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Morón-Ortiz Á, Mapelli-Brahm P, León-Vaz A, Benitez-González AM, León R, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids from phytoene-accumulating Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae: Effect of milling and performance of the green biosolvents 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and ethyl lactate. Food Chem 2024; 434:137437. [PMID: 37716142 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at optimizing the accumulation of phytoene in Chlorella sorokiniana by using norflurazon and investigating the capacity of green and traditional solvents to extract carotenoids by ultrasound-assisted extraction with and without previous milling. Phytoene-rich first described C. sorokiniana biomass was used, both fresh, freeze-dried, and encapsulated. The ideal dose of norflurazon (1 µg/mL) was selected to block the carotenoid pathway at the level of phytoene desaturase and induce the accumulation of phytoene in C. sorokiniana. A mill pre-treatment allowed a higher recovery of carotenoids compared to non-milled samples, in both the freeze-dried and encapsulated matrices. 2-Methyloxolane provided a higher total carotenoid content (4.75-5546.96 µg/g) compared to the other solvents tested in all the matrices, proving a promising bio-based solvent to replace traditional organic ones for the extraction of microalgal carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles Morón-Ortiz
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio León-Vaz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence and RENSMA, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Ana M Benitez-González
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence and RENSMA, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
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Kizilay HK, Küçükçetin A, Demir M. Optimization of carotenoid production by Umbelopsis ramanniana. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3369. [PMID: 37343233 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Umbelopsis ramanniana was investigated to increase carotenoid production. Nine different carbon sources and six different nitrogen sources were evaluated for the maximum carotenoid production. The most effective nitrogen and carbon sources were KNO3 and lactose, respectively. Then, the optimization of medium components for enhancement of carotenoid production by Umbelopsis ramanniana was achieved using Plackett-Burman design. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was applied to further optimize carotenoid and biomass production. Carbon to nitrogen ratio, lactose concentration, and shaking speed were studied as variables in Box-Behnken design. The optimum conditions for carotenoid and biomass production were determined as 32.42 g/L of lactose concentration, 20:1 of carbon to nitrogen ratio, and shaking speed of 130 rpm. The maximum carotenoid and biomass production under optimized conditions were 1141 μg/L (β-carotene-Eq) and 13.14 g/L, respectively. When compared to the control fermentation, carotenoid, and biomass production were increased by about 2 and 1.3 folds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Kübra Kizilay
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Küçükçetin
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Muammer Demir
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Tejada-Jimenez M, Leon-Miranda E, Llamas A. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii-A Reference Microorganism for Eukaryotic Molybdenum Metabolism. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1671. [PMID: 37512844 PMCID: PMC10385300 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is vital for the activity of a small but essential group of enzymes called molybdoenzymes. So far, specifically five molybdoenzymes have been discovered in eukaryotes: nitrate reductase, sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase, and mARC. In order to become biologically active, Mo must be chelated to a pterin, forming the so-called Mo cofactor (Moco). Deficiency or mutation in any of the genes involved in Moco biosynthesis results in the simultaneous loss of activity of all molybdoenzymes, fully or partially preventing the normal development of the affected organism. To prevent this, the different mechanisms involved in Mo homeostasis must be finely regulated. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotic microalga that has produced fundamental advances in key steps of Mo homeostasis over the last 30 years, which have been extrapolated to higher organisms, both plants and animals. These advances include the identification of the first two molybdate transporters in eukaryotes (MOT1 and MOT2), the characterization of key genes in Moco biosynthesis, the identification of the first enzyme that protects and transfers Moco (MCP1), the first characterization of mARC in plants, and the discovery of the crucial role of the nitrate reductase-mARC complex in plant nitric oxide production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the progress achieved in using C. reinhardtii as a model organism in Mo homeostasis and to propose how this microalga can continue improving with the advancements in this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tejada-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esperanza Leon-Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angel Llamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Lee JP, Lee J, Min K. Development of bioprocess for corncob-derived levulinic acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 371:128628. [PMID: 36646357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Levulinic acid is a significant platform chemical obtained from biomass and can potentially be used to produce value-added biofuels, biopolymers, and biopharmaceuticals. This study aims at statistically optimizing levulinic acid production from agrowastes. Based on the total carbohydrate content (71.93 %), corncob was selected as the target feedstock. A Box-Behnken design with four factors, such as feedstock concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature, and catalyst concentration, was used to optimize the hydrothermal conversion of corncob to levulinic acid at 180 °C for 30 min using 1 M H2SO4 as the acid catalyst and 120 g/L corncob. The maximum yield of 19.9 % was obtained. Additionally, 8.1 g/L formic acid was co-produced. The results of this study can contribute toward valorization of levulinic acid. Moreover, our results can be useful in developing strategies to utilize agrowastes as a renewable feedstock for recent biorefineries to cope with the climate crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Pyo Lee
- Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungseon Min
- Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea.
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Pradhan N, Kumar S, Selvasembian R, Rawat S, Gangwar A, Senthamizh R, Yuen YK, Luo L, Ayothiraman S, Saratale GD, Mal J. Emerging trends in the pretreatment of microalgal biomass and recovery of value-added products: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128395. [PMID: 36442602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising source of raw material (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, pigments, and micronutrients) for various value-added products and act as a carbon sink for atmospheric CO2. The rigidity of the microalgal cell wall makes it difficult to extract different cellular components for its applications, including biofuel production, food and feed supplements, and pharmaceuticals. To improve the recovery of products from microalgae, pretreatment strategies such as biological, physical, chemical, and combined methods have been explored to improve whole-cell disruption and product recovery efficiency. However, the diversity and uniqueness of the microalgal cell wall make the pretreatment process more species-specific and limit its large-scale application. Therefore, advancing the currently available technologies is required from an economic, technological, and environmental perspective. Thus, this paper provides a state-of-art review of the current trends, challenges, and prospects of sustainable microalgal pretreatment technologies from a microalgae-based biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirakar Pradhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P. 221005 India
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shweta Rawat
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P. 221005 India
| | - Agendra Gangwar
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P. 221005 India
| | - R Senthamizh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yuk Kit Yuen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Seenivasan Ayothiraman
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem - 534101, West Godavari Dist, Andhra Prdesh, India
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, Seoul 10326, Korea
| | - Joyabrata Mal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Ashokkumar V, Flora G, Sevanan M, Sripriya R, Chen WH, Park JH, Rajesh Banu J, Kumar G. Technological advances in the production of carotenoids and their applications- A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128215. [PMID: 36332858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments that are widely distributed in algae, fungi, bacteria, and plants. Carotenoids play a significant role in the food, feed, cosmetic, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. These pigments are effectively considered as a health-promoting compounds, which are widely used in our daily diet to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, acute lung injury, cataracts, neural disorders, etc. In this context, this review paper demonstrates the synthesis of carotenoids and their potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the demand for carotenoid production is increasing overtime, and the extraction and production are expensive and technically challenging. The recent developments in carotenoid biosynthesis, and key challenges, bottlenecks, and future perspectives were also discussed to enhance the circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Biorefineries for Biofuels & Bioproducts Laboratory (BBBL), Center for Trandisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, SDC, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - G Flora
- Department of Botany, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Combatore, India
| | - R Sripriya
- Department of Zoology, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thoothukudi, India
| | - W H Chen
- Department Aeronautical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jeong-Hoon Park
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, South Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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Thanigaivel S, Rajendran S, Hoang TKA, Ahmad A, Luque R. Photobiological effects of converting biomass into hydrogen - Challenges and prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128278. [PMID: 36351535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to other methods of producing hydrogen, the production of biohydrogen is significantly less harmful to the surrounding ecosystem when it was produced from the biological origin such as microalgae. It could take the place of conventional fossil fuels while avoiding the emission of greenhouse gases. The substrates such as food, agricultural waste, and industrial waste can be readily utilized after the necessary pretreatment, led to an increase in the yield of hydrogen. Improving the production of biofuels at each stage can have a significant impact on the final results, making this method a potentially useful instrument. As a consequence of this, numerous approaches to pretreat the algal biomass, numerous types of enzymes and catalyst that play a crucial role for hydrogen production, the variables that influence the production of hydrogen, and the potential applications of genetic engineering have all been comprehensively covered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thanigaivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - Tuan K A Hoang
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, 1806, boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Cordoba, Spain; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Mehariya S, Plöhn M, Leon-Vaz A, Patel A, Funk C. Improving the content of high value compounds in Nordic Desmodesmus microalgal strains. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127445. [PMID: 35718245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nordic Desmodesmus microalgal strains (2-6) and (RUC-2) were exposed to abiotic stress (light and salt) to enhance lipids and carotenoids. The biomass output of both strains increased by more than 50% during light stress of 800 μmol m-2 s-1 compared to control light. The biomass of Desmodesmus sp. (2-6) contained most lipids (15% of dry weight) and total carotenoids (16.6 mg g-1) when grown at moderate light stress (400 μmol m-2 s-1), which further could be enhanced up to 2.5-fold by salinity stress. Desmodesmus sp. (RUC-2) exhibited maximal lipid (26.5%) and carotenoid (43.8 mg L-1) content at light intensities of 400 and 100 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. Salinity stress stimulated lipid accumulation by 39%. Nordic Desmodesmus strains therefore are not only able to tolerate stress conditions, but their biomass considerably improves under stress. These strains have high potential to be used in algal bio-factories on low-cost medium like Baltic seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Plöhn
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Antonio Leon-Vaz
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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