1
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Differences in the antinociceptive effects of serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors via sodium channel blockade using the veratrine test in mice. Neuroreport 2021; 32:797-802. [PMID: 33994525 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants exert their analgesic effects by inhibiting the reuptake of noradrenaline. Several antidepressants have been shown to block the sodium channels, which might contribute to their analgesic potency. The aim of this study was to determine whether serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) could produce antinociceptive effects via sodium channel blockade using the veratrine test in mice. Furthermore, the effects of these agents on the veratrine test were examined to elucidate the effects of several antidepressants and tramadol on sodium channels. The administration of duloxetine (10 mg/kg) and venlafaxine (30 mg/kg) suppressed cuff-induced mechanical allodynia; however, these antinociceptive effects were only partially suppressed by atipamezole. Furthermore, duloxetine and venlafaxine demonstrated antinociceptive effects via sodium channel blockade, as assayed by the veratrine test. In addition, several antidepressants, including amitriptyline, paroxetine and mirtazapine, reduced veratrine-induced nociception. In contrast, milnacipran and tramadol did not alter the veratrine-induced nociception. These results indicated that, in addition to the primary action of SNRIs on monoamine transporters, sodium channel blockade might be involved in the antinociceptive activities of duloxetine and venlafaxine, but not milnacipran.
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2
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Novel serotonin transporter regulators: Natural aristolane- and nardosinane- types of sesquiterpenoids from Nardostachys chinensis Batal. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15114. [PMID: 29118341 PMCID: PMC5678126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin transporter (SERT) is a classic target of drug discovery for neuropsychiatric and digestive disorders, and against those disorders, plants of Nardostachys genus have been valued for centuries in the systems of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurvedic and Unani. Herein, chemical investigation on the roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys chinensis Batal. led to the isolation of forty sesquiterpenoids including six new aristolane-type sesquiterpenoids and six new nardosinane-type sesquiterprenoids. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, combined with analyses of circular dichroism and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. To explore natural product scaffolds with SERT regulating activity, a high-content assay for measurement of SERT function in vitro was conducted to evaluate the SERT regulating properties of these isolates. In conclusion, eleven compounds could be potential natural product scaffolds for developing drug candidates targeting SERT. Among which, kanshone C of aristolane-type sesquiterpenoid inhibited SERT most strongly, while desoxo-nachinol A of nardosinane-type sesquiterpenoid instead enhanced SERT potently.
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3
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Subbaiah MAM. Triple Reuptake Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for Depression and Other Disorders: Design Paradigm and Developmental Challenges. J Med Chem 2017; 61:2133-2165. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugaiah A. M. Subbaiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
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4
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Ordóñez M, Cativiela C, Romero-Estudillo I. An update on the stereoselective synthesis of γ-amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Milnacipran as a challenging example of aminomethyl substrate for lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Ishizuka Y, Fujimori H, Noguchi T, Kawasaki M, Kishida M, Nagai T, Imai N, Kirihara M. Asymmetric Syntheses of Pharmaceuticals Containing a Cyclopropane Moiety Using Catalytic Asymmetric Simmons–Smith Reactions of Allylalcohols: Syntheses of Optically Active Tranylcypromine and Milnacipran. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishizuka
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Hirohisa Fujimori
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Takuya Noguchi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Parmacy, Chiba Institute of Science
| | | | - Mari Kishida
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology
| | | | | | - Masayuki Kirihara
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology
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7
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Li C, Li BF, Chen JG, Sun T, Chen Z. A Practical Kilogram-Scale Process to a Milnacipran Analogue, N,N-Diallyl (1R, 2R)-2-(Aminomethyl)-1-(2-thienyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op3001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Lab of Biocatalysis, Hangzhou Normal University, Science and Technology
Park, 1378 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Bin-Feng Li
- Agno Pharma, A5-401,
BioBay, 218 Xinghu Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215000 China
| | - Jian-Ge Chen
- Agno Pharma, A5-401,
BioBay, 218 Xinghu Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215000 China
| | - Tao Sun
- Agno Pharma, A5-401,
BioBay, 218 Xinghu Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215000 China
| | - Zhenming Chen
- Lab of Biocatalysis, Hangzhou Normal University, Science and Technology
Park, 1378 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
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8
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Alliot J, Gravel E, Pillon F, Buisson DA, Nicolas M, Doris E. Enantioselective synthesis of levomilnacipran. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8111-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33743f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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10
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Molecular determinants for selective recognition of antidepressants in the human serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:12137-42. [PMID: 21730142 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103060108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) are widely used in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Although SERT/NET selectivity is a key determinant for the therapeutic properties of these drugs, the molecular determinants defining SERT/NET selectivity are poorly understood. In this study, the structural basis for selectivity of the SERT selective inhibitor citalopram and the structurally closely related NET selective inhibitor talopram is delineated. A systematic structure-activity relationship study allowed identification of the substituents that control activity and selectivity toward SERT and NET and revealed a common pattern showing that SERT and NET have opposite preference for the stereochemical configuration of these inhibitors. Mutational analysis of nonconserved SERT/NET residues within the central substrate binding site was performed to determine the molecular basis for inhibitor selectivity. Changing only five residues in NET to the complementary residues in SERT transferred a SERT-like affinity profile for R- and S-citalopram into NET, showing that the selectivity of these compounds is determined by amino acid differences in the central binding site of the transporters. In contrast, the activity of R- and S-talopram was largely unaffected by any mutations within the central substrate binding site of SERT and NET and in the outer vestibule of NET, suggesting that citalopram and talopram bind to distinct sites on SERT and NET. Together, these findings provide important insight into the molecular basis for SERT/NET selectivity of antidepressants, which can be used to guide rational development of unique transporter inhibitors with fine-tuned transporter selectivity.
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11
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Marks DM, Pae CU, Patkar AA. Triple reuptake inhibitors: the next generation of antidepressants. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 6:338-43. [PMID: 19587855 PMCID: PMC2701280 DOI: 10.2174/157015908787386078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has been associated with impaired neurotransmission of serotonergic, norepinephrinergic, and dopaminergic pathways, although most pharmacologic treatment strategies for depression enhance only serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission. Current drug development efforts are aimed at a new class of antidepressants which inhibit the reuptake of all three neurotransmitters in the hope of creating medications with broader efficacy and/or quicker onset of action. The current review explores limitations of presently available antidepressants and the history and premise behind the movement to devise triple reuptake inhibitors. The evidence for and against the claim that broader spectrum agents are more efficacious is discussed. Examples of triple reuptake inhibitors in development are compared, and preclinical and clinical research with these agents to date is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Marks
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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12
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Fensome A, Goldberg J, McComas CC, Trybulski EJ, Woodworth RP, Deecher DC, Whiteside GT, Zhang P. Structure-activity relationships of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors with benzothiadiazine dioxide or dihydrosulfostyril cores. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1555-8. [PMID: 20153188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two related series of selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors were synthesized based on 3,4-dihydro-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazine 2,2-dioxide or 3,4-dihydrosulfostyril cores, and screened for monoamine reuptake inhibition. Structure-activity relationships were determined for the series' in vitro potency and selectivity versus serotonin or dopamine transporter inhibition, and analogs based on both cores were identified as potent and selective NRIs. The 3,4-dihydrosulfostyril series was further tested for microsome stability, and compound 16j, which was optimized for both potency and stability, showed efficacy in an in vivo model of thermoregulatory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fensome
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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13
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Andersen J, Kristensen AS, Bang-Andersen B, Strømgaard K. Recent advances in the understanding of the interaction of antidepressant drugs with serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3677-92. [PMID: 19557250 DOI: 10.1039/b903035m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biogenic monoamine transporters are integral membrane proteins that perform active transport of extracellular dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine into cells. These transporters are targets for therapeutic agents such as antidepressants, as well as addictive substances such as cocaine and amphetamine. Seminal advances in the understanding of the structure and function of this transporter family have recently been accomplished by structural studies of a bacterial transporter, as well as medicinal chemistry and pharmacological studies of mammalian transporters. This feature article focuses on antidepressant drugs that act on the serotonin and/or the norepinephrine transporters. Specifically, we focus on structure-activity relationships of these drugs with emphasis on relationships between their molecular properties and the current knowledge of transporter structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Andersen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Vervisch K, D'hooghe M, Törnroos KW, De Kimpe N. A new approach towards 1-phenyl and 1-benzyl substituted 2-(aminomethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamides as novel derivatives of the antidepressant Milnacipran. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3271-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b904611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Dolle RE, Bourdonnec BL, Goodman AJ, Morales GA, Thomas CJ, Zhang W. Comprehensive Survey of Chemical Libraries for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology: 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:753-802. [PMID: 18991466 DOI: 10.1021/cc800119z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland E. Dolle
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Bertrand Le Bourdonnec
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Allan J. Goodman
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Guillermo A. Morales
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Wei Zhang
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
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16
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Dyck B, Tamiya J, Jovic F, Pick RR, Bradbury MJ, O’Brien J, Wen J, Johns M, Madan A, Fleck BA, Foster AC, Li B, Zhang M, Tran JA, Vickers T, Grey J, Saunders J, Chen C. Characterization of Thien-2-yl 1S,2R-Milnacipran Analogues as Potent Norepinephrine/Serotonin Transporter Inhibitors for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain. J Med Chem 2008; 51:7265-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8009537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dyck
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Junko Tamiya
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Florence Jovic
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Rebecca R. Pick
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Margaret J. Bradbury
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Julie O’Brien
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Jenny Wen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Michael Johns
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Ajay Madan
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Beth A. Fleck
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Alan C. Foster
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Binfeng Li
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Joe A. Tran
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Troy Vickers
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Jonathan Grey
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - John Saunders
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Chen Chen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
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17
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Abstract
On the horizon there is a new class of psychoactive medications which work by inhibiting the neuronal reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. There are multiple potential indications for these drugs. Research suggests that they may have a role in treating depressive disorders, and it is plausible they may have potential efficacy in obesity, addiction, and pain syndromes. The current review describes some of the molecules in development presently and explores the research relevant to possible clinical uses for this class of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Marks
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ashwin A. Patkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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18
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McComas CC, Vu AT, Mahaney PE, Cohn ST, Fensome A, Marella MA, Nogle L, Trybulski EJ, Ye F, Zhang P, Alfinito P, Bray J, Johnston G, Koury E, Deecher DC. Synthesis and activity of 1-(3-amino-1-phenylpropyl)indolin-2-ones: A new class of selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4929-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Tamiya J, Dyck B, Zhang M, Phan K, Fleck BA, Aparicio A, Jovic F, Tran JA, Vickers T, Grey J, Foster AC, Chen C. Identification of 1S,2R-milnacipran analogs as potent norepinephrine and serotonin transporter inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3328-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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20
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Studies on a series of milnacipran analogs containing a heteroaromatic group as potent norepinephrine and serotonin transporter inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3230-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Chen C, Dyck B, Fleck BA, Foster AC, Grey J, Jovic F, Mesleh M, Phan K, Tamiya J, Vickers T, Zhang M. Studies on the SAR and pharmacophore of milnacipran derivatives as monoamine transporter inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1346-9. [PMID: 18207394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of milnacipran were synthesized and studied as monoamine transporter inhibitors. Potent analogs were discovered at NET (9k) and at both NET and SERT (9s and 9u). A pharmacophore model was established based on the conformational analysis of milnacipran in aqueous solution using NMR techniques and was consistent with the SAR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Bioscience, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
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22
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Design of Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitors: SSRIs, SNRIs and NRIs. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2008_028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Macdougall IJA, Griffith R. Pharmacophore design and database searching for selective monoamine neurotransmitter transporter ligands. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 26:1113-24. [PMID: 18023378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal monoamine transporters (MATs) are involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of mental health conditions such as depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance abuse and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Various structural classes of compounds have been synthesized and tested in vitro for activity against transporters of three monoamine signaling molecules: noradrenaline (NET); serotonin (SERT) and dopamine (DAT). We have developed and validated a number of pharmacophore models describing the interaction of two classes of compounds with each of these three MATs. These pharmacophores explain the selectivity of binding to the MATs for various compound classes and have been used to search in silico databases for novel, potentially selective ligands. These ligands, after confirmation of their activities, will provide tools for investigating the function of MATs as well as the potential for new therapeutic agents in mental health applications. The database searches also retrieved close analogues of known MAT ligands, further validating the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain J A Macdougall
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia
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24
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Patti A, Pedotti S, Sanfilippo C. Chiral HPLC analysis of milnacipran and its FMOC-derivative on cellulose-based stationary phases. Chirality 2007; 20:63-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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