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Santana JS, Delbem ACB, Pessan JP, Sampaio C, de Morais LA, Pereira TL, Monteiro DR, Hosida TY. Dual-species biofilm of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans produces subsurface caries lesions on bovine enamel. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 166:106029. [PMID: 38924874 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a protocol for forming subsurface caries lesions on bovine enamel by dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro. DESIGN Biofilms were grown on bovine enamel specimens in artificial saliva (AS) for seven days. After 24 h of formation, the AS was supplemented or not with fluoride (F) using sodium fluoride (0.005 or 0.008 ppm F), and the biofilms were exposed or not to a 20 % sucrose solution (reproducing a cariogenic challenge) once/day. On the seventh day, the biofilms were harvested and had their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and inorganic components analyzed. The specimens were subjected to computed X-ray microtomography analysis to determine their mineral concentration. Data were compared using two-way analyses of variance, followed by Fisher's LSD or Student-Newman-Keuls tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS Biofilms exposed to the cariogenic challenge had significantly higher EPS concentrations than those not exposed, regardless of the presence of F. For biofilms grown with 0.008 ppm F, those exposed to the cariogenic challenge had lower F levels than those not exposed. For biofilms exposed to the cariogenic challenge, those grown with 0.008 ppm F had lower lesion depths and integrated mineral loss, and higher outer layers than those grown without F. CONCLUSIONS The dual biofilm model assessed was able to create subsurface caries lesions in bovine enamel in vitro, which was influenced by the presence of F in the culture medium and exposure to sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Silva Santana
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Sampaio
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Antônio de Morais
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taynara Leandro Pereira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thayse Yumi Hosida
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Li Z, Gong T, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Li Y, Ren B, Peng X, Zhou X. Lysine lactylation regulates metabolic pathways and biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadg1849. [PMID: 37669396 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, lactate produced during glycolysis is involved in regulating multiple metabolic processes through lysine lactylation (Kla). To explore the potential link between metabolism and Kla in prokaryotes, we investigated the distribution of Kla in the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans during planktonic growth in low-sugar conditions and in biofilm-promoting, high-sugar conditions. We identified 1869 Kla sites in 469 proteins under these two conditions, with the biofilm growth state showing a greater number of lactylated sites and proteins. Although high sugar increased Kla globally, it reduced lactylation of RNA polymerase subunit α (RpoA) at Lys173. Lactylation at this residue inhibited the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides, a major constituent of the cariogenic biofilm. The Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily enzyme GNAT13 exhibited lysine lactyltransferase activity in cells and lactylated Lys173 in RpoA in vitro. Either GNAT13 overexpression or lactylation of Lys173 in RpoA inhibited biofilm formation. These results provide an overview of the distribution and potential functions of Kla and improve our understanding of the role of lactate in the metabolic regulation of prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinrui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Lang Y, Wang B, Chang MW, Sun R, Zhang L. Sandwich-structured electrospun pH-responsive dental pastes for anti-caries. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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4
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The Activity of Calcium Glycerophosphate and Fluoride against Cariogenic Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Formed In Vitro. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020422. [PMID: 36830332 PMCID: PMC9952171 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP), with or without fluoride (F), on dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The biofilms were treated three times with 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5% CaGP solutions, with or without 500 ppm F (NaF). Additionally, 500 and 1100 ppm F-solutions and artificial saliva served as controls. After the final treatment, the microbial viability and biofilm structure, metabolic activity, total biomass production, and the composition of the extracellular matrix composition were analyzed. Regardless of the presence of F, 0.25 and 0.5% CaGP promoted a higher biomass production and metabolic activity increase than the controls (p < 0.05). F-free CaGP solutions reduced bacterial cell population significantly more than the 500 ppm F group or the negative control (p < 0.05). All the groups reduced the proteins, and 0.5% CaGP combined with F led to the highest reduction in the carbohydrate and nucleic acids content of the extracellular matrix (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that CaGP alone affected the number of bacterial cells and, when combined with F, reduced its production of biomass, metabolic activity, and the expression of the extracellular matrix components.
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Guo M, Yang K, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Chen P, Huang R, Wang X. Inhibitory effects of Stevioside on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual-species biofilm. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128668. [PMID: 37089575 PMCID: PMC10113668 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus mutans is the most prevalent biofilm-forming pathogen in dental caries, while Candida albicans is often detected in the presence of S. mutans. Methods We aimed to evaluate the anti-caries effect of stevioside in medium trypticase soy broth (TSB) with or without sucrose supplementation compared with the same sweetness sucrose and xylitol in a dual-species model of S. mutans and C. albicans, based on planktonic growth, crystal violet assay, acid production, biofilm structural imaging, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and RNA sequencing. Results Our results showed that compared with sucrose, stevioside significantly inhibited planktonic growth and acid production, changed the structure of the mixed biofilm, and reduced the viability of biofilm and the production of extracellular polysaccharides in dual-species biofilm. Through RNA-seq, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway impact analysis showed that stevioside decreased sucrose metabolism and increased galactose and intracellular polysaccharide metabolism in S. mutans, and decreased genes related to GPI-modified proteins and secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP) family in C. albicans. In contrast to xylitol, stevioside also inhibited the transformation of fungal morphology of C. albicans, which did not form mycelia and thus had reduced pathogenicity. Stevioside revealed a superior suppression of dual-species biofilm formation compared to sucrose and a similar anti-caries effect with xylitol. However, sucrose supplementation diminished the suppression of stevioside on S. mutans and C. albicans. Conclusions Our study is the first to confirm that stevioside has anticariogenic effects on S. mutans and C. albicans in a dual-species biofilm. As a substitute for sucrose, it may help reduce the risk of developing dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhifei Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Tibet Military Region, Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Yujiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ziye Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruizhe Huang
- Department of Oral Prevention, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ruizhe Huang,
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xiaojing Wang,
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Wiriyasatiankun P, Sakoolnamarka R, Thanyasrisung P. The impact of an alkasite restorative material on the pH of Streptococcus mutans biofilm and dentin remineralization: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:334. [PMID: 35941628 PMCID: PMC9361645 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been claimed that an alkasite restorative material can neutralize acids produced by cariogenic bacteria from released hydrogen ions and enable to remineralization via calcium and fluoride ions. However, there is no evidence to support this assertion. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the effect of the alkasite restorative material on the pH of Streptococcus mutans biofilm and dentin hardness. METHODS Streptococcus mutans biofilms were formed on Filtek™ Z350 (FZ, a resin composite) and Cention® N (CN, the alkasite restorative material) and their pH determined after 24 h. Hydroxide, fluoride, and calcium-ions released from the materials were determined at 6 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Dentin specimens were prepared from 14 human molars and divided into four quadrants. Quadrant 1 was a sound dentin control, quadrants 2-4 were chemically demineralized, and a cylinder of FZ and CN placed on the surfaces of quadrants 2 and 4, respectively. The microhardness of quadrants 1 and 3 were measured at depths of 20, 40, and 60 µm from the occlusal surface, and similarly of quadrants 2 and 4, after 30 days. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney-U, and repeated-measure-ANOVA were used for data analysis. RESULTS The pH of biofilm on CN (4.45) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that on FZ (4.06). The quantity of all ions released from CN was significantly higher than from FZ. The hardness of demineralized dentin under CN was significantly higher than that of demineralized dentin at all depths, and higher than that of demineralized dentin under FZ at 20 and 40 µm. CONCLUSIONS CN released hydroxide, fluoride, and calcium ions, which was associated with raising the biofilm pH and the hardness of demineralized dentin. All results indicated that CN had the potential to reduce the incidence of secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawinee Wiriyasatiankun
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rangsima Sakoolnamarka
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Panida Thanyasrisung
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Excellence on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Effects of Sodium Hexametaphosphate and Fluoride on the pH and Inorganic Components of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Biofilm after Sucrose Exposure. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081044. [PMID: 36009913 PMCID: PMC9405115 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the anticaries effects of fluoridated products, the supplementation of these products has been considered a promising alternative for caries control. This study evaluated the effects of sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) and/or fluoride (F) on the inorganic components and pH of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual-species biofilms. The biofilms were treated 72, 78, and 96 h after the beginning of their formation with 0.25, 0.5, or 1% HMP-containing solutions with or without F (500 ppm, as sodium fluoride). F-containing solutions (500 ppm and 1100 ppm) and artificial saliva were used as controls. The biofilms were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution after the third treatment. Along with the biofilm pH, the concentrations of F, calcium, phosphorus (P), and HMP were determined. HMP, combined with F, increased F levels and decreased P levels in the biofilm fluid compared to that of the solution with 500 ppm F. Exposure to sucrose decreased the concentrations of all ions in the biomass, except for HMP; 1% HMP, combined with F, promoted the highest pH. It can be concluded that HMP affected the inorganic composition of the biofilm and exerted a buffering effect on the biofilm pH.
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Sampaio C, Botazzo Delbem AC, Hosida TY, de Morais LA, Fernandes AVP, Souza Neto FN, de Camargo ER, Monteiro DR, Pessan JP. Effects of nano-sized sodium hexametaphosphate on the viability, metabolism, matrix composition, and structure of dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:321-330. [PMID: 35535502 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2064220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of micrometric or nano-sized sodium hexametaphosphate (HMPnano), combined or not with fluoride (NaF, 1100 ppm), on dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Biofilms were treated with solutions containing the polyphosphates at 0.5% or 1.0%, with/without fluoride (F), in addition to positive and negative controls. Biofilms were analysed by colony-forming units (CFU) counting, metabolic activity, production of biomass, composition of extracellular matrix, and structure. 1% HMPnano + F led to the lowest S. mutans CFU, while C. albicans CFU counts were not affected by any solution. 1% HMPnano led to the lowest metabolic activity, except for 1% HMPnano + F. All solutions promoted reductions in biofilm biomass compared to controls. Also, 1% HMPnano + F promoted the lowest concentrations of carbohydrates in the biofilm matrix, besides substantially affecting biofilms' structure. In conclusion, HMPnano and F promoted higher antibiofilm effects compared with its micrometric counterpart for most of the parameters assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Sampaio
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Thayse Yumi Hosida
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Antônio de Morais
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Vitória Pereira Fernandes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Nunes Souza Neto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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PLA Nanofibers for Microenvironmental-Responsive Quercetin Release in Local Periodontal Treatment. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072205. [PMID: 35408602 PMCID: PMC9000246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of periodontitis remains a vital clinical challenge due to the interplay between the microorganisms of the dental biofilm and the host inflammatory response leading to a degenerative process in the surrounding tissues. Quercetin (QUE), a natural flavonol found in many foods, including apples, onions and tea, has exhibited prolonged and strong antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. However, its clinical application is limited by its poor stability and water solubility, as well as its low bioavailability. Thus, in the present study, electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers loaded with different amounts (5−10% w/w) of QUE were produced to rapidly respond to the acidic microenvironment typical of periodontal pockets during periodontal disease. This strategy demonstrated that PLA-QUE membranes can act as a drug reservoir releasing high QUE concentrations in the presence of oral bacterial infection (pH < 5.5), and thus limiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Streptococcus mutans biofilm maturation. In addition, released QUE exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on P. gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblast (HGFs). The reported results confirmed that PLA-QUE membranes could inhibit subgingival biofilm maturation while reducing interleukin release, thereby limiting host inflammatory response. Overall, this study provided an effective pH-sensitive drug delivery system as a promising strategy for treating periodontitis.
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Calcium glycerophosphate and fluoride affect the pH and inorganic composition of dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. J Dent 2021; 115:103844. [PMID: 34637893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the influence of calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP), combined with or without fluoride (F), on the pH and concentrations of F, Ca, and P of dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, with or without exposure to sucrose. METHODS The biofilms (n = 9) received three treatments (72, 78, and 96 h after the start of their formation) at three CaGP concentrations (0.125, 0.25, or 0.5%), with or without F at 500 ppm (as NaF). Solutions containing 500 and 1100 ppm F and artificial saliva were also tested as controls. Biofilm pH was measured, and the concentrations of F, Ca, P, and CaGP were determined (solid and fluid phases). In a parallel experiment, after the third treatment, the treated biofilms were exposed to a sucrose solution, and the pH of the medium, F, Ca, P, and CaGP was determined. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA, followed by Fisher's LSD test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Treatment with CaGP and 500 ppm F led to the highest pH values and F and Ca concentrations in the biofilm biomass, both with and without sucrose exposure. CaGP without F led to higher Ca and P concentrations in the biofilm fluid. CONCLUSIONS CaGP increased F, Ca, and P concentrations in the biofilm, and its presence promoted an increase in the pH of the medium, even after exposure to sucrose. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The present results elucidate the mechanism by which CaGP and F act on biofilms, further interfering with dental caries dynamics.
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Hosida TY, Pessan JP, Cavazana TP, Sampaio C, Monteiro DR, Botazzo Delbem AC. Effect of sodium hexametaphosphate and fluoride on dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:939-948. [PMID: 34789045 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1916816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP), administered alone or in combination with fluoride (F), on dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Biofilms were treated with HMP solutions at 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%, alone or combined with F (0.05%), and compared by evaluating their structure and quantifying the colony-forming units (CFUs), metabolic activity, production of biomass and extracellular matrix components. All HMP-containing solutions were capable of reducing metabolic activity, the biofilm biomass, and the extracellular matrix components. Furthermore, the treatment with 1% HMP/F significantly reduced the CFUs of S. mutans, although it showed no effect on the CFUs of C. albicans, in the dual-species biofilms. In general, the combination of HMP and F influenced all the parameters analyzed from dual-species biofilms, except the CFUs of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayse Yumi Hosida
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Thamires Priscila Cavazana
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Caio Sampaio
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Cavazana TP, Pessan JP, Hosida TY, Sampaio C, Amarante VDOZ, Monteiro DR, Delbem ACB. Effects of Sodium Trimetaphosphate, Associated or Not with Fluoride, on the Composition and pH of Mixed Biofilms, before and after Exposure to Sucrose. Caries Res 2020; 54:358-368. [PMID: 32998137 DOI: 10.1159/000501262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), associated or not with fluoride (F), on the concentrations of F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) and on the pH of mixed biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, before and after exposure to sucrose. The biofilms received three treatments (72, 78, and 96 h after the beginning of their formation), at three TMP concentrations (0.25, 0.5, or 1%), with or without F at 500 ppm. Solutions containing 500 and 1,100 ppm F as well as artificial saliva were also tested as controls. Biofilm pH was measured and the concentrations of F, Ca, and P were determined (solid and fluid phases). In a parallel experiment, after the third treatment (96 h), the biofilms were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution to simulate a cariogenic challenge and the pH of the medium, F, Ca, P, and TMP were determined. The data were submitted by two-way ANOVA, followed by Fisher's least significant difference test (p < 0.05). Treatment with TMP and 500 ppm F led to higher F concentration in the biofilm fluid. Although TMP did not affect Ca concentrations, biofilms treated with TMP alone presented higher P concentrations. Treatment with 1% TMP and F led to the highest pH values of the biofilm, both before and after the cariogenic challenge. It was concluded that TMP increases F and P in the biofilm and that its presence promotes an increase in the pH of the medium, even after the cariogenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Priscila Cavazana
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Thayse Yumi Hosida
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Caio Sampaio
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil,
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13
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Bonadies I, Di Cristo F, Valentino A, Peluso G, Calarco A, Di Salle A. pH-Responsive Resveratrol-Loaded Electrospun Membranes for the Prevention of Implant-Associated Infections. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061175. [PMID: 32560209 PMCID: PMC7353298 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, the implant-associated infections represent a worldwide challenge for the recently reported bacterial drug resistance that can lead to the inefficacy or low efficacy of conventional antibiotic therapies. Plant polyphenolic compounds, including resveratrol (RSV), are increasingly gaining consensus as valid and effective alternatives to antibiotics limiting antibiotic resistance. In this study, electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) membranes loaded with different concentrations of RSV are synthesized and characterized in their chemical, morphological, and release features. The obtained data show that the RSV release rate from the PLA-membranes is remarkably higher in acidic conditions than at neutral pH. In addition, a change in pH from neutral to slightly acidic triggers a significant increase in the RSV release. This behavior indicates that the PLA-RSV membranes can act as drug reservoir when the environmental pH is neutral, starting to release the bioactive molecules when the pH decreases, as in presence of oral bacterial infection. Indeed, our results demonstrate that PLA-RSV2 displays a significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against two bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and Streptococcus mutans, responsible for both acute and chronic infections in humans, thus representing a promising solution for the prevention of the implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bonadies
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR) Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy;
| | - Francesca Di Cristo
- Elleva Pharma S.R.L. Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Anna Valentino
- Elleva Pharma S.R.L. Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)—CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Anna Calarco
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)—CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Di Salle
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)—CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.S.)
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14
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Dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate inhibits Candida albicans and oropharyngeal candidiasis in a pH-dependent manner. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3585-3595. [PMID: 32125481 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of stomatitis, especially that caused by Candida albicans, has highlighted the need for new antifungal agents. We previously found that a type of quaternary ammonium salts, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM), incorporated in dental materials inhibited the growth and hyphal development of C. albicans. However, how the quaternary ammonium salts inhibited the fungal pathogens and whether the oral condition, such as salivary pH variation under different diseases, can affect the antimicrobial capacity of quaternary ammonium salts is unknown. This study evaluated the antifungal effects of DMADDM at different pH in vitro and in vivo. A pH-dependent antifungal effect of DMADDM was observed in planktonic and biofilm growth. DMADDM enhanced antifungal activity at alkaline pH. Two pH-regulated genes (PHR1/PHR2) of C. albicans were correlated with the pH-dependent antifungal effects of DMADDM. The PHR1/PHR2 genes and pH values regulated the zeta potential of C. albicans, which then influenced the binding between C. albicans cells and DMADDM. The pH-dependent antifungal activity of DMADDM was then substantiated in a murine oropharyngeal candidiasis model. We directly demonstrated that the antifungal abilities of quaternary ammonium salts relied on the cell zeta potential which affected the binding between fungal cells and quaternary ammonium salts. These findings suggest a new antifungal mechanism of quaternary ammonium under different pH and that DMADDM can be a potential antifungal agent applied in dental materials and stomatitis therapy.Key Points • DMADDM has stronger antifungal activity in alkaline than in acidic pH conditions. • The pH values and pH-regulated genes can affect the zeta potential of fungal cells. • Zeta potential of fungal cells directly affect the binding between DMADDM and cells. Graphical abstract Schematic diagram of the antifungal activities of DMADDM at different pH values.
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15
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Heersema LA, Smyth HDC. A Multispecies Biofilm In Vitro Screening Model of Dental Caries for High-Throughput Susceptibility Testing. High Throughput 2019; 8:E14. [PMID: 31151195 PMCID: PMC6631723 DOI: 10.3390/ht8020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a current need to develop and optimize new therapeutics for the treatment of dental caries, but these efforts are limited by the relatively low throughput of relevant in vitro models. The aim of this work was to bridge the 96-well microtiter plate system with a relevant multispecies dental caries model that could be reproducibly grown to allow for the high-throughput screening of anti-biofilm therapies. Various media and inoculum concentrations were assessed using metabolic activity, biomass, viability, and acidity assays to determine the optimal laboratory-controlled conditions for a multispecies biofilm composed of Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. The selected model encompasses several of the known fundamental characteristics of dental caries-associated biofilms. The 1:1 RPMI:TSBYE 0.6% media supported the viability and biomass production of mono- and multispecies biofilms best. Kinetic studies over 48 h in 1:1 RPMI:TSBYE 0.6% demonstrated a stable biofilm phase between 10 and 48 h for all mono- and multispecies biofilms. The 1:1:0.1 S. gordonii: S. mutans: C. albicans multispecies biofilm in 1:1 RPMI:TSBYE 0.6% is an excellent choice for a high-throughput multispecies model of dental caries. This high-throughput multispecies model can be used for screening novel therapies and for better understanding the treatment effects on biofilm interactions and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Heersema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 787812, USA.
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
- The LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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16
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Niu J, Guo J, Ding R, Li X, Li Y, Xiao D, Zhou C. An electrospun fibrous platform for visualizing the critical pH point inducing tooth demineralization. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00392d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The BCG–PS/PVP electrospun fibrous membrane can rapidly, sensitively and conveniently sense the critical pH point of 5.5 of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Niu
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Ruolin Ding
- West China School of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Dan Xiao
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Cuisong Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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