1
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Tan X, Wang B, Zhou X, Liu C, Wang C, Bai J. Fecal fermentation behaviors of Konjac glucomannan and its impacts on human gut microbiota. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101610. [PMID: 39071938 PMCID: PMC11282934 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber targets the regulation of the intestinal flora and thus affects host health, however, the complex relationship between these factors lacks direct evidence. In this study, the regulatory effects of Konjac glucomannan (KGM) on key metabolites of host intestinal flora were examined by using in vitro fermentation. The results showed that KGM could be utilized by the intestinal flora, which inhibited the relative abundance of Paeniclostridium, Lachnoclostridium, Phascolarctobacterium, and Bacteroides and enriched the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio, Sutterella, etc. Fermentation is accompanied by the production of short-chain acids, including acetic and propionic acids. Metabolomics revealed that KGM significantly promoted amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. Correlation analysis results showed that the increase of panose and N-(1-carboxy-3-carboxanilidopropyl) alanylproline content was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Megamonas. These results provide evidence that KGM affects host health by regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tan
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Botao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology CO, LTD, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Department of Radiology, Yuxi Children's Hospital, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junying Bai
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
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2
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Wang M, Chen Y, Song AX, Weng X, Meng Y, Lin J, Mao YH. The Combination of Exercise and Konjac Glucomannan More Effectively Prevents Antibiotics-Induced Dysbiosis in Mice Compared with Singular Intervention. Nutrients 2024; 16:2942. [PMID: 39275258 PMCID: PMC11397520 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that konjac glucomannan (KGM) can prevent dysbiosis induced by antibiotics. While exercise may also impact the gut microbiome, there are limited studies reporting its protective effect on antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Therefore, this study investigated the preventive and regulatory effects of a combination of 6-week exercise and KGM intervention on antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in C57BL/6J mice compared with a single intervention. The results showed that combined exercise and KGM intervention could restore the changes in the relative abundance of Bacteroides (3.73% with CTL versus 14.23% with ATBX versus 4.46% with EK) and Prevotellaceae_Prevotella (0.33% with CTL versus 0.00% with ATBX versus 0.30% with EK) induced by antibiotics (p < 0.05), and minimized the Bray-Curtis distance induced by antibiotics (0.55 with CTL versus 0.81 with ATBX versus 0.80 with EXC versus 0.83 with KGM versus 0.75 with EK). Compared with the combined intervention, exercise intervention also produced a certain level of recovery effects; the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae (1.96% with CTL versus 0.09% with ATBX versus 0.49% with EXC) was restored, while KGM supplementation showed the best preventive effect. In addition, the combination of exercise and KGM significantly enriched microbial purine metabolic pathways (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that combining exercise with KGM could be a promising approach to reducing the side effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Yonglin Chen
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Ang-Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiquan Weng
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Yan Meng
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Jieru Lin
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Yu-Heng Mao
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Human Sports Performance Science, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
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3
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He P, Wang Y, Yang J, Suo H, Song J. The Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SHY130 and Konjac Glucomannan on the Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Sensory Properties of Stirred Yogurt. Foods 2024; 13:2324. [PMID: 39123520 PMCID: PMC11311811 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of konjac glucomannan (KGM)-based synbiotics on yogurt quality is not well understood. This study investigated the effects of a synbiotic mixture of KGM and the selected probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SHY130 on the physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties of yogurt. The results showed that KGM significantly promoted the growth of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SHY130. The synbiotics dramatically enhanced the count of lactic acid bacteria in yogurt during the 14 days of storage. Texture analysis indicated that the synbiotic supplement had no impact on springiness and cohesiveness but resulted in notable reductions in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The synbiotics did not significantly affect the water-holding capacity and syneresis. While the synbiotics initially decreased yogurt viscosity, it increased with storage time. Furthermore, the synbiotics significantly improved the yogurt's antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the supplementation of the synbiotics did not adversely affect sensory properties, although the synbiotics containing 0.02% KGM negatively impacted overall acceptability. Overall, these findings elucidate the effects of KGM-based synbiotics on yogurt quality, providing a foundation for developing novel synbiotic yogurt products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglin He
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
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Li J, Liu H, Fu H, Yang Y, Wu Z. An Isofibrous Diet with Fiber Konjac Glucomannan Ameliorates Salmonella typhimurium-Induced Colonic Injury by Regulating TLR2-NF-κB Signaling and Intestinal Microbiota in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13415-13430. [PMID: 38824655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that dietary konjac glucomannan (KGM) could alleviate Salmonella typhimurium-induced colitis by modulating intestinal microbiota. Mice were fed an isocaloric and isofibrous diet supplemented with either 7% KGM or cellulose and were treated with 5 × 108 CFU of S. typhimurium. The results showed that KGM had an average molecular weight of 936 kDa and predominantly consisted of mannose and glucose at a molar ratio of 1:1.22. In vivo studies demonstrated that dietary KGM effectively mitigated colonic lesions, oxidative stress, disruption of tight junction protein 2 and occludin, and the inflammatory response induced by S. typhimurium. Moreover, KGM administration alleviated the dramatic upregulation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and phosphonuclear factor κB (NF-κB) protein abundance, induced by Salmonella treatment. Notably, dietary KGM restored the reduced Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillus abundance and increased the abundance of Blautia and Salmonella in S. typhimurium-infected mice. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the gut microbiota improved by KGM contribute to inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress. These results demonstrated the protective effects of dietary KGM against colitis by modulating the gut microbiota and the TLR2-NF-κB signaling pathway in response to Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Huiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Hong J, Shi Y, Xu F, Chen J, Mi M, Ren Q, Kang Y. Integration of Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Identifies the Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis as Potential Mechanisms of Konjac Glucomannan against Hepatic Steatosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38833514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is characterized by substantial disruption in the liver's lipid level regulation. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is acknowledged as a nutritious food that has the potential to prevent hyperlipidemia. This study utilized lipidomics and transcriptomics to investigate the efficacy of KGM in alleviating high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid homeostasis. The findings indicated that supplementation of KGM for a duration of 10 weeks led to significant decreases in body weight, liver weight, and epididymal fat tissue weight. Furthermore, improvements in lipid concentrations in plasma and liver samples were observed, along with enhancements in glucose tolerance and the mitigation of liver damage. Additionally, lipidomics analysis revealed that the primary differential lipid metabolites were mainly associated with fatty acid metabolism pathways. Transcriptomic analysis showed that KGM significantly altered the gene expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway in the liver. Moreover, KGM demonstrated a significant regulatory impact on the hepatic expression of PPARγ, potentially mitigating hepatic steatosis through modulation of the PPARγ-mediated lipid metabolism pathway. In conclusion, these findings suggest that KGM effectively mitigates steatosis by modulating hepatic lipid metabolites and controlling PPARγ-mediated genes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hong
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Yun Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Fengzhuo Xu
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Ma Mi
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Qingjia Ren
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Yijun Kang
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Xia P, Zheng Y, Sun L, Chen W, Shang L, Li J, Hou T, Li B. Regulation of glycose and lipid metabolism and application based on the colloidal nutrition science properties of konjac glucomannan: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121849. [PMID: 38388033 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract, such as hydration properties, adsorption properties, rheological properties, have an important influence on the physiological process of host digestion and absorption, leading to the differences in satiety and glucose and lipid metabolisms. Based on the diversified physicochemical properties of konjac glucomannan (KGM), it is meaningful to review the relationship of structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and glycose and lipid metabolism. Firstly, this paper bypassed the category of intestinal microbes, and explained the potential of dietary fiber in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism during nutrient digestion and absorption from the perspective of colloidal nutrition. Secondly, the modification methods of KGM to regulate its physicochemical properties were discussed and the relationship between KGM's molecular structure types and glycose and lipid metabolism were summarized. Finally, based on the characteristics of KGM, the application of KGM in the main material and ingredients of fat reduction food was reviewed. We hope this work could provide theoretical basis for the study of dietary fiber colloid nutrition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenxin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Longchen Shang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Xia P, Zhao M, Jin H, Hou T, Deng Z, Zhang M, Zhou Q, Zhan F, Li B, Li J. Konjac glucomannan-assisted curcumin alleviated dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice colitis via regulating immune response and maintaining intestinal barrier integrity. Food Funct 2023; 14:8747-8760. [PMID: 37698392 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has been proven to be an effective strategy for reducing inflammatory responses. However, low bioavailability and instability at the physiological pH have limited its anti-inflammatory activity in ulcerative colitis patients. In the present study, a complex of curcumin and konjac glucomannan (KGM) effectively inhibited intestinal inflammation and this effect was associated with KGM degradation degrees. Results demonstrated that treatment with the complex markedly mitigated colitis symptoms and decreased inflammatory cytokines levels, especially in the complex treatment groups with K110 (KGM treated in 110 °C) and konjac oligosaccharides (KOSs). Furthermore, increasing the KOS content in KOC (the complex of curcumin and KOS) promoted the gene expressions of the intestinal barrier and inhibited the gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines, as well as improved gut microbiota dysregulation. Overall, our studies suggest that the complex of curcumin and KGM exerts effective anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the intestinal immune response and modulating microbiota diversity and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Mengge Zhao
- College of Food Science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Hong Jin
- College of Food Science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhichang Deng
- College of Food Science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Mengting Zhang
- College of Food Science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qiaoyun Zhou
- College of Food Science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Fuchao Zhan
- College of Food Science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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Mao YH, Wang M, Yuan Y, Yan JK, Peng Y, Xu G, Weng X. Konjac Glucomannan Counteracted the Side Effects of Excessive Exercise on Gut Microbiome, Endurance, and Strength in an Overtraining Mice Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:4206. [PMID: 37836491 PMCID: PMC10574454 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive exercise without adequate rest can lead to overtraining syndrome, which manifests a series of side effects, including fatigue, gut dysbiosis, and decremental sports performance. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a plant polysaccharide with numerous health-improving effects, but few studies reported its effects on the gut microbiome, endurance, and strength in an overtraining model. This study assessed the effect of KGM on gut microbiome, endurance, and strength in mice with excessive exercise. Three doses of KGM (1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mg/mL) were administrated in drinking water to mice during 42 days of a treadmill overtraining program. The results showed that excessive exercise induced a significant microbial shift compared with the control group, while a high dose (5.00 mg/mL) of KGM maintained the microbial composition. The proportion of Sutterella in feces was significantly increased in the excessive exercise group, while the moderate dose (2.50 mg/mL) of KGM dramatically increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and SCFA production in feces. Additionally, the moderate dose and high dose of KGM counteracted the negative effects of excessive exercise on strength or/and endurance (43.14% and 39.94% increase through a moderate dose of KGM, Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05, compared with the excessive exercise group). Therefore, it suggests that KGM could prevent overtraining and improve sports performance in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Heng Mao
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.X.)
| | - Minghan Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.X.)
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.X.)
| | - Jing-Kun Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Yanqun Peng
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.X.)
| | - Guoqin Xu
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.X.)
| | - Xiquan Weng
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.X.)
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Halma MTJ, Plothe C, Marik P, Lawrie TA. Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1308. [PMID: 37317282 PMCID: PMC10222799 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 crisis, a need has arisen to prevent and treat two related conditions, COVID-19 vaccine injury and long COVID-19, both of which can trace at least part of their aetiology to the spike protein, which can cause harm through several mechanisms. One significant mechanism of harm is vascular, and it is mediated by the spike protein, a common element of the COVID-19 illness, and it is related to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Given the significant number of people experiencing these two related conditions, it is imperative to develop treatment protocols, as well as to consider the diversity of people experiencing long COVID-19 and vaccine injury. This review summarizes the known treatment options for long COVID-19 and vaccine injury, their mechanisms, and their evidentiary basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christof Plothe
- Center for Biophysical Osteopathy, Am Wegweiser 27, 55232 Alzey, Germany
| | - Paul Marik
- Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance (FLCCC), 2001 L St. NW Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036, USA;
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Deng J, Zou X, Liang Y, Zhong J, Zhou K, Zhang J, Zhang M, Wang Z, Sun Y, Li M. Hypoglycemic effects of different molecular weight konjac glucomannans via intestinal microbiota and SCFAs mediated mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:122941. [PMID: 36563827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypoglycemic effects of konjac glucomannans (KGMs) are well recognized, and our previous study showed KGMs with different molecular weight have different hypoglycemic effects on diabetes rats, but the detailed mechanisms still remain unclear. In this study, KGMs with medium molecular weight (KGM-M, 757.1 kDa) and low molecular weight (KGM-L, 87.3 kDa) were utilized to investigate the possible mechanism on hypoglycemic effects of type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats. The results revealed that KGM-M had better effects than KGM-L on decreasing fasting blood glucose, mitigating insulin resistance and improving inflammation. Further mechanism analysis showed that KGM-M better enriched gut flora diversity and the abundance of Ruminococcus and Lachnoclostridium, which was accompanied by increased short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and improved regulation on bile acid synthesis. Antibiotics treatment eliminated the beneficial effects of KGMs on gut flora, SCFAs, GPCRs and bile acid synthesis. By contrast, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) treatment restored the structure of intestinal microbiota. And after FMT treatment, KGM-M displayed higher hypoglycemic activity than KGM-L, probably due to the better effects on intestinal microbiota, SCFAs production, GPCRs expression and bile acid synthesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Shunde Vocational and Technical College, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuxuan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Industry-University-Research Collaboration, Shenzhen Total-Test Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Meiying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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11
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Liu D, Zhuang B, Wei M, Yuan T, Li J, Deng P, Du L, Yuan B, Jin Y. Oral konjac glucomannan for prevention of ionizing radiation-induced injury by regulating gut microbiota and increasing short chain fatty acids. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124402. [PMID: 37044326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-induced injury commonly happens in radiotherapy, leading to damages of the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems. Radioprotective medications are mainly applied in hospitals, although only injections are available and their gut protection is limited. Here, oral konjac glucomannan (KGM), a natural macromolecule and soluble dietary fiber, was used against ionizing radiation-induced injury. The mice were fed with KGM (0.4 g/kg) for 3 days or injected with a clinical medication amifostine before 6.5 Gy γ-ray whole body irradiation (WBI) or 13 Gy whole abdominal irradiation (WAI). In the WBI experiments, KGM improved blood cell recovery and bone marrow cell proliferation in the femur and spleen, though its effect was weaker than or similar to that of amifostine. In the WBI experiments, the gut protection of KGM was similar to or a little better than that of amifostine, involving regenerated crypts numbers, villus length, and gut permeability. Moreover, KGM remarkably enhanced the survival rates of WBI and WAI mice, consistent with amifostine. KGM, as a prebiotic, enhanced gut microbiota abundance, probiotic numbers, and short chain fatty acid production, maintaining gut homeostasis. Moreover, KGM inhibited the apoptosis of irradiated human intestinal epithelial cells. KGM is a promising natural macromolecule against ionizing radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bo Zhuang
- Department of Chemical Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tianyu Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Chemical Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Pei Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Dongfang Hospital), Beijing 100078, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bochuan Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Jayachandran M, Christudas S, Zheng X, Xu B. Dietary fiber konjac glucomannan exerts an antidiabetic effect via inhibiting lipid absorption and regulation of PPAR-γ and gut microbiome. Food Chem 2023; 403:134336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Bensaci N, Abdi A, Ben Aziza H, Aouadi S. Characterization and biological evaluation of Crataegus azarolus fruit polysaccharides. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Extraction, Characterization, and Platelet Inhibitory Effects of Two Polysaccharides from the Cs-4 Fungus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012608. [PMID: 36293463 PMCID: PMC9604242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are associated with platelet hyperactivity, and downregulating platelet activation is one of the promising antithrombotic strategies. This study newly extracted two polysaccharides (purified exopolysaccharides, EPSp and purified intercellular exopolysaccharides, IPSp) from Cordyceps sinensis Cs-4 mycelial fermentation powder, and investigated the effects of the two polysaccharides and their gut bacterial metabolites on platelet functions and thrombus formation. EPSp and IPSp are majorly composed of galactose, mannose, glucose, and arabinose. Both EPSp and IPSp mainly contain 4-Galp and 4-Glcp glycosidic linkages. EPSp and IPSp significantly inhibited human platelet activation and aggregation with a dose-dependent manner, and attenuated thrombus formation in mice without increasing bleeding risk. Furthermore, the EPSp and IPSp after fecal fermentation showed enhanced platelet inhibitory effects. The results have demonstrated the potential value of Cs-4 polysaccharides as novel protective ingredients for cardiovascular diseases.
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The Purification and Biochemical Characterization of a Weissella cibaria F1 Derived β-Mannanase for Its Use in the Preparation of Konjac Oligo-Glucomannan with Immunomodulatory Properties. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mannanase with a molecular weight of 33.1 kDa was purified from Weissella cibaria F1. The F1 mannanase contained 289 amino acid residues and shared 70.0% similarity with mannanase from Bacillus subtilis (P55278 (MANB_BACIU)). The optimum reaction conditions of F1 mannanase were 50 °C and pH 6.5. After incubation at pH 4.5–8.0 and 30–60 °C for 2 h, the enzyme activity remained above 60%. The effects of metal ions on mannanase enzyme activity were measured, and Mn2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+ increased enzyme activity. The Km (16.96 ± 0.01 μmol·mL−1) and Vmax (1119.05 ± 0.14 μmol·min−1) values showed that the enzyme exhibited high affinity for locust bean gum. Mannanase was used to hydrolyze konjac glucomannan to produce konjac oligo-glucomannan (KOGM). KOGM increased the proliferation and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages and enhanced nitric oxide, and cytokine production in macrophages, which showed potent immunostimulatory activity. In this study, the advantages of mannanase derived from lactic acid bacteria were utilized to expand the application of KOGM in the medical field, which is helpful to explore the broad prospects of KOGM in functional food or medicine.
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Yang W, Song G, Zhong P, Ren Y, Zhong G. Structural complexity of Konjac glucomannan and its derivatives governs the diversity and outputs of gut microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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