05 and 1.8 ± 0.06 mmol BSA equivalent/l, respectively, P=0.044). Both T1D subjects and their siblings showed lower glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) levels (median (interquartile range): 22.2 (28.6), 29.9 (23) and 41.8 (73.6) U/ml, respectively, P=0.006). On the contrary, superoxide dismutase concentrations were significantly higher in T1D group and the siblings than unrelated healthy controls (243 (45.3), 157.8 (176.9) and 27.9 (8.7) U/l, respectively, P<0.001). Serum concentrations of GSH correlated with energy intake in the siblings (r=0.521, P<0.001) and unrelated controls (r=0.268, P=0.042) but not in T1D group. The associations remained significant after controlling for blood glucose (r=0.437, P=0.001 and r=0.420, P=0.011, respectively) in both the groups. CONCLUSION Augmented OS in the siblings may indicate an increased requirement for antioxidants in genetically diabetes-prone subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI), Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Altan N, Sepici-Dinçel A, Sahin D, Kocamanoğlu N, Kosova F, Engin A. Oxidative DNA damage: the thyroid hormone-mediated effects of insulin on liver tissue. Endocrine 2010; 38:214-20. [PMID: 20703869 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone affects glucose homeostasis with its actions between the skeletal muscle and liver and the altered oxidative and non-oxidative glucose metabolism. In our study three chemicals are considered biomarkers associated with oxidative stress for protein modifications were measured; 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyyguanosine (8-OHdG), a major lesion that can be generated by reactive oxygen species for DNA damage, protein carbonyl content (PCO), products of protein oxidation and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) a dithyrosine containing cross-linked protein products. The purpose of the recent study was to determine the effects of insulin and T4 or their combination in diabetic, thyroidectomized, or diabetic-thyroidectomized rats and possible relations with oxidative DNA and protein damages. For this purpose, rats were assigned to eight groups: Group 1; control, Group 2; diabetes, Group 3; diabetes+insulin, Group 4; surgically thyroidectomized control, Group 5; thyroidectomized+diabetes, Group 6; thyroidectomized+diabetes+insulin, Group 7; thyroidectomized+diabetes+insulin+thyroid hormone, levothyroxin sodium, 2.5 μg/kg and Group 8; thyroidectomized+diabetes+insulin+thyroid hormone, levothyroxin sodium, 5.0 μg/kg for 5 weeks. After the genomic DNA of liver tissues was extracted, the ratio of 8-OHdG to deoxyguanosine and liver tissue protein oxidation markers was determined. The main findings of our recent study were the increased 8-OHdG levels during the diabetes, hypothyroidism, and hypothyroidism with diabetes, which can be regulated in different percentages with the treatment of 2.5 and 5.0 μg/kg doses of thyroid hormone and the altered protein carbonyl and AOPP levels of liver tissue. Consequently, it was observed that the DNA and protein damage induced by oxidative stress in diabetes could be regulated by dose-dependent thyroid hormone-mediated effects to insulin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Altan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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3
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Nazaroglu NK, Sepici-Dincel A, Altan N. The effects of sulfonylurea glyburide on superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in the brain tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. J Diabetes Complications 2009; 23:209-13. [PMID: 18413155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A member of the second-generation sulfonylureas, glyburide (GLY; glibenclamide) provides an effective therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. It stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion, suggesting that it is effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes primarily by elevating the circulating insulin levels. However, experimental evidences have indicated that sulfonylureas have also had an extrapancreatic effect, which may directly contribute toward maintaining blood glucose homeostasis during diabetes. METHODS In this study, we administrated GLY to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and determined the effects of such treatment on activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) from brain tissue. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Brain CAT and GPx activities were not significantly different in the diabetic group compared to controls (P>.05), but the SOD activity was significantly reduced in the diabetic group compared to controls (P<.001). GLY treatment of 4 weeks had restored the SOD and CAT enzyme activities in diabetic rat brain (P<.05). In addition, high blood glucose levels of untreated diabetic rats were decreased following the GLY treatment (P<.01). Administration of GLY to diabetic rats restored the diabetes-induced changes, suggesting that GLY could restore the brain SOD and CAT activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namik K Nazaroglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Yilmaz G, Yilmaz FM, Aral Y, Yucel D. Levels of serum sialic acid and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Lab Anal 2007; 21:260-4. [PMID: 17847112 PMCID: PMC6649083 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of death for diabetic patients. High sialic acid levels (SA) and increased oxidative stress are important factors for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to research whether SA and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels are associated with the degree of the diabetic regulation and investigate if SA and TBARS levels can be controlled with the regulation of the blood glucose levels. A total of 179 subjects were included in the study. Three groups, which were comprised of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (DM group [DMG], n=149), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (IGT group [IGTG], n=15), and normal oral glucose tolerance (NGT) (NGTgroup [NGTG], n=15) were constituted. Glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), SA, and TBARS were measured in the sera of the patients. SA and TBARS levels were significantly increased in subjects with type 2 DM (P<0.001 for both). SA concentrations showed significant correlation with triglycerides (r=0.229; P<0.05), fasting glucose (r=0.508; P<0.01), 2-hr postprandial glucose (r=0.455; P<0.01), and HbA1C (r=0.467; P<0.01), and there was a positive correlation between TBARS and HbA1C (r=0.251; P<0.01). Diabetic patients were found to have higher risk for inflammation and oxidative stress. The regulation of blood glucose levels may contribute to the decline of both SA and TBARS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Yilmaz
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Meric Yilmaz
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Aral
- Clinics of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dogan Yucel
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
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Tüzün S, Girgin FK, Sözmen EY, Menteş G, Ersöz B. Antioxidant status in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus: effects of glibenclamide and glipizide on various rat tissues. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 1999; 51:436-41. [PMID: 10445412 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(99)80036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Tüzün
- Ege University Department of Biochemistry, Bornova Izmir, Türkiye
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Altan N, Buğdayci G, Tutkun FK, Sancak B, Nazaroğlu NK. The effect of the sulfonylurea glyburide on nitric oxide in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1998; 31:319-21. [PMID: 9688480 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-3623(97)00430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1. The interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anions has received a great deal of attention. Because NO is rapidly inactivated by superoxide anions, it has been suggested that an enhanced formation of this radical may be involved in the accelerated breakdown of NO. 2. In the present study, we administrated glyburide (glibenclamide) to Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and determined the effect of such treatment on serum nitrite+nitrate levels. Serum nitrite+nitrate levels were reduced in diabetic animals (P<0.001). Administration of glyburide to diabetic rats reversed the diabetes-induced changes, suggesting that glyburide may directly increase serum nitrite+nitrate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Altan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
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Altan N, Yiğit S, Elmali E, Malhatun E, Rota S, Kiliç N. Effect of the sulfonylurea glyburide on superoxide dismutase in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat muscle. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1997; 28:795-6. [PMID: 9184822 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-3623(96)00355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1. The effect of glyburide (glibenclamide) treatment on the muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of diabetic rats has been studied. 2. Four weeks of treatment with glyburide (5 mg/kg, orally) increased muscle SOD activity and decreased blood glucose levels. 3. The results of this study demonstrate that the sulfonylurea, glyburide, is capable of exerting direct insulin-like effects on muscle SOD activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Altan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gazi, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Atalay T, Altan N, Ongun CO, Alagöl H. Effect of the sulfonylurea glyburide on glycogen synthesis in alloxan-induced diabetic rat hepatocytes. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1994; 25:1435-7. [PMID: 7896057 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(94)90170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
1. The effect of glyburide (glibenclamide) treatment on the liver glycogen levels of diabetic rats have been studied. 2. 3 weeks treatment with glyburide (5 mg/kg, orally) increased liver glycogen and decreased blood glucose levels. 3. The results of this study demonstrated that the sulfonylurea, glyburide is capable of exerting direct insulin-like effects on liver glycogen values in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Atalay
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gazi, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Ozenirler S, Tuncer C, Ongun O, Altan N, Kandilci U. Activities of superoxide dismutase in erythrocyte of nonalcoholic chronic liver diseases. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1994; 25:1349-51. [PMID: 7896045 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(94)90158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
1. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was studied in erythrocyte (RBC) of 42 patients with chronic liver disease. 2. Erythrocyte SOD activities in chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and active liver cirrhosis (ALC) groups were not significantly different from that of the control. 3. Erythrocyte SOD activity in the inactive liver cirrhosis (ILC) group was significantly lower than that of the control. 4. No differences of erythrocyte SOD activity were found between CAH, ALC and ILC groups. 5. The reason underlying this finding is obscure and can probably be related to a decrease in the synthesis of SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozenirler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gazi, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Altan N, Atalay T, Ongun CO. Effect of the sulfonylurea glyburide on glycogen synthase activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rat adipocytes. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1994; 25:1245-7. [PMID: 7875551 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(94)90144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
1. The effect of glyburide (glibenclamide) treatment in vivo on the adipose tissue glycogen synthase activity of type II diabetic rats has been studied. 2. Three week treatment of diabetic animals with glyburide (5 mg/kg orally, in saline) increased adipose glycogen synthase activity and decreased blood glucose levels. 3. These results demonstrate that the sulfonylurea glyburide is capable of exerting direct insulin-like effect on adipose glycogen-synthase activity of type II diabetic rats in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Altan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gazi, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Altan N, Ongun CO, Elmali E, Kiliç N, Yavuz O, Cayci B. Effect of the sulfonylurea glyburide on glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rat hepatocytes. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1994; 25:875-8. [PMID: 7835630 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(94)90089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
1. The effect of glyburide treatment on glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione levels of non-insulin diabetic rats has been studied. 2. Hepatic glutathione and glutathione peroxidase concentrations were significantly reduced in diabetic animals. 3. Glyburide treatment of diabetic rats for 4 weeks corrected the changes on the glutathione levels observed in diabetic liver. 4. High blood glucose levels of untreated diabetic rats were decreased following glyburide treatment as well. 5. Administration of glyburide to diabetic rats reversed the diabetes-induced changes suggesting that glyburide may directly increase liver glutathione concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Altan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
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