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Liu X, Guo Y, Pan J, Wu T, Zhao B, Wei S, Jiang W, Liu Y. Nanoparticles constructed from natural polyphenols are used in acute kidney injury. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:8883-8896. [PMID: 39177039 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00837e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe clinical syndrome characterized by rapid deterioration of renal function caused by a variety of pathogeneses. Natural polyphenols have been considered to have potential in the treatment of AKI due to their powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, but their low bioavailability in vivo limits their efficacy. Polyphenol nanoparticles based on a nano-delivery system show good effects in reducing kidney injury, improving renal function and promoting renal tissue repair, and brings new hope and possibility for the treatment of AKI. This review provides an overview of the common characteristics, treatments, and associated adverse effects of AKI. The classification and bioavailability of polyphenols as well as their therapeutic role in AKI and potential possible effects are outlined. The potential therapeutic effects of polyphenol-based nanoparticles on AKI and the underlying mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Henan Science and Technology Innovation Promotion Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yike Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Central China Subcenter of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Henan Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Central-China Cardiovascular Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiangpeng Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Central China Subcenter of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Henan Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Central-China Cardiovascular Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Central China Subcenter of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Henan Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Central-China Cardiovascular Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shuyi Wei
- Plastic Surgery Department, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Central China Subcenter of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Henan Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Central-China Cardiovascular Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Central China Subcenter of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Henan Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Central-China Cardiovascular Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Wang M, Wang H, Gao C, Wei W, Liu J, Chen X, Hu G, Song W, Wu J, Zhang F, Liu L. Efficient production of protocatechuic acid using systems engineering of Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2024; 82:134-146. [PMID: 38369051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, PCA) is widely used in the pharmaceuticals, health food, and cosmetics industries owing to its diverse biological activities. However, the inhibition of 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (AroZ) by PCA and its toxicity to cells limit the efficient production of PCA in Escherichia coli. In this study, a high-level strain of 3-dehydroshikimate, E. coli DHS01, was developed by blocking the carbon flow from the shikimate-overproducing strain E. coli SA09. Additionally, the PCA biosynthetic pathway was established in DHS01 by introducing the high-activity ApAroZ. Subsequently, the protein structure and catalytic mechanism of 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase from Acinetobacter pittii PHEA-2 (ApAroZ) were clarified. The variant ApAroZR363A, achieved by modulating the conformational dynamics of ApAroZ, effectively relieved product inhibition. Additionally, the tolerance of the strain E. coli PCA04 to PCA was enhanced by adaptive laboratory evolution, and a biosensor-assisted high-throughput screening method was designed and implemented to expedite the identification of high-performance PCA-producing strains. Finally, in a 5 L bioreactor, the final strain PCA05 achieved the highest PCA titer of 46.65 g/L, a yield of 0.23 g/g, and a productivity of 1.46 g/L/h for PCA synthesis from glucose using normal fed-batch fermentation. The strategies described herein serve as valuable guidelines for the production of other high-value and toxic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Haomiao Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liming Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Ohashi H, Koma D, Yamanaka H, Ohmoto T. Enzymatic properties of UDP-glycosyltransferase 89B1 from radish and modulation of enzyme catalytic activity via loop region mutation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299755. [PMID: 38416725 PMCID: PMC10901349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs), crucial enzymes in plants, alter natural substances through glycosylation, a process with extensive applications in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics. This study narrows its focus to GT family 1, specifically UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), which are known for glycosylating small phenolic compounds, especially hydroxybenzoates. We delve into the workings of Raphanus sativus glucosyltransferase (Rs89B1), a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana UGT89B1, and its mutant to explore their glycosyltransferase activities toward hydroxybenzoates. Our findings reveal that Rs89B1 glycosylates primarily the para-position of mono-, di-, trihydroxy benzoic acids, and its substrate affinity is swayed by the presence and position of the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring of hydroxybenzoate. Moreover, mutations in the loop region of Rs89B1 impact both substrate affinity and catalytic activity. The study demonstrates that insertional/deletional mutations in non-conserved regions, which are distant from the UGT's recognition site, can have an effect on the UGT's substrate recognition site, which in turn affects acceptor substrate selectivity and glycosyltransferase activity. This research uncovers new insights suggesting that mutations in the loop region could potentially fine-tune enzyme properties and enhance its catalytic activity. These findings not only have significant implications for enzyme engineering in biotechnological applications but also contribute to a more profound understanding of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ohashi
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koma
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamanaka
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohmoto
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka-City, Osaka, Japan
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Zhang C, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Zheng N, Zhou H, Su Y, Du S, Hussain A, Xia X. Directed Evolution of the UDP-Glycosyltransferase UGT BL1 for Highly Regioselective and Efficient Biosynthesis of Natural Phenolic Glycosides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1640-1650. [PMID: 38213280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The O-glycosylation of polyphenols for the synthesis of glycosides has garnered substantial attention in food research applications. However, the practical utility of UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) is significantly hindered by their low catalytic efficiency and suboptimal regioselectivity. The concurrent optimization of the regioselectivity and activity during the glycosylation of polyphenols presents a formidable challenge. Here, we addressed the long-standing activity-regioselectivity tradeoff in glycosyltransferase UGTBL1 through systematic enzyme engineering. The optimal combination of mutants, N61S/I62M/D63W/A208R/P218W/R282W (SMWRW1W2), yielded a 6.1-fold improvement in relative activity and a 17.3-fold increase in the ratio of gastrodin to para-hydroxybenzyl alcohol-4'-O-β-glucoside (with 89.5% regioselectivity for gastrodin) compared to those of the wild-type enzyme and ultimately allowed gram-scale production of gastrodin (1,066.2 mg/L) using whole-cell biocatalysis. In addition, variant SMWRW1W2 exhibited a preference for producing phenolic glycosides from several substrates. This study lays the foundation for the engineering of additional UGTs and the practical applications of UGTs in regioselective retrofitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongchao Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yumeng Su
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuang Du
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Asif Hussain
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaole Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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5
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Pham TN, Cazier EA, Gormally E, Lawrence P. Valorization of biomass polyphenols as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103843. [PMID: 38000718 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinases (TYRs; EC 1.14.18.1) catalyze two sequential oxidative reactions of the melanin biosynthesis pathway and play an important role in mammalian pigmentation and enzymatic browning of fruit and vegetables. Inhibition of TYR activity is therefore an attractive target for new drugs and/or food ingredients. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that TYR regulation could be a novel target for treatments of cancer and Parkinson's disease. Biomasses, notably industrial byproducts and biowaste, are good sustainable sources of phytochemicals that may be valorized into bioactive compounds including TYR inhibitors. This review presents potential applications of biomass-derived polyphenols targeting TYR inhibition. Insights into structure-activity relationships of several polyphenols and their glycosides are highlighted. Finally, some remarks and perspectives on research into new TYR inhibitors from biomass waste are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Nhat Pham
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France.
| | - Elisabeth A Cazier
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France; Nantes Université, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gormally
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
| | - Philip Lawrence
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
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Rates ADB, Cesarino I. Pour some sugar on me: The diverse functions of phenylpropanoid glycosylation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154138. [PMID: 38006622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid metabolism is the source of a vast array of specialized metabolites that play diverse functions in plant growth and development and contribute to all aspects of plant interactions with their surrounding environment. These compounds protect plants from damaging ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species, provide mechanical support for the plants to stand upright, and mediate plant-plant and plant-microorganism communications. The enormous metabolic diversity of phenylpropanoids is further expanded by chemical modifications known as "decorative reactions", including hydroxylation, methylation, glycosylation, and acylation. Among these modifications, glycosylation is the major driving force of phenylpropanoid structural diversification, also contributing to the expansion of their properties. Phenylpropanoid glycosylation is catalyzed by regioselective uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), whereas glycosyl hydrolases known as β-glucosidases are the major players in deglycosylation. In this article, we review how the glycosylation process affects key physicochemical properties of phenylpropanoids, such as molecular stability and solubility, as well as metabolite compartmentalization/storage and biological activity/toxicity. We also summarize the recent knowledge on the functional implications of glycosylation of different classes of phenylpropanoid compounds. A balance of glycosylation/deglycosylation might represent an essential molecular mechanism to regulate phenylpropanoid homeostasis, allowing plants to dynamically respond to diverse environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur de Barros Rates
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil; Synthetic and Systems Biology Center, InovaUSP, Avenida Professor Lucio Martins Rodrigues 370, 05508-020, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Liu S, Li D, Qin Z, Zeng W, Zhou J. Enhancing Glycosylation of Flavonoids by Engineering the Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Supply in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17842-17851. [PMID: 37941337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation can enhance the solubility and stability of flavonoids. The main limitation of the glycosylation process is low intracellular uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) availability. This study aimed to create a glycosylation platform strain in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by multiple metabolic engineering of the UDPG supply. Glycosyltransferase TcCGT1 was introduced to synthesize vitexin and orientin from apigenin and luteolin, respectively. To further expand this glycosylation platform strain, not only were UDP rhamnose and UDP galactose synthesis pathways constructed, but rhamnosyltransferase (GtfC) and galactosyltransferase (PhUGT) were also introduced, respectively. In a 5 L bioreactor with apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, and quercetin as glycosyl acceptors, vitexin, orientin, afzelin, quercitrin, hyperoside, and trifolin glycosylation products reached 17.2, 36.5, 5.2, 14.1, 6.4, and 11.4 g/L, respectively, the highest titers reported to date for all. The platform strain has great potential for large-scale production of glycosylated flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shike Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Qin
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Ren J, Zhan J. Microbial glycosylation of antitubercular agent chlorflavonin. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:366-373. [PMID: 37743150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have shown health-benefiting properties, such as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, and are commonly used as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Although flavonoids are predominantly identified from plants, several filamentous fungal species have also been reported to produce bioactive flavonoids, including chlorflavonin from Aspergillus candidus, a novel halogenated flavonoid with potent antifungal and antitubercular (anti-TB) activities. Unfortunately, the low water-solubility of this molecule may hinder its bioavailability. Glycosylation is an effective method to enhance the polarity of natural products and alter their physicochemical properties. This work focuses on the development of novel water-soluble chlorflavonin derivatives to combat the threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis. In this study, we first increased the production titer of chlorflavonin in A. candidus NRRL 5214 by optimizing the fermentation and purification processes. Next, chlorflavonin-5-O-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (1) and chlorflavonin-7-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (2) were produced from chlorflavonin using Streptomyces chromofuscus ATCC 49982 and Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159, respectively. Compared to chlorflavonin (4.38 ± 0.54 mg/L in water), the water solubility of the two new glycosides was determined to be 117.86 ± 4.81 mg/L (1) and 124.34 ± 9.13 mg/L (2), respectively. This study provides a promising method to create water-soluble glycosides of chlorflavonin for the development of novel anti-TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA.
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