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El-Didamony AM. Spectrofluorimetric Determination of the Hypertensive Drug Captopril Based on Its Oxidation with Cerium(IV). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vicentini FC, Suarez WT, Cavalheiro ÉTG, Fatibello-Filho O. Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of captopril in pharmaceutical formulations using a new solid-phase reactor containing AgSCN immobilized in a polyurethane resin. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502012000200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple flow-injection analysis procedure was developed for determining captopril in pharmaceutical formulations employing a novel solid-phase reactor containing silver thiocyanate immobilized in a castor oil derivative polyurethane resin. The method was based on silver mercaptide formation between the captopril and Ag(I) in the solid-phase reactor. During such a reaction, the SCN- anion was released and reacted with Fe3+, which generated the FeSCN2+ complex that was continuously monitored at 480 nm. The analytical curve was linear in the captopril concentration range from 3.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 to 1.1 × 10-3 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 8.0 × 10-5 mol L-1. Recoveries between 97.5% and 103% and a relative standard deviation of 2% for a solution containing 6.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 captopril (n = 12) were obtained. The sample throughput was 40 h-1 and the results obtained for captopril in pharmaceutical formulations using this procedure and those obtained using a pharmacopoeia procedure were in agreement at a 95% confidence level.
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Rodrigues SSM, Santos JLM. Chemiluminometric determination of captopril in a multi-pumping flow system. Talanta 2012; 96:210-5. [PMID: 22817952 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a simple, versatile and fully automated analytical methodology for the chemiluminometric determination of captopril - an angiotensin II-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor - in pharmaceutical formulations, is proposed. The developed methodology was based on the enhancement by captopril of the chemiluminescence emission of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II). In sulphuric acid medium tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) was oxidized by cerium(IV) and converted into a reactive oxidant specie [Ru(bpy)(3)](3+), which was subsequently reduced with captopril in order to yield a significant enhancement of the original chemiluminescence emission that was directly related to captopril concentration. The analytical process was implemented by resorting to an automated multi-pumping flow system (MPFS) that enabled the establishment of multiple reaction interfaces, which, in combination with the created pulsed flowing stream assured a fast and reproducible sample/reagent mixing and reaction development essential to guarantee the generation and subsequent measurement of the short-lived species involved in the chemiluminescent process. The developed system employed three solenoid micro-pumps as the only flow manifold active components. These assured the insertion, propelling and commuting of all solutions. The automatic actuation of the solenoid micro-pumps provided an easily programmed, operated and controlled analytical flow system, exhibiting high versatility, efficiency and compactness at a low cost. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the proposed method allowed the determination of captopril for concentrations between 2×10(-3) and 1.5×10(-1)mmolL(-1) (r=0.9996, n=6) and a sampling frequency of about 58 determinations per hour, producing 620μL of waste per determination. The results obtained for pharmaceutical formulations were statistically comparable to those provided by the reference procedure with a relative deviation between -2.32 and 1.39%. The possible mechanism of the chemiluminescence reaction was also discussed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sofia M Rodrigues
- Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, n° 164, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal
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Tzanavaras PD. Automated Determination of Captopril by Flow and Sequential Injection Analysis: A Review. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.500792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gouda AA, Amin AS. Copper(II)–neocuproine reagent for spectrophotometric determination of captopril in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. ARAB J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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El-Didamony AM, Erfan EAH. Utilization of oxidation reactions for the spectrophotometric determination of captopril using brominating agents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 75:1138-1145. [PMID: 20080436 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three simple, accurate and sensitive methods (A-C) for the spectrophotometric assay of captopril (CPL) in bulk drug, in dosage forms and in the presence of its oxidative degradates have been described. The methods are based on the bromination of captopril with a solution of excess brominating mixture in hydrochloric acid medium. After bromination, the excess brominating mixture is followed by the estimation of surplus bromine by three different reaction schemes. In the first method (A), the determination of the residual bromine is based on its ability to bleach the indigo carmine dye and measuring the absorbance at 610 nm. Method B, involves treating the unreacted bromine with a measured excess of iron(II) and the remaining iron(II) is complexed with 1,10-phenanthroline and the increase in absorbance is measured at 510 nm. In method (C), the surplus bromine is treated with excess of iron(II) and the resulting iron(III) is complexed with thiocyanate and the absorbance is measured at 478 nm. In all the methods, the amount of bromine reacted corresponds to the drug content. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color are carefully studied and optimized. Beer's law is valid within a concentration range of 0.4-6.0, 0.4-2.8 and 1.2-4.8 microg mL(-1) for methods A, B and C, respectively. The calculated apparent molar absorptivity was found to be 5.16x10(4), 9.95x10(4) and 1.74x10(5)L mol(-1) cm(-1), for methods A, B and C, respectively. Sandell's sensitivity, correlation coefficients, detection and quantification limits are also reported. No interference was observed from common additives found in pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed methods are successfully applied to the determination of CPL in the tablet formulations with mean recoveries of 99.94-100.11% and the results were statistically compared with those of a reference method by applying Student's t- and F-test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram M El-Didamony
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. ak
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Zacharis CK, Tzanavaras PD, Themelis DG. Ethyl-propiolate as a novel and promising analytical reagent for the derivatization of thiols: Study of the reaction under flow conditions. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:384-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ahmed S, Rizk M, Belal F, Ibrahim F, Sheribah ZA. Stability‐Indicating HPLC Method for Captopril Through Pre‐Column Derivatization with Pd(II). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070500478999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ahmed
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - M. Rizk
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - F. Belal
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - F. Ibrahim
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Z. A. Sheribah
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt
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Pérez-Ruiz T, Martínez-Lozano C, Galera R. Development and validation of a capillary electrophoresis method with laser-induced fluorescence detection for the determination of captopril in human urine and pharmaceutical preparations. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2310-6. [PMID: 16718646 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development of a CE method for the analysis of the antihypertensive drug captopril using LIF detection. The method is based on the derivatization of captopril with the fluorescent label 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein. The optimization of the electrophoretic electrolyte composition together with other variables, such as applied voltage and injection time, resulted in a solution of 20 mM phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 12.0. The calibration curve for the fluorescent captopril derivative was linear in the concentration range 3.5-6000 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.5 ng/mL. Intra- and interday precision (at a concentration of about 100 times the LOD) were less than 0.86 and 1.16%, respectively, both expressed as RSD. The assay was successfully used for quantification of captopril in some marketed pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Pérez-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Siangproh W, Wangfuengkanagul N, Chailapakul O. Electrochemical oxidation of tiopronin at diamond film electrodes and its determination by amperometric flow injection analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
An automated method to determine captopril (1-[(2S)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl]-L-proline) is proposed. A flow injection manifold based on the indirect biamperometric detection of the captopril by using Fe(III)/Fe(II) as an indicating redox system and a Z-shaped flow-cell configuration, was developed. The calibration curve is linear over the range 0.03-3.6 microg ml(-1) of captopril. The relative standard deviation for the determination of 0.76 microg ml(-1) of captopril is 0.97% (n = 12) and the sample throughput is 69 h(-1). This method was applied to the determination of captopril to commercially available pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Palomeque
- Department of Chemistry and Eng Chemistry, FIA Laboratory, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentine
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Rizk M, Belal F, Ibrahim F, Ahmed S, Sheribah ZA. LC of pharmaceutically important halogenated 8-hydroxyquinolines after precolumn derivatization with Pd (II). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 27:813-20. [PMID: 11814722 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An accurate, sensitive, and selective reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the analysis of two halogenated 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives; clioquinol (CQN) and iodoquinol (IQN). The proposed method depends on the complexation ability of the studied compounds with Pd(II) ions. Reversed phase chromatography was conducted using a 300 x 3.9 mm i.d. stainless steel column packed with 10 microm Bondclone phenyl at ambient temperature. A solution containing 0.005% w/v of Pd(II)-chloride in a mixture of acetonitrile-methanol-water (3:3:4 v/v/v) of pH 3.7 as a mobile phase pumped at a flow rate of 0.75 ml min(-1). UV-detection was performed at 282 and 285 nm for CQN and IQN, respectively. The method showed excellent linearity in the range 0.05-1.8 and 0.1-3.0 microg ml(-1) with limit of detection (S/N=2) 4.8 ng ml(-1) (1.57 x 10(-8) M) and 6.4 ng ml(-1) (1.61 x 10(-8) M) for CQN and IQN, respectively. The suggested method was successfully applied for the analysis of the studied drugs in bulk with average% recoveries of 99.68+/-0.44 for CQN and 99.65+/-0.53 for IQN. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of the studied drugs in single or combined dosage forms with average% recoveries of 99.41+/-0.51-100.02+/-0.63. The proposed method could be used successfully for the determination of the studied compounds in the presence of their degradation product as they could be eluted with different retention times. The presence of metronidazole (MNZ) or tolnaftate (TFT) with the studied drugs does not affect their accurate determination. The results obtained were favorably compared with those obtained by the reference method. The results were satisfactorily, accurate, and precise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rizk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Sequential injection analysis of captopril based on colorimetric and potentiometric detection. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
An indirect method is described for the determination of captopril (KPL) in pharmaceutical preparations by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The procedure is based on the complexation of KPL with an excess of Pd(II) ion. The unreacted Pd(II) was resoluted on a cationic ion-exchanger resin, while Pd(II)-KPL sequestrate was not retained. The effluent Pd(II) sequestrade was measured by AAS. The absorbance is found to increase linearly with increasing KPL concentration, because the amount of Pd(II) is related to the concentration of KPL, which is corroborate by the calculated correlation coefficient value of 0.9939. The system obeys Beer's law for 1-40 microg ml(-1), S.D. was found to be 0.039 (n = 5). The Pd(II)-KPL complex was obtained in the solid phase. Characterization of the complex was performed by elemental analysis, TG, conductance measurements and IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A El Reis
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
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Casy AF, Dewar GH. Captopril and its probable contaminants: NMR and MS features of analytical value. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1994; 12:855-61. [PMID: 7981312 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(94)e0023-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The 400 MHz 1H NMR spectrum of captopril in a variety of solvents is analysed and compared with those of epicaptopril and its disulphide analogue. A method for detecting isomeric and oxidative impurities by examination of a 1H NMR spectrum of captopril in DMSO-d6 is proposed. 13C NMR and MS data enable differentiation of captopril from its disulphide analogue but not from its diastereoisomer epicaptopril.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Casy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, UK
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