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Guo J, Yang L, Song H, Bai L. Prevention of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by vaccination with the Tocilizumab mimotope. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2319965. [PMID: 38408907 PMCID: PMC10900270 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2319965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mimotope, a kind of peptide vaccine, is developed to bind natural receptor and inhibit the downstream signaling. We have demonstrated that the vaccination of Tocilizumab mimotopes could alleviate the renal fibrosis by interfering with both IL-6 and ferroptosis signaling. However, the effect of the vaccination of Tocilizumab mimotopes on the fibroblast was not investigated in previous study. Thus, we sought to explore the changes in the fibroblast induced by the Tocilizumab mimotopes vaccination. Bleomycin instillation was performed to construct the pulmonary fibrosis model after the immunization of Tocilizumab mimotopes. Lung histological analysis showed that the Tocilizumab mimotopes could significantly reduce the maladaptive repairment and abnormal remodeling. Immunoblotting assay and fluorescence staining showed that Immunization with the Tocilizumab mimotopes reduces the accumulation of fibrosis-related proteins. High level of lipid peroxidation product was observed in the animal model, while the Tocilizumab mimotopes vaccination could reduce the generation of lipid peroxidation product. Mechanism analysis further showed that Nrf-2 signaling, but not GPX-4 and FSP-1 signaling, was upregulated, and reduced the lipid peroxidation. Our results revealed that in the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, high level of lipid peroxidation product was significantly accumulation in the lung tissues, which might lead to the occurrence of ferroptosis. The IL-6 pathway block therapy could inhibit lipid peroxidation product generation in the lung tissues by upregulating the Nrf-2 signaling, and further alleviate the pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- Department of Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Bai
- The Central Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College (Inner Mongolia Autoimmune Key Laboratory), Baotou, China
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San Segundo-Acosta P, Montero-Calle A, Fuentes M, Rábano A, Villalba M, Barderas R. Identification of Alzheimer's Disease Autoantibodies and Their Target Biomarkers by Phage Microarrays. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2940-2953. [PMID: 31136180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of the humoral response in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients might aid in detecting the disease at early stages. We have combined phage display and protein microarrays to identify AD autoantibodies and their target biomarkers. After enrichment of the T7 phage display libraries from AD and healthy brain tissue mRNA in AD-specific phages, 1536 monoclonal phages were printed on microarrays to probe them with 8 AD and 8 healthy control sera. A total of 57 phages showed higher seroreactivity in AD. In total, 13 out of the 44 unique sequences displayed on the phages were selected for validation using 68 AD and 52 healthy control sera. Peptides from Anthrax toxin receptor 1, Nuclear protein 1, Glycogen phosphorylase, and Olfactory receptor 8J1 expressed in bacteria as HaloTag fusion proteins showed a statistically significant ability to discriminate between AD patients and controls. The identified panel of AD autoantibodies might provide new insights into the blood-based diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo San Segundo-Acosta
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , E-28040 Madrid , Spain.,Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Majadahonda, E-28220 , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Calle
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Majadahonda, E-28220 , Madrid , Spain
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Proteomics Unit , Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL) , 37007 Salamanca , Spain.,Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400 , Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL) , 37007 Salamanca , Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation , Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center , 28031 Madrid , Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , E-28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Majadahonda, E-28220 , Madrid , Spain
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Yang L, Yuan H, Yu Y, Yu N, Ling L, Niu J, Gu Y. Epidermal growth factor receptor mimotope alleviates renal fibrosis in murine unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Clin Immunol 2019; 205:57-64. [PMID: 31152892 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have been recognized as a vital factor that can promote renal fibrosis. Previously we reported that the EGFR mimotope could alleviate the macrophage infiltration in the Sjögren's syndrome-like animal model. In current study, we sought to observe whether the active immunization induced by the EGFR mimotope could ameliorate renal fibrosis in the murine Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) model. A series of experiments showed the EGFR mimotope immunization could ameliorate renal fibrosis, reduce the expressions of fibronectin, α-SMA and collagen I and alleviate the infiltrations of F4/80+ macrophages in UUO model. Meanwhile, the EGFR mimotope immunization could inhibit the EGFR downstream signaling. Additionally, the frequency of and F4/80+CD9+/FAS+ macrophages significantly increased in spleen after the EGFR mimotope immunization. These evidence suggested that the EGFR mimotope could alleviate renal fibrosis by both inhibiting EGFR signaling and promoting macrophages apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Haoran Yuan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Nan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lilu Ling
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jianying Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Bao Q, Li X, Han G, Zhu Y, Mao C, Yang M. Phage-based vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:40-56. [PMID: 30594492 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages, or more colloquially as phages, are viruses that possess the ability to infect and replicate with bacterial cells. They are assembled from two major types of biomolecules, the nucleic acids and the proteins, with the latter forming a capsid and the former being encapsulated. In the eukaryotic hosts, phages are inert particulate antigens and cannot trigger pathogenesis. In recent years, many studies have been explored about using phages as nanomedicine platforms for developing vaccines due to their unique biological characteristics. The whole phage particles can be used for vaccine design in the form of phage-displayed vaccines or phage DNA vaccines. Phage-displayed vaccines are the phages with peptide or protein antigens genetically displayed on their surfaces as well as those with antigens chemically conjugated or biologically bound on their surfaces. The phages can then deliver the immunogenic peptides or proteins to the target cells or tissues. Phage DNA vaccines are the eukaryotic promoter-driven vaccine genes inserted in the phage genomes, which are carried by phages to the target cells to generate antigens. The antigens, either as the immunogenic peptides or proteins displayed on the phages, or as the products expressed from the vaccine genes, can serve as vaccines to elicit immune responses for disease prevention and treatment. Both phage-displayed vaccines and phage DNA vaccines promise a brilliant future for developing vaccines. This review presents the recent advancements in the field of phage-based vaccines and their applications in both the prevention and treatment of various diseases. It also discusses the challenges and perspectives in moving this field forwards.
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Goldstein JM, Lee J, Tang X, Boyer AE, Barr JR, Bagarozzi DA, Quinn CP. Phage Display Analysis of Monoclonal Antibody Binding to Anthrax Toxin Lethal Factor. Toxins (Basel) 2017. [PMCID: PMC5535168 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9070221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AVR1674 and AVR1675 are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind with high specificity to anthrax toxin lethal factor (LF) and lethal toxin (LTx). These mAbs have been used as pivotal reagents to develop anthrax toxin detection tests using mass spectrometry. The mAbs were demonstrated to bind LF with good affinity (KD 10−7–10−9 M) and to enhance LF-mediated cleavage of synthetic peptide substrates in vitro. Sequence analysis indicated that the mAbs shared 100% amino acid identity in their complementarity determining regions (CDR). A phage display library based on a combinatorial library of random heptapeptides fused to the pIII coat protein of M13 phage was enriched and screened to identify peptide sequences with mAb binding properties. Selection and sequence analysis of 18 anti-LF-reactive phage clones identified a 7-residue (P1–P7) AVR1674/1675 consensus target binding sequence of TP1-XP2-K/RP3-DP4-D/EP5-ZP6-X/ZP7 (X = aromatic, Z = non-polar). The phage peptide sequence with highest affinity binding to AVR1674/1675 was identified as T-F-K-D-E-I-V. Synthetic oligopeptides were designed based on the phage sequences and interacted with mAbs with high affinity (KD ~ 10−9 M). Single amino acid substitutions of A, H, or Q in the peptides identified positions P1–P5 as critical residues for mAb-peptide interactions. CLUSTALW alignment of phage sequences with native LF implicated residues 644–650 (sequence T-H-Q-D-E-I-Y) as a putative linear epitope component located within a structural loop (L2) of LF Domain IV. The activation effects of these mAbs contribute to the analytic sensitivity of function-based LF detection assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Goldstein
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-A03, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (J.L.); (X.T.); (D.A.B.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-639-2258
| | - Joo Lee
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-A03, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (J.L.); (X.T.); (D.A.B.J.)
| | - Xiaoling Tang
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-A03, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (J.L.); (X.T.); (D.A.B.J.)
| | - Anne E. Boyer
- Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Services, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (A.E.B.); (J.R.B.)
| | - John R. Barr
- Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Services, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (A.E.B.); (J.R.B.)
| | - Dennis A. Bagarozzi
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-A03, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (J.L.); (X.T.); (D.A.B.J.)
| | - Conrad P. Quinn
- Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-D17, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA;
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Kuzmicheva GA, Belyavskaya VA. Peptide phage display in biotechnology and biomedicine. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750817010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kuzmicheva GA, Belyavskaya VA. [Peptide phage display in biotechnology and biomedicine]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2017; 62:481-495. [PMID: 27797323 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166205481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To date peptide phage display is one of the most common combinatorial methods used for identifying specific peptide ligands. Phage display peptide libraries containing billions different clones successfully used for selection of ligands with high affinity and selectivity toward wide range of targets including individual proteins, bacteria, viruses, spores, different kind of cancer cells and variety of nonorganic targets (metals, alloys, semiconductors etc.) Success of using filamentous phage in phage display technologies relays on the robustness of phage particles and a possibility to genetically modify its DNA to construct new phage variants with novel properties. In this review we are discussing characteristics of the most known non-commercial peptide phage display libraries of different formats (landscape libraries in particular) and their successful applications in several fields of biotechnology and biomedicine: discovery of peptides with diagnostic values against different pathogens, discovery and using of peptides recognizing cancer cells, trends in using of phage display technologies in human interactome studies, application of phage display technologies in construction of novel nano materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Kuzmicheva
- Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia; XBiotech USA, Austin, TX, USA
| | - V A Belyavskaya
- Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
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Bernedo-Navarro RA, Yano T. Phage display and Shiga toxin neutralizers. Toxicon 2016; 113:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Yang L, Wang Y, Xing R, Bai L, Li C, Li Z, Liu X. Mimotope mimicking epidermal growth factor receptor alleviates mononuclear cell infiltration in exocrine glands induced by muscarinic acetylcholine 3 receptor. Clin Immunol 2016; 163:111-9. [PMID: 26794912 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The muscarinic type 3 receptor (M3R) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Characterization of the crosstalk between M3R and EGFR has been investigated in some human malignancies. In the current study, we sought to investigate whether EGFR mimic immunization could alleviate the abnormal immune responses in an experimental SS-like model triggered by M3R peptides. After immunization with the combination of mimotope and M3R peptide, the active immunization targeting EGFR induced by the mimotope could reduce the marked infiltration of mononuclear cells, the high titer of antibodies against M3R and the accumulation of crucial pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice immunized with M3R peptide. Mechanistic analysis showed that mimotope immunization could alleviate the autoimmune response through inhibiting mitochondrion-mediated anti-apoptosis and up-regulating the FAS apoptosis pathway. These results may help to clarify the role of M3R in the pathogenesis of SS and suggested that transactivation of the EGFR signaling pathway may help M3R activate the autoimmune response in the pathogenesis of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yongfu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, No.41, LinYin Road, Baotou 014010, PR China
| | - Rui Xing
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, No.41, LinYin Road, Baotou 014010, PR China
| | - Changhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiangyuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Henry KA, Arbabi-Ghahroudi M, Scott JK. Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:755. [PMID: 26300850 PMCID: PMC4523942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past 25 years, phage display technology has been an invaluable tool for studies of protein-protein interactions. However, the inherent biological, biochemical, and biophysical properties of filamentous bacteriophage, as well as the ease of its genetic manipulation, also make it an attractive platform outside the traditional phage display canon. This review will focus on the unique properties of the filamentous bacteriophage and highlight its diverse applications in current research. Particular emphases are placed on: (i) the advantages of the phage as a vaccine carrier, including its high immunogenicity, relative antigenic simplicity and ability to activate a range of immune responses, (ii) the phage's potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for infectious and chronic diseases, (iii) the regularity of the virion major coat protein lattice, which enables a variety of bioconjugation and surface chemistry applications, particularly in nanomaterials, and (iv) the phage's large population sizes and fast generation times, which make it an excellent model system for directed protein evolution. Despite their ubiquity in the biosphere, metagenomics work is just beginning to explore the ecology of filamentous and non-filamentous phage, and their role in the evolution of bacterial populations. Thus, the filamentous phage represents a robust, inexpensive, and versatile microorganism whose bioengineering applications continue to expand in new directions, although its limitations in some spheres impose obstacles to its widespread adoption and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Henry
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, OttawaON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Arbabi-Ghahroudi
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, OttawaON, Canada
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, OttawaON, Canada
| | - Jamie K. Scott
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCCanada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, BurnabyBC, Canada
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Yang L, Xing R, Li C, Liu Y, Sun L, Liu X, Wang Y. Active immunization with Tocilizumab mimotopes induces specific immune responses. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:46. [PMID: 26033236 PMCID: PMC4450830 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody showing high-affinity binding to both soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and membrane bound IL-6R (mIL-6R), thereby preventing pro-inflammatory effects of IL-6. However, therapeutic antibodies still have practical limitations. To overcome these limitations, we generated Tocilizumab specific epitope mimics by using the phage display technology and tested whether the peptide mimics could induce similar humoral responses in mice immunized with the peptides. RESULTS Seven phage mimics were obtained by using phage display peptide library. Four phage mimics (YHTTDKLFYMMR, YSAYEFEYILSS, KTMSAEEFDNWL and LTSHTYRSQADT) were shown to mimic Tocilizumab epitope using immunoassays. The mimotopes were conjugated to immunogenic carrier proteins and used to intraperitoneally immunize BALB/c mice. Sera from the mimotopes immunized mice not only showed specific binding to recombinant IL-6R, but can also IL-6R expressed in Hela, U-937, Jurkat cell lines and in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with RA (FLS-RA). Furthermore, sera from mice immunized with mimotopes-KLH conjugate could reduce the level of phosphorylated- signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT3), STAT3, phosphorylated- extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 and Erk1/2 in HeLa and Jurkat cells. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay showed that antibodies induced by mimotopes-KLH conjugate could elicit specific lysis in Hela and U-937 cells. CONCLUSIONS From phage display library, we successfully isolated four Tocilizumab mimotopes which induced specific humoral and cellular reponses in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Xing
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, No.41, LinYin Road, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangyuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongfu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, No.41, LinYin Road, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China.
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Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for thiacloprid in soil and agro-products with phage-displayed peptide. Anal Biochem 2015; 481:27-32. [PMID: 25908560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (3A5) that can recognize thiacloprid was produced, and a linear 8-residue peptide phage library was constructed. Six phage-displayed peptides were isolated from the linear 8-residue peptide phage library and a cyclic 8-residue peptide phage library. A phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect thiacloprid using a phage-displayed peptide. Under the optimal conditions, the half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) and the limit of detection (IC10) of the developed phage ELISA were 8.3 and 0.7 μg/L, respectively. Compared with the conventional ELISA, the sensitivity was improved more than 3-fold. The cross-reactivity (CR) was less than 0.08% for the tested structural analogues and was regarded as negligible. The recoveries of thiacloprid ranged from 80.3% to 116.3% in environmental and agricultural samples, which conformed to the requirements for residue detection. The amount of thiacloprid detected by phage ELISA in the samples was significantly correlated with that detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The current study indicates that isolating phage-displayed peptides from phage display libraries is an alternative method for the development of a sensitive immunoassay and that the developed assay is a potentially useful tool for detecting thiacloprid in environmental and agricultural samples.
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Li W, Ran Y, Li M, Zhang K, Qin X, Xue X, Zhang C, Hao Q, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Mimotope vaccination for epitope-specific induction of anti-VEGF antibodies. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:77. [PMID: 24073737 PMCID: PMC3849980 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth, infiltration and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor and targeting it is important in reducing angiogenesis. Bevacizumab (Avastin), a monoclonal antibody that reacts directly against VEGF, has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for various cancers such as rectal cancer, colon carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer, etc. Results In the current study, we used the phage display technique to generate mimotopes that complemented the screening Avastin antibody (Ab). The candidate mimotopes of VEGF were isolated from a 12-mer peptide library. The phage displaying peptide DHTLYTPYHTHP (designated as 12P) exhibited high affinity to Avastin. The chemically synthesized 12P was conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) by glutaraldehyde (GA) to form vaccine KLH-12 peptide (KLH-12P). This epitope vaccine significantly induced humoral immunity in mice. The blood serum from KLH-12P-immunized mice associated with VEGF and blocked its binding to VEGFR, thus inhibiting vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Conclusions Our data indicate that the isolated mimotope 12P reported here could potentially elicit specific antibodies against VEGF and result in the induction of anti-angiogenesis responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Wang Y, Wang H, Li P, Zhang Q, Kim HJ, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. Phage-displayed peptide that mimics aflatoxins and its application in immunoassay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2426-33. [PMID: 23394544 PMCID: PMC3830680 DOI: 10.1021/jf4004048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To search for an alternative to using protein conjugated aflatoxin as a coating antigen in aflatoxin detection by an ELISA method, a random-8-peptide library was constructed and used as a source of peptides that mimic aflatoxins (termed as mimotopes). Five mimotope peptides were obtained by panning-elution from the library and were successfully used in an indirect competitive ELISA for analyzing total aflatoxin concentration. The assay exhibited an IC50 value of 14 μg/kg in samples (with 1 in 7 dilution of sample extract) for aflatoxins. The linear range is 4-24 μg/kg. Further validation indicated relatively good recovery (60-120%) in peanut, rice and corn. Natural contaminated samples (peanut and feedstuff) were analyzed for aflatoxin concentration by both conventional ELISA and phage ELISA. The results showed good correlation. It can be concluded that the mimotope preparation is an effective substitute for the aflatoxin based coating antigen in ELISA and can be used in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, 430062, P. R. China
- Corresponding Authors Tel: +86 27 86812943; Fax: +86 27 86812862;
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Hee Joo Kim
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shirley J. Gee
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disorder of unknown etiology, possibly caused by a virus or virus-triggered immunopathology. The virus might reactivate after years of latency and lyse oligodendrocytes, as in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, or initiate immunopathological demyelination, as in animals infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus or coronaviruses. The argument for a viral cause of MS is supported by epidemiological analyses and studies of MS in identical twins, indicating that disease is acquired. However, the most important evidence is the presence of bands of oligoclonal IgG (OCBs) in MS brain and CSF that persist throughout the lifetime of the patient. OCBs are found almost exclusively in infectious CNS disorders, and antigenic targets of OCBs represent the agent that causes disease. Here, the authors review past attempts to identify an infectious agent in MS brain cells and discuss the promise of using recombinant antibodies generated from clonally expanded plasma cells in brain and CSF to identify disease-relevant antigens. They show how this strategy has been used successfully to analyze antigen specificity in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, a chronic encephalitis caused by measles virus, and in neuromyelitis optica, a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease produced by antibodies directed against the aquaporin-4 water channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Owens
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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16
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Functional epitope core motif of the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a and its incorporation onto bioelectrodes for antibody detection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33045. [PMID: 22427942 PMCID: PMC3299730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasmosis, a persistent intraerythrocytic infection of cattle by Anaplasma marginale, causes severe anemia and a higher rate of abortion, resulting in significant loss to both dairy and beef industries. Clinical diagnosis is based on symptoms and confirmatory laboratory tests are required. Currently, all the diagnostic assays have been developed with whole antigens with indirect ELISA based on multiple epitopes. In a pioneer investigation we demonstrated the use of critical motifs of an epitope as biomarkers for immunosensor applications. Mimotopes of the MSP1a protein functional epitope were obtained through Phage Display after three cycles of selection of a 12-mer random peptide library against the neutralizing monoclonal antibody 15D2. Thirty-nine clones were randomly selected, sequenced, translated and aligned with the native sequence. The consensus sequence SxSSQSEASTSSQLGA was obtained, which is located in C-terminal end of the 28-aa repetitive motif of the MSP1a protein, but the alignment and sequences' variation among mimotopes allowed us to map the critical motif STSSxL within the consensus sequence. Based on these results, two peptides were chemically synthesized: one based on the critical motif (STSSQL, Am1) and the other based on the consensus sequence aligned with the native epitope (SEASTSSQLGA, Am2). Sera from 24 infected and 52 healthy animals were tested by ELISA for reactivity against Am1 and Am2, which presented sensitivities of 96% and 100%, respectively. The Am1 peptide was incorporated onto a biolectrode (graphite modified with poly-3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) and direct serum detection was demonstrated by impedance, differential pulse voltammetry, and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical sensor system proved to be highly effective in discriminating sera from positive and negative animals. These immunosensors were highly sensitive and selective for positive IgG, contaminants did not affect measurements, and were based on a simple, fast and reproducible electrochemical system.
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17
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Machado de Avila RA, Stransky S, Velloso M, Castanheira P, Schneider FS, Kalapothakis E, Sanchez EF, Nguyen C, Molina F, Granier C, Chávez-Olórtegui C. Mimotopes of mutalysin-II from Lachesis muta snake venom induce hemorrhage inhibitory antibodies upon vaccination of rabbits. Peptides 2011; 32:1640-6. [PMID: 21763377 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutalysin-II (mut-II) from Lachesis muta snake venom is an endopeptidase with hemorrhagic activity. A mAb against mutalysin-II that neutralized the hemorrhagic effect was produced previously. To identify the mAb epitopes, sets of 15-mer overlapping peptides covering the mut-II amino acid sequence were synthesized using the SPOT method and tested but failed to react with the mAb. Using a phage-display approach seventeen clones reactive with mAb were identified. Additional immunoassays with the peptides and mAb identified the QCTMDQGRLRCR, TCATDQGRLRCT, HCFHDQGRVRCA, HCTMDQGRLRCR and SCMLDQGRSRCR sequences as possible epitopes. Immunization of rabbits with these peptides induced antibodies that recognize mut-II and protected against the hemorrhagic effects of Lachesis venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Machado de Avila
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
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18
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Kumar S, Hinks JA, Maman J, Ravirajan CT, Pearl LH, Isenberg DA. p185, an immunodominant epitope, is an autoantigen mimotope. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:26220-7. [PMID: 21566138 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.224303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An immunodominant peptide (p185(378-394)) derived from the c-erbB2 gene product, was recognized by an anti-DNA antibody, B3, and importantly by two classical DNA-binding proteins, Tgo polymerase and Pa-UDG. These reactivities were inhibited by DNA, confirming that the peptide mimicked DNA. BALB/c mice immunized with p185(378-394) developed significant titers of IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies. Screening of 39 human lupus sera revealed that 5% of these sera possessed reactivity toward p185(378-394). Representative mouse and human sera with anti-p185(378-394) reactivity bound intact p185, and this binding was inhibited by dsDNA. This is the first demonstration of a naturally occurring autoantigen mimotope. The present study identifies a potential antigenic stimulus that might trigger systemic lupus erythematosus in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London Division of Medicine, University College London Hospital, London W1T 4JF, UK.
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19
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disorder of unknown etiology, possibly caused by a virus or virus-triggered immunopathology. The virus might reactivate after years of latency and lyse oligodendrocytes, as in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, or initiate immunopathological demyelination, as in animals infected with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus or coronaviruses. The argument for a viral cause of MS is supported by epidemiological analyses and studies of MS in identical twins, indicating that disease is acquired. However, the most important evidence is the presence of bands of oligoclonal IgG (OCBs) in MS brain and CSF that persist throughout the lifetime of the patient. OCBs are found almost exclusively in infectious CNS disorders, and antigenic targets of OCBs represent the agent that causes disease. Here, the authors review past attempts to identify an infectious agent in MS brain cells and discuss the promise of using recombinant antibodies generated from clonally expanded plasma cells in brain and CSF to identify disease-relevant antigens. They show how this strategy has been used successfully to analyze antigen specificity in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, a chronic encephalitis caused by measles virus, and in neuromyelitis optica, a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease produced by antibodies directed against the aquaporin-4 water channel.
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20
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Ladjemi MZ, Chardes T, Corgnac S, Garambois V, Morisseau S, Robert B, Bascoul-Mollevi C, Ait Arsa I, Jacot W, Pouget JP, Pelegrin A, Navarro-Teulon I. Vaccination with human anti-trastuzumab anti-idiotype scFv reverses HER2 immunological tolerance and induces tumor immunity in MMTV.f.huHER2(Fo5) mice. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R17. [PMID: 21294885 PMCID: PMC3109586 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Novel adjuvant therapies are needed to prevent metastatic relapses in HER2-expressing breast cancer. Here, we tested whether trastuzumab-selected single-chain Fv (scFv) could be used to develop an anti-idiotype-based vaccine to inhibit growth of HER2-positive tumor cells in vitro and in vivo through induction of long-lasting HER-specific immunity. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with anti-trastuzumab anti-idiotype (anti-Id) scFv (scFv40 and scFv69), which mimic human HER2. Their sera were assessed for the presence of HER2-specific Ab1' antibodies and for their ability to reduce viability of SK-OV-3 cells, a HER2-positive cancer cell line, in nude mice. MMTV.f.huHER2(Fo5) transgenic mice were immunized with scFv40 and scFv69 and, then, growth inhibition of spontaneous HER2-positive mammary tumors, humoral response, antibody isotype as well as splenocyte secretion of IL2 and IFN-γ were evaluated. Results Adoptively-transferred sera from BALB/c mice immunized with scFv40 and scFv69 contain anti-HER2 Ab1' antibodies that can efficiently inhibit growth of SK-OV-3 cell tumors in nude mice. Similarly, prophylactic vaccination with anti-Id scFv69 fully protects virgin or primiparous FVB-MMTV.f.huHER2(Fo5) females from developing spontaneous mammary tumors. Moreover, such vaccination elicits an anti-HER2 Ab1' immune response together with a scFv69-specific Th1 response with IL2 and IFN-γ cytokine secretion. Conclusions Anti-trastuzumab anti-Id scFv69, used as a therapeutic or prophylactic vaccine, protects mice from developing HER2-positive mammary tumors by inducing both anti-HER2 Ab1' antibody production and an anti-HER2 Th2-dependent immune response. These results suggest that scFv69 could be used as an anti-Id-based vaccine for adjuvant therapy of patients with HER2-positive tumors to reverse immunological tolerance to HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Z Ladjemi
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U896, Université Montpellier1, CRLC Val d'Aurelle Paul Lamarque, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier, F-34298, France
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21
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Denisova GF, Denisov DA, Bramson JL. Applying bioinformatics for antibody epitope prediction using affinity-selected mimotopes - relevance for vaccine design. Immunome Res 2010; 6 Suppl 2:S6. [PMID: 21067548 PMCID: PMC2981875 DOI: 10.1186/1745-7580-6-s2-s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To properly characterize protective polyclonal antibody responses, it is necessary to examine epitope specificity. Most antibody epitopes are conformational in nature and, thus, cannot be identified using synthetic linear peptides. Cyclic peptides can function as mimetics of conformational epitopes (termed mimotopes), thereby providing targets, which can be selected by immunoaffinity purification. However, the management of large collections of random cyclic peptides is cumbersome. Filamentous bacteriophage provides a useful scaffold for the expression of random peptides (termed phage display) facilitating both the production and manipulation of complex peptide libraries. Immunoaffinity selection of phage displaying random cyclic peptides is an effective strategy for isolating mimotopes with specificity for a given antiserum. Further epitope prediction based on mimotope sequence is not trivial since mimotopes generally display only small homologies with the target protein. Large numbers of unique mimotopes are required to provide sufficient sequence coverage to elucidate the target epitope. We have developed a method based on pattern recognition theory to deal with the complexity of large collections of conformational mimotopes. The analysis consists of two phases: 1) The learning phase where a large collection of epitope-specific mimotopes is analyzed to identify epitope specific “signs” and 2) The identification phase where immunoaffinity-selected mimotopes are interrogated for the presence of the epitope specific “signs” and assigned to specific epitopes. We are currently using computational methods to define epitope “signs” without the need for prior knowledge of specific mimotopes. This technology provides an important tool for characterizing the breadth of antibody specificities within polyclonal antisera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F Denisova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Gene Therapeutics, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5.
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22
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Yang L, Jiang H, Shi B, Wang H, Li J, Wang H, Yao M, Li Z. Identification and characterization of Ch806 mimotopes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1481-7. [PMID: 20544195 PMCID: PMC11030776 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The chimeric antibody 806 (Ch806) is a promising antitumor agent that recognizes both the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) and the overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cancer tissues but does not recognize the wild type EGFR in normal tissues. However, passive antibody immunization could not produce effective antitumor titers unless the immunization was administered repeatedly over long periods. To overcome this limitation, we generated epitope mimics that bind to Ch806 and tested whether the peptide mimics could induce the production of similar antibodies when actively immunizing mice with the peptides. We used the PH.D-12 phage display peptide library to identify peptides that bind to the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 12H23, which also recognizes similar epitopes of Ch806. Two mimotopes (WHTEILKSYPHE and LPAFFVTNQTQD) were shown to mimic the mAb 12H23 and Ch806 epitope using immunoassays. The mimotopes were conjugated to immunogenic carrier proteins and used to intraperitoneally immunize BALB/c mice. Interestingly, sera from the mice immunized with the isolated mimotopes not only recognize the recombinant or synthetic 806 eptitope, but can also recognize EGFR that is overexpressed in A431 cells and EGFRvIII expressed in Huh7-EGFRvIII cells, whereas sera from mice immunized with the control peptide-KLH (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) and carrier KLH alone failed to show a similar reactivity. Furthermore, in an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay (ADCC), the mimotope-induced antibodies specifically lysed human Huh-7-EGFRvIII cells. Our data indicate that the isolated mimotopes reported here may potentially be used as new alternative agents for treating cancer with EGFRvIII expression or EGFR overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 130, Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Medical School of Shanghai JiaoTong University, No. 25/Ln. 2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Bizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Medical School of Shanghai JiaoTong University, No. 25/Ln. 2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Huamao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Medical School of Shanghai JiaoTong University, No. 25/Ln. 2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Medical School of Shanghai JiaoTong University, No. 25/Ln. 2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Medical School of Shanghai JiaoTong University, No. 25/Ln. 2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Medical School of Shanghai JiaoTong University, No. 25/Ln. 2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Medical School of Shanghai JiaoTong University, No. 25/Ln. 2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
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23
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Jiang L, Zhou JM, Yin Y, Fang DY, Tang YX, Jiang LF. Selection and identification of B-cell epitope on NS1 protein of dengue virus type 2. Virus Res 2010; 150:49-55. [PMID: 20211209 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NS1 of dengue virus (DENV) is an important non-structural protein, which plays an important role in DENV replication and dengue infection. In this study, using the phage-displayed peptide library screening method and purified anti-DENV2-NS1 polyclonal antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG) as target, which was generated from the purified recombinant expressed DENV2-NS1 protein immunization on rabbit, seven B-cell epitopes of DENV2-NS1 protein were screened. Considering the results of comprehensive bioinformatic analysis on NS1 B-cell epitopes, possible dominant B-cell epitopes are located in amino acids residues 36-45, 80-89, 103-112, 121-130, 187-196, 295-304, and 315-324 of the NS1, and two epitope-based NS1 protein dodecapeptides corresponding to the predominant epitopes (PA10: (36)PESPSKLASA(45) and AA10: (187)AIKDNRAVHA(196)) were chosen for synthesis. Results of binding assay and competitive-inhibition assays indicated the two peptides were the specific epitopes of DENV2-NS1 protein. These epitopes could be useful in understanding the pathogenesis of DENV and as dengue vaccine constituents in further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
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24
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Mapping of Taenia solium TSOL18 antigenic epitopes by phage display library. Parasitol Res 2010; 106:1151-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Sutherland JN, Maynard JA. Characterization of a key neutralizing epitope on pertussis toxin recognized by monoclonal antibody 1B7. Biochemistry 2010; 48:11982-93. [PMID: 19899804 DOI: 10.1021/bi901532z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite more than five decades of research and vaccination, infection by Bordetella pertussis remains a serious disease with no specific treatments or validated correlates of protective immunity. Of the numerous monoclonal antibodies binding pertussis toxin (PTx) that have been produced and characterized, murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody 1B7 is uniquely neutralizing in all in vitro assays and in vivo murine models of infection. 1B7 binds an epitope on the enzymatically active S1 subunit of PTx (PTx-S1) with some linear elements, but previous work with S1 scanning peptides, phage-displayed peptide libraries, and S1 truncation/deletion variants was unable to more precisely define the epitope. Using computational docking algorithms, alanine scanning mutagenesis, and surface plasmon resonance, we characterize the epitope bound by 1B7 on PTx-S1 in molecular detail and define energetically important interactions between residues at the interface. Six residues on PTx-S1 and six residues on 1B7 were identified that, when altered to alanine, resulted in variants with significantly reduced affinity for the native partner. Using this information, a model of the 1B7-S1 interaction was developed, indicating a predominantly conformational epitope located on the base of S1 near S4. The location of this epitope is consistent with previous data and is shown to be conserved across several naturally occurring strain variants, including PTx-S1A, -B (Tohama-I), -D, and -E (18-323) in addition to the catalytically inactive 9K/129G variant. This highly neutralizing but poorly immunogenic epitope may represent an important target for next-generation vaccine development, identification of immune correlates, and passive immunization strategies for pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Sutherland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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26
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Knittelfelder R, Riemer AB, Jensen-Jarolim E. Mimotope vaccination--from allergy to cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 9:493-506. [PMID: 19344285 DOI: 10.1517/14712590902870386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mimotopes are peptides mimicking protein, carbohydrates or lipid epitopes and can be generated by phage display technology. When selected by antibodies, they represent exclusively B-cell epitopes and are devoid of antigen/allergen-specific T-cell epitopes. Coupled to carriers or presented in a multiple antigenic peptide form mimotopes achieve immunogenicity and induce epitope-specific antibody responses upon vaccination. OBJECTIVE/METHODS In allergy IgG antibodies may block IgE binding to allergens, whereas other IgG antibody specificities enhance this and support the anaphylactic reaction. In cancer, inhibitory antibody specificities prevent growth signals derived from overexpressed oncogenes, whereas growth-promoting specificities enhance signalling and proliferation. Therefore, the mimotope concept is applicable to both fields for epitope-specific vaccination and analysis of conformational B-cell epitopes for the allergen/antigen. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Mimotope technology is a relatively young theme in allergology and oncology. Still, proof of concept studies testing allergen and tumour mimotope vaccines suggest that mimotopes are ready for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Knittelfelder
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Antibody reactivity of conformational peptide mimics of a conserved H5N1 neutralization site in different fusion proteins. Arch Virol 2009; 155:19-26. [PMID: 19911251 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several peptide mimics of a conserved H5N1 avian influenza virus neutralization site recognized by 8H5 mAb have been reported previously. In this study, the secondary and possibly higher structural orders of the peptide mimics 122 and 125 were investigated and found to be closely related to the specific binding with 8H5 mAb. These two peptide mimics were fused to three different carrier proteins, and the antibody binding activities were recovered in 4 of the 11 fusion proteins. HEV structural protein p239 and HBc were more suitable than the outer membrane protein T47 of the Treponema pallidum particle for the recovery of reactivity. The increase in the copy number of peptide mimics was important for the recovery of antibody-binding activity and the interaction between peptide and carrier protein may affect the spatial structure of both the peptide and the carrier protein. These results are likely to be of relevance for conformational peptide mimics in diagnostic tests, vaccine and inhibitors.
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28
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Smith CM, Lo Passo C, Scuderi A, Kolberg J, Baxendale H, Goldblatt D, Oggioni MR, Felici F, Andrew PW. Peptide mimics of two pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotypes (6B and 9V) protect mice from a lethal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:1527-35. [PMID: 19499518 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200839091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Anti-polysaccharide immunity is a key facet of protection against several bacterial pathogens. Problems exist with current polysaccharide vaccines and alternative strategies that deliver a protective response are needed. We have identified immunological peptide mimics of type 6B and 9V pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides that could be used as vaccine antigens. Peptides mimicking antigenic properties of serotype 6B capsular polysaccharide were obtained from a phage-displayed peptide library expressing dodecameric peptides, using a human monoclonal antibody (Db3G9). A murine monoclonal antibody (206, F-5) against the serotype 9V capsular polysaccharide identified three peptide mimotopes from the dodecameric peptide library and one from a random pentadecameric peptide library. In ELISA, binding of 206, F-5 and Db3G9 to phage displaying the selected mimotopes was significantly inhibited by type-specific pneumococcal polysaccharide. Peptides were conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin and were used to immunise mice. Two peptides, MP13 and MP7, induced specific anti-6B and 9V polysaccharide antibodies, respectively. Mice immunised with MP7-keyhole limpet hemocyanin or MP13-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate were significantly and specifically protected against a lethal challenge with pneumococci of the appropriate serotype. This study provides strong in vivo evidence that peptide mimics are alternatives to polysaccharide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Smith
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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29
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Denisova G, Denisov D, Evelegh C, Weissgram M, Beck J, Foley SR, Bramson JL. Characterizing complex polysera produced by antigen-specific immunization through the use of affinity-selected mimotopes. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5309. [PMID: 19390580 PMCID: PMC2668798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigen-based (as opposed to whole organism) vaccines are actively being pursued for numerous indications. Even though different formulations may produce similar levels of total antigen-specific antibody, the composition of the antibody response can be quite distinct resulting in different levels of therapeutic activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using plasmid-based immunization against the proto-oncogene HER-2 as a model, we have demonstrated that affinity-selected epitope mimetics (mimotopes) can provide a defined signature of a polyclonal antibody response. Further, using novel computer algorithms that we have developed, these mimotopes can be used to predict epitope targets. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE By combining our novel strategy with existing methods of epitope prediction based on physical properties of an individual protein, we believe that this method offers a robust method for characterizing the breadth of epitope-specificity within a specific polyserum. This strategy is useful as a tool for monitoring immunity following vaccination and can also be used to define relevant epitopes for the creation of novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Denisova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimitri Denisov
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carole Evelegh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michaela Weissgram
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jochen Beck
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Ronan Foley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Lorne Bramson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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30
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Fierabracci A. Unravelling autoimmune pathogenesis by screening random peptide libraries with human sera. Immunol Lett 2009; 124:35-43. [PMID: 19375456 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of autoimmunity is increasing worldwide. The long preclinical period of autoimmune disorders is characterised by an enhanced exposure over time of autoreactive T cells to an increased number of autoantigenic determinants and autoantibodies production. The discovery of novel autoimmune-disease related epitopes is a task that remains extremely challenging in order to establish predictive and preventive strategies of the disease onset. In this Opinion article we highlight the contribution of screening combinatorial random peptide libraries with patients sera in unravelling the etiopathogenesis of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fierabracci
- Autoimmunity and Organ Regeneration Laboratory, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu', Research Institute, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
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31
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Zhao L, Liu Z, Fan D. Overview of mimotopes and related strategies in tumor vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009; 7:1547-55. [PMID: 19053210 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.10.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tumor vaccine has been studied extensively as an alternative or adjuvant therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors in the hope of prolonging the overall survival rates of cancer patients. The efficacy largely relies on the specificity of the target. In the last decade, many antibody epitopes, called mimotopes, have been revealed as candidates through phage-display technology. These mimotopes do not necessarily consist of amino acid sequences that are identical to the native antigen but they do mimic their structure. Tumor vaccines based on these mimotopes have been proposed as an important developing strategy. Some peptide mimotopes have produced encouraging clinical outcomes. Although most studies are still in the preclinical phase, these findings will possibly pave the way for the development of novel mimotope-based tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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32
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Larsen M, Jensen KB, Christensen PA, Suarez E, Paris D, Sanz L, Ravn P, Sauce D, Saas P, Goletz S, Alvarez-Vallina L, Kristensen P. Functionally fused antibodies--a novel adjuvant fusion system. J Immunol Methods 2008; 339:220-7. [PMID: 18854189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies capable of recognizing key molecular targets isolated e.g. by phage display technology have been used in the pursuit of new and improved therapies for prevalent human diseases. These approaches often take advantage of non-immunogenic antibody fragments to achieve specific toxin-, radioactivity- or effector-domain delivery. There is now a growing interest in using anti-idiotypic antibodies or other antigen mimics to induce potent immune responses against antigen structures in question. We have earlier reported on the functional rescue of antibodies that are active when fused to the phage, but inactive as soluble protein [Jensen, K.B., Larsen, M., Pedersen, J.S., Christensen, P.A., Alvarez-Vallina, L., Goletz, S., Clark, B.F. and Kristensen, P. (2002) Functional improvement of antibody fragments using a novel phage coat protein III fusion system. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 298, 566-73.]. The rescue was accomplished by maintaining the fusion between the antibody fragment and portions of the filamentous bacteriophage coat protein 3, as present in the original antibody-displaying phage. In the present study, we have applied this system in an attempt to improve immunogenicity of anti-idiotypic antibodies isolated by phage display. Here we demonstrate that by preserving linkage between phage antibody and the N-terminal domain of phage coat protein 3, we induce multimerization of the antibody fragments, and improve their immunogenicity. This immunization approach allows induction of anti-idiotypic antibodies in mice, and facilitates the use of antibodies that are non-functional as non-fused soluble protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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33
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Na-ngam N, Kalambaheti T, Ekpo P, Pitaksajjakul P, Jamornthanyawat N, Chantratita N, Sirisinha S, Yamabhai M, Thamlikitkul V, Ramasoota P. Mimotope identification from monoclonal antibodies of Burkholderia pseudomallei using random peptide phage libraries. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008; 102 Suppl 1:S47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(08)70014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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34
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Denisov DA, Denisova GF, Lelic A, Loeb MB, Bramson JL. Deciphering epitope specificities within polyserum using affinity selection of random peptides and a novel algorithm based on pattern recognition theory. Mol Immunol 2008; 46:429-36. [PMID: 19038455 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
While numerous strategies have been developed to map epitope specificities for monoclonal antibodies, few have been designed for elucidating epitope specificity within complex polysera. We have developed a novel algorithm based on pattern recognition theory that can be used to characterize the breadth of epitope specificities within a polyserum based on affinity selection of random peptides. To attribute these random peptides to a specific epitope, the sequences of the affinity-selected peptides were matched against a database of random peptides selected using well-described monoclonal antibodies. To test this novel algorithm, we employed polyserum from patients infected with West Nile virus and isolated 109 unique sequences which were recognized selectively by serum from West Nile virus-infected patients but not uninfected patients. Through application of our algorithm, it was possible to match 20% of the polyserum-selected peptides to the database of peptides isolated by affinity selection using monoclonal antibodies against the virus envelope protein. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the peptides selected with the polyserum could not be attributed to the peptide database by chance. This novel algorithm provides the basis for further development of methods to characterize the breadth of epitope recognition within a complex pool of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri A Denisov
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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35
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Hantusch B, Jensen-Jarolim E. [From the allergen-recognition by antibodies to new therapeutic concepts]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2008; 158:13-8. [PMID: 18286245 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-007-0496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linking of IgE antibodies through allergens is a basic event in type I allergy and leads to the immediate release of mediators like histamine, responsible for allergic symptoms like rhino-conjunctivitis or asthma. Critical for the binding of allergens to IgE are the IgE-epitopes, which represent a congregation of several amino acid residues often derived from different regions of the allergen. By means of the mimotope-technology, we isolated peptides from phage libraries, which were able to structurally mimic IgE-epitopes of the plant allergens Bet v 1 (birch) and Phl p 5a (timothy grass). Hence, these are candidates for an epitope-specific immunotherapy. In this mode of immunotherapy, it is the aim to induce IgG antibodies directed exclusively against the IgE-epitopes of allergens without induction of anaphylactogenic IgG species, and without the risk of anaphylaxis through cross-linking of IgE. Immunizing mice, we applied the mimotopes displayed on bacteriophages as well as on alternative carrier systems to enhance their antigenicity. With these systems it was possible to elicit an allergen-specific immune response, which was also accompanied by the appropriate T-cell help. Mimotopes resemble a promising concept for an epitope-tailored immunotherapy of allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Hantusch
- Center für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie der Medizinischen Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
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36
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Riemer AB, Jensen-Jarolim E. Mimotope vaccines: epitope mimics induce anti-cancer antibodies. Immunol Lett 2007; 113:1-5. [PMID: 17825923 PMCID: PMC2999752 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mimotopes are epitope-mimicking structures. When applied for immunizations they induce desired antibody specificities exclusively based on the principle of molecular mimicry. This is important as antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens may harbor diverse biological effects depending on their epitope specificity. Thus they may inhibit or promote tumor growth. This review gives an update on different vaccination strategies based on the mimotope concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika B. Riemer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology1, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer G. 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 1 40400 5110; fax: +43 1 40400 5130.
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37
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Owen JP, Maddison BC, Whitelam GC, Gough KC. Use of thermolysin in the diagnosis of prion diseases. Mol Biotechnol 2007; 35:161-70. [PMID: 17435282 DOI: 10.1007/bf02686111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular diagnosis of prion diseases almost always involves the use of a protease to distinguish PrPC from PrPSc and invariably the protease of choice is proteinase K. Here, we have applied the protease thermolysin to the diagnosis of animal prion diseases. This thermostable protease cleaves at the hydrophobic residues Leu, Ile, Phe, Val, Ala, and Met, residues that are absent from the protease accessible aminoterminal region of PrPSc. Therefore, although thermolysin readily digests PrPC into small protein fragments, full-length PrPSc is resistant to such proteolysis. This contrasts with proteinase K digestion where an aminoterminally truncated PrPSc species is produced, PrP27-30. Thermolysin was used in the diagnosis of ovine scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy and produced comparable assay sensitivity to assays using proteinase K digestion. Furthermore, we demonstrated the concentration of thermolysin-resistant PrPSc using immobilized metal-affinity chromatography. The use of thermolysin to reveal a full-length PrPSc has application for the development of novel immunodiagnostics by exploiting the wide range of commercially available immunoreagents and metal affinity matrices that bind the amino-terminal region of PrP. In addition, thermolysin provides a complementary tool to proteinase K to allow the study of the contribution of the amino-terminal domain of PrPSc to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Owen
- ADAS UK, Department of Biology, Adrian Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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38
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Vandevyver C, Canarelli S, Bossen C, Fisch I, Motmans K, Raus J, Freitag R. Investigation and molecular mimicry of the antigen involved in the interaction between the monoclonal antibody 5D10 and the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 97:721-34. [PMID: 17161001 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5D10 is directed against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Biochemical characterization of the antibody epitope was attempted and revealed a complex, most likely carbohydrate-linked nature, which prevented isolation and further studies of the interaction. A major goal of this work was to generate structural mimics of the 5D10 epitope to serve as putative substitutes in such studies. A peptide library displayed on filamentous phage was used to select for mimotope peptide sequences. All positive phage clones selected from the library displayed the amino acid sequence H(2)N-QMNPMYYR-CO(2)H. This peptide sequence, as well as a branched form of the peptide, was found to bind mAb 5D10. Moreover, both peptide sequences were able to inhibit the binding of 5D10 to the MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with an EC(50) value in the range of 65 microM. According to these results, random phage peptide libraries can serve to identify mimotopic peptides for unknown complex cell surface epitopes.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, Gel
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epitopes
- Female
- Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Humans
- Molecular Mimicry
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Peptide Library
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vandevyver
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Chimique, Lausanne, Switzerland
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39
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Yu H, Jiang LF, Fang DY, Yan HJ, Zhou JJ, Zhou JM, Liang Y, Gao Y, Zhao W, Long BG. Selection of SARS-coronavirus-specific B cell epitopes by phage peptide library screening and evaluation of the immunological effect of epitope-based peptides on mice. Virology 2006; 359:264-74. [PMID: 17055022 PMCID: PMC7103350 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to SARS-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-specific B cell epitopes might recognize the pathogen and interrupt its adherence to and penetration of host cells. Hence, these epitopes could be useful for diagnosis and as vaccine constituents. Using the phage-displayed peptide library screening method and purified Fab fragments of immunoglobulin G (IgG Fab) from normal human sera and convalescent sera from SARS-CoV-infected patients as targets, 11 B cell epitopes of SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein (S protein) and membrane protein (M protein) were screened. After a bioinformatics tool was used to analyze these epitopes, four epitope-based S protein dodecapeptides corresponding to the predominant epitopes were chosen for synthesis. Their antigenic specificities and immunogenicities were studied in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry and ELISPOT analysis of lymphocytes as well as a serologic analysis of antibody showed that these peptides could trigger a rapid, highly effective, and relatively safe immune response in BALB/c mice. These findings might aid development of SARS diagnostics and vaccines. Moreover, the role of S and M proteins as important surface antigens is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhong-shan 2-Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
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40
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41
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Otte L, Knaute T, Schneider-Mergener J, Kramer A. Molecular basis for the binding polyspecificity of an anti-cholera toxin peptide 3 monoclonal antibody. J Mol Recognit 2006; 19:49-59. [PMID: 16273596 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The onset of autoimmune diseases is proposed to involve binding promiscuity of antibodies (Abs) and T-cells, an often reported yet poorly understood phenomenon. Here, we attempt to approach two questions: first, is binding promiscuity a general feature of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and second, what is the molecular basis for polyspecificity? To this end, the anti-cholera toxin peptide 3 (CTP3) mAb TE33 was investigated for polyspecific binding properties. Screening of phage display libraries identified two epitope-unrelated peptides that specifically bound TE33 with affinities similar to or 100-fold higher than the wild-type epitope. Substitutional analyses revealed distinct key residue patterns recognized by the antibody suggesting a unique binding mode for each peptide. A database query with one of the consensus motifs and a subsequent binding study uncovered 45 peptides (derived from heterologous proteins) that bound TE33. To better understand the structural basis of the observed polyspecificity we modeled the new cyclic epitope in complex with TE33. The interactions between this peptide and TE33 suggested by our model are substantially different from the interactions observed in the X-ray structure of the wild-type epitope complex. However, the overall binding conformation of the peptides is similar. Together, our results support the theory of a general polyspecific potential of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Otte
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Li M, Yan Z, Han W, Zhang Y. Mimotope vaccination for epitope-specific induction of anti-CD20 antibodies. Cell Immunol 2006; 239:136-43. [PMID: 16814270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2006] [Revised: 05/07/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CD20 is expressed strictly by B-cells and is ubiquitously expressed at high surface densities of malignant human B-cells. This suggests that CD20 may be a tumor target for immunotherapy of B-cell lymphomas. Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against CD20, has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and some autoimmune diseases. In the current study, we used the phage display technique to generate mimotopes that complemented the screening Ab Rituximab. A total of seven candidate mimotopes were isolated from a 12-mer peptide library from which one mimotope was conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or tetanus toxoid (TT). The immunogenicity of the two vaccines generated was examined in BALB/c mice. Sera from the vaccinated mice demonstrated high-titer specific antibodies to the mimotope conjugates. Antibody binding to native CD20 and Ab-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity) were also analyzed. Our data suggest that a Rituximab mimotope may be a useful tool for the construction of a functional vaccine to treat B-cell malignancy as well as some CD20 related autoimmune disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antigens, CD20/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Sera/metabolism
- Jurkat Cells
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Peptide Library
- Rituximab
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Biotechnology Center of The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle West Road, 710032 Xi'an, PR China
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43
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Scealy M, Mackay IR, Rowley MJ. Amino acids critical for binding of autoantibody to an immunodominant conformational epitope of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunit E2: Identification by phage display and site-directed mutagenesis. Mol Immunol 2006; 43:745-53. [PMID: 16360019 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The E2 subunit of the mitochondrial multienzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2) is the major autoantigen in the liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). An epitope region which has been localized to amino acids 91-227 is believed to include the residue K173 to which is attached the lipoyl cofactor. We investigated structural features of this epitope region by screening random peptide phage-displayed libraries and identified prevalent phagotopes that contained likely contact amino acids in separate regions of the linear sequence, H132M133, and F178, V180. These were confirmed by site-directed alanine mutagenesis singly or in combination of the HM and FV residues in wild-type (wt) PDC-E2, and by immunization of rabbits with phage that expressed peptides MHLNTPP or FVLPWRI. The lipoyl lysine K173 also was mutated. Reactivities of mutants and wild-type (wt) PDC-E2, compared by ELISA using 12 PBC sera, showed decremental reactivity of mutant versus wt PDC-E2 (normalized to 100%): wt PDC-E2 (100%)>>PDC-E2(F178A,V180A) (mean+/-S.D., 59+/-17%)>PDC-E2(M133A) (50+/-13%)>PDC-E2(H132A) (36+/-13%)>PDC-E2(H132A,M133A) (28+/-8%)>PDC-E2(H132A,M133A,F178V,M180A) (18+/-13%). Notably PDC-E2(K173A) retained full reactivity (93+/-21%). Rabbits immunized with phage peptides generated antibodies reactive with entire PDC-E2. Our data convincingly validate phage library technology for defining spatially disparate contact residues for conformational epitopes. Ensuing data could be generally applicable to search for occult extrinsic agents as initiators of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Scealy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia
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44
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Moreau V, Granier C, Villard S, Laune D, Molina F. Discontinuous epitope prediction based on mimotope analysis. Bioinformatics 2006; 22:1088-95. [PMID: 16434442 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Phage display is a widespread technique used to obtain peptide mimotopes selected by binding to a given monoclonal antibody in a similar way as the native epitope. However, the localization of the interaction site mimicked by the mimotopes on the surface of the antigen is not always a straightforward task. MIMOP is a computational tool developed with the aim of helping experimentalists to analyze a set of mimotope sequences and guide them in the identification of the mimicked region. RESULTS To predict potential epitopic regions, MIMOP integrates two different approaches combining two- and three-dimensional analyses: MimAlign starts from degenerated alignment analyses, and MimCons is based on consensus identification. The relevance and usefulness of the tool are illustrated by four use cases corresponding to real-life situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Moreau
- CNRS UMR 5160, Centre de Pharmacologie et Biotechnologie pour la Santé Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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45
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van Houten N, Zwick M, Menendez A, Scott J. Filamentous phage as an immunogenic carrier to elicit focused antibody responses against a synthetic peptide. Vaccine 2006; 24:4188-200. [PMID: 16488517 PMCID: PMC1974903 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Revised: 12/31/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous bacteriophage are widely used as immunogenic carriers for "phage-displayed" recombinant peptides. Here we report that they are an effective immunogenic carrier for synthetic peptides. The f1.K phage was engineered to have an additional Lys residue near the N-terminus of the major coat protein, pVIII, so as to enhance access to chemical cross-linking agents. The dimeric synthetic peptide, B2.1, was conjugated to f1.K (f1.K/B2.1) in high copy number and compared as an immunogen to B2.1 conjugated to ovalbumin (OVA/B2.1) and to phage-displayed, recombinant B2.1 peptide. All immunogens were administered without adjuvant. The serum antibody titers were measured against: the peptide, the carrier, and, if appropriate, the cross-linker. All immunogens elicited anti-peptide antibody titers, with those elicited by OVA/B2.1 exceeding those by f1.K/B2.1; both titers were greater than that elicited by recombinant B2.1 phage. Comparison of the anti-peptide and anti-carrier antibody responses showed that f1.K/B2.1 elicited a more focused anti-peptide antibody response than OVA/B2.1. The anti-peptide antibody response against f1.K/B2.1 was optimized for the injection route, dose and adjuvant. Dose and adjuvant did not have a significant effect on anti-peptide antibody titers, but a change in injection route from intraperitoneal (IP) to subcutaneous (SC) enhanced anti-peptide antibody titers after seven immunizations. The optimized anti-peptide antibody response exceeded the anti-carrier one by 21-fold, compared to 0.07-fold elicited by OVA/B2.1. This indicates that phage as a carrier can focus the antibody response against the peptide. The results are discussed with respect to the advantages of phage as an alternative to traditional carrier proteins for synthetic peptides, carbohydrates and haptens, and to further improvements in phage as immunogenic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J.K. Scott
- *Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 778 782 5658; fax: +1 778 782 5583. E-mail address: (J.K. Scott)
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46
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Riemer AB, Kurz H, Klinger M, Scheiner O, Zielinski CC, Jensen-Jarolim E. Vaccination with cetuximab mimotopes and biological properties of induced anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97:1663-70. [PMID: 16288119 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dji373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The monoclonal antibody cetuximab (IMC-225, Erbitux) inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and has been approved for metastatic colon cancer therapy. However, to achieve effective titers, passive antibody therapies must be repeatedly administered over long periods. To overcome this limitation, we aimed to generate a vaccine inducing continuously available "cetuximab-like" antibodies in vivo using the mimotope approach. METHODS We used the phage display technique to identify four peptides structurally mimicking the cetuximab epitope. We coupled two of these peptides to an immunogenic carrier protein, and we vaccinated four groups (n = 8) of BALB/c mice intraperitoneally with 10 microg of the mimotope conjugates, a control peptide conjugate, or the carrier protein alone. We assessed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by the induced antibodies against EGFR-overexpressing human A431 carcinoma cells. We then tested receptor internalization capacity of the induced antibodies with fluorescently labeled EGFR, and we assayed their growth inhibitory potential toward A431 cells with a [3H]thymidine proliferation assay. RESULTS Mimotope-induced antibodies recognized EGFR, and both types of antibody-mediated cytotoxic effects were elicited by these antibodies. In both cellular cytotoxicity assays, the mimotope-induced antibodies exhibited specific lysis of more than 50%. The induced antibodies caused internalization of the receptor from the cell surface into endocytic vesicles and inhibited growth of EGFR-expressing cells to a similar extent as cetuximab [67% (95% confidence interval {CI} = 55% to 79%) and 69% (95% CI = 55% to 84%), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Epitope-specific immunization is feasible for active anti-EGFR immunotherapy. The in vitro biologic features of mimotope-induced antibodies are similar to those of the monoclonal antibody cetuximab.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Bacteriophages
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cetuximab
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epitopes
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Female
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Research Design
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transfection
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika B Riemer
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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47
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Conclusions. Proteomics 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46895-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Untersmayr E, Szalai K, Riemer AB, Hemmer W, Swoboda I, Hantusch B, Schöll I, Spitzauer S, Scheiner O, Jarisch R, Boltz-Nitulescu G, Jensen-Jarolim E. Mimotopes identify conformational epitopes on parvalbumin, the major fish allergen. Mol Immunol 2005; 43:1454-61. [PMID: 16150491 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumin, the major fish allergen, is recognized by allergen-specific IgE of more than 90% of all fish-allergic patients. A detailed knowledge of allergenic structures is crucial for developing a vaccine inducing blocking antibodies specifically directed towards the IgE binding epitopes. In the present study we aimed to use the phage display technique to generate mimotopes, which mimic epitopes on parvalbumin. Parvalbumin-specific IgE was purified from sera of fish-allergic patients and used for screening of a constrained decamer phage library. After four rounds of biopanning using parvalbumin-specific IgE, five phage clones were selected which were specifically recognized by parvalbumin-specific IgE as well as IgG. DNA sequencing and peptide alignment revealed a high degree of sequence similarities between the mimotopes. Interestingly, on the surface of natural parvalbumin three regions could be defined by computational mimotope matching. In accordance, previously defined allergenic peptides of cod parvalbumin highlighted areas in close proximity or overlapping with the mimotope matching sites. From the presented data we conclude that our approach identified conformational epitopes of parvalbumin relevant for IgE and IgG binding. We suggest that these mimotopes are suitable candidates for an epitope-specific immunotherapy of fish-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Untersmayr
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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49
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Wang XN, Zhang GP, Zhou JY, Feng CH, Yang YY, Li QM, Guo JQ, Qiao HX, Xi J, Zhao D, Xing GX, Wang ZL, Wang SH, Xiao ZJ, Li XW, Deng RG. Identification of Neutralizing Epitopes on the VP2 Protein of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus by Phage-Displayed Heptapeptide Library Screening and Synthetic Peptide Mapping. Viral Immunol 2005; 18:549-57. [PMID: 16212534 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2005.18.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the causative agent of infectious bursal disease, which is one of the most important and widespread infectious diseases in commercial chickens. Conformational epitopes have been reported in the highly variable region of the VP2 protein of IBDV. In the present study, a random heptapeptide library was screened by using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), YNW17 and YNW29, directed to the VP2 of IBDV and two peptide motifs, D-X-P-R and A-R-G, were identified. The motifs are present on the N and C terminal sequences of the highly variable region of VP2. Synthetic overlapping peptides covering the motifs on VP2 were analyzed by Dot- ELISA with the mAbs and two epitopes 197CDSSDRPRVYTIT209 and 329ARGSLAVTI337 identified. The above epitopes were also recognized by chicken anti-IBDV sera and shown to inhibit the binding of their mAbs to recombinant VP2. Both mAbs and sera from mice immunized with the conjugated epitope-peptides were able to neutralize serotype I IBDV. These results indicated that the epitopes are two neutralizing linear B-cell epitopes and would be useful for the development of peptide-based IBD vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Nian Wang
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chan SW, Nathan S. Epitope mapping of Burkholderia pseudomallei serine metalloprotease: identification of serine protease epitope mimics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 43:37-44. [PMID: 15607634 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2004] [Revised: 06/01/2004] [Accepted: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous phage random peptide libraries were used to identify the epitopes of Burkholderia pseudomallei protease by panning against IgG polyclonal sera that exhibited protease neutralizing properties. The isolated fusion peptides presented a consensus peptide sequence, TKSMALSG, which closely resembles part of the active site sequence, 435GTSMATPHVAG445, of B. pseudomallei serine metalloprotease. By comparing the consensus sequence, TKSMALSG, with the predicted three-dimensional molecular model of B. pseudomallei serine metalloprotease, it appears that the potential antibody binding epitope was buried within the molecule. This active site was conformational whereby one continuous sub-region (SMA) was located between two discontinuous sub-regions, supplied by the flanking residues in the same polypeptide. All phages selected from the biopanning with IgG polyclonal sera showed good binding towards the polyclonal antibodies when compared to the negative control. In addition, these peptide-bearing phages showed competitive inhibition of B. pseudomallei serine metalloprotease binding to the polyclonal IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shzu-Wei Chan
- Centre for Gene Analysis and Technology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
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